Compound fertilizer for improving disease resistance of rice and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of compound fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of rice and preparation method.The compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight: fermented organic fertilizer 40-65 parts, nitrogen fertilizer 8-15 parts, phosphorus fertilizer 5-12 parts, potassium fertilizer 6-14 parts, water-soluble silicon fertilizer 3-8 parts, zinc sulfate 0.5-2 parts, humic acid 3-7 parts, compound microbial inoculant 1-3 parts, seaweed extract 2-5 parts, polyglutamic acid 0.3-1 part, chitosan 0.5-2 parts, trace element chelate 0.2-0.8 parts.The present application significantly enhances the resistance of rice to rice blast, sheath blight, bunt and other diseases through the synergistic effect of three pathways of nutritional disease resistance, biological disease resistance and induced disease resistance, while providing comprehensive and balanced nutrition, reducing the amount of chemical pesticides, and having broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizer technology, specifically relating to a compound fertilizer and method for improving the disease resistance of rice. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is one of the world's most important food crops, and its yield and quality are directly related to food security and sustainable agricultural development. However, rice is often attacked by a variety of diseases during its growth, such as rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and rice false smut, which seriously affect its yield and quality.

[0003] Traditional methods for controlling rice diseases mainly rely on chemical pesticides. Although these pesticides can effectively control the disease in the short term, long-term and excessive use of chemical pesticides can lead to environmental pollution, increased pathogen resistance, and disruption of the ecological balance.

[0004] In the fertilizer field, some reports have explored improving rice's disease resistance through fertilizer formulation modifications. For example, patent CN120794751A discloses a silicon-containing compound fertilizer specifically for lodging resistance and disease prevention in rice. This fertilizer contains an organic composite matrix, straw liquefaction, water-soluble silicon fertilizer, humic acid, and microbial agents, among other components. Silicon promotes the formation of a silicified cell layer on the rice stem epidermis to enhance resistance. Patent CN108276221A uses silicon dioxide, well-rotted farmyard manure, and compound fertilizer combined with Trichoderma mycelium solution to strengthen rice's disease resistance. Patent CN119191908A discloses a compound fertilizer that controls rice blast by adding plant-derived organic fertilizer, animal-derived organic fertilizer, and Bacillus subtilis.

[0005] However, the existing technology still has the following shortcomings: (1) Most disease-resistant fertilizers focus on a single disease resistance pathway (such as relying solely on silicon or a single strain of bacteria), and lack a system design for multi-pathway synergistic disease resistance; (2) The activity of microbial agents in existing compound fertilizers is difficult to maintain during fertilizer storage, and the colonization efficiency is low after application; (3) There is a lack of precise fertilization methods for the disease resistance needs of rice at different growth stages; (4) The compatibility between functional components and basic nutrients in fertilizers needs to be optimized, and there are antagonistic effects between some components, affecting the overall effect.

[0006] Therefore, a new compound fertilizer is needed to improve the disease resistance of rice. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of rice, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-65 parts fermented organic fertilizer, 8-15 parts nitrogen fertilizer, 5-12 parts phosphate fertilizer, 6-14 parts potassium fertilizer, 3-8 parts water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 0.5-2 parts zinc sulfate, 3-7 parts humic acid, 1-3 parts compound microbial agent, 2-5 parts seaweed extract, 0.3-1 part polyglutamic acid, 0.5-2 parts chitosan, and 0.2-0.8 parts trace element chelate.

[0008] In one specific implementation, the fermented organic fertilizer is one or more of the following: well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, peat, and coconut coir, which are fermented and decomposed aerobically.

[0009] In one specific implementation, the compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis (… Bacillus subtle 40-60%, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 20-35%, Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Mucilaginous Bacillus 10-25% is composed according to the proportion of live bacteria, and the total live bacteria count is not less than 2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0010] In one specific embodiment, the chitosan has a molecular weight of 5 × 10⁻⁶. 4 ~2×10 5 Da, degree of deacetylation not less than 85%.

[0011] In one specific embodiment, the trace element chelate contains EDTA-chelated iron, manganese, copper, boron, and molybdenum elements in a ratio of Fe:Mn:Cu:B:Mo = 3:2:1:1.5:0.5.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound fertilizer, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1 mixes organic raw materials, adjusts the moisture content to 50-65%, inoculates fermentation agents, composts for 15-25 days, and after decomposition, crushes and sieves to obtain fermented organic fertilizer. S2 involves liquid fermentation culture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus mucilaginosus, respectively, under the following conditions: temperature 30–37℃, pH 6.5–7.5, culture time 36–48 hours. The fermentation broths of each strain are mixed in proportion and a protectant is added to prepare a compound microbial agent. S3 weighs and mixes fermented organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, water-soluble silicon fertilizer, zinc sulfate, humic acid, seaweed extract, polyglutamic acid, chitosan and trace element chelates according to the specified ratio. S4: When the temperature of the mixture drops below 40°C, add the compound microbial agent and continue mixing. S5 granulates the mixture and then dries it at 40-50℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%; S6 sieve and packaging are then obtained.

[0013] In one specific implementation, the mixing time in S3 is 15 to 30 minutes, and after adding the compound microbial agent in S4, the mixing continues for 5 to 10 minutes.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for improving the disease resistance of rice, comprising using the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in rice cultivation, specifically including the following steps: (1) Base fertilizer application: Before rice transplanting or direct seeding, apply 30-50 kg / mu of the compound fertilizer as base fertilizer and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. (2) Topdressing during the tillering stage: Apply 8-15 kg / mu of the compound fertilizer mentioned above at the early tillering stage of rice; (3) Topdressing during the booting stage: Apply 5-10 kg / mu of the compound fertilizer mentioned above during the booting stage of rice, and spray potassium silicate solution on the leaves once at the same time. (4) Management during the high incidence of diseases: 5 to 7 days before the high incidence of diseases, the compound fertilizer is diluted with water at a weight ratio of 1:10 and soaked for 24 hours. The supernatant is then used for foliar spraying, or the compound fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 5 to 8 kg / mu.

[0015] In one specific implementation plan, the topdressing method in step (2) is to apply the topdressing and then irrigate with shallow water to maintain the water layer for 3 to 5 days.

[0016] In one specific implementation, the concentration of the potassium silicate solution in step (3) is 0.3-0.5%.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the compound fertilizer of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Synergistic Disease Resistance Through Multiple Pathways: This invention systematically enhances the disease resistance of rice through the synergistic effects of three pathways: nutritional disease resistance (silicon, zinc, humic acid, etc.), biological disease resistance (compound microbial agents), and induced disease resistance (chitosan, seaweed extracts, etc.). Silicon promotes the formation of silicified cell layers in the epidermis of rice stems and leaves, increases cell wall thickness, and forms a physical barrier; chitosan, as a plant immune inducer, can stimulate systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in rice; the compound microbial agents inhibit pathogens through multiple mechanisms such as competitive exclusion, production of antimicrobial substances, and induction of host defense.

[0018] (2) The microbial agent activity is well maintained: By adding the microbial agent at low temperature before granulation and protecting it with organic matter and humic acid, the activity of the microbial agent is effectively guaranteed during fertilizer storage and transportation, and the colonization rate is high after being applied to the soil.

[0019] (3) Comprehensive and balanced nutrients: The compound fertilizer of this invention combines the long-lasting effect of organic fertilizer, the fast-acting effect of inorganic fertilizer and the biological activity of microbial fertilizer. It can not only meet the nutritional needs of rice throughout its entire growth period, but also continuously improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility.

[0020] (4) Targeted fertilization method: Based on the disease resistance needs of rice at different growth stages, this invention designs a phased fertilization scheme for basal fertilizer, topdressing during tillering, topdressing during booting, and management during the high incidence of diseases, thereby maximizing the disease resistance effect.

[0021] (5) Environmentally friendly: This invention reduces the amount of chemical pesticides used, lowers the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution, and meets the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. Example 1

[0023] The compound fertilizer in this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 52 parts fermented organic fertilizer, 12 parts urea, 8 parts monoammonium phosphate, 10 parts potassium chloride, 5 parts sodium silicate, 1.2 parts zinc sulfate, 5 parts humic acid, 2 parts compound microbial agent, 3.5 parts seaweed extract, 0.6 parts polyglutamic acid, 1.2 parts chitosan, and 0.5 parts trace element chelate.

[0024] The fermented organic fertilizer is made by aerobic fermentation of well-rotted cow manure, rice straw, peat, and coconut coir in a weight ratio of 4:3:2:1. The compound microbial agent consists of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus mucilage in a viable bacteria ratio of 50:30:20, with a total viable bacteria count of 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g. Chitosan molecular weight is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 5 Da has a degree of deacetylation of 90%.

[0025] Preparation method: (1) Mix cow dung, rice straw, peat and coconut coir in proportion, adjust the moisture content to 60%, inoculate with EM fermentation agent, compost for 20 days, turn the pile 4 times during the period, and crush it through a 60-mesh sieve after it is fully decomposed. (2) Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus mucilage were liquid fermented at 37°C and pH 7.0 for 40 hours, and the viable cell count reached 10. 9Stop when the concentration of CFU / mL is above 100%. After mixing in the correct proportion, add 5% glycerol as a preservative. (3) Weigh the fermented organic fertilizer, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, sodium silicate, zinc sulfate, humic acid, seaweed extract, polyglutamic acid, chitosan and trace element chelate according to the ratio, and put them into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and mix for 20 minutes. (4) When the temperature of the mixture drops to 38°C, spray the compound microbial agent evenly and continue mixing for 8 minutes; (5) The material is fed into a rotary drum granulator for granulation and dried in a low-temperature fluidized bed at 45°C to a moisture content of 10%; (6) Collect particles with a diameter of 2.5 to 3.5 mm by sieving and package them.

[0026] Application method: Base fertilizer: Apply 40 kg / mu of compound fertilizer in conjunction with land preparation before transplanting, and plow it into the soil to a depth of 18 cm; Topdressing during tillering stage: 12 days after transplanting (early tillering stage), apply compound fertilizer at 12 kg / mu, and irrigate with shallow water (3-5 cm deep) after spreading, maintaining the water level for 5 days; Topdressing during the booting stage: 55 days after transplanting (booting stage), apply 8 kg / mu of compound fertilizer and spray the leaves with 0.4% potassium silicate solution once. Management during the peak disease period: 7 days before the peak period of rice blast, use compound fertilizer diluted with water at a ratio of 1:10, soak for 24 hours, and then spray the supernatant on the leaves at a rate of 6 kg / mu.

[0027] Effect verification: A comparative experiment was conducted under the same field management conditions, using conventional compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 15-15-15) as a control.

[0028] The results are as follows: Rice blast disease index: The compound fertilizer treatment group of this invention had an index of 12.3, while the control group had an index of 31.7, with a relative control efficacy of 61.2%. Incidence of sheath blight: 8.5% in the treatment group of this invention and 23.6% in the control group; Rice yield: The yield of the treatment group was 682.5 kg / mu, while that of the control group was 591.3 kg / mu, representing an increase of 15.4%. Silicon content in stems: The silicon content in the stems of the treatment group of this invention was 4.82%, while that of the control group was 2.91%, representing an increase of 65.6%. Example 2

[0029] The compound fertilizer in this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts fermented organic fertilizer, 10 parts urea, 10 parts diammonium phosphate, 12 parts potassium sulfate, 6 parts potassium silicate, 1.5 parts zinc sulfate, 6 parts humic acid, 2.5 parts compound microbial agent, 4 parts seaweed extract, 0.8 parts polyglutamic acid, 1.5 parts chitosan, and 0.6 parts trace element chelate.

[0030] The fermented organic fertilizer is made by aerobic fermentation of well-rotted pig manure, corn stalks, and peat in a weight ratio of 5:3:2. The compound microbial agent consists of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus mucilage in a viable bacteria ratio of 45:35:20, with a total viable bacteria count of 3.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0031] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0032] Application method: 45 kg / mu as base fertilizer, 10 kg / mu as topdressing during the tillering stage, and 6 kg / mu as topdressing during the booting stage. Management during the high incidence of diseases is the same as in Example 1.

[0033] Effect verification: A conventional compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 15-15-15) was used as a control. The results showed: Rice blast disease index: The treatment group of this invention was 10.8, while the control group was 29.5, with a relative control efficacy of 63.4%. Incidence of bakanae disease: 3.2% in the treatment group and 12.8% in the control group; Rice yield: The yield of the treatment group was 698.7 kg / mu, while that of the control group was 602.5 kg / mu, representing an increase of 16.0%. Example 3

[0034] The compound fertilizer in this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts fermented organic fertilizer, 14 parts urea, 6 parts monoammonium phosphate, 8 parts potassium chloride, 4 parts sodium silicate, 0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 4 parts humic acid, 1.5 parts compound microbial agent, 2.5 parts seaweed extract, 0.5 parts polyglutamic acid, 0.8 parts chitosan, and 0.4 parts trace element chelate.

[0035] Fermented organic fertilizer is made by aerobic fermentation of a mixture of well-rotted chicken manure, rice straw, and coconut coir in a weight ratio of 4:4:2. The composition and preparation method of the compound microbial agent are the same as in Example 1.

[0036] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0037] Application method: The base fertilizer application rate is 35 kg / mu, the topdressing during the tillering stage is 10 kg / mu, the topdressing during the booting stage is 5 kg / mu, and the management during the high incidence of diseases is the same as in Example 1.

[0038] Effect verification: A conventional compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 15-15-15) was used as a control. The results are as follows: Rice blast disease index: The treatment group of this invention was 13.5, while the control group was 33.2, with a relative control efficacy of 59.3%. Incidence of bacterial blight: 6.8% in the treatment group and 18.5% in the control group; Rice yield: The yield of the treatment group was 665.8 kg / mu, while that of the control group was 578.4 kg / mu, representing an increase of 15.1%.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of rice, characterized in that, It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-65 parts fermented organic fertilizer, 8-15 parts nitrogen fertilizer, 5-12 parts phosphate fertilizer, 6-14 parts potassium fertilizer, 3-8 parts water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 0.5-2 parts zinc sulfate, 3-7 parts humic acid, 1-3 parts compound microbial agent, 2-5 parts seaweed extract, 0.3-1 part polyglutamic acid, 0.5-2 parts chitosan, and 0.2-0.8 parts trace element chelate.

2. The compound fertilizer for improving rice disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermented organic fertilizer is a mixture of one or more of the following: well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, peat, and coconut coir, which is produced through aerobic fermentation.

3. The compound fertilizer for improving rice disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis 40-60%, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 20-35%, Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Bacillus mucilaginosus 10-25% is composed according to the proportion of live bacteria, and the total live bacteria count is not less than 2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

4. The compound fertilizer for improving rice disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molecular weight of the chitosan is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 4 ~2×10 5 Da, degree of deacetylation not less than 85%.

5. The compound fertilizer for improving rice disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trace element chelate contains EDTA-chelated iron, manganese, copper, boron, and molybdenum, with the content ratio of each element being Fe:Mn:Cu:B:Mo = 3:2:1:1.5:0.

5.

6. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving the disease resistance of rice as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix the organic raw materials, adjust the moisture content to 50-65%, inoculate with fermentation agent, compost for 15-25 days, crush and sieve after decomposition to obtain fermented organic fertilizer; (2) Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus were cultured in liquid fermentation. The fermentation conditions were 30-37℃, pH 6.5-7.5, and cultured for 36-48 hours. The fermentation liquids of each strain were mixed in proportion and a protective agent was added to prepare a compound microbial agent. (3) Weigh the fermented organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, water-soluble silicon fertilizer, zinc sulfate, humic acid, seaweed extract, polyglutamic acid, chitosan and trace element chelate according to the proportion and mix them evenly. (4) Add the compound microbial agent when the temperature of the mixture drops below 40°C, and continue mixing; (5) After granulation, the mixture is dried at 40-50℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%; (6) The product is obtained by screening and packaging.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mixing time in step (3) is 15 to 30 minutes, and the mixing time in step (4) is 5 to 10 minutes after adding the compound microbial agent.

8. A method for improving the disease resistance of rice, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: (1) Base fertilizer application: Before rice transplanting or direct seeding, apply 30-50 kg / mu of the compound fertilizer as base fertilizer and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. (2) Topdressing during the tillering stage: Apply 8-15 kg / mu of the compound fertilizer mentioned above at the early tillering stage of rice; (3) Topdressing during the booting stage: Apply 5-10 kg / mu of the compound fertilizer mentioned above during the booting stage of rice, and spray potassium silicate solution on the leaves once at the same time. (4) Management during the high incidence of diseases: 5 to 7 days before the high incidence of diseases, the compound fertilizer is diluted with water at a weight ratio of 1:10 and soaked for 24 hours. The supernatant is then used for foliar spraying, or the compound fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 5 to 8 kg / mu.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step (2), the topdressing method is to apply the topdressing and then irrigate with shallow water, maintaining the water layer for 3 to 5 days.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The concentration of the potassium silicate solution in step (3) is 0.3-0.5%.