A special formula fertilizer for citrus based on ore powder as raw material, a preparation method and application thereof in orange orchard

Abstract

The application discloses a special formula fertilizer for citrus based on mineral powder as raw materials, a preparation method and application thereof in orange orchards, and belongs to the technical field of special formula fertilizers for citrus.The special formula fertilizer is prepared from urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, humic acid, borax, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, electrolytic manganese residue and diatomite in a proportion of weight parts; the preparation is completed through processes of raw material crushing, rotary drum agglomeration granulation, addition of trace elements, drying, screening and cooling; and when applied, lime, citrus marsh organic fertilizer and other materials can be matched according to the different pH values (acidity, neutrality and alkalinity) of orchard soil, and corresponding application proportions and modes are adopted.The application realizes the resource recycling of electrolytic manganese residue, has the dual effects of nutrient supply and soil improvement, can effectively solve the problems of yield reduction and quality decline of citrus caused by soil nutrient imbalance in mountain orange orchards, and is simple and convenient in preparation process, environment-friendly, and suitable for large-scale promotion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of citrus-specific compound fertilizer technology, and in particular to a citrus-specific compound fertilizer based on mineral powder as raw material, its preparation method, and its application in citrus orchards. Background Technology

[0002] Citrus is an important economic fruit tree, especially widely distributed in mountainous planting areas. However, mountain citrus orchards generally suffer from poor soil structure and uneven distribution of nutrients. Long-term application of traditional single-element fertilizers or general compound fertilizers can easily lead to increased soil acidification or alkalization and nutrient imbalance, which in turn weakens citrus trees, reduces fruit yield, and lowers fruit quality, seriously restricting the sustainable development of the citrus industry.

[0003] Meanwhile, the electrolytic manganese industry generates a massive accumulation of electrolytic manganese slag. Although it contains various mineral elements, due to a lack of reasonable resource utilization methods, most of it is disposed of through centralized stockpiling or landfill. This treatment method not only occupies a large amount of land resources but also easily causes soil and water pollution, and the treatment cost is high, placing a dual burden on enterprises and the environment.

[0004] Existing citrus-specific compound fertilizers have several shortcomings: some fertilizers only focus on supplying macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, lacking micronutrients such as boron, molybdenum, and zinc, thus failing to meet the comprehensive nutrient needs of citrus growth; some soil-improving fertilizers lack specificity and are difficult to adapt to different soil types, such as acidic and alkaline soils; and some fertilizers do not address the needs of solid waste resource utilization, failing to solve the problem of industrial waste pollution or achieve diversified fertilizer functions. Therefore, developing a citrus-specific compound fertilizer that combines balanced nutrient supply, soil pH adjustment, and industrial solid waste resource utilization has become an urgent need in the fields of citrus cultivation and solid waste treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve the technical problems of soil nutrient imbalance in mountainous citrus orchards, poor targeting of traditional citrus fertilizers, low resource utilization rate of electrolytic manganese slag and environmental pollution. It provides a citrus-specific compound fertilizer based on mineral powder as raw material, its preparation method and its application in citrus orchards.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A citrus-specific formulated fertilizer based on mineral powder is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight percentage:

[0008] Urea: 20-35%;

[0009] Diammonium phosphate: 20-30%;

[0010] Potassium sulfate: 15-33%;

[0011] Humic acid: 3-12%;

[0012] Borax: 0.1-2.6%;

[0013] Ammonium molybdate: 0.1-2.0%;

[0014] Zinc sulfate heptahydrate: 0.3-4%;

[0015] Electrolytic manganese slag (mineral powder): 10-20%;

[0016] Diatomaceous earth: 5-15%;

[0017] The preparation method of citrus-specific compound fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0018] Raw material pretreatment: Urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, electrolytic manganese slag, and diatomaceous earth are respectively put into a pulverizer for pulverization. After pulverization, the material is passed through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain pretreated powder for later use. Among them, the electrolytic manganese slag needs to be pre-treated to remove impurities, such as large pieces of sand and metal fragments.

[0019] Granulation of basic materials: The pretreated urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, electrolytic manganese slag, and diatomaceous earth powder are mixed evenly in proportion and fed into the rolling bed of the rotary drum granulator; hot air at a temperature of 60-80℃ is introduced into the rolling bed, and deionized water is sprayed to adjust the material humidity to 20-30%, so that the material is initially agglomerated and granulated during the rolling of the drum. The granulation time is controlled to be 20-30 minutes.

[0020] Adding trace elements: After the basic material is initially granulated, powdered humic acid, borax, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and ammonium molybdate are evenly sprinkled into the rotary drum granulator. Granulation continues for 15-20 minutes to ensure that the trace elements are evenly coated on the surface of the basic granules or embedded inside the granules, forming compound fertilizer granules.

[0021] Drying, screening, and cooling: The granulated material is fed into a dryer and dried at 70-90℃ for 1-2 hours to reduce the moisture content to below 5%. After drying, the material is screened by a vibrating screen to select particles with a diameter of 2-4mm. Particles that are too large are returned to the crusher for reprocessing, while particles that are too small are returned to the rotary drum granulator for regranulation. The qualified particles are sent to a cooler and cooled to room temperature to obtain the finished citrus-specific compound fertilizer.

[0022] Application method of citrus-specific compound fertilizer: Different application plans are adopted according to the different pH values ​​of the orchard soil, as follows:

[0023] Neutral orchards with soil pH of 5.5-6.5

[0024] Dosage: For orchards with a yield of 2000 kg per mu, apply 200 kg of citrus-specific compound fertilizer per mu; for every additional 500 kg per mu of yield, increase the application of the compound fertilizer by 50-150 kg.

[0025] Application ratio: Apply twice. The first application is before spring budding, accounting for 40-50% of the total amount of special formula fertilizer for the whole year; the second application is from the end of June to the beginning of July as a fruit-strengthening fertilizer, accounting for 50-60% of the total amount of special formula fertilizer for the whole year.

[0026] Acidic orchards with soil pH below 5

[0027] Dosage: For orchards with a yield of 2000 kg per mu, apply 200 kg of citrus-specific compound fertilizer and 50-100 kg of lime per mu; for every additional 500 kg of yield per mu, increase the application of the compound fertilizer by 50-150 kg and the application of lime by 10-20 kg.

[0028] Application ratio: Apply twice. The first application is before spring budding. First, spread lime throughout the orchard, then apply the special formula fertilizer. The amount of special formula fertilizer applied accounts for 40-50% of the total annual amount. The second application is from the end of June to the beginning of July. Apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer. The amount of special formula fertilizer applied accounts for 50-60% of the total annual amount.

[0029] Alkaline orchards with soil pH above 7

[0030] Dosage: For orchards with a yield of 2000 kg per mu, apply 200 kg of citrus-specific compound fertilizer and 1000-2000 kg of citrus biogas organic fertilizer per mu; for every 500 kg increase in yield per mu, increase the application of compound fertilizer by 50-150 kg and increase the application of organic fertilizer by 200-300 kg.

[0031] Application ratio: Apply in two applications. The first application is a special formula fertilizer before spring budding, accounting for 40-50% of the total amount of special formula fertilizer for the year. Citrus biogas organic fertilizer can be applied before spring budding or before and after fruit harvest, accounting for 60-70% of the total amount of organic fertilizer for the year. The second application is a fruit-strengthening fertilizer from the end of June to the beginning of July, accounting for 30-40% of the total amount of organic fertilizer and 50-60% of the total amount of special formula fertilizer for the year.

[0032] General fertilization methods

[0033] Basic fertilization: Use trench or hole application. Dig a fertilization trench or hole 15-20cm deep and 10-15cm wide around the drip line of the fruit tree. Mix the special formula fertilizer with the topsoil thoroughly and fill the trench / hole, then cover with new soil.

[0034] Supplementary fertilization: Mix the special formula fertilizer with the fermented vegetable waste water to make a fertilizer solution with a concentration of 0.3-1%. Apply the solution by watering or drenching 3-5 times during the flowering and young fruit stages of citrus to supplement the nutrients needed for crop growth.

[0035] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0036] This invention's special formula fertilizer contains macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, micronutrients such as boron, molybdenum, and zinc, as well as conditioning components such as humic acid and diatomaceous earth. It can comprehensively meet the nutrient needs of citrus throughout its growth cycle, improve the soil nutrient imbalance in mountain citrus orchards, and enhance the yield and quality of citrus fruits.

[0037] This invention introduces electrolytic manganese slag as a mineral powder base material into fertilizer formulation, which not only realizes the resource reuse of minerals in manganese slag, but also alleviates the environmental pollution problems caused by centralized stockpiling and landfilling of electrolytic manganese slag, and significantly reduces the treatment cost of industrial solid waste.

[0038] This invention develops differentiated application schemes for acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils, which can simultaneously achieve nutrient supply and soil pH adjustment, improve soil physicochemical properties, and create a suitable soil environment for citrus growth.

[0039] The preparation process of this invention is a secondary processing of basic fertilizers, with no toxic or harmful pollutant emissions throughout the process. The raw materials are all solid and widely available, making them easy to scale up and promote. The application methods are flexible, with trenching, hole application, and drenching methods adaptable to different planting scenarios, and the operation threshold is low. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the citrus-specific compound fertilizer of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1: Citrus-specific formulated fertilizer adapted to neutral soil and its application

[0043] 1. Specialized fertilizer formula (by weight percentage)

[0044] Urea 28%, diammonium phosphate 25%, potassium sulfate 20%, humic acid 8%, borax 1.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.8%, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 1.5%, electrolytic manganese slag (mineral powder) 12%, diatomaceous earth 3.5%.

[0045] 2. Preparation process

[0046] Raw material pretreatment: Each raw material is crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve. The electrolytic manganese slag is pre-treated to remove sand and gravel impurities.

[0047] Basic granulation: Mix urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, electrolytic manganese slag, and diatomaceous earth powder in proportion, feed them into a rotary drum granulator, pass in a 70℃ hot air stream, spray deionized water to adjust the humidity to 25%, and granulate by rolling for 25 minutes.

[0048] Add trace elements: Sprinkle humic acid, borax, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and ammonium molybdate powder at a uniform speed, and continue granulation for 18 minutes.

[0049] Drying, sieving, and cooling: Dry at 75℃ for 1.5 hours, sieve to select 2-4mm particles, and cool to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

[0050] 3. Application Scheme

[0051] In a citrus orchard with neutral soil (pH=6.0), the yield was 2000 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). 200 kg of this special formula fertilizer was applied per mu. 80 kg (40%) was applied before bud break in spring, and 120 kg (60%) was applied at the end of June. The fertilizer was applied in trenches along the drip line, with the trenches mixed with soil and then backfilled. After fruit harvest, statistics showed that the orchard yield increased by 12% per mu, and the soluble solids content of the fruit increased by 1.5 percentage points.

[0052] Example 2: Citrus-specific formulated fertilizer adapted to acidic soil and its application

[0053] 1. Specialized fertilizer formula (by weight percentage)

[0054] Urea 30%, diammonium phosphate 22%, potassium sulfate 18%, humic acid 6%, borax 1.0%, ammonium molybdate 0.5%, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 1.0%, electrolytic manganese slag (mineral powder) 15%, diatomaceous earth 6.5%.

[0055] 2. Preparation process

[0056] Same as Example 1, except that the temperature of the granulation hot airflow is adjusted to 75°C and the drying temperature is adjusted to 80°C.

[0057] 3. Application Scheme

[0058] In a citrus orchard with acidic soil (pH=4.5), the yield was 2000 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). Each mu was treated with 200 kg of this special formula fertilizer and 80 kg of lime. Before spring budding, lime was first applied, followed by 80 kg of the special formula fertilizer (40%) applied in furrows. At the end of June, another 120 kg of the special formula fertilizer (60%) was applied in furrows. The following year, the soil pH rose to 5.2, the incidence of citrus yellow leaf disease decreased by 8%, and the yield per mu increased by 15%.

[0059] Example 3: Citrus-specific formulated fertilizer adapted to alkaline soil and its application

[0060] 1. Specialized fertilizer formula (by weight percentage)

[0061] Urea 25%, diammonium phosphate 28%, potassium sulfate 16%, humic acid 10%, borax 1.5%, ammonium molybdate 1.0%, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 2.0%, electrolytic manganese slag (mineral powder) 10%, diatomaceous earth 6%.

[0062] 2. Preparation process

[0063] Same as Example 1, except that the granulation humidity was adjusted to 28% and the drying time was extended to 2 hours.

[0064] 3. Application Scheme

[0065] In a citrus orchard with alkaline soil (pH=7.5), the yield was 2000 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). Each mu was fertilized with 200 kg of this special formula fertilizer and 1500 kg of citrus biogas organic fertilizer. Before spring budding, 100 kg of the special formula fertilizer (50%) and 900 kg of organic fertilizer (60%) were applied. At the end of June, another 100 kg of the special formula fertilizer (50%) and 600 kg of organic fertilizer (40%) were applied, using a combination of hole application and irrigation (0.5% of the special formula fertilizer diluted with vegetable waste water). After fruit ripening, the sugar-acid ratio of the citrus fruits increased to 12:1, and the soil pH returned to 7.0.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A citrus special formula fertilizer based on mineral powder as raw material, characterized in that, It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight percentage: urea 20-35%, diammonium phosphate 20-30%, potassium sulfate 15-33%, humic acid 3-12%, borax 0.1-2.6%, ammonium molybdate 0.1-2.0%, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 0.3-4%, electrolytic manganese slag (mineral powder) 10-20%, and diatomaceous earth 5-15%.

2. The citrus-specific formula fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolytic manganese slag needs to be pre-treated to remove impurities, such as large pieces of sand and metal fragments.

3. A method of preparing the citrus-specific formula fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, electrolytic manganese slag, and diatomaceous earth are crushed and passed through an 80-100 mesh sieve for later use; S2. Basic material granulation: Mix the urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, electrolytic manganese slag and diatomite powder after the pretreatment in step (1) in proportion, send them into the rotary drum granulator, pass in a hot airflow of 60-80℃, adjust the material humidity to 20-30%, and granulate for 20-30 minutes. S3. Add trace elements: Sprinkle humic acid, borax, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and ammonium molybdate powder into the rotary drum granulator and continue granulation for 15-20 minutes. S4. Drying, sieving and cooling: Dry the granulated material at 70-90℃ for 1-2 hours until the moisture content is ≤5%, sieve to select 2-4mm particles, and cool to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the citrus-specific formula fertilizer is prepared by the steps of: In step (2), the reagent used to adjust the humidity of the material is deionized water.

5. The method of using the citrus-specific formula fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Differentiated application schemes are adopted based on the pH value of the orchard soil, as follows: (1) When the soil pH is 5.5-6.5, apply 200 kg of special formula fertilizer per mu to an orchard with a yield of 2000 kg per mu, in two applications: 40-50% before spring budding and 50-60% from the end of June to the beginning of July; (2) When the soil pH value is below 5, apply 200 kg of special formula fertilizer and 50-100 kg of lime per mu to orchards with a yield of 2000 kg per mu. Before spring budding, first spread lime and then apply 40-50% of special formula fertilizer. Apply 50-60% of special formula fertilizer from the end of June to the beginning of July. (3) When the soil pH value is above 7, apply 200 kg of special formula fertilizer and 1000-2000 kg of citrus biogas organic fertilizer per mu for orchards with a yield of 2000 kg per mu. Apply 40-50% special formula fertilizer and 60-70% organic fertilizer before spring budding, and apply 50-60% special formula fertilizer and 30-40% organic fertilizer from the end of June to the beginning of July.

6. The application method of the citrus-specific formula fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fertilization methods are trench application, hole application, or fertilizer solution irrigation, wherein the fertilizer solution is a 0.3-1% concentration solution made by mixing special formula fertilizer with fermented vegetable waste water.

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