Crop straw recycling and utilization compost fermentation device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of crop straw recycling compost fermentation device, including tank body, multiple groups of movable material distribution modules are arranged in tank body from bottom to top, the uppermost is equipped with fixed material distribution module, movable material distribution module includes material distribution plate, support plate and elastic support, material accumulation makes lower material distribution plate to move to the preset position, when triggering upper support plate closure through linkage mechanism, realize from bottom to top layer by layer layering filling, the helical thread of the bottommost drive rod is opposite to the upper, first trigger rod moves up and second trigger rod moves down can be driven corresponding support plate closure, there is ventilation gap between the top surface of each layer of material and the bottom surface of upper material distribution module, tank body side wall is equipped with air vent and water supplement opening correspondingly, each layer of material is independently supported, avoid compaction caused by overhigh accumulation in bottom layer;The present application realizes automatic layering using material self-weight, and the pure mechanical structure has high reliability, interlayer ventilation is good, and it is beneficial to improve compost fermentation efficiency and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural waste treatment equipment technology, specifically to a crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device. Background Technology

[0002] As a major agricultural country, my country produces hundreds of millions of tons of crop straw every year. Realizing the resource utilization of crop straw is essential, and turning it into organic fertilizer is a crucial means of this process. However, currently, most straw composting is carried out in the open or in the fields, making it difficult to control the necessary conditions, resulting in poor fermentation and secondary pollution during the process.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN113929518A discloses an agricultural straw recycling and fermentation composting device. This device includes a crushing component and a fermentation mechanism. The fermentation mechanism includes a fermentation chamber, a turning component, and a temperature and humidity control component. The crushing component crushes the straw and then feeds it into the fermentation chamber, which is equipped with a mesh plate for stacking materials. The temperature and humidity control component includes a first air outlet, a temperature sensor, a spray nozzle, and a moisture meter, which can monitor and regulate the temperature and humidity during the fermentation process. The turning component includes a turning blade and a first motor. The first motor drives the turning blade to rotate via a first rotating shaft, turning the fermenting straw.

[0004] The existing technology has the following problems in practical use: After the straw is crushed and put into the fermentation chamber, all the materials are piled up on the mesh plate in a single cavity. The height of the material pile increases continuously with the feeding, and the bottom layer of material is compacted by bearing the full weight of the top layer of material. Composting is an aerobic fermentation process that requires a sufficient supply of oxygen. However, excessively high material piles significantly reduce the porosity of the pile, making it difficult for external air to penetrate into the central area of ​​the pile, thus creating an anaerobic environment. At this time, the activity of aerobic microorganisms is inhibited, while anaerobic microorganisms multiply in large numbers, producing inhibitory substances such as organic acids and hydrogen sulfide, resulting in slower fermentation, uneven maturation, and poor uniformity of compost product quality. Although the device is equipped with a turning blade, the turning blade can only locally agitate the material within its effective range, and cannot fundamentally solve the problems of excessively high material piles, compacted bottom layers, and poor internal permeability. In addition, the turning blade drive of the device relies on a primary motor, and temperature monitoring and air path switching rely on electrical components such as solenoid valves, temperature sensors, and controllers. In the high-temperature, high-humidity, and corrosive gas environment generated by composting, the reliability and lifespan of electrical components are severely affected, resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0005] Therefore, developing a composting and fermentation device that can prevent excessive material accumulation, prevent bottom compaction, ensure good air permeability inside the pile, and achieve layered material stacking without relying on electrical components is an urgent need to improve the efficiency and quality of straw composting. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a composting and fermentation device for recycling crop straw, aiming to solve the technical problems in related technologies, such as excessive material accumulation leading to bottom compaction, poor internal air permeability, and reliance on electrical components for control.

[0007] This invention discloses a crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device, comprising a tank body with an inlet at the upper end and an outlet at the lower end. The outlet is equipped with an openable and closable outlet baffle. The device also includes a movable material distribution module, a fixed material distribution module, a linkage mechanism, and a first triggering mechanism. Multiple movable material distribution modules are arranged at intervals from bottom to top inside the tank body. Each module includes a material distribution plate, a support plate, and an elastic support member. The material distribution plate is slidably installed vertically inside the tank body. The support plate is rotatably installed on the material distribution plate via a pivot, allowing for two states: horizontal closure to receive material and downward rotation to release material. The elastic support member is positioned between the material distribution plate and the tank body to support the material distribution plate. When the material on the current layer of the material distribution plate reaches a preset level... When the weight is applied, the elastic support is compressed, and the material distribution plate moves downward. The fixed material distribution module is a set, located at the top inside the tank, including a fixed plate fixedly installed inside the tank and a support plate that can be flipped on the fixed plate via a rotating shaft. The support plate also has the two states mentioned above. The linkage mechanism is set between the movable material distribution modules and between the movable material distribution module and the fixed material distribution module. When the lower material distribution plate moves down to the preset position under the weight, it triggers the support plate of the adjacent movable material distribution module or the fixed material distribution module above to flip to the horizontal closed state. The first triggering mechanism is set between the bottommost movable material distribution module and the outlet baffle, and is used to trigger the support plate of the bottommost movable material distribution module to flip to the horizontal closed state when the outlet baffle is closed.

[0008] Its effect is as follows: By setting up multiple sets of active material distribution modules and one set of fixed material distribution modules, in conjunction with a linkage mechanism and a first trigger mechanism, automatic layer-by-layer filling from bottom to top is achieved. Initially, only the bottom support plate is in a horizontal closed state. After the material is put in, it first accumulates at the bottom. Once the preset weight is reached, the material distribution plate compresses the elastic support component and moves downward. The linkage mechanism triggers the support plate of the upper module to close, and it begins to receive new material. This process continues layer by layer upward until the top fixed material distribution module is triggered to close. Each layer of material is independently supported by the support plate, avoiding the problem of the bottom layer being compacted due to excessively high material accumulation. The thickness of each layer of material is limited by the spacing between the support plates, and the interior of the pile always maintains a good porosity. The entire process uses the material's own weight as the driving force, requiring no external power or electrical control. It is a purely mechanical structure with high reliability and adaptability to the high temperature and high humidity conditions of composting environments. The naturally formed gaps between each layer can serve as ventilation channels, allowing external air to enter each layer evenly, effectively preventing the formation of anaerobic fermentation zones.

[0009] Preferably, the support plate has flipping gears on both sides of its rotating shaft; the linkage mechanism includes a drive mechanism, which includes a drive rod, a moving block, a sliding plate, and a sliding rack; the drive rod is rotatably mounted inside the side wall of the tank and has a spiral pattern on it, and the moving block is spirally connected to the drive rod through the spiral pattern; the sliding plate is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the tank and has a groove, in which the moving block is slidably fitted; the sliding rack is slidably mounted on one side of the distribution plate and is used to mesh with the flipping gears to drive the support plate to flip; the sliding rack and the sliding plate are connected by a first limiting rod, so that the sliding plate can drive the sliding rack to move synchronously when it moves.

[0010] Its effect is as follows: the rotational motion of the drive rod is converted into the linear motion of the moving block through the spiral groove, and then the power is transmitted to the tilting gear through the transmission chain of the slide groove, sliding plate and sliding rack, so as to realize the tilting of the support plate. The entire transmission mechanism is integrated inside the side wall of the tank, which does not occupy the internal space of the tank, and the mechanical transmission has high reliability and is suitable for the high temperature and high humidity conditions of the composting environment.

[0011] Preferably, the first triggering mechanism includes a first triggering rod, which is located near the discharge port and is vertically slidably connected to the tank body via a spring; the top of the first triggering rod is provided with a toothed segment; when the discharge port baffle is closed, the discharge port baffle pushes the first triggering rod upward, and the toothed segment at the top of the first triggering rod meshes with the drive gear of the bottom drive mechanism, driving the drive rod to rotate, so that the bottom support plate flips to a horizontal closed state.

[0012] Its effect is that by using the closing action of the discharge port baffle as a power source, the rotation of the baffle is converted into the rotation of the drive rod through the meshing of the tooth segment of the first trigger rod with the drive gear, thus realizing the mechanical linkage between the closing of the discharge port and the closing of the bottom support plate without the need for additional operation or power input.

[0013] Preferably, the linkage mechanism further includes a second trigger rod; the second trigger rod is fixedly installed above the material distribution plate of each movable material distribution module, and its top end is provided with a toothed segment. When the material distribution plate of this layer moves down to the preset position under the weight, the second trigger rod moves down accordingly, and the toothed segment at its top end meshes with the drive gear of the adjacent module above, driving the drive rod to rotate, thereby causing the support plate of the upper module to flip to a horizontal closed state; the fixed material distribution module does not include the second trigger rod, and its support plate is only triggered to close by the second trigger rod of the adjacent movable material distribution module below, and the fixed plate is fixedly installed and does not move down with the weight of the material.

[0014] Its effect is that the triggering function is integrated into the material distribution plate itself. The downward stroke of the material distribution plate directly serves as the trigger signal, which is converted into the rotational motion of the upper module's drive rod through the meshing of the tooth segment and the drive gear, thus achieving precise mechanical transmission of inter-layer triggering. The fixed material distribution module does not have a second trigger rod, naturally becoming the end point of the layer-by-layer triggering chain, resulting in a clear structural logic.

[0015] Preferably, the chute has a preset empty travel length in the direction of movement of the moving block. When the moving block moves along the first direction, the moving block abuts against the first side wall of the chute, pushing the sliding plate and the sliding rack to move synchronously, thereby driving the support plate to flip to a horizontal closed state. When the moving block moves along the second direction opposite to the first direction, the moving block moves within the empty travel of the chute without driving the sliding plate, until the moving block moves to the limit position.

[0016] Its effect is as follows: by setting an idle stroke in the groove, the design of unidirectional drive of the sliding plate by the drive rod is realized. When the moving block moves along the first direction, it immediately pushes the sliding plate to achieve the closing action; when the moving block moves along the second direction, it does not drive the sliding plate during the idle stroke stage, providing an independent action time window for the unlocking mechanism and realizing the separation of the timing of driving and unlocking.

[0017] Preferably, each set of movable and fixed material distribution modules further includes an unlocking mechanism, which includes a sliding block, an unlocking block, and an elastic limiting block. The sliding block is helically connected to the drive rod via the spiral groove and is axially spaced from the movable block on the drive rod. The unlocking block is slidably installed below the material distribution plate and is connected to the sliding block via a second limiting rod, allowing the sliding block to drive the unlocking block to move synchronously. The elastic limiting block is slidably installed on both sides of the material distribution plate and located below the support plate, extending in the normal state to restrict the support plate from flipping downwards. An unlocking post is provided below the elastic limiting block. The lower end face of the elastic limiting block is inclined, which is used to push the elastic limiting block to unlock when the support plate is flipped upward, so that the support plate can be flipped above the elastic limiting block; when the drive rod rotates in the direction that moves the moving block in the second direction, the sliding block drives the unlocking block to move synchronously. The unlocking block drives the elastic limiting block to retract through the unlocking post to achieve unlocking; after unlocking, the support plate flips downward around the axis under the action of gravity. During the flipping process, the sliding rack is driven to move in the opposite direction through the flipping gear. The sliding rack drives the sliding plate to move through the first limiting rod, so that the first side wall of the slide groove abuts against the moving block again, completing the reset.

[0018] Its effect is as follows: the lower end face of the elastic limit block is set as an inclined surface. When the support plate flips upward to close, the inclined surface automatically pushes the elastic limit block open. After it is in place, the elastic limit block pops out and locks in place, without the need for the sliding block to participate, ensuring the smoothness of the closing action. When opening, the drive rod needs to rotate in the second direction, and the sliding block drives the unlocking block to move synchronously. Through the cooperation of the unlocking block and the unlocking post, the elastic limit block is actively retracted to achieve unlocking. The sliding block and the moving block share the spiral pattern on the same drive rod. By utilizing the distance between the two in the axial direction, the precise timing control of unlocking before driving is achieved. After unlocking, the support plate falls by its own weight without the need for power drive. During the falling process, the flipping gear pushes the rack and sliding plate to reset in the opposite direction, preparing for the next closing. The whole mechanism has a compact structure and clear action logic.

[0019] Preferably, the system also includes multiple sets of stirring mechanisms, each set including a motor and a stirring shaft. The motor is fixedly installed on the outside of the tank. Each set of stirring mechanisms corresponds to a material distribution module. The stirring shaft is horizontally arranged inside the tank at the position corresponding to each material distribution module, and its end is connected to the output shaft of the motor. The stirring blades are fixedly arranged on the stirring shaft and are used to stir the materials of the corresponding material distribution module.

[0020] Its effect is that each batching module is equipped with an independent stirring mechanism. The stirring main shaft is set horizontally above the corresponding batching module, which can independently stir each layer of material, making the stirring more thorough and the fermentation environment more uniform. This solves the problem that the turning blade can only stir locally and cannot completely turn the pile when stacking in a single cavity, and significantly improves the quality of compost.

[0021] Preferably, the vertical spacing between the support plates of adjacent material distribution modules in the horizontally closed state is greater than the preset stacking height of a single layer of material, so that when each layer of material is stacked to the preset weight, there is a ventilation gap between the top surface of the material and the bottom surface of the upper material distribution module, and this gap provides space for the support plate to flip downward; the tank side wall is provided with a vent and a water inlet corresponding to the ventilation gap.

[0022] Its effects are as follows: each layer of material forms an independent ventilation channel through the air gap and air vent, and external air can enter each layer evenly, ensuring that each layer of material can obtain a sufficient oxygen supply, fundamentally solving the problem of poor internal air permeability when materials are piled up in a concentrated manner; the water inlet can independently replenish water to each layer, ensuring the humidity conditions required for composting fermentation, and improving the uniformity of composting and the efficiency of decomposition.

[0023] Preferably, the elastic support is a metal spring or an elastic bellows, and its elastic coefficient matches the preset weight of the full layer of material to ensure that the material distribution plate can move down to the trigger position when the layer is full.

[0024] Its effect is that the elastic coefficient of the elastic support is calculated and matched so that the full layer weight corresponds exactly to the trigger stroke, ensuring the working reliability of the layer-by-layer triggering mechanism and avoiding the problem of failure to trigger due to excessive elastic coefficient or premature triggering due to excessively small elastic coefficient.

[0025] Preferably, the support plate is provided with through holes for air permeation and filtration.

[0026] Its effect is that the through holes on the support plate allow air circulation between layers and the discharge of excess moisture, further improving the quality of composting fermentation.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses a combination of a movable and a fixed material distribution module. The material's own weight compresses the elastic support, causing the material distribution plate to move downwards. Through a linkage mechanism, the upper support plate is triggered to close layer by layer, achieving automatic layered filling from bottom to top. Each layer of material is independently supported by the support plate, and the thickness of each layer is limited by the spacing between the support plates. This fundamentally avoids the problems of bottom compaction and poor internal air permeability caused by excessively high material accumulation. The entire layering process requires no external power or electrical control. The purely mechanical structure has high reliability and is suitable for the high temperature and high humidity corrosive environment of composting.

[0028] 2. The drive mechanism and the unlocking mechanism share the same drive rod. The timing control of unlocking before driving is achieved by utilizing the axial distance between the sliding block and the moving block. The slide is set with a free stroke so that the opening process only triggers unlocking. After the support plate is unlocked, it falls automatically under the action of gravity and pushes the rack and sliding plate back to reset through the reverse gear, preparing for the next closing. The entire mechanism completes the complete action cycle through the forward and reverse rotation of a single rod. It has a compact structure and reliable transmission.

[0029] 3. The first trigger rod is linked to the discharge port baffle. When the discharge port is closed, it automatically drives the bottom support plate to close. The second trigger rod is linked to the distribution plate. When the distribution plate moves down, it automatically triggers the upper support plate to close. The trigger rod transmits the action through the meshing of the tooth segment and the drive gear. No electrical sensors or controllers are required, and the transmission is accurate and reliable.

[0030] 4. Ventilation gaps are left between each layer of material. Combined with the vents and water inlets on the side wall of the tank, each layer can be ventilated and supplied with oxygen and water independently, effectively avoiding anaerobic fermentation and improving the uniformity of composting. The mixing shaft runs through each layer and can mix each layer independently, further improving the fermentation quality. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the material distribution module structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the underlying support plate and the driving mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0036] Figure label: 1. Tank body; 11. Inlet; 12. Outlet; 13. Vent; 14. Water inlet; 2. Outlet baffle; 3. Distributor plate; 31. Support plate; 311. Tilting gear; 32. Fixing plate; 4. Elastic support component; 5. Drive mechanism; 51. Drive rod; 511. Spiral pattern; 52. Drive gear; 53. Moving block; 54. Sliding plate; 541. Slide groove; 55. Sliding rack; 551. First limit rod; 6. Unlocking mechanism; 61. Sliding block; 62. Unlocking block; 621. Second limit rod; 63. Elastic limit block; 631. Unlocking column; 7. First trigger rod; 8. Second trigger rod; 9. Motor; 91. Stirring shaft; 92. Stirring blade. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a crop straw recycling composting and fermentation device of this application includes a tank body 1. The upper end of the tank body 1 is provided with a feed inlet 11 and the lower end is provided with a discharge outlet 12. Two discharge outlet baffles 2 are rotatably installed at the discharge outlet 12. The discharge outlet baffles 2 can be flipped upward around the hinge axis to close and achieve opening and closing.

[0039] The tank body 1 has multiple sets of movable material distribution modules arranged at intervals from bottom to top, and a set of fixed material distribution modules arranged at the top.

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, each set of movable material distribution modules includes a material distribution plate 3, a support plate 31, and an elastic support 4. The material distribution plate 3 can be slidably installed on the guide rail on the inner wall of the tank 1. The support plate 31 can be rotated and installed on the material distribution plate 3 via a rotating shaft. It has two states: horizontally closed to receive the crushed straw and downward flipped to release the crushed straw. The support plate 31 is provided with multiple through holes for ventilation and filtration.

[0041] The elastic support 4 is set between the material distribution plate 3 and the fixed boss on the inner wall of the tank 1. In this embodiment, a metal spring is used. The elastic support 4 is used to support the material distribution plate 3 and provide elastic force to reset it upward. Its elastic coefficient is calculated and matched. When the crushed straw on the material distribution plate 3 accumulates to the preset full layer weight, the elastic support 4 is just compressed to the predetermined stroke, so that the material distribution plate 3 moves downward to the trigger position.

[0042] The fixed material distribution module is located at the top inside the tank 1 and includes a fixed plate 32 and a support plate 31. The fixed plate 32 is fixed to the inner wall of the tank 1 by bolts and cannot be moved up or down. The support plate 31 is also rotatably mounted on the fixed plate 32 by a pivot. The structure is the same as the support plate in the movable material distribution module. The fixed material distribution module does not have an elastic support 4 and a second trigger rod 8.

[0043] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, each support plate 31 has a rotating shaft with a flip gear 311 on both sides, and each batching module is also equipped with a drive mechanism 5 and an unlocking mechanism 6.

[0044] The drive mechanism 5 includes a drive rod 51, a drive gear 52, a moving block 53, a sliding plate 54, and a sliding rack 55. The drive rod 51 is rotatably mounted inside the side wall of the tank 1. The drive gear 52 is fixedly mounted on the drive rod 51. The drive rod 51 is also provided with a continuous spiral pattern 511. The moving block 53 is spirally connected to the drive rod 51 through the spiral pattern 511. When the drive rod 51 rotates, it can drive the moving block 53 to move axially.

[0045] The sliding plate 54 is slidably mounted on the vertical guide rail on the inner wall of the tank 1, such as... Figure 5 As shown, a groove 541 is provided on the sliding plate 54, and the moving block 53 is slidably engaged in the groove 541. The groove 541 has a preset empty stroke length in the direction of movement of the moving block 53.

[0046] The sliding rack 55 is slidably mounted on the guide rail on one side of the material distribution plate 3. Its tooth surface meshes with the flip gear 311. A first limiting rod 551 is provided below the sliding rack 55. The first limiting rod 551 passes through the sliding plate 54, so that when the sliding plate 54 moves vertically, it can drive the sliding rack 55 to move synchronously.

[0047] When the moving block 53 moves along the first direction (to the right in this embodiment), the moving block 53 abuts against the first side wall (right side wall) of the slide groove 541, pushing the sliding plate 54 and the sliding rack 55 to move synchronously. The sliding rack 55 drives the flipping gear 311 to rotate, thereby driving the support plate 31 to flip upward to a horizontal closed state. During the upward flipping process of the support plate 31, its edge contacts the inclined surface of the lower end face of the elastic limiting block 63. The inclined surface pushes the elastic limiting block 63 inward. After the support plate 31 passes, the elastic limiting block 63 automatically extends under the action of the internal spring and is stuck below the edge of the support plate 31, restricting the support plate 31 from flipping downward.

[0048] When the moving block 53 moves in the second direction (to the left) opposite to the first direction, the moving block 53 first moves within the empty stroke of the slide groove 541 without driving the sliding plate 54, until the moving block 53 moves to the limit position. During this stage, the sliding plate 54 and the sliding rack 55 remain stationary, providing an independent action time window for the unlocking mechanism 6.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, a first trigger rod 7 is provided between the bottommost active material distribution module and the discharge port baffle 2. The first trigger rod 7 is located near the discharge port 12 and is vertically slidably connected to the tank body 1 by a spring. The top of the first trigger rod 7 is provided with a toothed segment. When the discharge port baffle 2 flips upward and closes, its edge pushes the first trigger rod 7 upward. The toothed segment at the top of the first trigger rod 7 meshes with the drive gear 52 of the bottommost drive mechanism 5, driving the drive rod 51 to rotate in the first direction, thereby causing the bottommost support plate 31 to flip upward to a horizontal closed state.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, a second trigger rod 8 is fixedly installed above the material distribution plate 3 of each active material distribution module. The top of the second trigger rod 8 is also provided with a toothed segment. When the material distribution plate 3 of this layer moves down to the preset position under the load, the second trigger rod 8 moves down accordingly. The toothed segment at its top meshes with the drive gear 52 of the adjacent module above, driving the drive rod 51 to rotate in the first direction, thereby causing the support plate 31 of the upper module to flip upward to the horizontal closed state.

[0051] The fixed material distribution module does not include the second trigger rod 8 and the elastic support 4. Its support plate 31 is closed only by being triggered by the second trigger rod 8 of the adjacent movable material distribution module below, and the fixed plate 32 is fixedly installed and does not move down with the weight of the material. The fixed material distribution module is the natural end point of the layer-by-layer trigger chain.

[0052] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the unlocking mechanism 6 includes a sliding block 61, an unlocking block 62, and an elastic limiting block 63. The sliding block 61 is spirally connected to the drive rod 51 through the same spiral 511, and is axially spaced from the moving block 53 on the drive rod 51.

[0053] The unlocking block 62 is slidably installed below the material distribution plate 3. A second limiting rod 621 is provided below it. The second limiting rod 621 passes through the sliding block 61, so that the unlocking block 62 can move synchronously when the sliding block 61 moves.

[0054] The elastic limiting block 63 is slidably installed on both sides of the material distribution plate 3 and located below the support plate 31. The lower end face of the elastic limiting block 63 is inclined. Under normal conditions, the elastic limiting block 63 extends under the action of the internal spring and is stuck below the edge of the support plate 31, restricting the support plate 31 from flipping downward. An unlocking post 631 is provided below the elastic limiting block 63.

[0055] It is important to note that when the drive rod 51 rotates in the first direction, the moving block 53 moves in the first direction, driving the support plate 31 to flip upward and close. The support plate 31 automatically pushes open the elastic limit block 63 through the inclined surface and then locks it in place. At this time, the sliding block 61 does not participate in the unlocking action. When the drive rod 51 rotates in the direction that causes the moving block 53 to move in the second direction, the sliding block 61 simultaneously drives the unlocking block 62 to move towards the unlocking post 631. The unlocking block 62 cooperates with the unlocking post 631 to drive the elastic limit block 63 to retract and achieve unlocking. During the idle stroke stage of the slide groove 541, the sliding block 61 drives the unlocking block 62 to move and complete the unlocking of the elastic limit block 63. After unlocking, the support plate 31 flips downward around the axis under the action of gravity. During the flipping process, the flipping gear 311 drives the sliding rack 55 to move in the opposite direction. The sliding rack 55 drives the sliding plate 54 to move through the first limit rod 551, so that the first side wall of the slide groove 541 re-abuts against the moving block 53 and completes the reset.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, multiple sets of motors 9 are fixedly installed on the outside of the tank body 1. Each set of motors 9 corresponds to a batching module. The stirring spindle 91 is horizontally arranged inside the tank body 1 at the position corresponding to each batching module. The end of the stirring spindle 91 is connected to the output shaft of the corresponding motor 9. A stirring blade 92 is fixedly installed on the stirring spindle 91. The stirring blade 92 is located in the space above the support plate 31 of the corresponding batching module when it is horizontally closed, and is used to independently stir the straw after each layer of crushing.

[0057] The vertical spacing between the support plates 31 of the adjacent material distribution modules in the horizontally closed state is greater than the preset stacking height of a single layer of material. This ensures that when each layer of crushed straw is stacked to the preset weight, there is a ventilation gap between the top surface of the straw and the bottom surface of the upper material distribution module. This gap also provides space for the support plates 31 to flip downwards. The side wall of the tank 1 is provided with ventilation ports 13 and water inlets 14 at the positions corresponding to the ventilation gaps, which are used to ventilate and supply oxygen and replenish water to each layer of crushed straw.

[0058] The working principle of the crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device of the present invention is as follows: First, the discharge port baffle 2 is closed. When the discharge port baffle 2 is flipped upward and closed, its edge pushes the first trigger rod 7 upward. The toothed segment at the top of the first trigger rod 7 meshes with the drive gear 52 on the bottom drive rod 51, driving the bottom drive rod 51 to rotate in the first direction. The moving block 53 moves in the first direction (to the right) and pushes the sliding plate 54 through the first side wall of the slide groove 541. The sliding plate 54 drives the sliding rack 55 to move through the first limit rod 551. The sliding rack 55 drives the flipping gear 311 to rotate, causing the bottom support plate 31 to flip upward to the horizontal closed state. During the flipping process, the support plate 31 automatically pushes open the elastic limit block 63 through the inclined surface. After it is in place, the elastic limit block 63 pops out and locks. At this time, all other support plates are in the downward open state, and the inside of the tank is connected.

[0059] Then the crushed straw is fed into the feed inlet 11 and falls down along the inner cavity of the tank 1. It is received by the bottom horizontally closed support plate 31. When the bottom crushed straw accumulates to the preset weight, the elastic support 4 is compressed and the bottom distribution plate 3 moves downward to the preset trigger position.

[0060] The second trigger rod 8, fixed on the bottommost material distribution plate 3, moves down and its top tooth meshes with the drive gear 52 of the second-to-last material distribution module, driving the drive rod 51 to rotate in the first direction. The rotation of the drive rod 51 drives the moving block 53 of the layer to move in the first direction, and drives the sliding rack 55 through the slide groove 541, so that the layer support plate 31 flips upward to a horizontal closed state and is automatically locked by the inclined surface, and begins to receive the crushed straw.

[0061] Repeat the above process, the crushed straw is filled layer by layer upwards. When a certain layer is full, its distribution plate 3 moves down to trigger the upper layer support plate 31 to close. Each layer of crushed straw is independently supported by the support plate 31. Since the vertical distance between adjacent support plates 31 is greater than the preset stacking height of a single layer of material, there is a ventilation gap between the top surface of each layer of straw and the bottom surface of the upper distribution module. The bottom layer of straw will not be compacted due to the excessive stacking of the upper layer of straw. Finally, the support plate 31 of the uppermost fixed distribution module is triggered to close and is filled with crushed straw. The entire tank completes the layered filling from bottom to top. The fixed plate 32 of the fixed distribution module does not move down with the weight of the material and does not have a second trigger rod 8 and elastic support 4, so it naturally becomes the end point of the layer-by-layer triggering chain.

[0062] Each layer of crushed straw ferments in an independent space. The ventilation gap between the top surface of each layer of straw and the bottom surface of the upper material distribution module forms a ventilation channel with the ventilation port 13 on the side wall of the tank. External air can enter each layer evenly, ensuring that each layer of straw can obtain sufficient oxygen supply. This fundamentally avoids the problem of poor internal permeability and the formation of anaerobic areas when the crushed straw is piled up. The water inlet 14 can independently replenish water to each layer. During the fermentation process, the motor 9 corresponding to each layer can be started in time according to the process needs, driving the horizontally set stirring main shaft 91 to drive the stirring blades 92 to rotate, so as to independently stir the crushed straw in each layer and promote uniform fermentation.

[0063] After fermentation is complete, the discharge port baffle 2 is opened. When unloading is required, the drive rod 51 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction. The drive rod 51 rotates in the direction that causes the moving block 53 to move in the second direction. The sliding block 61 simultaneously drives the unlocking block 62 to move towards the unlocking post 631. The unlocking block 62 cooperates with the unlocking post 631 to drive the elastic limit block 63 to retract, thus completing the unlocking.

[0064] Since the left side of the slide 541 has a free travel, when the moving block 53 moves in the second direction (to the left), it does not contact the drive side wall of the slide 541 within the free travel range, so it does not drive the sliding plate 54 and the sliding rack 55, providing an independent time window for unlocking.

[0065] After unlocking, the support plate 31 rotates downward and opens under its own weight and the weight of the crushed straw. The crushed straw falls and is discharged from the discharge port 12. During the rotation of the support plate 31, the rotating gear 311 drives the sliding rack 55 to move in the opposite direction. The sliding rack 55 drives the sliding plate 54 to move through the first limit rod 551, so that the first side wall of the chute 541 re-abuts against the moving block 53 which has moved to the leftmost extreme position, completing the mechanism reset and preparing for the next round of feeding.

[0066] Each layer can be unloaded layer by layer in the same way from top to bottom or from bottom to top until it is completely emptied. Then, the discharge port baffle 2 is closed again, and the bottom support plate 31 is reinitialized to start a new composting cycle.

[0067] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention, and all such improvements should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composting and fermentation device for recycling crop straw, comprising a tank (1), wherein the upper end of the tank (1) is provided with a feed inlet (11) and the lower end with a discharge outlet (12), and the discharge outlet (12) is provided with an openable and closable discharge outlet baffle (2), characterized in that, The tank body (1) is equipped with multiple sets of movable material dispensing modules arranged at intervals from bottom to top, and a set of fixed material dispensing modules is arranged at the top. Each set of movable material dispensing modules includes a material dispensing plate (3), a support plate (31), and an elastic support member (4). The material dispensing plate (3) is slidably installed in the tank body (1), and the support plate (31) is rotatably installed on the material dispensing plate (3) via a rotating shaft, having two states: horizontally closed to receive materials and downwardly flipped to release materials. The elastic support member (4) is arranged between the material dispensing plate (3) and the tank body (1) to support the material dispensing plate (3). When the material on the material dispensing plate (3) reaches a preset weight, the elastic support member (4) is compressed, and the material dispensing plate (3) moves downward. The fixed material distribution module includes a fixed plate (32) fixedly installed inside the tank (1) and a support plate (31) that can be rotated and installed on the fixed plate via a rotating shaft. The support plate (31) also has the two states mentioned above. The movable material distribution modules are connected by a linkage mechanism between them and between the movable material distribution module and the fixed material distribution module. When the lower material distribution plate (3) is moved down to a preset position, it triggers the support plate (31) of the adjacent movable material distribution module or the fixed material distribution module above to rotate to a horizontal closed state. The bottom movable material distribution module is connected to the outlet baffle (2) by a first triggering mechanism, which is used to trigger the support plate (31) of the bottom movable material distribution module to rotate to a horizontal closed state when the outlet baffle (2) is closed.

2. The crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support plate (31) has rotating gears (311) on both sides of its rotating shaft; the linkage mechanism includes a drive mechanism (5), which includes a drive rod (51), a drive gear (52), a moving block (53), a sliding plate (54), and a sliding rack (55); the drive rod (51) is rotatably mounted inside the side wall of the tank (1), the drive gear (52) is fixedly mounted on the drive rod (51), and the drive rod (51) is also provided with a spiral pattern (511), through which the moving block (53) interacts with the drive rod (51). The moving rod (51) is helically connected; the sliding plate (54) is slidably installed on the inner wall of the tank (1), and a groove (541) is provided on the sliding plate (54). The moving block (53) is slidably fitted in the groove (541); the sliding rack (55) is slidably installed on one side of the material distribution plate (3) and is used to mesh with the flip gear (311) to drive the support plate (31) to flip; the sliding rack (55) and the sliding plate (54) are connected by the first limiting rod (551) so that the sliding plate (54) can drive the sliding rack (55) to move synchronously when it moves.

3. The crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first triggering mechanism includes a first triggering rod (7), which is located near the discharge port (12) and is vertically slidably connected to the tank body (1) by a spring; the top of the first triggering rod (7) is provided with a toothed segment; when the discharge port baffle (2) is closed, the discharge port baffle (2) pushes the first triggering rod (7) to move upward, and the toothed segment at the top of the first triggering rod (7) meshes with the drive gear (52) of the bottom drive mechanism (5), driving the drive rod (51) to rotate, so that the bottom support plate (31) flips to a horizontal closed state.

4. The crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linkage mechanism also includes a second trigger rod (8); the second trigger rod (8) is fixedly installed above the material distribution plate (3) of each active material distribution module, and its top end is provided with a toothed segment. When the material distribution plate (3) of this layer is lowered to the preset position, the second trigger rod (8) moves down accordingly, and the toothed segment at its top end meshes with the drive gear (52) of the adjacent module above, driving the drive rod (51) to rotate, thereby causing the support plate (31) of the upper module to flip to a horizontal closed state; the fixed material distribution module does not include the second trigger rod (8) and the elastic support member (4), and its support plate (31) is only closed by the second trigger rod (8) of the adjacent active material distribution module below. The fixed plate (32) of the fixed material distribution module is fixedly installed in the tank (1).

5. The crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slide (541) has a preset empty travel length in the direction of movement of the moving block (53). When the moving block (53) moves along the first direction, the moving block (53) abuts against the first side wall of the slide (541), pushing the sliding plate (54) and the sliding rack (55) to move synchronously, thereby driving the support plate (31) to flip to the horizontal closed state. When the moving block (53) moves along the second direction opposite to the first direction, the moving block (53) moves within the empty travel of the slide (541) without driving the sliding plate (54), until the moving block (53) moves to the limit position.

6. The crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each set of active and fixed material distribution modules also includes an unlocking mechanism (6), which includes a sliding block (61), an unlocking block (62), and an elastic limiting block (63). The sliding block (61) is spirally connected to the drive rod (51) via the spiral pattern (511), and is axially spaced from the moving block (53) on the drive rod (51). The unlocking block (62) is slidably installed below the material distribution plate (3) and is connected to the sliding block (61) via the second limiting rod (621), so that the sliding block (61) can drive the unlocking block (62) to move synchronously. The elastic limiting block (63) is slidably installed on both sides of the material distribution plate (3) and located below the support plate (31), and normally extends to restrict the support plate (31) from flipping downward. An unlocking post (631) is provided below the elastic limiting block (63). The lower end face of the limiting block (63) is inclined, which is used to push the elastic limiting block (63) to unlock when the support plate (31) is flipped upward, so that the support plate (31) can be flipped above the elastic limiting block (63). When the drive rod (51) rotates in the direction that makes the moving block (53) move in the second direction, the sliding block (61) drives the unlocking block (62) to move synchronously. The unlocking block (62) drives the elastic limiting block (63) to retract by cooperating with the unlocking post (631) to achieve unlocking. After unlocking, the support plate (31) flips downward around the axis under the action of gravity. During the flipping process, the sliding rack (55) is driven to move in the opposite direction by the flipping gear (311). The sliding rack (55) drives the sliding plate (54) to move through the first limiting rod (551), so that the first side wall of the slide groove (541) abuts against the moving block (53) again, and the reset is completed.

7. The crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple stirring mechanisms, each of which includes a motor (9) and a stirring shaft (91). The motor (9) is fixedly installed on the outside of the tank (1), and the stirring shaft (91) is horizontally arranged inside the tank (1) at the position corresponding to each material distribution module. Its end is connected to the output shaft of the motor (9). The stirring blades (92) are fixedly arranged on the stirring shaft (91) and are used to stir the materials of the corresponding material distribution module.

8. The crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical spacing between the support plates (31) of the adjacent material distribution modules in the horizontal closed state is greater than the preset stacking height of a single layer of material, so that when each layer of material is stacked to the preset weight, there is a ventilation gap between the top surface of the material and the bottom surface of the upper material distribution module. The side wall of the tank (1) is provided with a ventilation port (13) and a water inlet (14) corresponding to the ventilation gap.

9. The crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic support (4) is a metal spring or an elastic bellows, and its elastic coefficient is matched with the preset weight of the full layer of material to ensure that the material distribution plate (3) can move down to the trigger position when the full layer is reached.

10. A crop straw recycling and composting fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support plate (31) is provided with through holes for air permeation and filtration.

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