A cementitious composition for the preparation of a homogenous panel, a geopolymer homogenous panel and a method of preparation and use

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of gelatinous composition for preparing homogeneous plate, geopolymer homogeneous plate and preparation method and application.The gelatinous composition of the present application includes geopolymer, reinforcing agent, binder, polystyrene foam particles and hydrophobic agent, wherein, the raw materials for preparing the geopolymer include the following components in percentage by weight: 30-75% mineral powder, 10-60% fly ash, 5-20% gypsum, 1-6% activator and 0.01-0.40% water reducing agent.The homogeneous plate prepared from the gelatinous composition of the present application is free of cement, has suitable compressive strength and tensile strength, low carbon emission, good thermal insulation effect, light weight, good fire resistance and high water resistance, and the preparation process is simple, green and environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building materials technology, specifically to a cementitious composition for preparing homogeneous slabs, a geopolymer homogeneous slab, a preparation method, and applications. Background Technology

[0002] Thermal insulation of building envelopes is a crucial means of building energy conservation and improving the living environment. Wall and roof insulation have become necessary and key measures for building energy conservation. Currently, the main building wall and roof insulation materials in my country include EPS boards (molded polystyrene boards), XPS boards (extruded polystyrene boards), rock wool insulation boards, polyurethane boards, phenolic boards, and various inorganic insulation boards, among which EPS boards, XPS boards, and rock wool insulation boards are the most widely used. EPS boards and XPS boards are essentially polystyrene boards, and their main material is polystyrene. While both have low thermal conductivity and excellent insulation performance, their combustion performance is mostly Class B, posing a significant fire safety hazard. Furthermore, the overall impact resistance and deformation resistance of these boards are generally average. Although rock wool boards are Class A non-combustible materials, their insulation effect, water resistance, and compressive strength are inferior to polystyrene boards, and their insulation performance further declines after absorbing water. As national standards continuously raise the requirements for the combustion performance of external insulation materials, single organic or inorganic insulation materials can no longer simultaneously meet the multiple requirements of insulation, fire resistance, and waterproof strength.

[0003] Homogeneous insulation boards utilize organic-inorganic composite technology, combining good fire resistance, waterproof performance, high structural strength, and excellent thermal insulation effects, making them widely used in wall and roof insulation systems. Traditional homogeneous boards typically use silicate cement as a binder, mixed with polystyrene foam particles, and then molded and cut. However, during production, the high heat of hydration of silicate cement can easily cause local temperatures to exceed the tolerance temperature of the polystyrene foam particles, leading to particle softening, shrinkage, and even burn-out (the "core-burning" phenomenon). This results in uneven voids, large pores, and defects within the board, affecting the product's mechanical properties, insulation uniformity, and appearance quality. This problem is particularly pronounced during high-temperature summer production, causing significant economic losses for companies. To suppress the hydration temperature rise, existing processes often incorporate large amounts of inorganic fillers, but this leads to new problems such as difficulty in cutting the boards, decreased insulation performance, and increased water absorption.

[0004] Patent document CN108002791A discloses an external wall insulation homogeneous board and its preparation process. The raw materials for preparing the external wall insulation homogeneous board include expanded perlite, lightweight molybdenum oxide, ceramic powder, zinc oxide powder, polypropylene short fiber, mica powder, calcium powder, water-repellent agent, performance additives, bentonite, glass fiber, EPS particles, silica powder, organosilicon waterproofing agent, cement, calcined desulfurized gypsum, flame retardant, water-reducing agent, binder, foaming agent and water. Although it has a significant improvement in material strength, thermal insulation effect and other properties, its composition is too complex.

[0005] Patent document CN120025160A discloses a method for preparing a waterproof and heat-insulating homogeneous board, which is made from raw materials including silicate cement, modified polystyrene, modified basalt fiber, early strength agent and silica fume. Some raw materials need to be chemically modified. The modification process is cumbersome and complicated, and the cost is high, making it unsuitable for industrial production. Furthermore, the potential impact of the chemical reagents used in the modification process on the environment and human health has not been assessed.

[0006] Furthermore, the production of 1 ton of silicate cement is accompanied by approximately 0.6 to 0.7 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. The high carbon emissions of silicate cement are closely related to its inherent "two grinding and one calcination" production process. In contrast, geopolymers use industrial solid wastes rich in silica and aluminum, such as fly ash and mineral powder, as their main raw materials. A composite activator is used for mixing and grinding, and water is added to react and harden the material. The entire process does not require high-temperature calcination, fundamentally avoiding the two main carbon sources in silicate cement production: carbonate decomposition emissions and calcination fuel emissions. At the same time, geopolymer cementitious materials largely absorb industrial waste, and the raw materials require almost no mining. It is estimated that its carbon emissions can be reduced by approximately 70% compared to conventional silicate cement. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a cementitious composition for preparing homogeneous slabs, which combines geopolymers with additives to replace silicate cement in the preparation of homogeneous slabs. This reduces the heat of hydration, avoids the drawbacks of sintering polystyrene particles in existing homogeneous slab preparation processes, and significantly reduces carbon emissions. Furthermore, this invention also provides geopolymer homogeneous slabs prepared using this cementitious composition, a method for preparing them, and the application of this cementitious composition in building materials.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a cementitious composition for preparing homogeneous plates, comprising a geopolymer, a reinforcing agent, a binder, polystyrene foam particles, and a water-repellent agent, wherein the raw materials for preparing the geopolymer include mineral powder, fly ash, gypsum, an activator, and a water-reducing agent.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total weight of the raw materials for preparing geopolymers as 100%, the mass percentage of mineral powder is 30% to 75%, for example, 30%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 75%, etc.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total weight of the raw materials for preparing geopolymers as 100%, the mass percentage of fly ash is 10% to 60%, for example, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, etc.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total weight of the raw materials for preparing geopolymers as 100%, the mass percentage of gypsum is 5% to 20%, for example, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, etc.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total weight of the raw materials for preparing geopolymers as 100%, the mass percentage of the activator is 1% to 6%, for example, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, etc.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the water-reducing agent accounts for 0.01% to 0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials for preparing the geopolymer, for example, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40%, etc.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the geopolymer, by weight percentage, include the following components: 30%–75% mineral powder, 10%–60% fly ash, 5%–20% gypsum, 1%–6% activator, and 0.01%–0.40% water-reducing agent.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the geopolymer, by weight percentage, include the following components: 50%–75% mineral powder, 10%–40% fly ash, 8%–15% gypsum, 2%–6% activator, and 0.1%–0.40% water-reducing agent.

[0016] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the geopolymer, by weight percentage, include the following components: 60%–75% mineral powder, 10%–30% fly ash, 8%–12% gypsum, 2.5%–5% activator, and 0.1%–0.40% water-reducing agent.

[0017] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the geopolymer, by weight percentage, include the following components: 65%–75% mineral powder, 10%–25% fly ash, 8%–12% gypsum, 3.5%–5% activator, and 0.2%–0.40% water-reducing agent.

[0018] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the geopolymer, by weight percentage, include the following components: 70%–75% mineral powder, 10%–20% fly ash, 8%–12% gypsum, 3.5%–5% activator, and 0.2%–0.40% water-reducing agent.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the gelling composition, the reinforcing agent accounts for 0.3% to 3.5% of the total mass of the geopolymer, for example, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, etc.

[0020] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcing agent in the gelling composition comprises 0.5% to 3.0% of the total mass of the geopolymer.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the gelling composition, the binder accounts for 0.5% to 3.5% of the total mass of the geopolymer, for example, 0.5%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, etc.

[0022] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the gelling composition, the binder accounts for 0.5% to 3.0% of the total mass of the geopolymer.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the gelling composition, the polystyrene foam particles account for 3% to 15% of the total mass of the geopolymer, for example, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 15%, etc.

[0024] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the gelling composition, polystyrene foam particles account for 6% to 12% of the total mass of the geological polymer.

[0025] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the gelling composition, polystyrene foam particles account for 7% to 10% of the total mass of the geological polymer.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrophobic agent in the gelling composition accounts for 0.05% to 0.5% of the total mass of the geopolymer, for example, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, etc.

[0027] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the hydrophobic agent in the gelling composition accounts for 0.1% to 0.3% of the total mass of the geopolymer.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the geopolymer is prepared by a method comprising the steps of mixing and grinding mineral powder, fly ash, gypsum, activator and water-reducing agent.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the specific surface area of ​​the geopolymer is 600-650 m². 2 / kg.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ore powder is S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder. In this invention, the ore powder grade meets the GB / T 18046 standard. In some embodiments, the pH value of the ore powder is 8.00–8.20.

[0031] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fly ash is grade II fly ash. In this invention, the grade of the fly ash meets the requirements of GB / T 1596 standard. In some embodiments, the pH value of the fly ash is 8.90–9.10.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the gypsum is dihydrate gypsum. In some embodiments, the gypsum satisfies at least one of the following conditions: specific surface area greater than 100 m². 2 / kg, pH value is 8.70~8.90.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the activator is alkaline residue. In some embodiments, the alkaline residue satisfies at least one of the following conditions: Ca(OH)2 content is 70wt% to 80wt%, and pH value is 12.30 to 12.50.

[0034] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the water-reducing agent is one or more of polycarboxylate-based water-reducing agents, naphthalene-based water-reducing agents, or aliphatic water-reducing agents.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emissions of the geopolymer do not exceed 300 kg CO2 / t.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the gelling composition, the reinforcing agent is selected from one or more of aluminum sulfate, sodium silicate, calcium formate, sodium aluminate, and nano-SiO2.

[0037] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcing agent in the gelling composition is one or both of aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the gelling composition, the binder is selected from one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, redispersible latex powder, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. In some embodiments, the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1500-2500. In some embodiments, the polyvinyl alcohol is polyvinyl alcohol 1788. In some embodiments, the polyvinyl alcohol is polyvinyl alcohol 2488.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrophobic agent in the gelling composition is selected from one or more of sodium methylsilicate, potassium methylsilicate, and polysiloxane emulsions. Examples of polysiloxane emulsions in the present invention include, but are not limited to, hydroxyl silicone oil emulsions.

[0040] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the hydrophobic agent in the gelling composition is selected from sodium methylsilicate and / or potassium methylsilicate.

[0041] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a geopolymer homogenized plate, which is prepared from raw materials including the gelling composition described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0042] In some embodiments, the raw material also includes water.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of water to geopolymer in the cementitious composition is (0.50 to 0.70):1, for example, 0.50:1, 0.52:1, 0.55:1, 0.58:1, 0.60:1, 0.62:1, 0.65:1, 0.68:1, 0.70:1, etc.

[0044] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of water to geopolymer in the cementitious composition is (0.55 to 0.60):1.

[0045] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a geopolymer homogenizing plate as described in the second aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: (1) Mineral powder, fly ash, gypsum, activator and water-reducing agent are mixed and ground to obtain geopolymer; (2) The geopolymer is mixed with reinforcing agent, binder, water-repellent agent and water, and then polystyrene foam particles are added to obtain a mixture; (3) The slurry obtained in step (2) is molded and cured to obtain a geopolymer homogeneous plate.

[0046] Fourthly, the present invention provides the use of the cementitious composition as described in the first aspect of the present invention in building panels.

[0047] The building materials described in this invention include, but are not limited to: homogeneous boards, fireproof boards, exterior wall panels, interior wall cladding panels, partition boards, and heat insulation boards.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The gelling composition of the present invention uses geopolymer as gelling material, which realizes the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, greatly reduces carbon emissions compared with the use of cement, and can also significantly reduce the heat generated in the hydration process, avoiding the softening, deformation or burn-off of polystyrene particles in the homogeneous board manufacturing process.

[0049] 2. The geopolymer homogeneous board of the present invention does not contain cement, has suitable compressive strength and tensile strength, good thermal insulation effect, excellent water resistance, low mass, simple preparation process, easy operation, low cost, and is green and environmentally friendly. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

[0051] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used in the following embodiments and comparative examples have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents used in the following examples and comparative examples are all conventional chemical reagents; the raw materials, instruments and equipment used in the following examples and comparative examples can all be obtained by purchasing them from the market or by existing preparation methods; unless otherwise specified, the reagent dosages are the dosages used in conventional experimental operations; unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods are all conventional methods.

[0053] In the following preparation examples 1 to 7 of the present invention: The ore powder is S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, meeting GB / T 18046 standard; the fly ash is secondary grade fly ash, meeting GB / T 1596 standard; the gypsum is dihydrate gypsum with a specific surface area of ​​158 m². 2 / kg, pH value 8.85; the Ca(OH)2 content in the alkali residue is 78.07wt%, pH value 12.44; the water reduction rate of the water reducing agent is ≥25%.

[0054] Preparation Examples 1-7: Preparation of Geopolymer Cementitious Materials Mix mineral powder, fly ash, gypsum, activator (alkali slag), and water-reducing agent according to the formula in Table 1 below (each raw material is in parts by weight), and grind to a specific surface area of ​​600-650 m². 2 / kg, to obtain geopolymer cementitious materials, and test their 28-day compressive strength and 3-day hydration heat release according to the strength test standard GB 175-2023 and the hydration heat test standard GB / T 12959-2008 respectively. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0055] Table 1 Table 2 As can be seen from Table 2, compared with ordinary silicate cement, the geopolymer cementitious materials prepared in Examples 1 to 7 can significantly reduce the heat generated during the hydration process. When used in the preparation process of homogeneous plates, they can avoid the softening and deformation of pore-forming materials such as polystyrene particles, which helps to improve the mechanical properties, thermal insulation uniformity and appearance quality of homogeneous plates.

[0056] Example 1: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The composition of the cementitious material used to prepare the homogeneous plate, by weight, is as follows: 105.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material of Preparation Example 1, 3.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 1.2 parts of binder, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.15 parts of water-repellent agent, and 55 parts of water.

[0057] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: 105.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material, 3.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 1.2 parts of binder, 0.15 parts of water repellent, and 55 parts of water were mixed evenly to obtain a slurry. Then, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles were added, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 5 minutes until homogeneous. The mixture was then placed into a pre-prepared steel mold, the surface was leveled, a cover was placed, and a certain pressure was applied. After 24 hours, the mold was removed to obtain the homogeneous board matrix. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, it was cut to obtain a thermally insulating, fireproof, and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, and the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008. The combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T14402-2006, and the calorific value was tested according to GB / T14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0058] Example 2: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The composition of the cementitious material used to prepare the homogeneous plate, by weight, is as follows: 105.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material of Preparation Example 2, 1.0 part of the reinforcing agent, 1.5 parts of the binder, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.15 parts of the water-repellent agent, and 55 parts of water.

[0059] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: 105.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material, 1.0 part of the reinforcing agent, 1.5 parts of the binder, 0.15 parts of the water-repellent agent, and 55 parts of water from Preparation Example 2 were mixed evenly to obtain a slurry. Then, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles were added, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 5 minutes until homogeneous. The mixture was then placed in a pre-prepared steel mold, the surface was leveled, a cover was placed, and a certain pressure was applied. After 24 hours, the mold was removed to obtain the homogeneous board matrix. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, it was cut to obtain a thermally insulating, fireproof, and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, and the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008. The combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T14402-2006, and the calorific value was tested according to GB / T14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0060] Example 3: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The composition of the cementitious composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate, by weight, is as follows: 105.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material of Preparation Example 3, 2.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 2.5 parts of binder, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.15 parts of water-repellent agent, and 55 parts of water.

[0061] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: 105.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material, 2.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 2.5 parts of binder, 0.15 parts of water-repellent agent, and 55 parts of water were mixed evenly to obtain a slurry. Then, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles were added, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 5 minutes until homogeneous. The mixture was then placed into a pre-prepared steel mold, the surface was leveled, a cover was placed, and a certain pressure was applied. After 24 hours, the mold was removed to obtain the homogeneous board matrix. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, it was cut to obtain a thermally insulating, fireproof, and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, and the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008. The combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T14402-2006, and the calorific value was tested according to GB / T14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0062] Example 4: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The composition of the cementitious composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate, by weight, is as follows: 105.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material of Preparation Example 4, 3.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 3.0 parts of binder, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.15 parts of water-repellent agent, and 55 parts of water.

[0063] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: 105.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material, 3.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 3.0 parts of binder, 0.15 parts of water-repellent agent, and 55 parts of water were mixed evenly to obtain a slurry. Then, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles were added, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 5 minutes until homogeneous. The mixture was then placed into a pre-prepared steel mold, the surface was leveled, a cover was placed, and a certain pressure was applied. After 24 hours, the mold was removed to obtain the homogeneous board matrix. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, it was cut to obtain a thermally insulating, fireproof, and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, and the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008. The combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T14402-2006, and the calorific value was tested according to GB / T14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0064] Example 5: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The composition of the cementitious composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate, by weight, is as follows: 110.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material of Preparation Example 5, 2.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 1.8 parts of binder, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.2 parts of water-repellent agent, and 60 parts of water.

[0065] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: 110.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material, 2.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 1.8 parts of binder, 0.2 parts of water-repellent agent, and 60 parts of water were mixed evenly to obtain a slurry. 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles were then added, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 5 minutes until homogeneous. The mixture was then placed into a pre-prepared steel mold, the surface was leveled, a cover was placed, and a certain pressure was applied. After 24 hours, the mold was removed to obtain the homogeneous board matrix. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, the matrix was cut to obtain a thermally insulating, fireproof, and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008; the tensile strength and softening coefficient of the test blocks were tested according to JG / T 536-2017; and the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008. The combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T14402-2006, and the calorific value was tested according to GB / T14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0066] Example 6: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The composition of the cementitious material used to prepare the homogeneous plate, by weight, is as follows: 110.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material of Preparation Example 6, 1.0 part of the reinforcing agent, 2.2 parts of the binder, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.2 parts of the water-repellent agent, and 60 parts of water.

[0067] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: 110.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material, 1.0 part of the reinforcing agent, 2.2 parts of the binder, 0.2 parts of the water-repellent agent, and 60 parts of water from Preparation Example 6 were mixed evenly to obtain a slurry. 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles were then added, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 5 minutes until homogeneous. The mixture was then placed in a pre-prepared steel mold, the surface was leveled, a cover was placed, and a certain pressure was applied. After 24 hours, the mold was removed to obtain the homogeneous board matrix. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, the matrix was cut to obtain a thermally insulating, fireproof, and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, and the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008. The combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T14402-2006, and the calorific value was tested according to GB / T14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0068] Example 7: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The composition of the cementitious composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate, by weight, is as follows: 110.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material of Preparation Example 7, 2.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 2.0 parts of binder, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.2 parts of water-repellent agent, and 60 parts of water.

[0069] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: 110.0 parts of the geopolymer cementitious material, 2.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 2.0 parts of binder, 0.2 parts of water-repellent agent, and 60 parts of water from Preparation Example 7 were mixed evenly to obtain a slurry. 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles were then added, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 5 minutes until homogeneous. The mixture was then placed in a pre-prepared steel mold, the surface was leveled, a cover was placed, and a certain pressure was applied. After 24 hours, the mold was removed to obtain the homogeneous board matrix. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, the matrix was cut to obtain a thermally insulating, fireproof, and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, and the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008. The combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T14402-2006, and the calorific value was tested according to GB / T14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0070] Example 8: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The only difference between the gelling composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate and that of Example 2 is that the weight of the binder is adjusted to 0.3 parts.

[0071] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: The only difference from Example 2 is that the amount of binder was adjusted to 0.3 parts to prepare the geopolymer homogeneous board. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, it was cut. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test block were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient of the test block were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008, the combustion performance of the test block was tested according to GB / T 20284-2006, and the calorific value of combustion was tested according to GB / T 14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0072] Example 9: Gelation composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates The gelling composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate differs from that in Example 7 only in that the weight parts of polystyrene foam particles are adjusted to 11.0 parts.

[0073] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: The only difference from Example 7 is that the amount of polystyrene foam particles was adjusted to 11.0 parts to prepare the geopolymer homogeneous board. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, it was cut to obtain a thermal insulation, fireproof and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test block were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient of the test block were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008, the combustion performance of the test block was tested according to GB / T20284-2006, and the calorific value of combustion was tested according to GB / T 14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0074] Example 10: Gelatinizing composition for preparing homogeneous plates and preparation of geopolymer homogeneous plates. The gelling composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate differs from that in Example 7 only in that the reinforcing agent is adjusted to 1.5 parts by weight of sodium silicate.

[0075] Preparation of geopolymer homogenized plates: The only difference from Example 7 is that the reinforcing agent was adjusted to 1.5 parts sodium silicate to prepare the geopolymer homogeneous board. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, it was cut to obtain a thermal insulation, fireproof and waterproof geopolymer homogeneous board. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test block were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient of the test block were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008, the combustion performance of the test block was tested according to GB / T 20284-2006, and the calorific value of combustion was tested according to GB / T 14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0076] Comparative Example 1: Cementitious composition for preparing homogeneous slabs and preparation of cement-based homogeneous slabs The only difference between the cementitious composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate and that of Example 7 is that "the geopolymer cementitious material of Example 7" is replaced with an equal weight of "42.5 parts of ordinary Portland cement".

[0077] Preparation of cement-based homogeneous slabs: The only difference from Example 7 is that "the geopolymer cementitious material of Example 7" is replaced with an equal weight proportion of "42.5 parts of ordinary Portland cement", specifically: 110.0 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 2.0 parts of reinforcing agent, 2.0 parts of binder, 0.2 parts of water-repellent agent, and 60 parts of water were mixed evenly to obtain a slurry. Then, 8.5 parts of polystyrene foam particles were added, and the mixture was stirred at low speed for 5 minutes until homogeneous. The cement-based homogeneous board mixture was then placed in a pre-prepared steel mold. After spreading the mixture on the surface, a cover plate was placed on top, and a certain pressure was applied. After 24 hours, the mold was removed to obtain the homogeneous board matrix. The matrix was naturally cured indoors for 5-7 days before cutting. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T 5486-2008; the tensile strength and softening coefficient of the test blocks were tested according to JG / T 536-2017; the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008; the combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T 20284-2006; and the results were tested according to GB / T... The calorific value of combustion was tested according to 14402-2007, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0078] Comparative Example 2: Cementitious composition for preparing homogeneous slabs and preparation of cement-based homogeneous slabs The only difference between the cementitious composition used to prepare the homogeneous plate and that of Example 6 is that "the geopolymer cementitious material of Preparation Example 6" is replaced with an equal weight of "42.5 parts of ordinary silicate cement", and the weight of the reinforcing agent is adjusted to 0 parts.

[0079] Preparation of cement-based homogeneous slabs: The only difference from Example 6 is that the geopolymer cementitious material was replaced with 110.0 parts of ordinary Portland cement and 0 parts of reinforcing agent to prepare cement-based homogeneous boards. After natural curing indoors for 5-7 days, the boards were cut. After 28 days, the dry apparent density and compressive strength of the test blocks were tested according to GB / T5486-2008, the tensile strength and softening coefficient of the test blocks were tested according to JG / T 536-2017, the thermal conductivity was tested according to GB / T 10295-2008, the combustion performance of the test blocks was tested according to GB / T 20284-2006, and the calorific value of combustion was tested according to GB / T 14402-2007. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0080] The formulations (by weight) of the gelling compositions for preparing homogeneous plates provided in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 3 below.

[0081] Table 3 In Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-2, the reinforcing agent used was aluminum sulfate; in Example 10, the reinforcing agent used was sodium silicate; in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-2, the binder used was polyvinyl alcohol, type 1788; and the bulk density of the polystyrene foam particles used was 4.5 kg / m³. 3 The water-repellent agent used is sodium methylsilicate; the ordinary silicate cement used is ordinary silicate cement with a strength grade of 42.5; the molding compression ratio of the mold used is 0.55 to 0.75.

[0082] Table 4 As shown in Table 4, compared with the homogeneous boards prepared using silicate cement in Comparative Examples 1-2, the homogeneous boards prepared using geopolymers as cementing materials in Examples 1-10, while maintaining certain compressive and tensile strength, have lower apparent density and lower thermal conductivity, indicating that they are lighter and have better thermal insulation performance. Among them, the homogeneous boards of Examples 4-7 and 10 show better overall performance. In particular, compared with Comparative Example 1, the homogeneous board of Example 7 has lower apparent density, thermal conductivity, and calorific value, indicating that the homogeneous board of Example 7 is lighter and has better thermal insulation and fire resistance. At the same time, its compressive strength, tensile strength, and softening coefficient are all higher than those of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the homogeneous board of Example 7 has higher strength and better water resistance. Similarly, compared with Comparative Example 2, the homogeneous board of Example 6 is lighter, has better thermal insulation and fire resistance, higher strength, and better water resistance.

[0083] Furthermore, a comparison of the results from Example 2 and Example 8 shows that when the amount of adhesive is too small, both the compressive and tensile strengths of the homogeneous plate will decrease. After cutting, the integrity of the homogeneous plate is poor, which will lead to breakage and cracks.

[0084] The above embodiments are merely examples to better illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to list all possible implementations here; therefore, any variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gelling composition for preparing homogeneous plates, characterized in that, It includes a geopolymer, a reinforcing agent, a binder, polystyrene foam particles, and a water-repellent agent. The raw materials for preparing the geopolymer, by weight percentage, include the following components: 30%–75% mineral powder, 10%–60% fly ash, 5%–20% gypsum, 1%–6% activator, and 0.01%–0.40% water-reducing agent.

2. The gelling composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the geopolymer, by weight percentage, include the following components: 60%–75% mineral powder, 10%–30% fly ash, 8%–12% gypsum, 2.5%–5% activator, and 0.1%–0.40% water-reducing agent.

3. The gelling composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing agent comprises 0.3% to 3.5% of the total mass of the geological polymer; and / or The binder comprises 0.5% to 3.5% of the total mass of the geological polymer; and / or Polystyrene foam particles comprise 3% to 15% of the total mass of the geological polymer; and / or The water-repellent agent accounts for 0.05% to 0.5% of the total mass of the geopolymer.

4. The gelling composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing agent comprises 0.5% to 3.0% of the total mass of the geological polymer; and / or The binder comprises 0.5% to 3.0% of the total mass of the geological polymer; and / or Polystyrene foam particles comprise 6% to 12% of the total mass of the geological polymer; and / or The hydrophobic agent accounts for 0.1% to 0.3% of the total mass of the geopolymer.

5. The gelling composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the geopolymer include S95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder, and / or grade II fly ash, and / or dihydrate gypsum with a specific surface area greater than 100 m². 2 / kg, pH value of 8.70-8.90; and / or, the activator is alkaline residue, Ca(OH)2 content is 70wt%-80wt%, pH value is 12.30-12.50; and / or, the water-reducing agent is one or more of polycarboxylate water-reducing agents, naphthalene water-reducing agents or aliphatic water-reducing agents.

6. The gelling composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The reinforcing agent is selected from one or more of aluminum sulfate, sodium silicate, calcium formate, sodium aluminate, and nano-SiO2; and / or The binder is selected from one or more of polyvinyl alcohol with a degree of polymerization of 1500-2500, redispersible latex powder, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; and / or The water-repellent agent is selected from one or more of sodium methylsilicate, potassium methylsilicate, and polysiloxane emulsion.

7. The gelling composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The reinforcing agent is one or both of aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate; and / or The adhesive is one or both of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and polyvinyl alcohol 2488; and / or The water-repellent agent is one or both of sodium methylsilicate and potassium methylsilicate.

8. A geopolymer homogenous plate, characterized in that, The homogeneous plate is prepared from raw materials comprising the gelling composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A method for preparing a geopolymer homogenized plate as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mineral powder, fly ash, gypsum, activator and water-reducing agent are mixed and ground to obtain geopolymer; (2) The geopolymer is mixed with reinforcing agent, binder, water-repellent agent and water, and then polystyrene foam particles are added to obtain a mixture; (3) The slurry obtained in step (2) is molded and cured to obtain a geopolymer homogeneous plate.

10. The application of the cementitious composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in building panels, characterized in that, The building materials include homogeneous boards, fireproof boards, exterior wall panels, interior wall cladding panels, partition boards, and heat insulation boards.

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