A two-stage adsorption column control method for removing new contaminants

Abstract

This invention discloses a two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants, relating to the field of wastewater treatment automatic control technology. The method includes: identifying the total reduction pressure of the first-stage deep-bed adsorption tower and the depth guarantee pressure of the second-stage deep-bed adsorption tower based on the correlation between the new pollutant's cascade penetration state and changes in the content of old pollutants and bed pressure difference; obtaining the two-stage adsorption load distribution state; arbitrating the operational risk of the two-stage adsorption load distribution state; determining the execution priority of online cleaning actions and tower switching actions based on the new pollutant's cascade penetration state; generating two-stage adsorption tower operation control commands; and driving the first-stage and second-stage deep-bed adsorption towers to perform cleaning switching and flow regulation through the two-stage adsorption tower operation control commands, while maintaining the secondary effluent meeting the target new pollutant emission limit, thus obtaining the adjusted two-stage adsorption tower operation state. This invention achieves the effects of improving the accuracy of penetration early warning and ensuring stable compliance of secondary effluent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automatic control technology for wastewater treatment, and in particular to a control method for a two-stage adsorption tower for removing new pollutants. Background Technology

[0002] As wastewater treatment requirements extend to the control of trace amounts of recalcitrant pollutants, the deep removal of new pollutants such as antibiotics, PPCPs, and PFOA has become an important direction in the field of water treatment process control. Two-stage deep bed adsorption towers can reduce the total amount of pollutants through the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower and ensure deep removal through the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower, thereby improving the stability of new pollutant removal. However, in actual operation, the concentration of new pollutants is low and they are easily affected by competitive adsorption of old pollutants such as COD. Relying solely on effluent concentration, operating time, or bed pressure difference for process control makes it difficult to identify the stepwise penetration trend of new pollutants from the first-stage influent to the second-stage effluent in a timely manner.

[0003] Existing two-stage adsorption tower process control methods typically rely on periodic cleaning, periodic tower replacement, or end-effect effluent exceeding limit alarms. These methods lack continuous assessment of the concentration decay process of new target pollutants in the same water sample migration chain and make it difficult to distinguish between the total reduction pressure of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower and the depth guarantee pressure of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower. When the safety margin of the second-stage effluent has already shrunk, if online cleaning is still triggered by conventional pressure differential, it may cause a short-term decrease in adsorption capacity and increase the risk of breakthrough. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, this invention provides a two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants, which solves the problems of untimely identification of new pollutant cascade penetration, unclear distribution of adsorption load between the two stages, and the increased risk of penetration due to cleaning and tower replacement operations in the existing two-stage adsorption tower process control.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants, comprising: collecting operational data of the wastewater to be treated and the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers, performing time alignment and anomaly removal, generating a real-time operational dataset of the two-stage adsorption towers; continuously comparing the concentration decay trend of the target new pollutant from the primary influent to the secondary effluent using the real-time operational dataset, and determining the secondary effluent safety space in conjunction with the emission limit of the target new pollutant to form a cascaded penetration state of the new pollutant; identifying the total reduction pressure of the primary deep bed adsorption tower and the depth guarantee pressure of the secondary deep bed adsorption tower based on the correlation between the cascaded penetration state of the new pollutant and the changes in bed pressure difference, thereby obtaining the two-stage adsorption load distribution state; and allocating the two-stage adsorption loads accordingly. The system arbitrates operational risks based on the status of the new pollutants and determines the execution priority of online cleaning and tower switching actions based on the cascade penetration status of the new pollutants, generating two-stage adsorption tower operation control commands. These commands drive the primary and secondary deep-bed adsorption towers to perform cleaning switching and flow regulation, ensuring the secondary effluent meets the target new pollutant emission limits, thus obtaining the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption towers. Using this adjusted operating status, the pollutant information for both the primary and secondary effluents is re-collected. The target new pollutant content in the secondary effluent is compared with the target new pollutant emission limits, and the pollutant reduction and recovery status of the primary and secondary deep-bed adsorption towers is verified, generating effluent compliance verification information.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants according to the present invention, the wastewater to be treated includes wastewater containing old pollutants and target new pollutants;

[0009] The old pollutants include conventional organic pollutants of the COD class;

[0010] The target new pollutants include antibiotics, PPCPs, and trace amounts of PFOA-type recalcitrant pollutants.

[0011] The operating data of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower includes the operating time of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower, the operating time of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower, the influent flow rate, the bed pressure difference, the online cleaning status, the pollutant information of the first-stage effluent, and the pollutant information of the second-stage effluent.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants according to the present invention, the specific steps for generating the real-time operation dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower are as follows:

[0013] Data on the operation of the wastewater to be treated and the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers were collected and aggregated according to the collection time and location. The migration time of the water sample in the first-stage and second-stage deep bed adsorption towers was determined based on the influent flow rate and the effective packing volume of the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers, thus obtaining the hydraulic migration time benchmark.

[0014] Using a hydraulic migration time reference, pollutant information from different sampling locations is aligned with the same water sample migration chain. Pollutant information and operating status information corresponding to the cleaning disturbance stage and the switching disturbance stage are removed. Then, the retained pollutant information and operating status information are identified for abnormal deviations and their consistency with adsorption attenuation is checked and credible marking is performed to generate a real-time operating dataset of two-stage adsorption towers.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants according to the present invention, the specific steps for forming a stepwise breakthrough state of new pollutants are as follows:

[0016] Extract the hydraulic migration alignment content of the target new pollutant in the same water sample migration chain at the first-stage inlet, first-stage outlet, and second-stage outlet from the real-time operation dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower, and establish a pollutant trajectory index according to the type of the target new pollutant to obtain the cascade penetration calculation task;

[0017] The cascade penetration calculation task extracts continuous operation segments from historical operation records where the secondary effluent consistently meets standards and the bed pressure difference remains stable. The corresponding concentration decrease curves are extracted according to the water sample migration sequence from the primary inlet to the primary outlet and then to the secondary outlet to construct a historical steady-state penetration template. The current target new pollutant concentration curve is then morphologically matched with the historical steady-state penetration template along the same migration sequence to identify the degree of deviation of the current concentration decrease process from the normal adsorption process, thus obtaining the current cascade attenuation trajectory.

[0018] Based on the current cascade attenuation trajectory, check whether the target new pollutant is still being continuously reduced along the descending segment from the primary effluent end to the secondary effluent end. If the content at the secondary effluent end approaches the emission limit of the target new pollutant and the descending segment becomes gentler, then compress the safety space of the secondary effluent and mark it as an increased risk of penetration. If the descending segment remains stable and the content at the secondary effluent end is far away from the emission limit of the target new pollutant, then maintain the safety space of the secondary effluent and write the safety space of the secondary effluent into the current cascade attenuation trajectory to form a cascade penetration state of the new pollutant.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants according to the present invention, the specific steps for obtaining the two-stage adsorption load distribution state are as follows:

[0020] Based on the cascade penetration state of new pollutants, the period when the safety space of the secondary effluent begins to shrink is selected as the load accounting period. During the load accounting period, the curves of the old pollutant content change and the pressure difference change curve of the primary deep bed adsorption tower bed are continuously read. If the old pollutant content curve first shows a continuous rise, and the pressure difference curve of the primary deep bed adsorption tower bed rises accordingly during the same load accounting period, and the decrease in the target new pollutant at the primary effluent end decreases, it is determined that the impact of old pollutants is superimposed on the decrease in bed permeability, forming a total reduction disturbance record.

[0021] Based on the total reduction disturbance record, we continue to check whether the safety space of the secondary effluent continues to shrink and whether the descent section of the target new pollutants from the primary effluent end to the secondary effluent end slows down. If the safety space of the secondary effluent continues to shrink and the descent section of the target new pollutants slows down synchronously, a deep protection disturbance record is formed. Combined with the total reduction disturbance record, we compare the degree to which the primary deep bed adsorption tower is subjected to the impact of old pollutants and the degree to which the secondary deep bed adsorption tower is subjected to the deep adsorption consumption to obtain the load distribution offset value of the two stages.

[0022] By using the two-stage load distribution offset values ​​to read the total reduction disturbance record and the depth guarantee disturbance record, when the content of old pollutants in the total reduction disturbance record continues to increase, the bed pressure difference of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower continues to increase, and the decrease in the target new pollutant at the first-stage effluent end decreases, the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower is classified as the first-stage main pressure state; when the safety space of the second-stage effluent in the depth guarantee disturbance record continues to shrink and the decrease in the target new pollutant from the first-stage effluent end to the second-stage effluent end continues to slow down, the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower is classified as the second-stage main pressure state; when neither the total reduction disturbance record nor the depth guarantee disturbance record reaches the condition of continuous enhancement, the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower is classified as the dual-tower equilibrium state, forming a two-stage adsorption load distribution state.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in this invention, the operational risk arbitration of the two-stage adsorption load distribution state refers to reading the corresponding new pollutant cascade penetration state based on the two-stage adsorption load distribution state, mapping the primary main pressure state, the secondary main pressure state, and the dual-tower equilibrium state to the operational scenario to be arbitrated, and verifying the secondary effluent safety space; when the secondary effluent safety space does not shrink within a continuous judgment period, and the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end is lower than the target new pollutant emission limit, the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state is written into the online cleaning candidate action; when the secondary effluent safety space continues to shrink, and the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end approaches the target new pollutant emission limit, the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state is written into the tower replacement candidate action; when the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers are in the dual-tower equilibrium state and the secondary effluent safety space is stable, the maintenance operation is written into the candidate action, forming a safety barrier constraint action ledger.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants according to the present invention, the specific steps for generating the two-stage adsorption tower operation control command are as follows:

[0025] Based on the safety barrier constraint action ledger, the deviation of the bed pressure differential increase from the allowable pressure differential increase benchmark is determined as the online cleaning demand intensity. The remaining safe distance and continuous approach trend of the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end relative to the target new pollutant emission limit are determined as the tower replacement demand intensity. An arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement is calculated based on the online cleaning demand intensity and the tower replacement demand intensity. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement indicates online cleaning priority and the secondary effluent safety margin remains sufficient, the online cleaning action is prioritized over the tower replacement action. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement indicates tower replacement priority and the target new pollutant content in the secondary effluent continues to approach the target new pollutant emission limit, the tower replacement action is prioritized over the online cleaning action. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement does not meet the cleaning priority and tower replacement priority conditions, the influent flow rate reduction action is inserted into the execution sequence to generate an action priority sequence.

[0026] Based on the action priority sequence, the first action is bound to the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower, priority execution conditions, secondary effluent safety space, and post-execution verification requirements to generate two-stage adsorption tower operation control instructions.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants according to the present invention, the specific steps for obtaining the adjusted operating state of the two-stage adsorption tower are as follows:

[0028] Based on the two-stage adsorption tower operation control instructions, determine the control actions to be executed and the corresponding deep bed adsorption towers. Before the actions are executed, check the safety margin between the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent and the target new pollutant emission limit. When the safety margin meets the priority execution conditions, reduce the influent flow rate according to the preset reduction range, control the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers to enter a low-impact operation state, and form a pre-stable execution state after the secondary effluent maintains stable compliance.

[0029] Based on the pre-stable execution state, the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower is controlled to perform online cleaning, tower switching, and inlet flow rate adjustment according to the two-stage adsorption tower operation control instructions. During the execution process, the safety margin of the secondary effluent is continuously checked. When the safety margin of the secondary effluent meets the post-execution check requirements, the inlet flow rate is gradually restored, and the tower connection relationship, inlet flow rate, cleaning completion mark, tower switching completion mark, and secondary effluent safety space are written into the operation status record to obtain the adjusted operation status of the two-stage adsorption tower.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants described in this invention, the step of re-collecting primary and secondary effluent pollutant information using the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption towers, and comparing the target new pollutant content in the secondary effluent with the target new pollutant emission limit, includes the following specific steps:

[0031] Based on the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption towers, the time period for re-verification was determined, and information on primary and secondary effluent pollutants was re-collected to obtain the adjusted effluent pollutant collection information.

[0032] The content of new secondary pollutants in the effluent is extracted from the adjusted effluent pollutant collection information and continuously compared with the emission limits of the new target pollutants to obtain the effluent limit comparison status.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants according to the present invention, the specific steps for generating effluent compliance verification information are as follows:

[0034] By comparing the effluent limit status, the information on primary effluent pollutants is compared with the baseline of primary effluent pollutants before adjustment, and the information on primary effluent pollutants and secondary effluent pollutants is migrated and matched to obtain the reduction and recovery status of the two levels of pollutants.

[0035] Based on the two-level pollutant reduction and recovery status, it is verified whether the content of the target new pollutants in the secondary effluent continues to be lower than the target new pollutant emission limit, and whether the pollutant reduction of the primary deep bed adsorption tower and the secondary deep bed adsorption tower has recovered to the reduction and recovery judgment range, thus forming effluent compliance verification information.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By aligning the new pollutant content at the three-stage sampling points along the same water sample migration chain and matching the current concentration curve with the historical steady-state penetration template, the continuous attenuation process control and penetration trend identification of the target new pollutant from the primary deep bed adsorption tower to the secondary deep bed adsorption tower discharge are achieved, thereby improving the accuracy of penetration early warning and ensuring stable compliance of the secondary effluent. By linking the pending arbitration operation scenario with the secondary effluent safety space to determine the execution priority of cleaning, tower replacement, and flow rate reduction, the process control of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower no longer relies solely on operating time and bed pressure difference triggering, thereby improving the stability of the coordinated control of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower, reducing the risk of effluent exceeding standards, and reducing unnecessary tower replacement and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 A flowchart of a two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants.

[0039] Figure 2 A flowchart for generating the migration chain and cascade penetration state of the same water sample.

[0040] Figure 3 The flowchart for the safety barrier constraint action ledger and cleaning tower replacement arbitration.

[0041] Figure 4 The flowchart for re-verifying the closed loop to ensure the adjusted effluent meets the standards.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the change in the safety space of the secondary effluent.

[0043] Figure 6 The graph shows the change in the reduction and recovery rate of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0046] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0047] Reference Figures 1-6 As one embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1. Collect the operating data of the wastewater to be treated and the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower, and perform time alignment and anomaly removal to generate a real-time operating dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower. Use the real-time operating dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower to continuously compare the concentration decay trend of the target new pollutant from the first-stage inlet to the second-stage outlet. Combine the target new pollutant emission limit to determine the safety space of the second-stage outlet and form the new pollutant cascade penetration state.

[0049] When collecting data on the wastewater to be treated and the operation of the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers, an inlet sampling point is set up on the inlet pipeline of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower, a first-stage effluent sampling point is set up on the outlet pipeline of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower, and a second-stage effluent sampling point is set up on the outlet pipeline of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower. Wastewater to be treated is periodically sampled at the inlet sampling point via an online sampling pipeline. The content of old pollutants is obtained by an online COD detection device, and the content of new target pollutants is obtained by an automatic sampling enrichment device in conjunction with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The first-stage and second-stage effluent sampling points use the same sampling method to obtain pollutant information for the first-stage and second-stage effluents, respectively. The operating time of the first-stage and second-stage deep bed adsorption towers is determined by the corresponding deep bed... The operating time was recorded after the adsorption tower started adsorption operation. The influent flow rate was continuously collected by the electromagnetic flow meter on the influent main pipeline. The bed pressure difference was obtained by converting the pressure detection values ​​on the influent side and the pressure detection values ​​on the effluent side of the deep bed adsorption tower. The online cleaning status was jointly confirmed by the start / stop status of the cleaning pump, the opening status of the cleaning valve, and the flow status of the cleaning water. Each collected item was recorded synchronously with the collection time and location. Then, the data were collected into the same operating batch according to the collection time and location. Subsequently, the collected influent flow rate was read and combined with the effective packing volume of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower and the effective packing volume of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower to determine the migration time of the water sample in the first-stage and second-stage deep bed adsorption towers, thus obtaining the hydraulic migration time benchmark.

[0050] It should be noted that the two-stage adsorption tower includes a primary deep-bed adsorption tower and a secondary deep-bed adsorption tower.

[0051] Using the hydraulic migration timeline as the basis for sampling time tracing, the sampling time of the secondary effluent sampling point is first used as a reference to match the sampling time of the same water sample arriving at the primary effluent end in the primary effluent sampling point. Then, the sampling time of the same water sample entering the primary deep bed adsorption tower in the influent sampling point is matched backward. The pollutant information corresponding to the influent sampling point, primary effluent sampling point, and secondary effluent sampling point is organized into the same water sample migration chain. Within the same water sample migration chain, the cleaning disturbance stage is identified according to the online cleaning status, specifically based on the cleaning pump start signal, cleaning valve opening signal, and cleaning water flow status as the judgment criteria, and the cleaning pump is started to... The sampling period after the cleaning water flow returns to a state of no flow is marked as the cleaning disturbance stage. The switching disturbance stage is identified based on the switching status of the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers. Specifically, the changes in the inlet and outlet water paths of the deep bed adsorption towers, the access of the backup deep bed adsorption tower, and the withdrawal of the original deep bed adsorption tower are used as the criteria. The sampling period after the inlet and outlet water paths begin to change until the tower connection relationship stabilizes and the inlet water flow returns to a stable state is marked as the switching disturbance stage. The pollutant information and operating status information corresponding to the cleaning disturbance stage and the switching disturbance stage are removed from the same water sample migration chain, and the pollutant information and operating status information corresponding to the stable adsorption operation stage are retained.

[0052] When identifying abnormal deviations in the retained pollutant information and operational status information, the pollutant information and operational status information are checked for sudden increases, decreases, and jumps that do not conform to the operational change pattern, based on the continuous changes at adjacent sampling times at the same sampling location. After identifying abnormal deviations, the content of the target new pollutant is checked to ensure a reasonable decrease from the first-stage inlet to the first-stage outlet and then to the second-stage outlet, according to the same water sample migration chain. The changes in the content of the old pollutant and the changes in bed pressure difference are also checked to ensure that they correspond to the stable adsorption operation process. The pollutant information and operational status information that have been verified by the consistency of abnormal deviation identification and adsorption attenuation are written into a reliable tag and organized according to the sampling time, sampling location, and the same water sample migration chain to generate a real-time operation dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower.

[0053] It should be noted that the pollutant information includes the content of old pollutants, the content of target new pollutants, the pollutant information of primary effluent, and the pollutant information of secondary effluent, which are used to characterize the changes in pollutant concentration of the wastewater to be treated before and after the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower; the operating status information includes the operating time of the primary deep bed adsorption tower, the operating time of the secondary deep bed adsorption tower, the influent flow rate, the bed pressure difference, the online cleaning status, and the tower switching status, which are used to characterize the real-time operating conditions of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower.

[0054] From the real-time operation data of the two-stage adsorption tower, the collection records with reliable markers are searched according to the same water sample migration chain. The content of the target new pollutant at the first-stage inlet, first-stage outlet and second-stage outlet are read respectively. The content of the target new pollutant at the three sampling locations is arranged in the order of the water sample flowing through the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower and then through the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower to form the hydraulic migration aligned content of the target new pollutant.

[0055] When collecting hydraulic migration alignment content according to the types of trace recalcitrant pollutants such as antibiotics, PPCPs, and PFOA, a corresponding pollutant name record is first established for each target new pollutant. The hydraulic migration alignment content of the same target new pollutant at the first-stage inlet, first-stage outlet, and second-stage outlet is written into the corresponding pollutant name record according to the water sample flow sequence, so that each target new pollutant has a set of continuous trajectories that can reflect the concentration changes before and after the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower. Each set of continuous trajectories is bound with the collection time, collection location, and reliable marker to establish a pollutant trajectory index. The continuous trajectories of each target new pollutant in the pollutant trajectory index are summarized as the comparison objects, and the descending segment from the first-stage inlet to the first-stage outlet and the descending segment from the first-stage outlet to the second-stage outlet that need to be compared are marked, thus obtaining the cascade penetration calculation task.

[0056] Based on the target new pollutant types, the descent segments from the first-stage inlet to the first-stage outlet, the descent segments from the first-stage outlet to the second-stage outlet, the sampling time, the sampling location, and the reliable markers recorded in the cascade penetration calculation task, continuous operation segments with consistently compliant second-stage effluent and stable bed pressure differentials are extracted from historical operation records. Within these continuous operation segments, according to the water sample migration sequence from the first-stage inlet to the first-stage outlet and then to the second-stage outlet determined by the cascade penetration calculation task, the concentration decrease curves corresponding to the same target new pollutant at the three sampling locations are extracted. These concentration decrease curves are then grouped according to the target new pollutant type to construct a historical steady-state penetration template.

[0057] Based on the target new pollutant type and water sample migration sequence of the current comparison object in the cascade penetration calculation task, the hydraulic migration alignment content of the same target new pollutant at the first-stage inlet, first-stage outlet, and second-stage outlet within the current judgment period is first read, and then connected in the order from the first-stage inlet to the first-stage outlet and then to the second-stage outlet to form the current target new pollutant concentration curve. The normal concentration decline curve corresponding to the same target new pollutant type is retrieved from the historical steady-state penetration template, and the current target new pollutant concentration curve and the normal concentration decline curve are compared point by point at the same sampling location. It is checked whether the decline from the first-stage inlet to the first-stage outlet is less than the decline in the historical steady-state penetration template, whether the decline from the first-stage outlet to the second-stage outlet changes from a steep drop to a gradual drop, and whether the content at the second-stage outlet is continuously close to the target new pollutant emission limit. When the above deviations occur, the sampling location, direction, and degree of deviation are written into the current target new pollutant concentration curve to form the current cascade attenuation trajectory that can characterize the change of the current concentration decline process relative to the normal adsorption process.

[0058] It should be noted that the target new pollutant emission limit is the highest control concentration of the target new pollutant allowed to be reached in the secondary effluent, which is usually derived from industry emission requirements, environmental impact assessment approval requirements, and enterprise internal control emission targets; the exemplary value range can be set to ng / L to μg / L, of which PFOA can be set to no higher than 0.2 μg / L according to the high requirement scenario example; the historical steady-state breakthrough template is the reference data of the normal concentration decrease of the target new pollutant formed when the secondary effluent of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower continuously meets the standards and the bed pressure difference is stable.

[0059] Based on the current cascade attenuation trajectory, the hydraulic migration alignment content of the target new pollutant at both the primary and secondary effluent ends is read during the descent from the primary to the secondary effluent end. The change in content from the primary to the secondary effluent end is used as the measure of the continuous reduction of the target new pollutant by the secondary deep-bed adsorption tower. When the content at the secondary effluent end gradually increases compared to the previous judgment period and approaches the emission limit of the target new pollutant, while the descent from the primary to the secondary effluent end changes from a significant decrease to a slow decrease, it indicates that the deep adsorption capacity of the secondary deep-bed adsorption tower for the target new pollutant is weakening. At this point, the concentration of the target new pollutant should be reduced. The secondary effluent safety space is established, and a breakthrough risk increase marker is written into the current cascade attenuation trajectory. When the descent from the primary effluent end to the secondary effluent end remains stable, and the content at the secondary effluent end maintains a sufficient distance from the target new pollutant emission limit, it indicates that the secondary deep bed adsorption tower can still continuously reduce the target new pollutant. At this time, the secondary effluent safety space remains unchanged, and a safety space maintenance marker is written into the current cascade attenuation trajectory. The secondary effluent safety space, the breakthrough risk increase marker, or the safety space maintenance marker are bound to the current cascade attenuation trajectory to form a new pollutant cascade breakthrough state.

[0060] S2. Based on the correlation between the changes in the content of old pollutants and the changes in bed pressure difference in the cascade penetration state of new pollutants, the total reduction pressure of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower and the depth guarantee pressure of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower are identified, and the two-stage adsorption load distribution state is obtained.

[0061] Based on the cascade penetration status of new pollutants, the state changes of the secondary effluent safety space in the current cascade attenuation trajectory are read. The collection time when the secondary effluent safety space changes from being maintained to shrinking is determined as the starting point of the load accounting period. The collection time when the secondary effluent safety space continues to shrink and the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end continues to approach the target new pollutant emission limit is included in the load accounting period. Within the load accounting period, the curves of old pollutant content changes and the curves of pressure difference changes in the primary deep bed adsorption tower are continuously read according to the collection time. It is verified whether the old pollutant content increases continuously in adjacent collection times, and then the pressure difference in the primary deep bed adsorption tower is verified. After the content of old pollutants increases, the level of new pollutants decreases synchronously. At the same time, the decrease rate of target new pollutants from the first-stage inlet to the first-stage outlet is read and compared with the decrease rate of target new pollutants before the load sharing period. When the content of old pollutants increases continuously, the pressure difference of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower bed increases subsequently, and the decrease rate of target new pollutants from the first-stage inlet to the first-stage outlet decreases, it is determined that the impact of old pollutants and the decrease in bed permeability have a superimposed effect. The load sharing period, the process of increasing the content of old pollutants, the process of increasing the pressure difference of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower bed, and the process of decreasing the decrease rate of target new pollutants at the first-stage outlet are recorded in the total reduction disturbance record.

[0062] Based on the total reduction disturbance record, the corresponding load accounting period is read, and the changes in the secondary effluent safety space in the new pollutant cascade penetration state are continuously checked within the load accounting period. When the secondary effluent safety space continuously shrinks and the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end continues to approach the target new pollutant emission limit, the changes in the descending segment from the primary effluent end to the secondary effluent end in the current cascade attenuation trajectory are further read. If the descending segment of the target new pollutant from the primary effluent end to the secondary effluent end changes from a stable decrease to a slow decrease, and the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end fails to maintain a corresponding reduction with the change in the target new pollutant content at the primary effluent end, it is determined that the deep adsorption capacity of the secondary deep bed adsorption tower for the target new pollutant has been consumed, and the secondary effluent is discharged. The process of continuous shrinkage of the safety space, the process of slowing down the descent from the primary effluent to the secondary effluent, and the process of the target new pollutant content approaching the target new pollutant emission limit at the secondary effluent are recorded in the depth protection disturbance record. Combined with the total reduction disturbance record and the depth protection disturbance record, the degree of continuous increase in old pollutant content, the degree of sustained increase in bed pressure difference of the primary deep bed adsorption tower, the degree of reduction in the decrease of the target new pollutant at the primary effluent, the degree of sustained shrinkage of the safety space of the secondary effluent, the degree of slowing down of the target new pollutant descent, and the degree of approach of the target new pollutant to the emission limit are compared. Thus, the degree to which the primary deep bed adsorption tower is subjected to the impact of old pollutants and the degree to which the secondary deep bed adsorption tower is subjected to the consumption of deep adsorption are compared to obtain the load distribution offset value of the two stages.

[0063] After reading the total load reduction disturbance record and the depth assurance disturbance record using the two-stage load distribution offset value, it is determined whether the two-stage load distribution offset value is biased towards the primary deep bed adsorption tower or the secondary deep bed adsorption tower. When the two-stage load distribution offset value is biased towards the primary deep bed adsorption tower, and the content of old pollutants in the total load reduction disturbance record continues to increase during the continuous sampling period, the bed pressure difference of the primary deep bed adsorption tower continues to increase during the continuous sampling period, and the decrease in the target new pollutant at the primary effluent end continues to decrease compared to before the load distribution period, it indicates that the primary deep bed adsorption tower mainly bears the pressure of old pollutant impact and bed permeability decline, and the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower is classified as the primary main pressure state. When the two-stage load distribution offset value is biased towards the secondary deep bed adsorption tower, and the safety space of the secondary effluent in the depth assurance disturbance record continues to increase during the continuous sampling period, it indicates that the primary deep bed adsorption tower mainly bears the pressure of old pollutant impact and bed permeability decline, and the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower is classified as the primary main pressure state. When the descent of the target new pollutants from the primary effluent to the secondary effluent continuously slows down, it indicates that the secondary deep-bed adsorption tower mainly bears the pressure of deep adsorption consumption of the target new pollutants. The two-stage deep-bed adsorption tower is classified as a secondary main pressure state. When the content of old pollutants in the total reduction disturbance record increases, the pressure difference of the primary deep-bed adsorption tower bed increases, and the descent of the target new pollutants at the primary effluent decreases without forming a continuous enhancement, and at the same time, the descent of the secondary effluent safety space and the slowdown of the descent of the target new pollutants in the depth guarantee disturbance record do not form a continuous enhancement, it indicates that the two-stage deep-bed adsorption tower has not yet shown unilateral pressure dominance. The two-stage deep-bed adsorption tower is classified as a dual-tower equilibrium state, and the primary main pressure state, secondary main pressure state, or dual-tower equilibrium state is written into the same operation judgment record, forming a two-stage adsorption load distribution state.

[0064] It should be noted that the continuously amplifying condition refers to the consistent and continuously intensifying direction of key changes in the same disturbance record during continuous sampling time. This includes a continuous increase in the content of old pollutants, a continuous increase in bed pressure differential, a continuous decrease in the rate of decrease of target new pollutants, a continuous contraction of the safety space of secondary effluent, and a continuous slowing of the descent phase.

[0065] S3. Arbitrate the operational risk of the two-stage adsorption load distribution status, and determine the execution priority of online cleaning and tower switching actions based on the cascade penetration status of new pollutants, and generate two-stage adsorption tower operation control commands; drive the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower and the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower to perform cleaning switching and flow regulation through the two-stage adsorption tower operation control commands, and keep the second-stage effluent meeting the target new pollutant emission limit, and obtain the adjusted two-stage adsorption tower operation status.

[0066] When reading the corresponding new pollutant cascade penetration state based on the two-stage adsorption load distribution state, the arbitration operation scenario is determined according to the primary main pressure state, the secondary main pressure state, and the dual-tower equilibrium state. When the two-stage adsorption load distribution state is the primary main pressure state, the primary deep bed adsorption tower is taken as the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state. When the two-stage adsorption load distribution state is the secondary main pressure state, the secondary deep bed adsorption tower is taken as the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state. When the two-stage adsorption load distribution state is the dual-tower equilibrium state, both the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers are taken as stable operation objects. Subsequently, the secondary effluent safety space in the new pollutant cascade penetration state is checked. If the secondary effluent safety space does not shrink within the continuous judgment period, and the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end is lower than the target new pollutant discharge level, then the safety space is determined. If the current main pressure condition indicates that the deep bed adsorption tower has sufficient margin for online cleaning, then the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure condition will be added to the online cleaning candidate action. If the secondary effluent safety space continues to shrink and the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent end is close to the target new pollutant emission limit, it indicates that online cleaning may reduce the short-term adsorption guarantee capacity, and the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure condition will be added to the tower replacement candidate action. If the two deep bed adsorption towers are in a dual-tower equilibrium state and the secondary effluent safety space is stable, it indicates that the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers have not yet experienced dominant pressure, and maintaining operation will be added to the candidate action. The pending arbitration operation scenario, secondary effluent safety space, online cleaning candidate action, tower replacement candidate action, and maintaining operation candidate action will be recorded accordingly to form a safety barrier constraint action ledger.

[0067] It should be noted that a stable safety margin for secondary effluent means that the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent remains below the emission limit of the target new pollutant within a continuous judgment period, and the safety margin between the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent and the emission limit of the target new pollutant does not show a continuous decrease.

[0068] Based on the safety barrier constraint action ledger, the following information is retrieved: the deep bed adsorption tower, the increase in bed pressure difference, the allowable increase in pressure difference benchmark, the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent, the target new pollutant emission limit, and the secondary effluent safety space corresponding to the current main pressure state. The portion of the bed pressure difference increase exceeding the allowable increase in pressure difference benchmark is taken as the source of online cleaning demand. The closer the bed pressure difference increase is to and exceeds the allowable increase in pressure difference benchmark, the higher the intensity of online cleaning demand. The difference between the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent and the target new pollutant emission limit is taken as the remaining safety distance. Combined with the increase in the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent within the continuous judgment period, a continuous approach trend is determined. The smaller the remaining safety distance and the more obvious the continuous approach trend, the higher the tower replacement demand intensity. The intensity of online cleaning demand and tower replacement demand are then normalized and compared. When the intensity of online cleaning demand is dominant, the cleaning and tower replacement arbitration value points to online cleaning priority; when the intensity of tower replacement demand is dominant, the cleaning and tower replacement arbitration value points to tower replacement priority; when the two are close, the cleaning and tower replacement arbitration value remains in an intermediate state.

[0069] Based on the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement, and combined with the safety margin of the secondary effluent, the action sequence is arranged. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement indicates priority for online cleaning, and the safety margin of the secondary effluent remains sufficient, it indicates that the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state has a problem of accumulated bed pressure difference, and the secondary effluent still has a safety margin. Therefore, the online cleaning action is scheduled before the tower replacement action. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement indicates priority for tower replacement, and the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent end continues to approach the emission limit of the target new pollutant, it indicates that continuing online cleaning may reduce the short-term adsorption guarantee capacity. Therefore, the tower replacement action is scheduled before the online cleaning action. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement does not meet the conditions for priority for cleaning and priority for tower replacement, it indicates that the intensity of demand for online cleaning and the intensity of demand for tower replacement have not formed a clear dominant force. Therefore, the action of reducing the influent flow rate is inserted into the execution sequence to generate an action priority sequence.

[0070] It should be noted that the allowable differential pressure growth benchmark is the normal upper limit of bed differential pressure growth during the stable adsorption operation phase, which is obtained by statistically analyzing the bed differential pressure growth records of the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers during the stable adsorption operation phase. The cleaning priority condition is the criterion that the secondary effluent safety space is sufficient and the intensity of online cleaning demand is higher than the intensity of tower replacement demand, which is jointly determined by the bed differential pressure growth rate, the allowable differential pressure growth benchmark, and the secondary effluent safety space in the safety barrier constraint action ledger. The tower replacement priority condition is the criterion that the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent end continuously approaches the emission limit of the target new pollutant and the intensity of tower replacement demand is higher than the intensity of online cleaning demand, which is jointly determined by the remaining safety distance, the continuous approach trend, and the secondary effluent safety space in the safety barrier constraint action ledger.

[0071] The expression for calculating the arbitration value of the cleaning tower replacement is:

[0072] ;

[0073] in, Indicates the current determination time. The arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement is below; Indicates the current determination time; Indicates the current determination time. The increase in bed pressure difference in the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state; This indicates the allowable differential pressure increase benchmark; Represents a very small positive number; Indicates the current determination time. The target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent outlet; Indicates the target new pollutant emission limits; Indicates the interval between adjacent decision times; This indicates the content of new pollutants at the secondary effluent end at the previous judgment time.

[0074] Based on the action priority sequence, the first action in the sequence is read, and the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower that needs to be controlled is determined according to the first action. When the first action is an online cleaning action, the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower, cleaning priority conditions, secondary effluent safety space, and the target new pollutant content of the secondary effluent that needs to be checked after cleaning are bound together. When the first action is a tower replacement action, the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower, tower replacement priority conditions, secondary effluent safety space, and the target new pollutant content of the secondary effluent that needs to be checked after tower replacement are bound together. When the first action is an influent flow rate reduction action, the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers, flow rate reduction execution conditions, secondary effluent safety space, and the target new pollutant content of the secondary effluent that needs to be checked after flow rate adjustment are bound together. After the binding is completed, the execution object, triggering basis, safety constraints, and post-execution verification requirements of the first action are organized into control content that can be issued, and the two-stage adsorption tower operation control instructions are generated.

[0075] It should be noted that the post-implementation verification requirements include the following: the content of the target new pollutants in the secondary effluent remains continuously lower than the target new pollutant emission limit; the safety space of the secondary effluent remains stable; the bed pressure difference does not show an abnormal increase; and the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower pollutant reduction and recovery to the reduction and recovery judgment range are verified. The priority implementation conditions refer to the judgment requirements for allowing the first action to enter actual implementation, which are jointly determined based on the cleaning and tower replacement arbitration value, the safety space of the secondary effluent, and the target new pollutant emission limit.

[0076] like Figure 5The graph shows the variation of the safety space of the secondary effluent under different control methods. The horizontal axis represents the data acquisition time, and the vertical axis represents the safety space of the secondary effluent. The graph also shows the operating time triggering strategy, the bed pressure difference triggering strategy, the method of this invention, and the reference line where the safety space is zero. As can be seen from the graph, the operating time triggering strategy is prone to the secondary effluent safety space falling below zero during the influent impact and adsorption capacity decay stages, indicating that simply relying on operating time triggering control is insufficient to respond in time to the risk of cascade penetration of new target pollutants. Although the bed pressure difference triggering strategy can improve the safety space to some extent, there are still fluctuations close to zero or even short-term deficiencies. In contrast, the method of this invention determines the online cleaning action, tower replacement action, and influent flow rate reduction action by linking the cascade penetration state of new pollutants, the safety space of the secondary effluent, and the arbitration value of cleaning and tower replacement. This keeps the safety space of the secondary effluent positive and relatively stable within the local amplification range, indicating that this invention can intervene in advance before the secondary effluent exceeds the limit, thereby reducing the risk of effluent exceeding the standard and ensuring that the secondary effluent meets the standard stably.

[0077] Based on the two-stage adsorption tower operation control commands, the first action in the action priority sequence is read, and the control action to be executed and the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower are determined according to the first action. When the first action is an online cleaning action, the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state is identified as the online cleaning target. When the first action is a tower replacement action, the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state is identified as the tower to be replaced. When the first action is an influent flow rate reduction action, both the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers are identified as flow rate adjustment targets. After the control action to be executed and the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower are determined, the target new pollutant content and target new pollutant emission limit at the secondary effluent end are read. The difference between the target new pollutant emission limit and the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end is taken as a safety margin, and the safety margin is checked against the priority execution conditions.

[0078] When the safety margin meets the priority execution conditions, the influent flow rate is gradually reduced according to the preset reduction range in the two-stage adsorption tower operation control command, while maintaining the stability of the series adsorption path of the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers. This prolongs the residence time of the water sample in the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers and reduces the hydraulic impact within the towers, controlling the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers to enter a low-impact operation state. Under the low-impact operation state, the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent is continuously collected, and the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent is continuously compared with the target new pollutant emission limit until the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent is continuously lower than the target new pollutant emission limit and the change tends to be stable, forming a pre-stable execution state.

[0079] It should be noted that the reduction range is determined based on the difference between the lowest stable flow rate corresponding to the historical compliant operation phase of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower and the current influent flow rate, and the reduction range is selected to maintain continuous adsorption without triggering the flow fluctuation alarm.

[0080] Based on the pre-stabilized execution state, confirm that the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end remains consistently below the target new pollutant emission limit, and read the control actions and corresponding deep bed adsorption towers determined in the two-stage adsorption tower operation control commands; when the control action is an online cleaning action, keep the uncleaned deep bed adsorption tower in continuous adsorption state, start the cleaning pump and open the cleaning valve for the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower, complete the cleaning process according to the influent flow rate under low-impact operation state, and close the cleaning valve and cleaning pump after cleaning is completed; when the control action is a tower switching action, connect the standby deep bed adsorption tower to the adsorption path and maintain a low flow rate, then gradually withdraw the deep bed adsorption tower to be switched until the tower connection relationship is stable; when the control action is an online cleaning action, keep the uncleaned deep bed adsorption tower connected ...-impact adsorption state, then gradually withdraw the deep bed adsorption tower to be switched until the deep bed adsorption tower connection relationship is stable. When adjusting the influent flow rate, the influent flow rate is adjusted according to the two-stage adsorption tower operation control commands, while maintaining the stability of the series adsorption path between the first-stage and second-stage deep-bed adsorption towers. During the above execution process, the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent end is continuously collected, and the difference between the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent end and the emission limit of the target new pollutant is used as the safety margin of the secondary effluent for verification. When the safety margin of the secondary effluent meets the verification requirements after execution, the influent flow rate is gradually restored in a small increment, and the tower connection relationship, influent flow rate, cleaning completion mark, tower replacement completion mark, and secondary effluent safety space are written into the operation status record to obtain the operation status of the two-stage adsorption towers after adjustment.

[0081] S4. Using the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption towers, re-collect the pollutant information of the primary and secondary effluents, compare the target new pollutant content in the secondary effluent with the target new pollutant emission limit, and verify the pollutant reduction and recovery status of the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers to form effluent compliance verification information.

[0082] Based on the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption towers, the tower connection relationship, influent flow rate, cleaning completion mark, tower replacement completion mark, and secondary effluent safety space in the operating status record are read to confirm that the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers have restored their series adsorption paths. The sampling time corresponding to the cleaning completion mark or tower replacement completion mark is used as the starting reference for the re-verification period. Combining the current influent flow rate and the effective packing volume of the secondary deep bed adsorption tower, the migration time required for the water sample to enter the secondary deep bed adsorption tower from the primary effluent end and reach the secondary effluent end is determined. The continuous sampling period after the migration time ends is determined as the re-verification period. During the re-verification period, primary effluent pollutant information is re-collected through the primary effluent sampling point, and secondary effluent pollutant information is re-collected through the secondary effluent sampling point. The corresponding sampling time, sampling location, and influent flow rate are recorded simultaneously. The primary and secondary effluent pollutant information is collected and organized according to the sampling time to obtain the adjusted effluent pollutant collection information.

[0083] From the adjusted effluent pollutant collection information, secondary effluent pollutant information corresponding to secondary effluent sampling points is filtered according to the collection location. The content of the new target pollutants in the secondary effluent pollutant information is then read sequentially according to the collection time. The content of the new target pollutants in the secondary effluent is compared with the corresponding emission limits for each new target pollutant. During the comparison, it is determined whether the content of the new target pollutants in the secondary effluent at each collection time is lower than the emission limit for the new target pollutants. Furthermore, it is verified whether the content of the new target pollutants in the secondary effluent between adjacent collection times continuously approaches the emission limit for the new target pollutants. When the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent is consistently lower than the emission limit of the target new pollutant and does not show a continuous trend of approaching the limit, it is recorded as a stable compliance status. When the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent is lower than the emission limit of the target new pollutant but continuously approaches the emission limit of the target new pollutant, it is recorded as a limit approaching status. When the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent reaches or exceeds the emission limit of the target new pollutant, it is recorded as a limit abnormal status. The collection time, the type of target new pollutant, the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent, the emission limit of the target new pollutant, and the corresponding status are collected to form an effluent limit comparison status.

[0084] Using the collection time, target new pollutant type, and secondary effluent compliance status recorded in the effluent limit comparison status, the primary effluent pollutant information within the same regression verification period is read, and the old pollutant content and target new pollutant content in the primary effluent pollutant information are compared with the primary effluent pollutant baseline before adjustment time step by step. When the deviation of the primary effluent pollutant information from the primary effluent pollutant baseline before adjustment gradually decreases, it indicates that the pollutant reduction capacity of the primary deep bed adsorption tower is recovering. After completing the primary effluent pollutant information comparison, the collection time of the primary effluent pollutant information is postponed to the corresponding collection time at the secondary effluent end according to the hydraulic migration time benchmark, so that the same water sample at the same time... The changes in pollutants at the primary and secondary effluent outlets establish a migration correspondence. Then, the content of the target new pollutants between the primary and secondary effluent pollutant information is checked to see if it continues to decrease. Combined with the effluent limit comparison status, it is determined whether the content of the target new pollutants in the secondary effluent remains below the target new pollutant emission limit. If the primary effluent pollutant information tends to recover relative to the pre-adjustment primary effluent pollutant baseline, and the secondary effluent pollutant information continues to decrease relative to the primary effluent pollutant information, then the reduction and recovery status of the primary deep bed adsorption tower, the reduction and recovery status of the secondary deep bed adsorption tower, and the corresponding collection time are collected to obtain the reduction and recovery status of the two levels of pollutants.

[0085] Based on the two-stage pollutant reduction and recovery status, the reduction and recovery status of the primary and secondary deep-bed adsorption towers, along with the effluent limit comparison status, are read according to the collection time. The effluent limit comparison status is then checked to verify whether the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent is continuously lower than the target new pollutant emission limit during the re-verification period. Furthermore, it is verified whether the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent has not reached a limit-close state or a limit-abnormal state. If the content of the target new pollutant in the secondary effluent meets the continuous compliance requirement, the reduction and recovery status of the primary deep-bed adsorption tower is compared with the reduction and recovery judgment interval to confirm the primary effluent pollutant information. The deviation from the pre-adjustment primary effluent pollutant benchmark has fallen back into the reduction and recovery judgment range. By comparing the reduction and recovery status of the secondary deep bed adsorption tower with the reduction and recovery judgment range, it is confirmed that the reduction range of the target new pollutant content between the primary and secondary effluent pollutant information has rebounded to the reduction and recovery judgment range. The verification content of the secondary effluent target new pollutant content continuously being lower than the target new pollutant emission limit, the pollutant reduction and recovery content of the primary deep bed adsorption tower, the pollutant reduction and recovery content of the secondary deep bed adsorption tower, the corresponding collection time and the return verification period are collected to form effluent compliance verification information.

[0086] It should be noted that the reduction and recovery judgment range is the allowable range used to determine whether the pollutant reduction capacity of the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers has returned to normal. It can be obtained by statistical analysis of the primary effluent pollutant information, secondary effluent pollutant information, and the reduction rate of the target new pollutants during the stable and compliant operation phase before adjustment.

[0087] like Figure 6 The graph shows the change in the reduction and recovery rate of the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers, illustrating the pollutant reduction and recovery status of the first and second-stage deep bed adsorption towers after the control action was executed. The horizontal axis represents the data collection time, and the vertical axis represents the reduction and recovery rate. The graph shows the reduction and recovery rate of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower, the reduction and recovery rate of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower, and the lower limit of the reduction and recovery judgment interval. As can be seen from the graph, the reduction and recovery rate of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower can reflect the impact of the impact of old pollutants and the decrease in bed permeability on the total reduction capacity, while the reduction and recovery rate of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower can reflect the recovery of the deep adsorption capacity of the target new pollutants. By comparing the reduction and recovery rates of the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers with the lower limit of the reduction and recovery judgment interval, it is possible to intuitively see whether the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower has truly recovered its pollutant reduction capacity after the control action was executed, rather than relying solely on the instantaneous compliance of the secondary effluent. This graph can support the present invention to continue to perform regression verification under the adjusted operating state of the two-stage adsorption towers and form effluent compliance verification information.

[0088] In summary, this invention achieves continuous attenuation control and penetration trend identification of the target new pollutant from the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower to the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower by aligning the new pollutant content at the three-stage sampling points along the same water sample migration chain and matching the current concentration curve with the historical steady-state penetration template. This improves the accuracy of penetration early warning and ensures stable compliance of the second-stage effluent. Furthermore, by linking the pending arbitration operation scenario with the second-stage effluent safety space to determine the execution priority of cleaning, tower replacement, and flow rate reduction, the process control of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower no longer relies solely on operating time and bed pressure difference triggering. This improves the stability of the coordinated control of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower, reduces the risk of effluent exceeding standards, and minimizes unnecessary tower replacement and maintenance.

[0089] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a two-stage adsorption tower for removing new pollutants, characterized in that, include: The operation data of the wastewater to be treated and the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower are collected and time-aligned and anomalies are removed to generate a real-time operation dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower. The concentration decay trend of the target new pollutant from the first-stage inlet to the second-stage outlet is continuously compared using the real-time operation dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower. The safety space of the second-stage outlet is determined by combining the emission limit of the target new pollutant and the new pollutant cascade penetration state is formed. Based on the correlation between the changes in the content of old pollutants and the changes in bed pressure difference in the cascade penetration state of new pollutants, the total reduction pressure of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower and the depth guarantee pressure of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower are identified, and the two-stage adsorption load distribution state is obtained. The operation risk arbitration of the two-stage adsorption load distribution status is carried out, and the execution priority of online cleaning action and tower switching action is determined by combining the new pollutant cascade penetration status, and the operation control command of the two-stage adsorption tower is generated. The two-stage adsorption tower operation control command drives the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower and the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower to perform cleaning switching and flow regulation, and maintains the second-stage effluent to meet the target new pollutant emission limit, thus obtaining the adjusted operation status of the two-stage adsorption tower. Using the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption towers, information on pollutants in the primary and secondary effluent was re-collected. The content of the target new pollutants in the secondary effluent was compared with the emission limits of the target new pollutants. The pollutant reduction and recovery status of the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers was also verified to form effluent compliance verification information.

2. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wastewater to be treated includes wastewater containing both old pollutants and the target new pollutant; The old pollutants include conventional organic pollutants of the COD class; The target new pollutants include antibiotics, PPCPs, and trace amounts of PFOA-type recalcitrant pollutants. The operating data of the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower includes the operating time of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower, the operating time of the second-stage deep bed adsorption tower, the influent flow rate, the bed pressure difference, the online cleaning status, the pollutant information of the first-stage effluent, and the pollutant information of the second-stage effluent.

3. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for generating the real-time operational dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower are as follows: Data on the operation of the wastewater to be treated and the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers were collected and aggregated according to the collection time and location. The migration time of the water sample in the first-stage and second-stage deep bed adsorption towers was determined based on the influent flow rate and the effective packing volume of the two-stage deep bed adsorption towers, thus obtaining the hydraulic migration time benchmark. Using a hydraulic migration time reference, pollutant information from different sampling locations is aligned with the same water sample migration chain. Pollutant information and operating status information corresponding to the cleaning disturbance stage and the switching disturbance stage are removed. Then, the retained pollutant information and operating status information are identified for abnormal deviations and their consistency with adsorption attenuation is checked and credible marking is performed to generate a real-time operating dataset of two-stage adsorption towers.

4. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for forming a tiered penetration state of new pollutants are as follows: Extract the hydraulic migration alignment content of the target new pollutant in the same water sample migration chain at the first-stage inlet, first-stage outlet, and second-stage outlet from the real-time operation dataset of the two-stage adsorption tower, and establish a pollutant trajectory index according to the type of the target new pollutant to obtain the cascade penetration calculation task; The cascade penetration calculation task extracts continuous operation segments from historical operation records where the secondary effluent consistently meets standards and the bed pressure difference remains stable. The corresponding concentration decrease curves are extracted according to the water sample migration sequence from the primary inlet to the primary outlet and then to the secondary outlet to construct a historical steady-state penetration template. The current target new pollutant concentration curve is then morphologically matched with the historical steady-state penetration template along the same migration sequence to identify the degree of deviation of the current concentration decrease process from the normal adsorption process, thus obtaining the current cascade attenuation trajectory. Based on the current cascade attenuation trajectory, check whether the target new pollutant is still being continuously reduced along the descending segment from the primary effluent end to the secondary effluent end. If the content at the secondary effluent end approaches the emission limit of the target new pollutant and the descending segment becomes gentler, then compress the safety space of the secondary effluent and mark it as an increased risk of penetration. If the descending segment remains stable and the content at the secondary effluent end is far away from the emission limit of the target new pollutant, then maintain the safety space of the secondary effluent and write the safety space of the secondary effluent into the current cascade attenuation trajectory to form a cascade penetration state of the new pollutant.

5. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The specific steps to obtain the two-stage adsorption load distribution state are as follows: Based on the cascade penetration state of new pollutants, the period when the safety space of the secondary effluent begins to shrink is selected as the load accounting period. During the load accounting period, the curves of the old pollutant content change and the pressure difference change curve of the primary deep bed adsorption tower bed are continuously read. If the old pollutant content curve first shows a continuous rise, and the pressure difference curve of the primary deep bed adsorption tower bed rises accordingly during the same load accounting period, and the decrease in the target new pollutant at the primary effluent end decreases, it is determined that the impact of old pollutants is superimposed on the decrease in bed permeability, forming a total reduction disturbance record. Based on the total reduction disturbance record, we continue to check whether the safety space of the secondary effluent continues to shrink and whether the descent section of the target new pollutants from the primary effluent end to the secondary effluent end slows down. If the safety space of the secondary effluent continues to shrink and the descent section of the target new pollutants slows down synchronously, a deep protection disturbance record is formed. Combined with the total reduction disturbance record, we compare the degree to which the primary deep bed adsorption tower is subjected to the impact of old pollutants and the degree to which the secondary deep bed adsorption tower is subjected to the deep adsorption consumption to obtain the load distribution offset value of the two stages. By using the two-stage load distribution offset values ​​to read the total reduction disturbance record and the depth guarantee disturbance record, when the content of old pollutants in the total reduction disturbance record continues to increase, the bed pressure difference of the first-stage deep bed adsorption tower continues to increase, and the decrease in the target new pollutant at the first-stage effluent end decreases, the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower is classified as the first-stage main pressure state; when the safety space of the second-stage effluent in the depth guarantee disturbance record continues to shrink and the decrease in the target new pollutant from the first-stage effluent end to the second-stage effluent end continues to slow down, the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower is classified as the second-stage main pressure state; when neither the total reduction disturbance record nor the depth guarantee disturbance record reaches the condition of continuous enhancement, the two-stage deep bed adsorption tower is classified as the dual-tower equilibrium state, forming a two-stage adsorption load distribution state.

6. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned operational risk arbitration of the two-stage adsorption load distribution state refers to reading the corresponding new pollutant cascade penetration state based on the two-stage adsorption load distribution state, mapping the primary main pressure state, secondary main pressure state, and dual-tower equilibrium state to the operational scenario to be arbitrated, and verifying the secondary effluent safety space. When the safety space of the secondary effluent does not shrink within the continuous judgment period, and the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent is lower than the emission limit of the target new pollutant, the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state is written into the online cleaning candidate action; when the safety space of the secondary effluent continues to shrink, and the content of the target new pollutant at the secondary effluent approaches the emission limit of the target new pollutant, the deep bed adsorption tower corresponding to the current main pressure state is written into the tower replacement candidate action; when the two deep bed adsorption towers are in a dual-tower equilibrium state and the safety space of the secondary effluent is stable, the maintenance operation is written into the candidate action, forming a safety barrier constraint action ledger.

7. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps for generating the two-stage adsorption tower operation control command are as follows: Based on the safety barrier constraint action ledger, the deviation of the bed pressure differential increase from the allowable pressure differential increase benchmark is determined as the online cleaning demand intensity. The remaining safe distance and continuous approach trend of the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent end relative to the target new pollutant emission limit are determined as the tower replacement demand intensity. An arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement is calculated based on the online cleaning demand intensity and the tower replacement demand intensity. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement indicates online cleaning priority and the secondary effluent safety margin remains sufficient, the online cleaning action is prioritized over the tower replacement action. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement indicates tower replacement priority and the target new pollutant content in the secondary effluent continues to approach the target new pollutant emission limit, the tower replacement action is prioritized over the online cleaning action. When the arbitration value for cleaning and tower replacement does not meet the cleaning priority and tower replacement priority conditions, the influent flow rate reduction action is inserted into the execution sequence to generate an action priority sequence. Based on the action priority sequence, the first action is bound to the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower, priority execution conditions, secondary effluent safety space, and post-execution verification requirements to generate two-stage adsorption tower operation control instructions.

8. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption tower are as follows: Based on the two-stage adsorption tower operation control instructions, determine the control actions to be executed and the corresponding deep bed adsorption towers. Before the actions are executed, check the safety margin between the target new pollutant content at the secondary effluent and the target new pollutant emission limit. When the safety margin meets the priority execution conditions, reduce the influent flow rate according to the preset reduction range, control the primary and secondary deep bed adsorption towers to enter a low-impact operation state, and form a pre-stable execution state after the secondary effluent maintains stable compliance. Based on the pre-stable execution state, the corresponding deep bed adsorption tower is controlled to perform online cleaning, tower switching and influent flow adjustment according to the two-stage adsorption tower operation control instructions, and the safety margin of the secondary effluent is continuously checked during the execution process; When the safety margin of the secondary effluent meets the requirements for post-execution verification, the influent flow rate is gradually restored, and the tower connection relationship, influent flow rate, cleaning completion mark, tower replacement completion mark, and secondary effluent safety space are written into the operation status record to obtain the operation status of the two-stage adsorption towers after adjustment.

9. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The process involves re-collecting primary and secondary effluent pollutant information using the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption towers, and comparing the target new pollutant content in the secondary effluent with the target new pollutant emission limit. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the adjusted operating status of the two-stage adsorption towers, the time period for re-verification was determined, and information on primary and secondary effluent pollutants was re-collected to obtain the adjusted effluent pollutant collection information. The content of new secondary pollutants in the effluent is extracted from the adjusted effluent pollutant collection information and continuously compared with the emission limits of the new target pollutants to obtain the effluent limit comparison status.

10. The two-stage adsorption tower control method for removing new pollutants as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The specific steps for generating the effluent compliance verification information are as follows: By comparing the effluent limit status, the information on primary effluent pollutants is compared with the baseline of primary effluent pollutants before adjustment, and the information on primary effluent pollutants and secondary effluent pollutants is migrated and matched to obtain the reduction and recovery status of the two levels of pollutants. Based on the two-level pollutant reduction and recovery status, it is verified whether the content of the target new pollutants in the secondary effluent continues to be lower than the target new pollutant emission limit, and whether the pollutant reduction of the primary deep bed adsorption tower and the secondary deep bed adsorption tower has recovered to the reduction and recovery judgment range, thus forming effluent compliance verification information.

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