A polyvinyl chloride cable sheathing material, a process for its preparation and a polyvinyl chloride cable sheathing

Abstract

The application provides a polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material, a preparation method thereof and a polyvinyl chloride cable sheath. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material comprises a polyvinyl chloride resin, an elastomer, a plasticizer, a nano reinforcing agent, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer, and the elastomer comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer elastomer and an acrylate rubber. The application constructs a synergistic structure of "elastomer toughening + nano reinforcing + stabilization and aging resistance" in a PVC composite system, simultaneously introduces a nano reinforcing agent, and combines a plasticizer and a double-elastomer toughening system, so that the material has excellent anti-brittle performance, impact resistance and thermal aging stability in a low-temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of materials technology, and in particular to a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material, its preparation method, and a PVC cable sheath. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy industries such as new energy vehicles, energy storage systems, photovoltaic power generation, and smart grids, the market demand for new energy charging pile cables, energy storage cables, and outdoor weather-resistant cables continues to grow. As an important component of cables, cable sheath materials not only need to possess good electrical insulation and processing performance, but also need to maintain excellent mechanical properties, aging resistance, and low-temperature flexibility under complex environmental conditions. Especially in cold regions or outdoor environments with large temperature differences between day and night, cable sheath materials are subjected to multiple effects such as low temperature, ultraviolet radiation, and mechanical stress for a long time, which can easily lead to problems such as material embrittlement, cracking, and impact failure, thereby affecting the service life and operational safety of the cable.

[0003] Currently, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is widely used in cable sheathing due to its advantages such as low cost, good flame retardancy, and mature processing technology. However, traditional PVC materials have a high glass transition temperature, making them prone to hardening and brittleness at low temperatures, resulting in poor low-temperature impact resistance. Furthermore, PVC materials are susceptible to dehydrochlorination under long-term thermo-oxidative and ultraviolet aging conditions, leading to decreased mechanical properties, surface cracking, and even failure, making it difficult to meet the high reliability and long lifespan requirements of new energy cables.

[0004] To improve the low-temperature performance and overall mechanical properties of PVC materials, existing technologies typically employ plasticizing modification, elastomer toughening, or inorganic filler reinforcement. For example, adding elastomers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVM) improves low-temperature flexibility, adding plasticizers lowers the glass transition temperature, and adding inorganic fillers enhances strength and flame retardancy. However, existing modification systems suffer from the following problems: while single elastomer toughening can improve low-temperature performance, it easily leads to a decrease in material strength; traditional plasticizing systems exhibit migration and volatilization issues during long-term use, affecting the material's aging resistance; and common inorganic fillers have poor compatibility with the PVC matrix, easily generating interface defects and making it difficult to achieve a synergistic balance between low-temperature performance, aging resistance, and mechanical properties.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a PVC composite elastic material that combines excellent low-temperature resistance, heat and oxygen aging resistance, and high impact resistance to achieve synergistic reinforcement and stable dispersion among its components. This material has significant engineering application value for improving the safety, reliability, and service life of new energy cable sheathing materials. Summary of the Invention This application provides a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material, its preparation method, and a PVC cable sheath to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is as follows: This application provides a polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material, comprising: polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin), elastomer, plasticizer, nano-reinforcing agent, stabilizer, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber and light stabilizer, wherein the elastomer comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer elastomer (i.e., EVM elastomer) and acrylate rubber (i.e., ACM rubber).

[0007] Optionally, the polyvinyl chloride resin includes a first polyvinyl chloride resin with a degree of polymerization of 1250-1350 and a second polyvinyl chloride resin with a degree of polymerization of 950-1050.

[0008] Optionally, the mass ratio of the first polyvinyl chloride resin to the second polyvinyl chloride resin is 65-75:25-35.

[0009] Optionally, the molar content of ethylene units in the EVM elastomer is 70%-75%.

[0010] Optionally, the mass ratio of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer elastomer to the acrylate rubber is 8-25:2-12.

[0011] Optionally, by weight, the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath comprises: 100 parts polyvinyl chloride resin, 10-37 parts elastomer, 35-60 parts plasticizer, 1.55-11 parts nano-reinforcing agent, 3-8 parts stabilizer, 0.2-2 parts antioxidant, 0.3-1.5 parts ultraviolet absorber, and 0.3-1.5 parts light stabilizer.

[0012] Optionally, the plasticizer includes dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO).

[0013] Optionally, the mass ratio of dioctyl terephthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, and epoxidized soybean oil is 20-40:5-20:2-8.

[0014] Optionally, the nano-reinforcing agent includes polysilsesquioxane (POSS), surface-modified nano-silica, and titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx).

[0015] Optionally, the polysilsesquioxane (POSS) is a methacryloyl polysilsesquioxane.

[0016] Optionally, the mass ratio of the polysilsesquioxane, surface-modified nano-silica, and titanium carbide nanosheets is 0.5-5:0.5-5:0.05-1.

[0017] Optionally, the PVC cable sheath may further include processing aids and / or flame retardants and / or fillers.

[0018] Optionally, the processing aids include acrylate processing aids (i.e., ACR processing aids).

[0019] Optionally, the mass ratio of the processing aid to the polyvinyl chloride resin is 2-6:100.

[0020] Optionally, the flame retardant includes magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and antimony trioxide (Sb2O3).

[0021] Optionally, the mass ratio of magnesium hydroxide to antimony trioxide is 5-20:1-5.

[0022] Optionally, the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the polyvinyl chloride resin is 6-25:100.

[0023] Optionally, the filler comprises modified calcium carbonate.

[0024] Optionally, the modified calcium carbonate is commercially available, specifically, it is calcium carbonate obtained by surface modification with silane coupling agents and / or fatty acids and their salts.

[0025] Optionally, the mass ratio of the filler to the polyvinyl chloride resin is 10-40:100.

[0026] Optionally, the stabilizer includes a calcium-zinc stabilizer (i.e., a Ca-Zn stabilizer).

[0027] Optionally, the antioxidant includes hindered phenolic antioxidants (e.g., Irganox 1010) and phosphite antioxidants (e.g., Irgafos 168).

[0028] Optionally, the mass ratio of the hindered phenolic antioxidant to the phosphite antioxidant is 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5.

[0029] Optionally, the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material may also include chlorinated polyethylene (such as CPE135A).

[0030] Optionally, the mass ratio of chlorinated polyethylene to chlorinated polyethylene is 3-10:100.

[0031] This application also provides a method for preparing the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material as described above, the method comprising the following steps: The polyvinyl chloride resin, elastomer, plasticizer, nano-reinforcing agent, stabilizer, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber and light stabilizer are mixed, melt-blended, extruded and granulated to obtain the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0032] Optionally, the mixing includes mixing at a temperature of 90-110°C for 8-15 minutes.

[0033] Optionally, during the melt blending process, the temperature is 120-165℃, the rotation speed is 120-180rpm, and the melt blending time is 2-5min.

[0034] Optionally, dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) are mixed evenly to obtain a composite plasticizer system; Methacrylamide polysilsesquioxane powder (POSS), surface-modified nano-silica (SiO2) powder, and titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) were added to the composite plasticizing system and premixed at room temperature to obtain a mixed system. Under shear dispersion conditions, the mixed system is dispersed so that POSS, surface-modified nano silica and MXene are fully exfoliated and uniformly dispersed in the composite plasticizing system to form a stable nano-reinforced suspension system. The system was then subjected to ultrasonic treatment to reduce the aggregation of nanomaterials and improve dispersion stability. After dispersion, the resulting system was degassed under vacuum to remove residual bubbles and obtain a uniform and stable nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system. Mix PVC resin, EVM elastomer, ACM acrylate rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, stabilizer, ACR processing aid, antioxidant, UV absorber, light stabilizer, flame retardant and filler until the materials are uniformly mixed and dry and fluffy to obtain a premix. The premixed material is melt-blended with a nano-predispersed system; extruded, cooled and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0035] This application also provides a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath, which includes the PVC cable sheath material described above or the PVC cable sheath material prepared according to the method described above.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this application are: This application constructs a synergistic structure of "elastomer toughening + nano-reinforcement + stable anti-aging" in a PVC composite system, while introducing nano-reinforcing agents and combining plasticizers and a dual elastomer toughening system, so that the material has excellent anti-embrittlement properties, impact resistance and thermal aging stability in low-temperature environments.

[0037] Furthermore, this application constructs a multi-scale synergistic reinforcement structure, utilizing EVM and ACM to form a flexible elastic phase, thereby improving the chain segment movement capability and energy dissipation capability of the PVC matrix under low-temperature conditions. Simultaneously, POSS, surface-modified nano-SiO2, and titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) can form a nano-reinforcement network structure, enhancing the interfacial bonding strength between the PVC matrix and the flexible elastic phase through interfacial interactions, thus constructing a continuous and stable stress transmission channel. Under low-temperature impact conditions, it can effectively absorb and disperse external impact energy, significantly improving the material's low-temperature embrittlement resistance, tear strength, and comprehensive mechanical properties.

[0038] Furthermore, the combination of DOTP and TOTM can balance low-temperature flexibility and migration resistance, while ESO can further improve the thermal stability of the PVC system. POSS, surface-modified nano-SiO2 and titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) can form a multi-scale synergistic reinforcement structure, which can effectively improve the interfacial stability and thermo-oxidative stability of the material, thereby improving the aging resistance and mechanical properties of the material.

[0039] Furthermore, methacryloyl POSS can form a strong interfacial interaction with PVC molecular chains, improving material compatibility; surface-modified nano-SiO2 can improve the strength and heat resistance of the material; titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) can form a thermal barrier and stress dissipation structure, thereby further improving the low-temperature impact resistance and thermal aging stability of the material.

[0040] Furthermore, the pre-dispersion process can significantly improve the dispersion uniformity of nanomaterials in the PVC matrix, reduce nanoparticle agglomeration, and improve processing stability and material performance consistency.

[0041] Compared with existing PVC cable sheath materials, the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material prepared in this application can maintain good low-temperature flexibility and impact resistance at temperatures below -60℃, while meeting the requirements of relevant national standards. It also has excellent thermal aging stability and high tear strength, taking into account material performance, processing stability and cost control. It is particularly suitable for low-temperature environment applications such as new energy charging pile cables, energy storage cables and outdoor weather-resistant cable sheath materials. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram for this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0045] Example 1 The following nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system was prepared, with details as follows: Nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system A: The difference between this system and the previous one is that the amount of methacryloyl polysilsesquioxane powder (POSS) is 0.5 parts, the amount of surface-modified nano silica (SiO2) powder (commercially available, model number...) is 0.5 parts, and the amount of titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) is 0.05 parts.

[0046] Nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system B: The difference between it and nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system A is that: the amount of methacryloyl polysilsesquioxane powder (POSS) is 1 part, the amount of surface-modified nano silica (SiO2) powder is 1 part, and the amount of titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) is 0.1 parts. Nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system C: The difference between it and nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system A is that: the amount of methacryloyl polysilsesquioxane powder (POSS) is 1.5 parts, the amount of surface-modified nano silica (SiO2) powder is 1.5 parts, and the amount of titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) is 0.15 parts. Nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system D: The difference between it and nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system A is that: the amount of methacryloyl polysilsesquioxane powder (POSS) is 2 parts, the amount of surface-modified nano silica (SiO2) powder is 2 parts, and the amount of titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) is 0.2 parts. Nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system E: The difference between it and nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system A is that: the amount of methacryloyl polysilsesquioxane powder (POSS) is 2.5 parts, the amount of surface-modified nano silica (SiO2) powder is 2.5 parts, and the amount of titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) is 0.25 parts; The difference between the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system F and the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system A is that the amount of methacryloyl polysilsesquioxane powder (POSS) is 3 parts, the amount of surface-modified nano silica (SiO2) powder is 3 parts, and the amount of titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx two-dimensional carbide nanomaterials) is 0.3 parts.

[0047] Example 2 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 8 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 3 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 3 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 3 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.3 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.3 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 1 part of Sb2O3, and 35 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) were added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials were uniformly mixed and in a dry state to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, along with 40 parts of DOTP and 2 parts of ESO. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and evenly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0048] Example 3 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 10 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 3 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 2 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 3 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 3 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.3 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.3 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 0.3 parts of UV absorber UV-531, 0.3 parts of light stabilizer HALS-770, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 1 part of Sb2O3, and 32 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) are added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials are uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system A is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0049] Example 4 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 12 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 4 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 4 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 3 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 0.5 parts of UV absorber UV-531, 0.5 parts of light stabilizer HALS-770, 8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2 parts of Sb2O3, and 30 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) were added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials were uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system B is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0050] Example 5 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 15 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 6 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 4 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 4 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 0.5 parts of UV absorber UV-531, 0.5 parts of light stabilizer HALS-770, 8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2 parts of Sb2O3 and 28 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) are added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials are uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system C is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0051] Example 6 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 18 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 5 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 8 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 5 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 4 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 0.8 parts of ultraviolet absorber UV-531, 0.8 parts of light stabilizer HALS-770, 10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of Sb2O3, and 25 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) were added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials were uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system D is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0052] Example 7 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 15 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 5 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 8 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 5 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 4 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 0.8 parts of ultraviolet absorber UV-531, 0.8 parts of light stabilizer HALS-770, 10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of Sb2O3, and 20 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) are added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials are uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system D is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0053] Example 8 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 20 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 6 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 10 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 5 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 4 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.8 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.8 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 1 part of ultraviolet absorber UV-531, 1 part of light stabilizer HALS-770, 12 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 4 parts of Sb2O3 and 18 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) are added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials are uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system E is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0054] Example 9 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 22 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 6 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 12 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 6 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 5 parts of ACR processing aid, 1 part of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 1 part of antioxidant Irgafos168, 1 part of ultraviolet absorber UV-531, 1 part of light stabilizer HALS-770, 15 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 5 parts of Sb2O3 and 15 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) are added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials are uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system F is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0055] Example 10 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 18 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 5 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 6 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 5 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 4 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 0.8 parts of ultraviolet absorber UV-531, 0.8 parts of light stabilizer HALS-770, 10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3 parts of Sb2O3, and 22 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) were added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials were uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system C is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0056] Example 11 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 16 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 4 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 4 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 3 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.5 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 0.5 parts of ultraviolet absorber UV-531, 0.5 parts of light stabilizer HALS-770, 8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2 parts of Sb2O3, and 28 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) were added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials were uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system C is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0057] Example 12 according to Figure 1 The process shown is used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath material. The specific steps are as follows: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin (i.e., PVC resin, composed of PVC resin SG-5 and PVC resin SG-3 in a mass ratio of 70:30), 14 parts of EVM elastomer (i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, model Elvax 260, with a molar content of ethylene units of 72%), 3 parts of chlorinated polyethylene (model CPE135A), 3 parts of acrylic rubber (ACM), 3 parts of Ca-Zn composite stabilizer (model ADK C-1000), 3 parts of ACR processing aid, 0.3 parts of antioxidant Irganox 1010, 0.3 parts of antioxidant Irgafos 168, 0.3 parts of ultraviolet absorber UV-531, 0.3 parts of light stabilizer HALS-770, 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 1 part of Sb2O3, and 32 parts of modified calcium carbonate (model...) were added to a high-speed mixer and mixed at 100°C for 10 minutes until the materials were uniformly mixed and dry to obtain a premix. The premixed material is added to a twin-screw extruder, and nano-reinforced pre-dispersion system B is added. The mixture is melt-blended at 150°C with a screw speed of 160 rpm to ensure that the components are fully melted, mixed, and uniformly dispersed. The molten material is then extruded through the die head, cooled, and pelletized to obtain polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

[0058] Comparative Example 1 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheathing material sold in a certain city.

[0059] test The tensile strength and elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material prepared in Examples 2-12 and the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material of Comparative Example 1 were tested using an electronic tensile testing machine according to GB / T 1040.2-2022. The results are shown in Table 1. The low-temperature embrittlement temperature of the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material prepared in Example 2-12 and the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material of Comparative Example 1 were tested using a low-temperature testing machine according to GB / T 5470-2008. The results are shown in Table 2. The simple beam impact strength of the PVC cable sheath material prepared in Example 2-12 and the PVC cable sheath material of Comparative Example 1 at -40℃ was tested according to GB / T 1043.1-2008. The results are shown in Table 3. The tear strength of the PVC cable sheath material prepared in Example 2-12 and the PVC cable sheath material in Comparative Example 1 were tested according to GB / T 529-2008, and the results are shown in Table 3. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath materials obtained in Examples 2-12 and the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath materials in Comparative Example 1 were prepared into samples according to the same process. Each sample was placed in a 100°C hot air aging chamber for 168 hours. The tensile strength retention rate and elongation at break retention rate of each sample after aging treatment were determined according to GB / T2951.12-2008 to evaluate the heat aging resistance of the materials. The results are shown in Table 4. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cable sheath materials prepared in Examples 2-12 and Comparative Example 1 were tested using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in accordance with GB / T 19466.2-2004. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0060] Table 1 Tensile property test results Table 2. Results of Low-Temperature Embrittlement Performance Test Table 3. Test results of tear resistance and simply supported beam impact strength. Table 4 Results of thermal aging performance test Table 5 DSC Test Results As shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3, the PVC cable sheath materials prepared in Examples 2-12 exhibit good comprehensive performance in both low-temperature and room-temperature mechanical properties. Specifically, after introducing the elastic toughening system and the multi-component synergistic modification structure, the tensile strength of each example ranged from 14.2 to 22.1 MPa, the elongation at break reached 235% to 372%, and the tear strength reached 34 to 54 kN / m. These results demonstrate that this application effectively improves the molecular chain flexibility and energy dissipation capacity of PVC materials by constructing a multi-component synergistic toughening system. In particular, Examples 6-8 all exhibited tensile strengths exceeding 20 MPa, elongation at break exceeding 350%, and tear strengths exceeding 50 kN / m, demonstrating excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, with Example 7 showing the best overall performance.

[0061] Table 2 shows that the low-temperature embrittlement properties of the PVC cable sheath materials prepared in Examples 2-12 differ significantly, with embrittlement temperatures ranging from -38℃ to -62℃. With the optimization of the toughening components and structural control system in the formulation, the low-temperature crack resistance of the materials is significantly improved. Specifically, Example 7 achieved an embrittlement temperature of -62℃, and no fracture occurred at this temperature, indicating that the material maintains good structural integrity even at extremely low temperatures. In contrast, Examples 2-4 showed significant cracking at higher embrittlement temperatures, indicating that their toughening network is not yet perfect and their low-temperature stress release capability is weak.

[0062] As shown in Table 4, the PVC cable sheath materials prepared in Examples 2-12 all exhibited good performance retention under hot air aging conditions, with strength retention rates ranging from 74% to 94% and elongation retention rates ranging from 70% to 91%. Among them, Example 7 achieved a strength retention rate of 94% and an elongation retention rate of 91%, with virtually no significant performance degradation after aging, demonstrating excellent thermo-oxidative stability. Analysis suggests that the multi-component synergistic structure in this system can effectively inhibit PVC molecular chain breakage and deHClization reactions under thermo-oxidative conditions, thereby delaying the material aging process and improving long-term service stability.

[0063] As shown in Table 3, the PVC cable sheath materials prepared in Examples 2-12 exhibited significant differences in toughness during tear propagation, with tear strengths ranging from 34 to 54 kN / m. The fracture morphology gradually changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture and a uniform dimple structure. Example 7, in particular, displayed a uniform dimple structure and a tear strength of 54 kN / m, indicating that energy was effectively dissipated during crack propagation, demonstrating excellent resistance to crack propagation. In contrast, Examples 2-3 showed obvious brittle fracture characteristics, indicating a more pronounced internal stress concentration.

[0064] As shown in Table 5, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PVC cable sheath materials prepared in Examples 2-12 shows a significant decreasing trend, ranging from -18℃ to -45℃. Among them, Example 7 has the lowest Tg at -45℃, indicating that the molecular chain segments have higher mobility and flexibility under low-temperature conditions, thus significantly improving the low-temperature toughness of the material. Comparing the different examples reveals that with the optimization of the toughening system and the synergistic enhancement of components, the intermolecular forces of PVC molecular chains are effectively weakened, while the free volume increases, which is conducive to the relaxation movement of chain segments at low temperatures.

[0065] Further analysis of the performance differences between different embodiments reveals that this application achieves simultaneous optimization of the low-temperature performance, mechanical properties, and thermal aging performance of PVC materials by constructing a multi-component synergistic toughening system. When the system ratio is within a reasonable range, a stable interfacial synergistic structure and stress transfer network can be formed between the components, thereby significantly improving the overall performance of the material. Among them, Example 7 shows the best performance in terms of low-temperature embrittlement temperature, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, and thermal aging retention rate, demonstrating the best overall performance balance, indicating that this formulation system has excellent engineering application value and promotion prospects.

[0066] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material, characterized in that, include: The product comprises polyvinyl chloride resin, elastomer, plasticizer, nano-reinforcing agent, stabilizer, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber and light stabilizer, wherein the elastomer includes ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer elastomer and acrylate rubber.

2. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer elastomer to the acrylate rubber is 8-25:2-12.

3. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath comprises: 100 parts polyvinyl chloride resin, 10-37 parts elastomer, 35-60 parts plasticizer, 1.55-11 parts nano-reinforcing agent, 3-8 parts stabilizer, 0.2-2 parts antioxidant, 0.3-1.5 parts ultraviolet absorber, and 0.3-1.5 parts light stabilizer.

4. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plasticizers include dioctyl terephthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, and epoxidized soybean oil.

5. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The mass ratio of dioctyl terephthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, and epoxidized soybean oil is 20-40:5-20:2-8.

6. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material as described in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The nano-reinforcing agents include polysilsesquioxane, surface-modified nano-silica, and titanium carbide nanosheets.

7. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the polysilsesquioxane, surface-modified nano-silica, and titanium carbide nanosheets is 0.5-5:0.5-5:0.05-1.

8. The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material as described in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath also includes processing aids and / or flame retardants and / or fillers.

9. The method for preparing the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: The polyvinyl chloride resin, elastomer, plasticizer, nano-reinforcing agent, stabilizer, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber and light stabilizer are mixed, melt-blended, extruded and granulated to obtain the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material.

10. A polyvinyl chloride cable sheath, characterized in that, The polyvinyl chloride cable sheath includes the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material as described in any one of claims 1-8 or the polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material prepared according to the method described in claim 9.

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