High-toughness pneumatic element rotor blade and method for producing same

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of rotor blades, in particular to a high-toughness aerodynamic element rotor blade and a preparation method thereof; the high-toughness aerodynamic element rotor blade is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-55 parts of a novel polyetherimide, 25-30 parts of short-cut carbon fibers, 3-5 parts of boron nitride nanotubes, 1-2 parts of graphene, 5-8 parts of modified thermoplastic polyurethane, 0.5-1 part of a coupling agent and 0.2-0.5 part of an antioxidant. The coupling agent and the antioxidant optimize the processing performance and the aging resistance, finally form a dense composite structure, the matrix toughness is improved through covalent modification of the novel polyetherimide, the carbon fibers and the nano fillers form a gradient reinforcing structure, the modified polyurethane realizes interface toughening through MXene nanosheets, and the antioxidant and the coupling agent realize the antioxidation and interface optimization, so that the blade is light in weight, and the impact resistance and the high-temperature resistance are both improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rotor blade technology, specifically to a highly toughened aerodynamic component rotor blade and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] High-toughness pneumatic rotor blades are critical components used in pneumatic equipment such as turbines, fans, and compressors. These rotor blades utilize high-toughness materials or special manufacturing processes to significantly improve their impact and fatigue resistance, thereby maintaining stable performance and a long service life in harsh environments with high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. The high-toughness design aims to reduce the risk of blade breakage and failure during operation, while improving efficiency and reliability, meeting the stringent performance and durability requirements of modern industry for pneumatic components. By optimizing the blade geometry and material properties, these rotor blades not only enhance the overall performance of pneumatic equipment but also offer significant advantages in reducing operating noise and energy consumption.

[0003] Existing pneumatic component rotor blades have some significant drawbacks. First, traditional blades are prone to cracking when rotating at high speeds or subjected to severe impacts, resulting in low overall stability and safety. Second, conventional polymer matrices are prone to degradation in high-temperature environments, leading to a significant decrease in performance. Furthermore, the interface between fibers and the matrix is ​​also prone to debonding under high temperature and high pressure conditions, reducing the overall strength and durability of the structure. During long-term use, the blade material is also affected by oxidation, leading to degradation and performance deterioration, thereby shortening its service life.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade and its preparation method to solve the aforementioned related technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade and its preparation method. The toughness of the matrix is ​​improved by covalent modification of novel polyetherimide, carbon fiber and nanofiller form a gradient reinforcement structure, modified polyurethane achieves interface toughening through MXene nanosheets, and the antioxidant and coupling agent have antioxidant and interface optimization effects, so that the blade can maintain its lightweight while improving its impact resistance and high temperature resistance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-55 parts of novel polyetherimide, 25-30 parts of chopped carbon fiber, 3-5 parts of boron nitride nanotubes, 1-2 parts of graphene, 5-8 parts of modified thermoplastic polyurethane, 0.5-1 part of coupling agent, and 0.2-0.5 parts of antioxidant.

[0007] Furthermore, the preparation method of the novel polyetherimide includes the following steps: S1: Diaminophenylmethane, trimellitic anhydride, and N-methylpyrrolidone are mixed in a mass ratio of 10-12:8-9:20-25. Nitrogen gas is introduced and a catalyst of 5%-8% by mass of diaminophenylmethane is added. The mixture is heated to 180-200℃ and stirred for 6-8 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered to obtain polyetherimide prepolymer. It should be added that diaminophenylmethane was purchased from Shaoguan No. 9 Biotechnology Co., Ltd., trimellitic anhydride was purchased from Shanghai Haiyu Zhonglong Technology Co., Ltd., and N-methylpyrrolidone was purchased from Jinan Ronghao Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0008] S2: Add maleic anhydride powder at a mass of 23%–27% of the polyetherimide prepolymer to the polyetherimide prepolymer in three equal portions with an interval of 8–12 minutes between each addition. After addition, heat to 125–135°C and add cyclopentadiene at a mass of 18%–22% of the polyetherimide prepolymer dropwise. Allow the reaction to proceed for 4.5–5.5 hours to obtain covalent polyetherimide. The maleic anhydride powder was purchased from Shandong Chengda Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. S3: Covalent polyetherimide, boric acid, ethylene glycol and toluene are mixed in a mass ratio of 8-12:1-2:2-3:15-20. Nitrogen gas is introduced and the mixture is heated to 110-115°C. The mixture is stirred for 15-20 minutes. After stirring, it is cooled to 40-45°C. The pH is adjusted to 6.8-7.2 with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a liquid product. The liquid product is then processed to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

[0009] Furthermore, the catalyst is selected from any one of triethylamine, tripropylamine, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, with tripropylamine purchased from Hubei Hanqing Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., and N,N-diisopropylethylamine purchased from Shandong Yaotong Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0010] Furthermore, the processing of the liquid product includes: The liquid product was stirred and mixed with deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:80-90, and allowed to stand for 1-1.5 hours. Then, solid-liquid separation was performed, and the solid product was collected. The solid product was washed with deionized water 3-5 times, and the washed solid product was placed under vacuum at 85-95°C and dried for 15-20 hours to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

[0011] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the modified thermoplastic polyurethane include: Trimethylolpropane and potassium hydroxide were mixed at a mass ratio of 18–22:1, nitrogen gas was introduced and the mixture was stirred for 10–15 min, the temperature was raised to 115–125 °C, and the mixture was degassed under vacuum for 25–35 min. Then, ethylene oxide with a mass of 3.5–4.5 times that of trimethylolpropane was added dropwise. After reacting for 5–6 h, the mixture was cooled to 55–65 °C, and the pH was adjusted to 6.8–7.2 with glacial acetic acid to obtain the initial solution. The trimethylolpropane was purchased from Shandong Jinruida New Materials Co., Ltd. The initial solution was pretreated to obtain a prepolymer. γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the prepolymer at a mass of 0.1%–0.3% and stirred for 15–20 min. After stirring, titanium carbide MXene nanosheets at a mass of 2%–4% of the prepolymer were added in five portions, with an interval of 4–8 min between each addition. The temperature was raised to 55–65 °C, and the mixture was sonicated for 25–35 °C to obtain the composite. The composite, polycaprolactone diol, and dibutyltin dilaurate were melt-blended at a mass ratio of 90–100:13–17:0.1–0.2 and then water-cooled to obtain granules. The granules were dried at 75–85°C for 3.5–4.5 h to obtain modified thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0012] Polycaprolactone diol was purchased from Jining Lido Chemical Co., Ltd., and dibutyltin dilaurate was purchased from Shandong Yaotong Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0013] Furthermore, the pretreatment of the initial solution includes: Add 23%–27% (by mass) of diphenylmethane diisocyanate to the initial solution, heat to 75–85°C and react for 2–2.5 h. After the reaction is complete, add 4%–6% (by mass) of maleimide to the initial solution, heat to 95–105°C and stir for 2.5–3.5 h to obtain the prepolymer. The diphenylmethane diisocyanate was purchased from Shanghai Aoji Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the titanium carbide MXene nanosheets are as follows: Trialuminum titanium carbide was mixed with hydrofluoric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:1.5-2.5 and stirred for 1.5-2.5 hours. After stirring, the mixture was centrifuged to obtain a crude product. The crude product, lithium fluoride, and hydrochloric acid were mixed at a mass ratio of 9-11:1:9-11 and heated to 75-85°C. The mixture was reacted for 20-24 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was centrifuged again and the centrifuged solid was collected. The centrifuged solid was ultrasonically treated with dimethyl sulfoxide at a mass ratio of 1:4.5-5.5 to obtain an ultrasonic product. The trialuminum titanium carbide was purchased from Qinghe County Dongjun Metal Materials Co., Ltd. The ultrasonic product was dispersed in ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:90~110, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added at a mass ratio of 1%~3% of the ultrasonic product. The mixture was heated to 55~65℃ and reacted for 3.5~4.5h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed with ethanol 2~4 times and centrifuged to obtain titanium carbide MXene nanosheets.

[0015] Furthermore, the antioxidant is selected from any one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, triphenylphosphine, and tri-2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl phosphite, wherein 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol is purchased from Anhui Anrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., triphenylphosphine is purchased from Shanghai Aoji Chemical Co., Ltd., and tri-2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl phosphite is purchased from Shanghai Zhenlishi Network Technology Co., Ltd.

[0016] Furthermore, the coupling agent is selected from any one of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and tetrabutyl titanate, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane are purchased from Shandong Huachen New Material Co., Ltd., and tetrabutyl titanate is purchased from Shandong Rongsheng New Material Co., Ltd.

[0017] A method for preparing a highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare novel polyetherimide and modified thermoplastic polyurethane according to the steps. Then weigh out short-cut carbon fibers, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene, coupling agent and antioxidant respectively. Add the novel polyetherimide, modified thermoplastic polyurethane, short-cut carbon fibers, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene, coupling agent and antioxidant to a twin-screw extruder, heat to 190-210℃, and melt-blend for 10-15 minutes to obtain molten material. Step 2: Extrude the molten material and water-cool it to granulate it to obtain rotor blade particles. Dry the rotor blade particles in a drying oven at 75-80℃ for 4-5 hours, and then use injection molding to obtain highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blades.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention uses a novel polyetherimide as the matrix, and enhances the flexibility of the molecular chain through covalent modification of maleic anhydride and cyclopentadiene. Then, a three-dimensional reinforcing network is formed using chopped carbon fibers, boron nitride nanotubes, and graphene to improve mechanical properties. Modified thermoplastic polyurethane enhances interfacial bonding through the synergistic effect of titanium carbide MXene nanosheets and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Coupling agents and antioxidants optimize processing performance and aging resistance, ultimately forming a dense composite structure that achieves a dual improvement in material toughness and strength. The covalent modification of the novel polyetherimide enhances the matrix toughness, carbon fibers and nanofillers form a gradient reinforcement structure, and modified polyurethane achieves interfacial toughening through MXene nanosheets. Combined with the antioxidant and coupling agent's antioxidant and interfacial optimization effects, the blade maintains its lightweight while improving impact resistance and high-temperature resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall fabrication process of the high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blade of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the novel polyetherimide for the highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blades of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of novel polyetherimide, 25 parts of chopped carbon fiber, 3 parts of boron nitride nanotubes, 1 part of graphene, 5 parts of modified thermoplastic polyurethane, 0.5 parts of coupling agent, and 0.2 parts of antioxidant.

[0023] Furthermore, the preparation method of the novel polyetherimide includes the following steps: S1: Diaminophenylmethane, trimellitic anhydride and N-methylpyrrolidone were mixed in a mass ratio of 10:8:20. Nitrogen gas was introduced and a catalyst of 5% by mass of diaminophenylmethane was added. The mixture was heated to 180°C and stirred for 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered to obtain polyetherimide prepolymer. S2: Add maleic anhydride powder at a mass of 23% of the polyetherimide prepolymer to the polyetherimide prepolymer in three equal portions with an 8-minute interval between each addition. After addition, heat to 125°C and add cyclopentadiene at a mass of 18% of the polyetherimide prepolymer. Allow the reaction to proceed for 4.5 hours to obtain covalent polyetherimide. The maleic anhydride powder was purchased from Shandong Chengda Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. S3: Covalent polyetherimide, boric acid, ethylene glycol and toluene are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1:2:15. Nitrogen gas is introduced and the mixture is heated to 110°C and stirred for 15 minutes. After stirring, the mixture is cooled to 40°C and the pH is adjusted to 6.8 with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a liquid product. The liquid product is then processed to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

[0024] Furthermore, the catalyst is triethylamine.

[0025] Furthermore, the processing of the liquid product includes: The liquid product was mixed with deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:80 and allowed to stand for 1 hour. Then, solid-liquid separation was performed, and the solid product was collected. The solid product was washed three times with deionized water. The washed solid product was placed under vacuum at 85°C and dried for 15 hours to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

[0026] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the modified thermoplastic polyurethane include: Trimethylolpropane and potassium hydroxide were mixed at a mass ratio of 18:1, nitrogen gas was introduced and stirred for 10 min, the temperature was raised to 115℃, and the mixture was degassed under vacuum for 25 min. Then, ethylene oxide with a mass of 3.5 times that of trimethylolpropane was added dropwise. After reacting for 5 h, the mixture was cooled to 55℃ and the pH was adjusted to 6.8 with glacial acetic acid to obtain the initial solution. The initial solution was pretreated to obtain a prepolymer. 0.1% by mass of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the prepolymer and stirred for 15 min. After stirring, 2% by mass of titanium carbide MXene nanosheets were added in five portions with a 4 min interval between each addition. The temperature was raised to 55 °C and ultrasonically treated for 25 °C to obtain the composite. The composite, polycaprolactone diol, and dibutyltin dilaurate were melt-blended at a mass ratio of 90:13:0.1 and then water-cooled to obtain granules. The granules were dried at 75°C for 3.5 h to obtain modified thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0027] Furthermore, the pretreatment of the initial solution includes: Add 23% by mass of diphenylmethane diisocyanate to the initial solution, heat to 75°C and react for 2 hours. After the reaction is complete, add 4% by mass of maleimide to the initial solution, heat to 95°C and stir for 2.5 hours to obtain the prepolymer.

[0028] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the titanium carbide MXene nanosheets are as follows: Trialuminum titanium carbide was mixed with hydrofluoric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:1.5 and stirred for 1.5 h. After stirring, the mixture was centrifuged to obtain a crude product. The crude product, lithium fluoride, and hydrochloric acid were mixed at a mass ratio of 9:1:9 and heated to 75°C for 20 h. After the reaction, the mixture was centrifuged again and the centrifuged solid was collected. The centrifuged solid was ultrasonically treated with dimethyl sulfoxide at a mass ratio of 1:4.5 to obtain an ultrasonic product. The trialuminum titanium carbide was purchased from Qinghe County Dongjun Metal Materials Co., Ltd. The ultrasonic product was dispersed in ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:90, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane at a mass ratio of 1% of the ultrasonic product was added. The mixture was heated to 55°C and reacted for 3.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed twice with ethanol and centrifuged to obtain titanium carbide MXene nanosheets.

[0029] Furthermore, the antioxidant is selected from 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.

[0030] Furthermore, the coupling agent is selected from γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

[0031] A method for preparing a highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare novel polyetherimide and modified thermoplastic polyurethane according to the steps. Then weigh out short-cut carbon fibers, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene, coupling agent and antioxidant respectively. Add the novel polyetherimide, modified thermoplastic polyurethane, short-cut carbon fibers, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene, coupling agent and antioxidant to a twin-screw extruder, heat to 190-210℃, and melt-blend for 10-15 minutes to obtain molten material. Step 2: Extrude the molten material and water-cool it to granulate it to obtain rotor blade particles. Dry the rotor blade particles in a drying oven at 75-80℃ for 4-5 hours, and then use injection molding to obtain highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blades.

[0032] Example 2 The preparation method of the high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blade provided in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1. The main difference between the two lies in the specific composition and ratio of the raw materials used. The specific composition of the raw materials used in this embodiment is as follows: the high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blade is made from the following parts by weight of raw materials: 55 parts of novel polyetherimide, 30 parts of short-cut carbon fiber, 5 parts of boron nitride nanotubes, 2 parts of graphene, 8 parts of modified thermoplastic polyurethane, 1 part of coupling agent and 0.5 parts of antioxidant.

[0033] Furthermore, the preparation method of the novel polyetherimide includes the following steps: S1: Diaminophenylmethane, trimellitic anhydride and N-methylpyrrolidone were mixed in a mass ratio of 12:9:25. Nitrogen gas was introduced and a catalyst of 8% by mass of diaminophenylmethane was added. The mixture was heated to 200°C and stirred for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered to obtain polyetherimide prepolymer. S2: Add maleic anhydride powder at a mass of 27% of the polyetherimide prepolymer to the polyetherimide prepolymer in three equal portions with a 12-minute interval between each addition. After addition, heat to 135°C and add cyclopentadiene at a mass of 22% of the polyetherimide prepolymer dropwise. Allow the reaction to proceed for 5.5 hours to obtain covalent polyetherimide. The maleic anhydride powder was purchased from Shandong Chengda Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. S3: Covalent polyetherimide, boric acid, ethylene glycol and toluene are mixed in a mass ratio of 12:2:3:20. Nitrogen gas is introduced and the mixture is heated to 115°C and stirred for 20 minutes. After stirring, the mixture is cooled to 45°C and the pH is adjusted to 7.2 with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a liquid product. The liquid product is then processed to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

[0034] Furthermore, the catalyst is tripropylamine.

[0035] Furthermore, the processing of the liquid product includes: The liquid product was mixed with deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:90 and allowed to stand for 1.5 hours. Then, solid-liquid separation was performed, and the solid product was collected. The solid product was washed five times with deionized water and then dried under vacuum at 95°C for 20 hours to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

[0036] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the modified thermoplastic polyurethane include: Trimethylolpropane and potassium hydroxide were mixed at a mass ratio of 22:1, nitrogen gas was introduced and stirred for 15 min, the temperature was raised to 125℃, and the mixture was degassed under vacuum for 35 min. Then, ethylene oxide with a mass of 4.5 times that of trimethylolpropane was added dropwise. After reacting for 6 h, the mixture was cooled to 65℃ and the pH was adjusted to 7.2 with glacial acetic acid to obtain the initial solution. The trimethylolpropane was purchased from Shandong Jinruida New Materials Co., Ltd. The initial solution was pretreated to obtain a prepolymer. 0.3% by mass of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the prepolymer and stirred for 20 min. After stirring, 4% by mass of titanium carbide MXene nanosheets were added in five portions with an 8 min interval between each addition. The temperature was raised to 65 °C and ultrasonically treated for 35 °C to obtain the composite. The composite, polycaprolactone diol, and dibutyltin dilaurate were melt-blended at a mass ratio of 100:17:0.2 and then water-cooled to obtain granules. The granules were dried at 85°C for 4.5 h to obtain modified thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0037] Furthermore, the pretreatment of the initial solution includes: Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (27% by mass of the initial solution) was added to the initial solution, and the mixture was heated to 85°C and reacted for 2.5 h. After the reaction was completed, maleimide (6% by mass of the initial solution) was added, and the mixture was heated to 105°C and stirred for 3.5 h to obtain the prepolymer. The diphenylmethane diisocyanate was purchased from Shanghai Aoji Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0038] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the titanium carbide MXene nanosheets are as follows: The trialuminum titanium carbide was mixed with hydrofluoric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:2.5 and stirred for 2.5 h. After stirring, the mixture was centrifuged to obtain a crude product. The crude product, lithium fluoride, and hydrochloric acid were mixed at a mass ratio of 11:1:11 and heated to 85°C for 24 h. After the reaction, the mixture was centrifuged again and the centrifuged solid was collected. The centrifuged solid was ultrasonically treated with dimethyl sulfoxide at a mass ratio of 1:5.5 to obtain an ultrasonic product. The trialuminum titanium carbide was purchased from Qinghe County Dongjun Metal Materials Co., Ltd. The ultrasonic product was dispersed in ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:110, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane at 3% by mass of the ultrasonic product was added. The mixture was heated to 65°C and reacted for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed four times with ethanol and centrifuged to obtain titanium carbide MXene nanosheets.

[0039] Furthermore, the antioxidant is triphenylphosphine, and the coupling agent is γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0040] Example 3 The preparation method of the high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blade provided in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1. The main difference between the two lies in the specific composition and ratio of the raw materials used. The specific composition of the raw materials used in this embodiment is as follows: the high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blade is made from the following parts by weight of raw materials: 53 parts of novel polyetherimide, 28 parts of short-cut carbon fiber, 4 parts of boron nitride nanotubes, 1.5 parts of graphene, 6 parts of modified thermoplastic polyurethane, 0.8 parts of coupling agent and 0.4 parts of antioxidant.

[0041] Furthermore, the preparation method of the novel polyetherimide includes the following steps: S1: Diaminophenylmethane, trimellitic anhydride and N-methylpyrrolidone were mixed in a mass ratio of 11:8.5:23. Nitrogen gas was introduced and a catalyst of 7% by mass of diaminophenylmethane was added. The mixture was heated to 190°C and stirred for 7 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered to obtain polyetherimide prepolymer. S2: Add maleic anhydride powder at a mass of 25% of the polyetherimide prepolymer to the polyetherimide prepolymer in three equal portions with a 10-minute interval between each addition. After addition, heat to 130°C and add cyclopentadiene at a mass of 20% of the polyetherimide prepolymer dropwise. Allow the reaction to proceed for 5 hours to obtain covalent polyetherimide. The maleic anhydride powder was purchased from Shandong Chengda Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. S3: Covalent polyetherimide, boric acid, ethylene glycol and toluene were mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1.5:2.5:18. Nitrogen gas was introduced and the mixture was heated to 112°C and stirred for 18 minutes. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 43°C and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a liquid product. The liquid product was then processed to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

[0042] Furthermore, the catalyst is N,N-diisopropylethylamine.

[0043] Furthermore, the processing of the liquid product includes: The liquid product was mixed with deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:85 and allowed to stand for 1.3 hours. Then, solid-liquid separation was performed, and the solid product was collected. The solid product was washed four times with deionized water and then dried under vacuum at 90°C for 18 hours to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

[0044] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the modified thermoplastic polyurethane include: Trimethylolpropane and potassium hydroxide were mixed at a mass ratio of 20:1, nitrogen gas was introduced and stirred for 13 min, the temperature was raised to 120℃, and the mixture was degassed under vacuum for 30 min. Then, ethylene oxide with a mass of 4 times that of trimethylolpropane was added dropwise. After reacting for 5.5 h, the mixture was cooled to 60℃ and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 with glacial acetic acid to obtain the initial solution. The trimethylolpropane was purchased from Shandong Jinruida New Materials Co., Ltd. The initial solution was pretreated to obtain a prepolymer. 0.2% by mass of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the prepolymer and stirred for 18 min. After stirring, 3% by mass of titanium carbide MXene nanosheets were added in five portions with a 5 min interval between each addition. The temperature was raised to 60 °C and ultrasonically treated for 30 °C to obtain the composite. The composite, polycaprolactone diol, and dibutyltin dilaurate were melt-blended at a mass ratio of 95:15:0.15 and then water-cooled to obtain granules. The granules were dried at 80°C for 4 hours to obtain modified thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0045] Furthermore, the pretreatment of the initial solution includes: Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (25% by mass of the initial solution) was added to the initial solution, and the mixture was heated to 80°C and reacted for 2.3 hours. After the reaction was completed, maleimide (5% by mass of the initial solution) was added, and the mixture was heated to 100°C and stirred for 3 hours to obtain the prepolymer. The diphenylmethane diisocyanate was purchased from Shanghai Aoji Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0046] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the titanium carbide MXene nanosheets are as follows: Aluminum titanium carbide was mixed with hydrofluoric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:2 and stirred for 2 hours. After stirring, the mixture was centrifuged to obtain a crude product. The crude product, lithium fluoride, and hydrochloric acid were mixed at a mass ratio of 9-11:1:10 and heated to 80°C for 23 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was centrifuged again and the centrifuged solid was collected. The centrifuged solid was ultrasonically treated with dimethyl sulfoxide at a mass ratio of 1:5 to obtain an ultrasonic product. The aluminum titanium carbide was purchased from Qinghe County Dongjun Metal Materials Co., Ltd. The ultrasonic product was dispersed in ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:100, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane at a mass ratio of 2% of the ultrasonic product was added. The mixture was heated to 60°C and reacted for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed three times with ethanol and centrifuged to obtain titanium carbide MXene nanosheets.

[0047] Furthermore, the antioxidant is selected from tris-2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl phosphite, and further still, the coupling agent is selected from tetrabutyl titanate.

[0048] Comparative Example 1: The preparation method and specific ratio of raw materials for a high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blade provided in this embodiment are roughly the same as those in Example 1. The main difference is that in this embodiment, an equal amount of polyetherimide is used instead of the novel polyetherimide, and the polyetherimide is purchased from Dongguan Jetes Plastic Products Co., Ltd.

[0049] Comparative Example 2: The preparation method and specific ratio of raw materials for a high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blade provided in this embodiment are roughly the same as those in Example 1. The main difference is that in this embodiment, an equal amount of thermoplastic polyurethane is used instead of modified thermoplastic polyurethane, and the thermoplastic polyurethane is purchased from Shanghai Yunhe Materials Technology Co., Ltd.

[0050] Comparative Example 3: The preparation method and specific ratio of raw materials for a high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blade provided in this embodiment are roughly the same as those in Example 1. The main difference is that the modified thermoplastic polyurethane prepared in this embodiment does not contain titanium carbide MXene nanosheets.

[0051] Effect test The high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blades prepared by Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are referred to as Experimental Examples 1 to 3; the high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blades prepared by Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are referred to as Comparative Examples 1 to 3; and then the performance of each group of high-toughness pneumatic component rotor blades in equal quantities is tested.

[0052] Experimental setup: Mechanical property test results and analysis: The tests were conducted according to GB / T 1040.1-2025 and GB / T 1843-2008. The test samples were rotor blades prepared in each embodiment and comparative example, with the average value of three samples in each group. The results showed that the performance of the embodiments was significantly better than that of the comparative examples. The experimental results are detailed in Table 1. Table 1: Mechanical Properties

[0053] Thermal stability test results and analysis: The stability of the blades under high-temperature conditions was investigated according to GB / T 1634.2-2019 and GB / T 27761-2011. The example blade exhibited superior thermal stability due to the synergistic effect of the novel polyetherimide and modified TPU. In the comparative example, due to raw material defects, both the thermal decomposition temperature and heat distortion temperature were significantly reduced. The data results are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Thermal Stability Performance Test Table

[0054] Fatigue resistance test results and analysis: Fatigue cycle tests were conducted at a frequency of 10 Hz and a maximum load of 50%, and the number of fracture cycles was recorded. In the example, the titanium carbide MXene nanosheets enhanced the interfacial bonding, resulting in excellent fatigue resistance. In contrast, Comparative Example 3, lacking this component, showed a significant reduction in the number of fracture cycles (see Table 3 for details). Table 3: Test Table for Wear Resistance Performance

[0055] Self-healing performance test results and analysis: The samples were cut into 2mm notches and repaired at 80℃ for 2 hours. The tensile strength recovery rate and impact toughness recovery rate were then tested. The examples in this case showed a high recovery rate due to the self-healing groups of the modified TPU. Comparative examples 2 and 3, lacking modified components, exhibited extremely poor self-healing performance. Detailed data are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Self-Healing Performance Test Table

[0056] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0057] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade, characterized in that: The highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-55 parts of novel polyetherimide, 25-30 parts of chopped carbon fiber, 3-5 parts of boron nitride nanotubes, 1-2 parts of graphene, 5-8 parts of modified thermoplastic polyurethane, 0.5-1 parts of coupling agent, and 0.2-0.5 parts of antioxidant.

2. The highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the novel polyetherimide includes the following steps: S1: Diaminophenylmethane, trimellitic anhydride, and N-methylpyrrolidone are mixed in a mass ratio of 10-12:8-9:20-25. Nitrogen gas is introduced and a catalyst of 5%-8% by mass of diaminophenylmethane is added. The mixture is heated to 180-200℃ and stirred for 6-8 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered to obtain polyetherimide prepolymer. S2: Add maleic anhydride powder at a mass of 23%–27% of the polyetherimide prepolymer to the polyetherimide prepolymer in three equal portions with an interval of 8–12 minutes between each addition. After addition, heat to 125–135°C and add cyclopentadiene at a mass of 18%–22% of the polyetherimide prepolymer dropwise. Allow the reaction to proceed for 4.5–5.5 hours to obtain covalent polyetherimide. S3: Covalent polyetherimide, boric acid, ethylene glycol and toluene are mixed in a mass ratio of 8-12:1-2:2-3:15-20. Nitrogen gas is introduced and the mixture is heated to 110-115°C. The mixture is stirred for 15-20 minutes. After stirring, it is cooled to 40-45°C. The pH is adjusted to 6.8-7.2 with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a liquid product. The liquid product is then processed to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

3. The highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to claim 2, characterized in that: The catalyst is selected from any one of triethylamine, tripropylamine, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine.

4. The highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to claim 2, characterized in that: The processing of the liquid product includes: The liquid product was stirred and mixed with deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:80-90, and allowed to stand for 1-1.5 hours. Then, solid-liquid separation was performed, and the solid product was collected. The solid product was washed with deionized water 3-5 times, and the washed solid product was placed under vacuum at 85-95°C and dried for 15-20 hours to obtain a novel polyetherimide.

5. The highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the modified thermoplastic polyurethane include: Trimethylolpropane and potassium hydroxide were mixed at a mass ratio of 18–22:1, nitrogen gas was introduced and the mixture was stirred for 10–15 min, the temperature was raised to 115–125 °C, and the mixture was degassed under vacuum for 25–35 min. Then, ethylene oxide with a mass of 3.5–4.5 times that of trimethylolpropane was added dropwise. After reacting for 5–6 h, the mixture was cooled to 55–65 °C and the pH was adjusted to 6.8–7.2 with glacial acetic acid to obtain the initial solution. The initial solution was pretreated to obtain a prepolymer. γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the prepolymer at a mass of 0.1%–0.3% and stirred for 15–20 min. After stirring, titanium carbide MXene nanosheets at a mass of 2%–4% of the prepolymer were added in five portions, with an interval of 4–8 min between each addition. The temperature was raised to 55–65 °C, and the mixture was sonicated for 25–35 °C to obtain the composite. The composite, polycaprolactone diol, and dibutyltin dilaurate were melt-blended at a mass ratio of 90–100:13–17:0.1–0.2 and then water-cooled to obtain granules. The granules were dried at 75–85°C for 3.5–4.5 h to obtain modified thermoplastic polyurethane.

6. The highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pretreatment of the initial solution includes: Add 23%–27% (by mass) of diphenylmethane diisocyanate to the initial solution, heat to 75–85°C and react for 2–2.5 h. After the reaction is complete, add 4%–6% (by mass) of maleimide to the initial solution, heat to 95–105°C and stir for 2.5–3.5 h to obtain the prepolymer.

7. A highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the titanium carbide MXene nanosheets are as follows: Aluminum titanium carbide was mixed with hydrofluoric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:1.5-2.5 and stirred for 1.5-2.5 h. After stirring, the mixture was centrifuged to obtain a crude product. The crude product, lithium fluoride, and hydrochloric acid were mixed at a mass ratio of 9-11:1:9-11 and heated to 75-85℃. The mixture was reacted for 20-24 h. After the reaction, the mixture was centrifuged again and the centrifuged solid was collected. The centrifuged solid was ultrasonically treated with dimethyl sulfoxide at a mass ratio of 1:4.5-5.5 to obtain an ultrasonic product. The ultrasonic product was dispersed in ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:90~110, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added at a mass ratio of 1%~3% of the ultrasonic product. The mixture was heated to 55~65℃ and reacted for 3.5~4.5h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed with ethanol 2~4 times and centrifuged to obtain titanium carbide MXene nanosheets.

8. The highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is selected from any one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, triphenylphosphine, and tri-2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl phosphite.

9. The highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling agent is selected from any one of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and tetrabutyl titanate.

10. The method for preparing the highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blade according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare novel polyetherimide and modified thermoplastic polyurethane according to the steps. Then weigh out short-cut carbon fibers, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene, coupling agent and antioxidant respectively. Add the novel polyetherimide, modified thermoplastic polyurethane, short-cut carbon fibers, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene, coupling agent and antioxidant to a twin-screw extruder, heat to 190-210℃, and melt-blend for 10-15 minutes to obtain molten material. Step 2: Extrude the molten material and water-cool it to granulate it to obtain rotor blade particles. Dry the rotor blade particles in a drying oven at 75-80℃ for 4-5 hours, and then use injection molding to obtain highly toughened pneumatic component rotor blades.

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