High-weather-resistance anti-aging compensation special cable

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high weather-resistant anti-aging compensation special cable, belong to cable technical field.The high weather-resistant anti-aging compensation special cable provided by the application, by mass fraction, includes the following components: hydrogenated nitrile rubber 100 parts, graphene coated ceramic 20-30 parts, carbon black 15-20 parts, cerium-based ultraviolet absorption rare earth complex 3-5 parts, antioxidant 1-2 parts, microcrystalline wax 1.5-2.5 parts, plasticizer 5-8 parts, active agent 5-6 parts, vulcanizing agent 3-4 parts, co-crosslinking agent 2-3 parts.The application adds graphene coated ceramic and cerium-based ultraviolet absorption rare earth complex in cable, both synergies from physical barrier and chemical stability two dimensions, realizes the resistance of cable to light, heat, oxygen, humidity and other multiple aging factors, can withstand long-term intense ultraviolet radiation, wide temperature range cycle, high humidity and corrosion medium erosion, with excellent anti-aging, anti-cracking and anti-wear performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable technology, specifically to a special cable with high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation. Background Technology

[0002] Weather-resistant and anti-aging specialty cables are crucial for ensuring the long-term stable operation of critical infrastructure in energy, communications, transportation, and national defense under extreme natural environments. These cables are widely used in offshore wind power, photovoltaic power plants, high-speed railways, cross-sea bridges, power transmission networks in remote mountainous areas, and military field facilities, where they are exposed to intense ultraviolet radiation, drastic temperature cycles, high humidity, salt spray, ozone, and atmospheric pollution for extended periods. Maintaining insulation reliability, mechanical integrity, and signal transmission stability for decades is essential to prevent power outages, communication failures, and even major safety accidents caused by cable aging and failure. This is of paramount importance for ensuring public safety and economic operation.

[0003] Existing cable materials still have some shortcomings when facing the aforementioned harsh composite aging conditions. The protective mechanisms of traditional sheath materials are relatively simple and passive. For example, ordinary chlorosulfonated polyethylene or ethylene propylene rubber, although they have a certain degree of weather resistance, mainly rely on the addition of organic ultraviolet absorbers and antioxidants. These small organic molecules will gradually migrate, volatilize, and be completely consumed under long-term strong ultraviolet and heat-oxidation, leading to a rapid decline in protective performance. Moreover, conventional fillers (such as carbon black and ordinary minerals) are difficult to effectively block the penetration of water vapor and corrosive media. Secondly, there is often no synergistic effect between the components of the material system. For example, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve properties such as ultraviolet resistance, water and oxygen barrier, improved thermal conductivity to reduce internal heat accumulation, and resistance to mechanical wear, resulting in performance shortcomings of the material under complex stress.

[0004] Given the shortcomings of existing technologies, it is essential to propose a new type of high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a special cable with high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation.

[0006] This invention provides a high weather-resistant and anti-aging compensation special cable, which, by weight, comprises the following components: 100 parts hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 20-30 parts graphene-coated ceramic, 15-20 parts carbon black, 3-5 parts cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex, 1-2 parts antioxidant, 1.5-2.5 parts microcrystalline wax, 5-8 parts plasticizer, 5-6 parts activator, 3-4 parts vulcanizing agent, and 2-3 parts co-crosslinking agent; The graphene-coated ceramics are prepared by the following steps: S1: Alumina ceramic microspheres are dispersed in solvent I, silane coupling agent is added and refluxed. After the reaction is completed, centrifugation, washing and drying are performed to obtain aminated alumina ceramic microspheres. S2: Add aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to the graphene oxide dispersion, adjust the pH value, stir the reaction and collect by centrifugation; S3: Disperse the solid collected in S2 in deionized water, add a reducing agent and stir to react. After centrifugation, wash, dry and sieve to obtain graphene-coated ceramic.

[0007] In some embodiments, the ratio of alumina ceramic microspheres to silane coupling agent is 10g:0.8-2mL; the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH-550 and KH-560; solvent I is selected from at least one of anhydrous ethanol and isopropanol.

[0008] In some embodiments, the ratio of aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to graphene oxide dispersion is 0.8-1.2 g: 10 mL; the concentration of graphene oxide dispersion is 4-6 mg / mL.

[0009] In some embodiments, the reducing agent is selected from at least one of ascorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and tannic acid, and the mass amount of the reducing agent is 4.5-5% of the mass of the aminated alumina ceramic microspheres.

[0010] In some embodiments, in S1, the reaction is carried out under reflux at 65-75°C for 3.5-4.5 hours; in S2, the pH is adjusted to 4-5, and the reaction is carried out under stirring at 450-550 rpm at 40-50°C for 5.5-6.5 hours; in S3, the reaction is carried out under 90-100°C for 7-9 hours.

[0011] In some embodiments, the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complex is prepared by the following steps: (1) Mix 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and sodium hydroxide in solvent II and stir to obtain a sodium salt solution of ligand; (2) Disperse cerium nitrate hexahydrate in an aqueous ethanol solution to obtain a cerium salt solution; (3) The cerium salt solution was added dropwise to the sodium salt solution of the ligand and refluxed. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex.

[0012] In some embodiments, the ratio of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, sodium hydroxide, and solvent II is 12-13 g: 1-3 g: 150 mL; solvent II is selected from at least one of anhydrous ethanol and anhydrous methanol; the ratio of cerium nitrate hexahydrate to aqueous ethanol solution is 10.5-11.2 g: 100 mL, and the volume concentration of the aqueous ethanol solution is 45-55%.

[0013] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the cerium salt solution to the sodium ligand solution is 1.8-2.2:2.6-3.1.

[0014] In some embodiments, in step (1), the stirring temperature is 55-65°C; in step (3), the reflux reaction is carried out at 75-80°C for 5-7 hours.

[0015] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is obtained by mixing antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant TPP at a mass ratio of 1:0.5; the plasticizer is selected from at least one of dioctyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, and dioctyl terephthalate; the activator is obtained by mixing zinc oxide and stearic acid at a mass ratio of 5:0.8-1.2; the vulcanizing agent is selected from at least one of dicumyl peroxide and bis-tert-butyl peroxide; and the co-crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of triallyl isocyanurate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention creatively incorporates graphene-coated ceramics and cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complexes into the cable. The synergistic effect of these two materials, through both physical barrier and chemical stability, enables the cable to resist multiple aging factors such as light, heat, oxygen, and humidity. The surface of the ceramic microspheres is modified by hydroxylation using a silane coupling agent, causing strong electrostatic adsorption or covalent bonding with oxygen-containing functional groups on graphene oxide (GO) sheets. Then, GO is chemically reduced to graphene, thus constructing a dense graphene layer on the surface of the microspheres. The ceramics can withstand stress, improve wear resistance and thermal conductivity, while the flexible and layered graphene layer can block the penetration of water vapor, oxygen, and ultraviolet rays, and efficiently dissipate localized heat, physically delaying the intrusion of environmental stress. Cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complexes utilize the coordination reaction between rare-earth cerium ions and the coordinating atoms in organic ultraviolet absorber molecules to form stable intramolecular coordination bonds. This fixes traditional small-molecule auxiliaries into structurally stable macromolecular complexes. The organic portion efficiently absorbs and converts ultraviolet light energy, while the cerium ions undergo a reversible valence state change (Ce...). 3+ / Ce 4 + It quenches the excited energy and captures free radicals. Due to its large molecular weight and good compatibility with rubber, it fundamentally avoids the problems of migration and volatilization loss.

[0017] 2. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable provided by this invention has excellent anti-aging, anti-cracking and anti-wear properties. It can withstand long-term strong ultraviolet radiation, wide temperature range cycling, high humidity and corrosive media erosion. The physical barrier-chemical quenching synergistic protection network built inside significantly reduces the material performance degradation rate, improves the service life of the cable, and also reduces the risk of insulation damage and electrical faults caused by sheath failure. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1 A high weather-resistant and anti-aging compensation special cable, by weight, comprises the following components: 100 parts hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 25 parts graphene-coated ceramic, 8 parts carbon black, 4 parts cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex, 1.5 parts antioxidant, 2 parts microcrystalline wax, 6 parts dioctyl adipate, 5.5 parts activator, 3.5 parts dicumyl peroxide, and 2.5 parts triallyl isocyanurate; wherein the antioxidant is obtained by mixing antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant TPP in a weight ratio of 1:0.5, and the activator is obtained by mixing zinc oxide and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 5:1. The graphene-coated ceramics are prepared by the following steps: S1: Alumina ceramic microspheres were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, and silane coupling agent KH-550 was added. The mixture was refluxed at 70°C for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the microspheres were centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain aminated alumina ceramic microspheres. The ratio of alumina ceramic microspheres to silane coupling agent KH-550 was 10 g: 1.5 mL. S2: Add aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to a graphene oxide dispersion with a concentration of 5 mg / mL, adjust the pH to 4, and then stir at 500 rpm for 6 h at 45 °C, and collect by centrifugation; wherein, the ratio of aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to graphene oxide dispersion is 1 g: 10 mL. S3: The solid collected in S2 was dispersed in deionized water, ascorbic acid was added and reacted at 95°C for 8 hours. After centrifugation, the solid was washed, dried and sieved to obtain graphene-coated ceramics. The mass of ascorbic acid was 4.8% of the mass of the ammoniated alumina ceramic microspheres.

[0020] Cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complexes are prepared by the following steps: (1) 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and sodium hydroxide were mixed in anhydrous ethanol and stirred at 60°C to obtain a sodium salt solution of the ligand; wherein the ratio of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, sodium hydroxide and anhydrous ethanol was 12.5g:2g:150mL. (2) Cerium nitrate hexahydrate was dispersed in an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume concentration of 50% to obtain a cerium salt solution; wherein the ratio of the amount of cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the ethanol aqueous solution was 10.8 g: 100 mL; (3) The cerium salt solution was added dropwise to the sodium ligand solution and refluxed at 80°C for 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex. The volume ratio of the cerium salt solution to the sodium ligand solution was 2:2.8.

[0021] The above-mentioned high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable is prepared by the following steps: Set the open mill roller temperature to 55℃ and adjust the roller gap to 1mm. Add hydrogenated nitrile rubber and pass it through the mill 6 times to form a smooth roll-coated rubber. Add activator, antioxidant, microcrystalline wax and cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex in sequence. Use left and right cutters and turn the mill to ensure uniform dispersion. Then add carbon black (N550) and mix evenly. Add graphene-coated ceramic in 2-3 batches slowly. Continue to add plasticizer. Then lower the roller temperature to below 40℃ and add vulcanizing agent and co-crosslinking agent. Mix evenly and sheet the mixture. Place it at room temperature to cool and let it stand for more than 8 hours to eliminate stress and stabilize performance. Finally, cut the rubber compound and put it into a preheated flat vulcanizing mold. After vulcanization, demold the compound to obtain a high weather-resistant and anti-aging compensation special cable.

[0022] Example 2 A high weather-resistant and anti-aging compensation special cable, by weight, comprises the following components: 100 parts hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 30 parts graphene-coated ceramic, 20 parts carbon black, 5 parts cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex, 2 parts antioxidant, 2.5 parts microcrystalline wax, 8 parts trioctyl trimellitate, 6 parts activator, 4 parts di-tert-butyl peroxide isopropylbenzene, and 3 parts trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate; wherein the antioxidant is obtained by mixing antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant TPP at a weight ratio of 1:0.5, and the activator is obtained by mixing zinc oxide and stearic acid at a weight ratio of 5:1.2. The graphene-coated ceramics are prepared by the following steps: S1: Alumina ceramic microspheres were dispersed in isopropanol, and silane coupling agent KH-560 was added. The mixture was refluxed at 75°C for 3.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain aminated alumina ceramic microspheres. The ratio of alumina ceramic microspheres to silane coupling agent KH-560 was 10 g: 2 mL. S2: Add aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to a graphene oxide dispersion with a concentration of 6 mg / mL, adjust the pH to 4, and then stir at 550 rpm for 5.5 h at 50 °C. Collect by centrifugation. The ratio of aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to graphene oxide dispersion is 1.2 g: 10 mL. S3: The solid collected in S2 is dispersed in deionized water, tea polyphenols are added and reacted at 100℃ for 7 hours. After centrifugation, the solid is washed, dried and sieved to obtain graphene-coated ceramics. The amount of tea polyphenols used is 5% of the mass of the aminated alumina ceramic microspheres.

[0023] Cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complexes are prepared by the following steps: (1) 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and sodium hydroxide were mixed in anhydrous methanol and stirred at 65°C to obtain a sodium salt solution of the ligand; wherein the ratio of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, sodium hydroxide and anhydrous methanol was 13g:3g:150mL. (2) Cerium nitrate hexahydrate was dispersed in an aqueous ethanol solution with a volume concentration of 55% to obtain a cerium salt solution; wherein the ratio of the amount of cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the aqueous ethanol solution was 11.2 g: 100 mL; (3) The cerium salt solution was added dropwise to the sodium ligand solution and refluxed at 80°C for 7 hours. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex. The volume ratio of the cerium salt solution to the sodium ligand solution was 2.2:3.1.

[0024] The preparation steps of the above-mentioned high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable are the same as those in Example 1.

[0025] Example 3 A high weather-resistant and anti-aging compensation special cable, by weight, comprises the following components: 100 parts hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 20 parts graphene-coated ceramic, 15 parts carbon black, 3 parts cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex, 1 part antioxidant, 1.5 parts microcrystalline wax, 5 parts dioctyl terephthalate, 5 parts activator, 3 parts dicumyl peroxide, and 2 parts triallyl isocyanurate; wherein, the antioxidant is obtained by mixing antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant TPP in a weight ratio of 1:0.5, and the activator is obtained by mixing zinc oxide and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 5:0.8; The graphene-coated ceramics are prepared by the following steps: S1: Alumina ceramic microspheres were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, and silane coupling agent KH-550 was added. The mixture was refluxed at 65°C for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the microspheres were centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain aminated alumina ceramic microspheres. The ratio of alumina ceramic microspheres to silane coupling agent KH-550 was 10 g: 0.8 mL. S2: Add aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to a graphene oxide dispersion with a concentration of 4 mg / mL, adjust the pH to 4, and then stir at 450 rpm for 6.5 h at 40 °C. Collect by centrifugation. The ratio of aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to graphene oxide dispersion is 0.8 g: 10 mL. S3: The solid collected in S2 was dispersed in deionized water, tannic acid was added and reacted at 100℃ for 7h. After centrifugation, the solid was washed, dried and sieved to obtain graphene-coated ceramics. The mass of tannic acid was 4.5% of the mass of the aminated alumina ceramic microspheres.

[0026] Cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complexes are prepared by the following steps: (1) 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and sodium hydroxide were mixed in anhydrous ethanol and stirred at 55°C to obtain a sodium salt solution of the ligand; wherein the ratio of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, sodium hydroxide and anhydrous ethanol was 12g:1g:150mL. (2) Cerium nitrate hexahydrate was dispersed in an aqueous ethanol solution with a volume concentration of 45% to obtain a cerium salt solution; wherein the ratio of the amount of cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the aqueous ethanol solution was 10.5 g: 100 mL; (3) The cerium salt solution was added dropwise to the sodium ligand solution and refluxed at 75°C for 5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex. The volume ratio of the cerium salt solution to the sodium ligand solution was 1.8:2.6.

[0027] The preparation steps of the above-mentioned high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable are the same as those in Example 1.

[0028] Example 4 A high weather-resistant and anti-aging compensation special cable, by weight, comprises the following components: 100 parts hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 22 parts graphene-coated ceramic, 16 parts carbon black, 4 parts cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex, 1.2 parts antioxidant, 1.8 parts microcrystalline wax, 6 parts dioctyl adipate, 5 parts activator, 3 parts dicumyl peroxide, and 2.2 parts trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate; wherein the antioxidant is obtained by mixing antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant TPP in a weight ratio of 1:0.5, and the activator is obtained by mixing zinc oxide and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 5:0.9. The graphene-coated ceramics are prepared by the following steps: S1: Alumina ceramic microspheres were dispersed in isopropanol, and silane coupling agent KH-560 was added. The mixture was refluxed at 68°C for 3.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain aminated alumina ceramic microspheres. The ratio of alumina ceramic microspheres to silane coupling agent KH-560 was 10 g: 1.5 mL. S2: Aminated alumina ceramic microspheres were added to a graphene oxide dispersion with a concentration of 4.5 mg / mL, the pH was adjusted to 5, and then stirred at 550 rpm for 6 h at 45 °C. The mixture was then collected by centrifugation. The ratio of aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to graphene oxide dispersion was 0.9 g: 10 mL. S3: The solid collected in S2 was dispersed in deionized water, ascorbic acid was added and reacted at 95°C for 7.5 h. After centrifugation, the solid was washed, dried and sieved to obtain graphene-coated ceramics. The mass of ascorbic acid was 4.6% of the mass of the aminated alumina ceramic microspheres.

[0029] Cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complexes are prepared by the following steps: (1) Mix 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and sodium hydroxide in anhydrous ethanol and stir at 60°C to obtain a sodium salt solution of the ligand; wherein, the ratio of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, sodium hydroxide and anhydrous ethanol is 12.5g:3g:150mL; (2) Cerium nitrate hexahydrate was dispersed in an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume concentration of 48% to obtain a cerium salt solution; wherein the ratio of the amount of cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the ethanol aqueous solution was 10.6 g: 100 mL; (3) The cerium salt solution was added dropwise to the sodium ligand solution and refluxed at 80°C for 7 hours. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex. The volume ratio of the cerium salt solution to the sodium ligand solution was 1.9:2.9.

[0030] The preparation steps of the above-mentioned high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable are the same as those in Example 1.

[0031] Example 5 A high weather-resistant and anti-aging compensation special cable, by weight, comprises the following components: 100 parts hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 28 parts graphene-coated ceramic, 19 parts carbon black, 4 parts cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex, 1.8 parts antioxidant, 2.2 parts microcrystalline wax, 7 parts trioctyl trimellitate, 6 parts activator, 3.8 parts di-tert-butyl peroxide isopropylbenzene, and 2.8 parts trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate; wherein the antioxidant is obtained by mixing antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant TPP in a weight ratio of 1:0.5, and the activator is obtained by mixing zinc oxide and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 5:1.1. The graphene-coated ceramics are prepared by the following steps: S1: Alumina ceramic microspheres were dispersed in isopropanol, and silane coupling agent KH-550 was added. The mixture was refluxed at 72°C for 4.2 h. After the reaction was completed, the microspheres were centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain aminated alumina ceramic microspheres. The ratio of alumina ceramic microspheres to silane coupling agent KH-550 was 10 g: 1.8 mL. S2: Add aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to a graphene oxide dispersion with a concentration of 6 mg / mL, adjust the pH to 5, and then stir at 450 rpm for 5.5 h at 45 °C. Collect by centrifugation. The ratio of aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to graphene oxide dispersion is 1.1 g: 10 mL. S3: The solid collected in S2 was dispersed in deionized water, tannic acid was added and reacted at 95°C for 9 hours. After centrifugation, the solid was washed, dried and sieved to obtain graphene-coated ceramics. The amount of tannic acid used was 5% of the mass of the aminated alumina ceramic microspheres.

[0032] Cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complexes are prepared by the following steps: (1) 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and sodium hydroxide were mixed in anhydrous methanol and stirred at 65°C to obtain a sodium salt solution of the ligand; wherein the ratio of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, sodium hydroxide and anhydrous methanol was 12.5g:2g:150mL. (2) Cerium nitrate hexahydrate was dispersed in an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume concentration of 50% to obtain a cerium salt solution; wherein the ratio of the amount of cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the ethanol aqueous solution was 11.1 g: 100 mL; (3) The cerium salt solution was added dropwise to the sodium ligand solution and refluxed at 80°C for 7 hours. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex. The volume ratio of the cerium salt solution to the sodium ligand solution was 2.1:3.

[0033] The preparation steps of the above-mentioned high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable are the same as those in Example 1.

[0034] Comparative Example 1 It is basically the same as Example 1, except that: no graphene is added to coat the ceramic.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 It is basically the same as Example 1, except that no cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex is added.

[0036] Comparative Example 3 It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the graphene-coated ceramic is replaced with a physical mixture of ordinary alumina microspheres and graphene in the same amount.

[0037] Comparative Example 4 It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex is replaced with a physical mixture of the same amount of organic ultraviolet absorber (UV-9) and common rare earth oxides.

[0038] The cables prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0039] The thermal aging test was conducted in accordance with standard GB / T 2951.12-2008. The dumbbell-shaped specimen was suspended in a ventilated aging chamber at 135°C. After 7 days, it was removed and conditioned in a standard laboratory environment for at least 16 hours before its mechanical properties were tested.

[0040] The ultraviolet aging test was conducted in accordance with standard GB / T 14522, using a fluorescent ultraviolet lamp (UVA-340 type), at a test temperature of 60±3℃, with an 8h light exposure / 4h condensation cycle, for a total duration of 1000h.

[0041] The damp heat aging test was conducted in accordance with standard IEC 60068-2-78. The sample was placed in a constant damp heat test chamber at 85℃ and 85% RH for 336 hours.

[0042] Tensile properties were tested in accordance with standard GB / T 2951.11-2008. A tensile testing machine was used to stretch dumbbell-shaped specimens at a rate of 500 mm / min until fracture. Tensile strength and elongation at break were recorded.

[0043] The water vapor transmission rate test is performed in accordance with standard GB / T 21529. Under the conditions of 38℃ and 90% RH, the mass of water vapor transmitted per unit area of ​​material per unit time is measured.

[0044] Table 1

[0045] As shown in Table 1, the high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cables provided in Examples 1-5 of this invention exhibited the best and most balanced performance retention rate in all accelerated aging tests. Their tensile strength and elongation at break retention rates under the three main aging stresses of heat, light, and humidity were significantly higher than all comparative examples, and their water vapor transmission rate was the lowest.

[0046] As can be seen from the comparative examples, Comparative Example 1, lacking graphene-coated ceramics, lacks a dense physical barrier network, making it unable to block water vapor and oxygen, easily leading to polymer hydrolysis and oxidation. It exhibits the worst performance retention after damp heat aging and the highest water vapor permeability. Comparative Example 2, without cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complexes, shows the most severe performance degradation after both thermal and ultraviolet aging. Under the influence of heat and ultraviolet light, the rubber molecular chains undergo free radical chain scission and cross-linking reactions, which the physical filler cannot eliminate, causing the material to rapidly become brittle or soften. Comparative Example 3, with its physical filler mixture, shows significantly lower retention rates for all aging properties compared to the examples, and also exhibits poor moisture resistance. Comparative Example 4, with its physical additives, shows that the organic ultraviolet absorber is prone to migration and volatilization at high temperatures, while the common rare earth oxides have poor dispersibility and low activity, preventing them from exerting a synergistic effect and resulting in poor thermal aging performance.

[0047] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special cable with high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: 100 parts hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 20-30 parts graphene-coated ceramics, 15-20 parts carbon black, 3-5 parts cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex, 1-2 parts antioxidant, 1.5-2.5 parts microcrystalline wax, 5-8 parts plasticizer, 5-6 parts activator, 3-4 parts vulcanizing agent, and 2-3 parts co-crosslinking agent; The graphene-coated ceramic is prepared by the following steps: S1: Alumina ceramic microspheres are dispersed in solvent I, silane coupling agent is added and refluxed. After the reaction is completed, centrifugation, washing and drying are performed to obtain aminated alumina ceramic microspheres. S2: Add the aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to the graphene oxide dispersion, adjust the pH value, stir the reaction, and then collect by centrifugation; S3: Disperse the solid collected in S2 in deionized water, add a reducing agent and stir to react, centrifuge, wash, dry and sieve to obtain the graphene-coated ceramic.

2. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the alumina ceramic microspheres to the silane coupling agent is 10g:0.8-2mL; the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH-550 and KH-560; the solvent I is selected from at least one of anhydrous ethanol and isopropanol.

3. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the aminated alumina ceramic microspheres to the graphene oxide dispersion is 0.8-1.2 g: 10 mL; the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion is 4-6 mg / mL.

4. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reducing agent is selected from at least one of ascorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and tannic acid, and the mass amount of the reducing agent is 4.5-5% of the mass of the aminated alumina ceramic microspheres.

5. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the reaction is carried out under reflux at 65-75°C for 3.5-4.5 hours; in step S2, the pH value is adjusted to 4-5, and the reaction is carried out under stirring at 450-550 rpm at 40-50°C for 5.5-6.5 hours; in step S3, the reaction is carried out under 90-100°C for 7-9 hours.

6. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare-earth complex was prepared by the following steps: (1) Mix 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and sodium hydroxide in solvent II and stir to obtain a sodium salt solution of ligand; (2) Disperse cerium nitrate hexahydrate in an aqueous ethanol solution to obtain a cerium salt solution; (3) The cerium salt solution is added dropwise to the sodium salt solution of the ligand and refluxed. After the reaction is completed, the precipitate is collected by filtration, washed and dried to obtain the cerium-based ultraviolet-absorbing rare earth complex.

7. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ratio of the amount of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, the amount of sodium hydroxide, and the amount of solvent II is 12-13 g: 1-3 g: 150 mL; the amount of solvent II is selected from at least one of anhydrous ethanol and anhydrous methanol; the ratio of the amount of cerium nitrate hexahydrate and the aqueous ethanol solution is 10.5-11.2 g: 100 mL, and the volume concentration of the aqueous ethanol solution is 45-55%.

8. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the cerium salt solution to the sodium ligand solution is 1.8-2.2:2.6-3.

1.

9. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (1), the stirring temperature is 55-65℃; in step (3), the reflux reaction is carried out at 75-80℃ for 5-7 hours.

10. The high weather resistance and anti-aging compensation special cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is obtained by mixing antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant TPP at a mass ratio of 1:0.5; the plasticizer is selected from at least one of dioctyl terephthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, and dioctyl terephthalate; the activator is obtained by mixing zinc oxide and stearic acid at a mass ratio of 5:0.8-1.2; the vulcanizing agent is selected from at least one of dicumyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide; the co-crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of triallyl isocyanurate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.

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