A photo-thermal super-hydrophobic anti- / de-icing coating prepared by a spray method, a preparation method and applications thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to super-hydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating, in particular to a light-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating prepared by spraying method, a preparation method and application thereof. The present application solves the defects of high equipment cost, complex process and difficult large-scale preparation of traditional light-thermal super-hydrophobic coating through simple TiN modification and spraying process, and has wide industrialization prospect. The coating of the present application meets the super-hydrophobic standard, and repels various liquids, self-cleaning and anti-pollution, effectively prevents the problem of coating function failure caused by the attachment of pollutants. And the weather resistance is excellent, and still maintains good super-hydrophobic performance under the action of high temperature and ultraviolet, which expands the application range of the coating. The combination of super-hydrophobic performance and light-thermal conversion ability endows the coating with good passive anti-icing and active de-icing ability under no energy consumption. It breaks through the core pain point of traditional anti-icing / de-icing technology with single function and high energy consumption, and is the key innovation for the development of anti-icing / de-icing materials towards green intelligence, high efficiency and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coatings, and particularly to a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating prepared by spraying, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Icing is a widespread phenomenon in key sectors of the national economy, such as aerospace, transportation, and energy, and has become a common technical challenge restricting the efficient and safe operation of equipment. Equipment icing significantly reduces performance; for example, icing on wind turbine blades and aircraft wings disrupts aerodynamics, icing on power transmission lines can easily lead to line breaks and collapses, and icing on photovoltaic modules drastically reduces photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, icing can easily induce various safety accidents, causing serious economic losses.

[0003] To address the aforementioned icing problem, traditional control strategies mainly include mechanical vibration de-icing, chemical anti-icing agent melting, and electrothermal de-icing. These methods generally suffer from drawbacks such as high energy demand, high operation and maintenance costs, and potential secondary damage to the ecological environment, making it difficult to meet the high-efficiency, green, and long-lasting anti-icing requirements of equipment in various fields. Therefore, researchers are dedicated to developing novel anti-icing / de-icing technologies to fundamentally inhibit the nucleation and accumulation of ice on material surfaces and achieve efficient and non-destructive removal of icing. Superhydrophobic surfaces, by significantly reducing the solid-liquid contact area, can effectively delay the freezing time of water droplets, becoming an important technological direction in the field of anti-icing. Furthermore, introducing photothermal functional materials into superhydrophobic coating systems can efficiently convert solar energy into thermal energy through photothermal conversion effects, rapidly promoting the melting of interfacial ice, providing a new approach for the development of high-performance anti-icing coatings. Studies have shown that MXene / PEI superhydrophobic composite films were prepared using laser etching, achieving a contact angle of 157°±0.5° and a roll-off angle of 7°±1°. Under low-power near-infrared irradiation, the surface temperature could rise from 20°C to 90°C within 10 seconds, with a maximum equilibrium temperature of 188°C. However, laser etching suffers from high equipment and process costs, low processing efficiency, and difficulty in large-scale experimental fabrication. Other studies have employed a stepwise synthesis of a carrier followed by spray curing to prepare coatings exhibiting excellent superhydrophobic self-cleaning properties and environmental stability, characterized by high phase change enthalpy (107.29 J / g), high photothermal conversion efficiency (87.6%), but the fabrication process is complex and large-scale production remains challenging.

[0004] This invention prepares a superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating with good photothermal conversion efficiency through a simple TiN modification and spraying process. Its superhydrophobic properties, weather resistance, photothermal capability, anti-icing, and de-icing capabilities were investigated. The optimized coating achieves a maximum water contact angle (WCA) of 160° and exhibits excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties, effectively preventing functional failure due to contaminant adhesion. The coating possesses good weather resistance and a certain degree of adhesion, broadening its application range. The excellent superhydrophobic properties and photothermal conversion effect meet the requirements of passive anti-icing and active de-icing without consuming energy. This easily prepared photothermal superhydrophobic de-icing coating has promising industrial prospects and provides new ideas and directions for the research and development of novel anti-icing / de-icing functional materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating prepared by spraying, its preparation method, and its application.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating prepared by spraying method, wherein the coating is composed of fluorinated modified titanium nitride F-TiN particles, epoxy resin E-44, and curing agent KH550; The F-TiN particles are obtained by fluorination and grafting of 20 nm TiN with PFOTES, and the particle surface is grafted with fluorine-containing long chains. The coating is formed by cross-linking E-44 and KH550 to form a three-dimensional network skeleton. The F-TiN particles construct a micro-nano hierarchical rough structure on the surface of the skeleton. The coating has a maximum static water contact angle of 160°. The coating has an average light absorption of ≥90% for sunlight and has dual functions of passive ice suppression at low temperature and active ice melting by light and heat.

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of F-TiN particles to epoxy resin E-44 is 3:2; the coating is resistant to strong acid at pH=1 and strong alkali at pH=14, and various liquids such as acids, alkalis and salts maintain a Cassie-Baxter non-wetting state on the coating surface.

[0008] Furthermore, after the coating was continuously irradiated with a 365 nm ultraviolet lamp at a distance of 15 cm for 6 hours and placed in a 100 ℃ oven for 72 hours, the coating still maintained its hydrophobic properties; the adhesion between the coating and the substrate was stable, and the adhesion strength of different formulation systems was greater than 0.8 MPa.

[0009] Furthermore, the anti-icing and de-icing performance of the coating is as follows: Passive anti-icing: At -15℃ and 30% relative humidity, a 5 μL water droplet takes up to 420 seconds to freeze completely; Photothermal de-icing: Under simulated sunlight irradiation at 5℃ and 1000W / m² xenon lamp, ice of the same volume completely melted in 380 s; under ambient light irradiation at 20℃ for 4 min, the temperature increased by 90℃; under ambient light irradiation at 5℃ for 4 min, the temperature increased by 76.4℃.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating, the steps of which are as follows: (1) Preparation of F-TiN fluorinated modified particles: TiN and PFOTES were dispersed in butyl acetate and stirred at room temperature for 12 h to obtain a mixture; the mixture was centrifuged, filtered, and dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain F-TiN particles; (2) Preparation of spraying liquid: After mixing and stirring E-44 epoxy resin and curing agent KH550, butyl acetate solvent is added, and then F-TiN particles are added and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a uniform spraying suspension. (3) Spraying and curing: Fill the spray gun with the spraying liquid and spray the spray gun with a distance of 15~20cm between the spray gun and the substrate. After spraying, place the substrate in a 60℃ oven to cure for 12 hours to obtain a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (1), the molar ratio of Ti atoms to PFOTES on the TiN surface is 2:1.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (2), the mass ratio of F-TiN:E-44:KH550 is 15:10:6.

[0013] Thirdly, this invention provides the application of a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating. The coating is sprayed onto the surface of wind turbine blades, aircraft wings, power transmission lines, and photovoltaic module substrates, achieving long-term anti-icing and solar-powered self-de-icing without additional energy consumption. At the same time, it relies on its self-cleaning function to avoid dust pollution that could cause the coating to degrade.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) A superhydrophobic coating with both anti-icing and photothermal effects was prepared by simple TiN modification and spraying process. Its superhydrophobic properties, weather resistance, anti-icing / de-icing ability and photothermal ability were studied. This solved the defects of traditional photothermal superhydrophobic coating equipment with high cost, complex process and difficulty in large-scale preparation. It has broad industrialization prospects.

[0015] (2) The coating meets the superhydrophobic standard, repels a variety of liquids, is self-cleaning and anti-fouling, and effectively prevents the coating from failing due to the adhesion of pollutants. In addition, it has excellent weather resistance and maintains good superhydrophobic properties even under high temperature and ultraviolet radiation, which broadens the application range of the coating.

[0016] (3) The combination of superhydrophobic properties and photothermal conversion capability endows the coating with good passive anti-icing and active de-icing capabilities without energy consumption. It breaks through the core pain points of traditional anti-icing / de-icing technology, which is single-function and high energy consumption, and is a key innovation for anti-icing / de-icing materials to move towards green, intelligent, efficient and reliable development. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 Flowchart for the preparation of photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating; Figure 2 (a) Water droplet contact test of TiN and F-TiN particles; (b, c) XPS full spectrum of TiN and F-TiN particles; (d, e) C1 s peak fitting of TiN and F-TiN particles; Figure 3 SEM images of F-TiN particles (ac) and F-TiN coating (df) at different magnifications; EDS spectrum and corresponding SEM image of F-TiN coating (gi); Figure 4 Contact angle measurement: (a) Before and after TiN modification; (b) Different ratios of F-TiN and E-44; (c) Different adhesives; (d) Different liquids; (e) Comparison of superhydrophobic properties of coatings and glass; (f) Droplet bouncing; (g) Self-cleaning properties; Figure 5 (a) Silver mirror phenomenon; (b) Anti-fouling performance; (c) Photographs of different droplets on the coating; Figure 6 (a) Contact angle of the coating under ultraviolet light irradiation and (b) under high temperature environment; (c) Adhesion performance; Figure 7 Photographs (a) of the freezing process of stained water droplets on glass, TiN coating and F-TiN coating surfaces and a schematic diagram of the freezing mechanism of static water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces (b); Figure 8 (a) Reflectivity; (b) Transmittance; Figure 9 (a) Photothermal active de-icing process under solar irradiation at 5℃; (b) Schematic diagram of the de-icing mechanism on superhydrophobic surfaces; Figure 10 The heating process of the coating under xenon lamp irradiation at (a) 20°C and (b) 5°C; infrared thermal imaging of the coating under xenon lamp irradiation at (c) 20°C and (d) 5°C. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Materials and reagents All chemicals and solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers without further purification. Deionized water used in the experiments was obtained from the laboratory water purification system. Nano-titanium nitride (99.9% metals basis, 20 nm), epoxy resin E-44, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550, 99%), butyl acetate (ACS, ≥99.5%), and triethoxy-1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecylfluoro-N-octylsilane (PFOTES) were purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. The substrate was glass (25.4 mm × 76.2 mm × 1.0 mm).

[0021] Example 1

[0022] Coating preparation process F-TiN particle preparation First, 1.5 g of TiN nanoparticles and 0.3 mL of the modifying agent PFOTES were dispersed in 40 mL of butyl acetate and stirred for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the resulting F-TiN suspension was centrifuged at 10000 r / min for 15 minutes, filtered, and dried in an oven at 60℃ for 12 h to obtain F-TiN particles.

[0023] Preparation of F-TiN coating First, 0.5 g of adhesive E-44 and 0.3 g of curing agent KH550 were mixed and stirred for 15 min. Using 7 mL of butyl acetate as a solvent, 0.75 g of F-TiN modified particles were added and stirred for 1 h. After stirring evenly, the final product was poured into a spray gun, maintaining a distance of 15-20 cm between the spray gun and the sample. After spraying, the coated sample was placed in an oven at 60℃ for curing for 12 h, finally obtaining a photothermal superhydrophobic F-TiN coating (Figure 1).

[0024] Performance testing and characterization The modified particles and coating morphology were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi Regulus 8220). Solar reflectance and transmittance were measured using a UV / VIS / NIR spectrometer in the range of 300-2500 nm. Elemental composition was analyzed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, EDAX Octane). Elemental analysis of TiN particles before and after modification was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contact angle of the coating was measured using a contact angle meter (DSA25S, KRü SS, Germany). During measurement, approximately 4 μL of water was dropped onto the coating surface using a syringe, and a side view was taken after the droplet stabilized to measure the contact angle. Freezing delay experiment: 5 μL of deionized water was dropped onto the coating surface at -15℃, and the time for complete freezing was recorded. The surface temperature change of the coating was recorded in real time using an infrared thermal imager under xenon lamp irradiation.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] Material characterization Figure 2 a shows the wettability of the nanoparticle surface before and after PFOTES modification. Water droplets exhibit wetting behavior on the original TiN particles, with the particles adhering to the droplet surface, demonstrating good hydrophilicity. However, water droplets maintain a spherical profile on F-TiN particles, proving that the long fluorine chains of PFOTES were successfully grafted onto the TiN surface, and the modified F-TiN particles exhibit excellent superhydrophobic properties.

[0027] XPS analysis was performed on TiN and F-TiN, such as Figure 2 As shown in (b, c), F-TiN particles exhibit the presence of additional F element compared to TiN. Figure 2 As shown in (d, e), by peak position analysis and fitting comparison of C1 s spectra, C-Si, CF2 and CF3 peaks appeared in F-TiN compared with TiN, confirming that the fluorinated long chain was successfully grafted onto the TiN surface.

[0028] Rough surface structure and low surface energy are necessary conditions for constructing superhydrophobic materials. Figure 3 (ac) shows SEM images of F-TiN particles at different magnifications. At low magnifications, the surface exhibits disordered protrusions, providing a rough surface structure. At higher magnifications, numerous nanostructures are observed on the protruding surface, mainly composed of modified low-surface-energy F-TiN particles. These micro- and nano-hierarchical structures contain abundant gaps, which are beneficial for trapping and retaining air cushions, thus enabling superhydrophobic performance. Figure 3 (df) shows SEM images of the F-TiN coating at different magnifications. Under the action of E-44 binder, a dense three-dimensional network structure is formed, which maintains superhydrophobic properties while providing good mechanical properties. Figure 3 (gi) EDS spectrum and corresponding SEM image, elemental distribution shows that F element is distributed on the modified surface, which also confirms the existence of long fluorine chains in PFOTES.

[0029] Coating wettability and self-cleaning properties The unmodified TiN coating, serving as a control group, had a contact angle of only 110°, exhibiting only some hydrophobic properties. In contrast, the modified F-TiN coating achieved a contact angle of 160°, meeting the superhydrophobic standard. Figure 4 a). The effect of the mass ratio of F-TiN to E-44 on the superhydrophobic properties was further investigated. When the mass ratio of F-TiN to E-44 was 1:1, the coating WCA reached its maximum value, at which point the hydrophobicity was strongest. Figure 4 b). To verify the universality of the modified particles, different adhesives were selected, and the coatings all exhibited good superhydrophobic properties. Figure 4 c). The addition of E-44 binder gives the F-TiN coating a dense three-dimensional network structure. Most liquids, such as strong acids or strong alkalis (pH=1, pH=14), cannot easily destroy the superhydrophobic interface structure of the coating, thus maintaining the superhydrophobic standard on the coating. Figure 4 d), the coating exhibits good stability.

[0030] Figure 4 e demonstrates a comparison of the superhydrophobic properties of the F-TiN coating and glass. When a water droplet falls from a certain height onto the surface of the coating at a certain angle, the droplet slides off quickly, while the droplet adheres directly to the glass surface. When the coating is placed at a certain angle and a water droplet is placed on its surface, the droplet bounces off the coating before falling due to gravity until it leaves the coating surface. Figure 4 f). Using sand as a solid contaminant in the self-cleaning test ( Figure 4 g) Sand is sprinkled onto the surface of the sample, and then water droplets are dropped onto the contaminants. Upon contact with the surface, the water droplets quickly roll away the contaminants due to the surface's superhydrophobic properties, achieving a self-cleaning effect.

[0031] When glass, TiN coating, and F-TiN coating are immersed in water, the glass shows no obvious changes, the TiN coating surface has a small number of bubbles, and the F-TiN coating surface exhibits a silvery mirror luster. Figure 5 a). This is because glass is completely hydrophilic, while the hydrophobic surface traps the gas layer, causing bubbles to adhere to the surface. When superhydrophobicity is achieved, the bubbles cover the entire surface, resulting in a silvery mirror luster due to light reflection. Further testing of antifouling properties can be conducted by immersing the glass and the prepared F-TiN coating in different dyeing solutions and then removing them. Figure 5 b): Liquids always leave some residue on glass, but no liquid adhesion was observed with the F-TiN coating. Figure 5c shows actual images of various liquids on the F-TiN coating. Most of them exhibit superhydrophobic effects, proving that the superhydrophobic interface structure of the coating is not damaged and the coating has good stability.

[0032] Weather resistance test To test the coating's weather resistance, it was irradiated with a 365 nm UV lamp at a distance of 15 cm for 4 hours and still exhibited good superhydrophobicity, and good hydrophobicity for 6 hours. Figure 6 a). Placing the coating in a 100°C oven for 3 days did not affect its superhydrophobic properties. Figure 6 (b) This demonstrates that the superhydrophobic core structure of the coating is stable and that the superhydrophobic interface structure will not be easily destroyed. Figure 6 c indicates that the coating has stable substrate adhesion and is not easy to peel off, providing structural support for superhydrophobic performance under complex working conditions and broadening the application of the coating.

[0033] Passive anti-icing and active de-icing like Figure 7 As shown in Figure a, under conditions of -15℃ and 30% relative humidity, the same volume of dyed water droplets on the glass, TiN coating and F-TiN coating surfaces completely froze after 180s, 300s and 420s respectively, proving that the F-TiN coating can significantly delay the freezing process of water droplets in low temperature environment and has excellent anti-icing and anti-icing capabilities.

[0034] Figure 7 b illustrates the mechanism by which static water droplets on a superhydrophobic surface delay freezing: After resin cross-linking and curing, micro- and nano-particles are densely packed, forming a rough structure that can trap air, reducing the solid-liquid contact area. The proportion of nucleation rate at the solid-liquid interface in the total droplet nucleation rate decreases accordingly. At this point, the ice crystal nucleation process tends towards homogeneous nucleation, thereby increasing the nucleation barrier of the droplet and delaying the freezing trend. Furthermore, the air trapped by the micro- and nano-hierarchical structure weakens heat exchange between the solid and liquid. The superhydrophobic surface with a small solid-liquid contact area can absorb more heat, resulting in a smaller temperature drop in the water droplet under low-temperature conditions, thus slowing down the freezing process of the water droplet on the coating surface.

[0035] Solar energy is a sustainable and pollution-free energy source, and converting it into thermal energy storage is the most direct, efficient, and clean process. When sunlight shines on the coating surface, it is reflected, transmitted, or absorbed, and a good photothermal effect is determined by the absorbance. The absorbance is calculated using equation (1): A = 1 - TR (1) Where A, T, and R represent absorbance, transmittance, and reflectivity, respectively.

[0036] like Figure 8 As shown in (a, b), compared with glass, the modified F-TiN coating exhibits extremely low reflectivity and transmittance. Calculations show that the average absorbance of the coating can reach over 90%, meaning that the solar energy irradiated onto the coating surface is captured to the maximum extent, with almost no energy loss through reflection or transmission. This confirms that the F-TiN coating possesses excellent photothermal conversion capabilities, laying a solid foundation for efficient de-icing.

[0037] like Figure 9 As shown in Figure a, under solar irradiation at 5℃, frozen water droplets of the same volume completely melted in 380s, 480s, and 780s on the F-TiN coating, the TiN coating, and the glass surface, respectively. The melting rate of frozen water droplets on the F-TiN coating was significantly faster, demonstrating that the coating has good photothermal de-icing capabilities.

[0038] like Figure 9 As shown in b, the photothermal superhydrophobic F-TiN coating retains the properties of TiN particles and exhibits excellent photothermal conversion capabilities. Under sunlight, the F-TiN coating absorbs sunlight and converts it into heat energy, rapidly heating the coating surface. As the photothermal conversion proceeds, heat is continuously transferred to the ice-coating interface, increasing the surface temperature and forming localized "hot spots," accelerating the partial melting of the frozen water droplets at their base. With continued heat transfer, the frozen water droplets eventually melt completely, restoring the coating to its initial Cassie-Baxter terrestrial non-wetting contact state.

[19] .

[0039] like Figure 10 As shown in (a) and (b), xenon lamps (power: 1000 W / m²) are used in ambient temperatures of 20°C and 5°C. 2 Simulating outdoor sunlight exposure for 4 minutes, the modified F-TiN coating retains the photothermal conversion capability of the TiN coating to the maximum extent, and its heating rate is significantly faster than that of glass. Figure 10 As shown in (c) and (d), under ambient temperatures of 20℃ and 5℃, infrared thermal imaging revealed that the surface temperature of the glass increased by 40.9℃ and 39.4℃ respectively after 4 minutes, while the temperature of the modified F-TiN coating increased by 90℃ and 76.4℃ respectively. This excellent photothermal conversion capability provides crucial performance support for the anti-icing / de-icing applications of the F-TiN coating at different temperatures.

[0040] A superhydrophobic coating with both anti-icing and photothermal effects was prepared by a simple TiN modification and spraying process. Its superhydrophobic properties, weather resistance, anti-icing / de-icing ability, and photothermal performance were investigated, and the following main conclusions were obtained: (1) By using simple TiN modification and spraying process, the shortcomings of traditional photothermal superhydrophobic coating equipment are high cost, complex process and difficult to prepare on a large scale, which has broad industrialization prospects.

[0041] (2) The coating meets the superhydrophobic standard, repels a variety of liquids, is self-cleaning and anti-fouling, and effectively prevents the coating from failing due to the adhesion of pollutants. In addition, it has excellent weather resistance and maintains good superhydrophobic properties even under high temperature and ultraviolet radiation, which broadens the application range of the coating.

[0042] (3) The combination of superhydrophobic properties and photothermal conversion capability endows the coating with good passive anti-icing and active de-icing capabilities without energy consumption. It breaks through the core pain points of traditional anti-icing / de-icing technology, which is single-function and high energy consumption, and is a key innovation for anti-icing / de-icing materials to move towards green, intelligent, efficient and reliable development.

Claims

1. A photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating prepared by spraying method, characterized in that, The coating is composed of fluorinated modified titanium nitride F-TiN particles, epoxy resin E-44, and curing agent KH550. The F-TiN particles are obtained by fluorination and grafting of 20 nm TiN with PFOTES, and the particle surface is grafted with fluorine-containing long chains. The coating is formed by cross-linking E-44 and KH550 to form a three-dimensional network skeleton. The F-TiN particles construct a micro-nano hierarchical rough structure on the surface of the skeleton. The coating has a maximum static water contact angle of 160°. The coating has an average light absorption of ≥90% for sunlight and has dual functions of passive ice suppression at low temperature and active ice melting by light and heat.

2. The photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating prepared by spraying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of F-TiN particles to epoxy resin E-44 is 3:2; the coating is resistant to strong acid at pH=1 and strong alkali at pH=14, and various liquids such as acids, alkalis and salts maintain a Cassie-Baxter non-wetting state on the coating surface.

3. The photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating prepared by spraying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating retains its hydrophobic properties even after being continuously irradiated with a 365 nm ultraviolet lamp at a distance of 15 cm for 6 hours and placed in a 100 ℃ oven for 72 hours. The coating also exhibits stable adhesion to the substrate, with adhesion strength greater than 0.8 MPa for different formulation systems.

4. The photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating prepared by spraying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-icing and de-icing properties of the coating are as follows: Passive anti-icing: At -15℃ and 30% relative humidity, a 5 μL water droplet takes up to 420 seconds to freeze completely; Photothermal de-icing: Under simulated sunlight irradiation at 5℃ and 1000W / m² xenon lamp, ice of the same volume completely melted in 380 s; under ambient light irradiation at 20℃ for 4 min, the temperature increased by 90 ℃; under ambient light irradiation at 5℃ for 4 min, the temperature increased by 76.4 ℃.

5. The method for preparing the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: (1) Preparation of F-TiN fluorinated modified particles: TiN and PFOTES were dispersed in butyl acetate and stirred at room temperature for 12 h to obtain a mixture; the mixture was centrifuged, filtered, and dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain F-TiN particles; (2) Preparation of spraying liquid: After mixing and stirring E-44 epoxy resin and curing agent KH550, butyl acetate solvent is added, and then F-TiN particles are added and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a uniform spraying suspension. (3) Spraying and curing: The spraying liquid is loaded into the spray gun and the distance between the spray gun and the substrate is 15~20cm to complete the spraying; after the spraying is completed, the substrate is placed in a 60℃ oven for curing for 12 hours to obtain a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (1), the molar ratio of Ti atoms to PFOTES on the TiN surface is 2:

1.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of F-TiN:E-44:KH550 is 15:10:

6.

8. The application of the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing / de-icing coating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The coating is sprayed onto the surface of wind turbine blades, aircraft wings, power transmission lines, and photovoltaic module substrates. It achieves long-term anti-icing and solar-powered de-icing without additional energy consumption, while relying on its self-cleaning function to avoid dust pollution that would cause the coating's function to degrade.

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