A multi-effect tree trunk protective coating with repellent, protective and nutritional functions, and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-effect tree trunk protection paint with repellent, protective and nutritional functions and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant protection in agriculture and forestry. Raw materials of the multi-effect tree trunk protection paint include, by weight, 90-110 parts of a basic functional carrier, 3-6 parts of a bitter repellent component, 2-5 parts of a bactericidal and insecticidal component, and 8-12 parts of a nutritional functional component. The basic functional carrier is plant pitch prepared by subjecting wood vinegar and walnut green peel extract liquid to reduced pressure distillation; and the nutritional functional component is an animal-derived small-molecule peptide nutritional liquid with a molecular weight less than 1000 Dalton. The application uses plant pitch as a film-forming carrier, and realizes efficient repellence by combining bitter alkaloids. Small-molecule peptides are introduced to supply nutrients to tree bark, thereby solving the problems of difficult construction of the existing physical wrapping method, short persistence of chemical repellents, and single function of traditional whitewashing agents. The paint is particularly suitable for desert afforestation and orchard protection, realizes integration of "protection-repair-nutrition", and is green and environmentally friendly, and can realize high-value utilization of agricultural waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural and forestry plant protection technology, specifically to a protective coating for the protection of tree trunks such as forest trees and fruit trees, and more specifically to a multifunctional composite coating mainly composed of natural ingredients that can simultaneously prevent wild animals from eating the tree, control pests and diseases, prevent frost damage, and provide nutrients to the tree through the bark, as well as its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] In ecological restoration projects (such as desertification control and afforestation of barren mountains) and economic forest planting (such as orchards and shelterbelts), the trunks of newly planted and mature trees often face various stresses. Among these, the behavior of wild animals (such as rabbits, rodents, and deer) gnawing on tree bark during seasons of food scarcity is particularly serious, often leading to girdling of the phloem, interruption of water and nutrient transport, stunted tree growth, and even death, resulting in huge economic losses to ecological construction and agricultural production.

[0003] 1. Traditional whitewashing methods (functional deficiencies): These methods rely on quicklime, sulfur, and salt as the core ingredients. For example, Chinese patent CN104814012B discloses a whitewashing composition consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and EVA, which focuses on solving the air permeability problem. However, its essence is still a lime-based white coating, containing no repellent active substances, making it almost ineffective against animal grazing. Another example is CN105802292B, which introduces foaming particles, but its high inorganic skeleton density makes it unsuitable for long-term adhesion to living bark. While CN112913859A adds plant extracts, it lacks a bittering mechanism and has no nutritional function.

[0004] 2. Dedicated anti-chewing agents (toxicity versus long-lasting effect): These often use capsaicin, coal tar, or strong alkalis. For example, CN102835426B discloses an anti-chewing slow-release agent using coal tar + chili powder + sulfur. While effective, coal tar contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), posing a high environmental risk. Capsaicin-based irritants are highly water-soluble, resulting in a short-lasting effect (typically only 2-3 months) under winter and spring rain and snow in the wild. Furthermore, the metabolites of thiram-type anti-chewing agents pose safety risks, and ester-based coatings are prone to causing skin suffocation in summer.

[0005] 3. Petroleum asphalt route (environmental risks): Direct application of petroleum asphalt, while preventing gnawing, forms a completely closed hydrophobic film that blocks lenticels, interferes with bark respiration, and contains PAHs, which does not meet the requirements of modern ecological engineering.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies have consistently failed to resolve the contradictions between "environmentally friendly and non-toxic" and "long-lasting anti-eating properties," "physical barrier" and "physiological breathability," and "passive defense" and "active nutrition." Developing a multifunctional composite coating that integrates physical barrier, biological repellency, disease prevention, and nutritional supplementation is a pressing technical challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical problem to be solved: The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a tree trunk protective coating that is made of natural raw materials, has multiple functions, and is long-lasting and effective, thus solving the problems of existing products having single functions, short duration of effectiveness, poor environmental friendliness, and inability to provide nutrients.

[0008] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-functional tree trunk protective coating with repellent, protective, and nutritional functions comprises the following components by weight: 90-110 parts of a basic functional carrier, 3-6 parts of a bitter repellent component, 2-5 parts of a bactericidal and insecticidal component, and 8-12 parts of a nutritional functional component. The basic functional carrier is plant pitch, obtained by vacuum distillation of a mixture of wood vinegar and walnut husk extract at a weight ratio of 1:(1.5-2.5). The nutritional functional component is a small molecule peptide nutrient solution of animal origin with a molecular weight less than 1000 Daltons, mixed with the plant pitch at a weight ratio of 1:(1.5~2.5).

[0009] Furthermore, the vacuum distillation temperature of the plant asphalt is 280-360℃, and the pressure is not higher than 0.1 kPa; preferably, the temperature is 300-340℃, and the pressure is 0.005-0.02 kPa.

[0010] Furthermore, the bitterness-repelling component is preferably a compound of tobacco powder and cantaloupe root powder in a weight ratio of (1:1) to (1:2). The tobacco powder provides nicotine, and the cantaloupe root powder provides cucurbitacin-like bittering agents. The two work together to produce a strong oral aversion, and it is a non-harmful repellent, preventing animals from retaliating by biting.

[0011] Furthermore, the bactericidal and insecticidal component is preferably lime sulfur crystals or a 29% aqueous solution. Its alkaline polysulfides form a locally slightly alkaline interface with the weakly acidic-neutral organic matrix of plant pitch, maintaining bactericidal pressure without causing strong alkali burns to the entire skin surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the animal-derived small molecule peptide nutrient solution is prepared from feather / hoof / aquatic processing by-product protein through complex protease gradient hydrolysis, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration. Its characteristic molecular weight is <1000 Da, and it can be directly absorbed through the gaps in tree bark.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned coating, comprising the following steps: S1. Preparation of plant asphalt: Wood vinegar and concentrated walnut husk extract are added to a vacuum distillation apparatus in a certain proportion and distilled at a set temperature and pressure. The distillate is collected (which can be used as an acidic liquid fertilizer), and the residue is cooled to obtain plant asphalt. S2. Preparation of basic mixture: Mix plant asphalt and animal-derived small molecule peptide nutrient solution at a constant temperature of 60-80℃ for 20-40 minutes to obtain a homogeneous basic mixture; S3. Compounding of finished coatings: Add bitterness-repelling component powder and bactericidal and insecticidal components to the base mixture, and disperse and stir at high speed for 30-50 minutes to obtain a paste or thick paste finished coating.

[0014] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned coating, wherein the coating is diluted with water at a weight ratio of 1:(8-12) and then applied or sprayed onto the tree trunk at a depth of 50-120 cm above the ground. Beneficial effects

[0015] 1. Synergistic repulsion mechanism: The dense, flexible, and breathable membrane formed by plant asphalt increases the difficulty of grazing. Combined with the compound bitter alkaloids of tobacco powder and cantaloupe root powder, it produces a strong oral aversion to rodents, with a repulsion rate of over 96%.

[0016] 2. Resource recycling and environmental protection: By utilizing wood vinegar (a byproduct of wood processing) and walnut husks (agricultural waste), waste is turned into treasure; the product is naturally biodegradable and has no PAHs risk.

[0017] 3. Breakthrough in Nutritional Repair: Breaking away from the traditional mindset that coatings only provide surface protection, this product uses small molecule peptides (<1000 Da) to penetrate the bark, significantly promoting spring budding and growth of trees (see Experimental Example 4 for details).

[0018] 4. Simple process and low cost: The preparation process mainly involves mixing and dispersion, without the need for complex chemical reactions; the distillate can be used as a by-product, further improving economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the multi-effect tree trunk protective coating of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the effect of applying the coating of this invention to trees and using traditional straw wrapping after a winter.

[0021] Figure 3 The figure shows experimental data on the effect of the coating on the repelling behavior of rabbits from grazing, as illustrated in the examples.

[0022] Figure 4 A curve showing the temperature change of the coating surface between day and night (demonstrating the anti-freeze cracking mechanism). Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed in accordance with conventional techniques or conditions in the art.

[0024] Example 1: Preparation of Multi-Effect Tree Trunk Protective Coating A S1: In a 1000L vacuum distillation vessel, add 200kg of wood vinegar and 400kg of concentrated walnut husk water extract (30% solid content), and mix thoroughly. Control the reaction temperature at 320℃±10℃ and the system pressure at 0.01 kPa. Collect approximately 480kg of distillate (pH≈3.0, rich in organic acids, to be used as foliar fertilizer). Cool the remaining viscous substance in the vessel to 80℃ to obtain approximately 120kg of plant asphalt.

[0025] S2: Take 200 kg of the above-mentioned plant asphalt and place it in a reactor equipped with heating and stirring, and heat it to 70℃. Slowly add 100 kg of animal protein peptide hydrolysate (small molecule peptide content ≥30%, molecular weight ≤1000 Da), and stir at 60 r / min for 30 minutes to obtain 300 kg of basic mixture.

[0026] S3: Take 100 kg of the basic mixture, add 2 kg of cantaloupe root powder (passed through a 100-mesh sieve), 2 kg of tobacco powder, and 3 kg of 29% lime-sulfur mixture aqueous solution. Disperse at 800 r / min for 40 minutes to obtain a dark brown paste-like finished coating A.

[0027] Example 2: Preparation of Multi-Effect Tree Trunk Protective Coating B S1: Same as in Example 1, to obtain plant bitumen.

[0028] S2: Take 180 kg of plant asphalt and mix it with 120 kg of animal-derived small molecule peptide nutrient solution at 75°C to obtain the basic mixture.

[0029] S3: Take 100kg of basic mixture, add 3kg of Sophora flavescens powder, 1.5kg of tobacco powder, and 2.2kg of 45% lime sulfur crystals (pre-dissolved), disperse and stir in the same way to obtain finished coating B (focusing on promoting growth and repair).

[0030] Comparative Example 1 (CK1): A conventional tree trunk whitewash was prepared according to the weight ratio of quicklime:sulfur powder:salt:water = 10:1:0.2:30.

[0031] Comparative Example 2 (CK2): Following the approach outlined in CN102835426B, a capsaicin-PVA anti-chewing agent was prepared (30 parts quicklime + 0.5 parts chili powder + 3 parts PVA + 1 part sulfur + 40 parts water).

[0032] Comparative Example 3 (CK3): Commercially available anti-chewing agent (calcium oxide-sulfur-vanillamide system).

[0033] Experiment Example 1: Field Trial of Winter and Spring Protective Effects Experimental location: Windbreak and sand-fixing forest area in Jiya Township, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang; Subjects: 100 two-year-old Xinjiang Elaeagnus angustifolia trees, divided into 4 groups of 25 trees each; Period: Late October to early April of the following year (approximately 150 days). Coatings A and B were diluted at a ratio of 1:10 and applied to a depth of 20-50 cm.

[0034] Table 1: Comparison of protective effects of different treatments (n=30, mean ± SD) Results analysis: The data show that traditional whitewash (CK1) has poor ability to prevent grazing; capsaicin-based coatings (CK2) have a short effective period; the coating of the present invention (A / B) shows significant synergistic advantages in preventing grazing, preventing freezing, preventing disease and promoting growth.

[0035] Experimental Example 2: Resistance to Rain Washout and Duration Simulated spraying experiments (rainfall intensity 20 mm / h, 4℃) showed that the cumulative mass loss rate of coating A over 48 hours was 7.8% ± 1.2%, far lower than that of CK1 (38.5%) and CK2 (14.3%). After 150 days in the field, the adhesion rate of coating A remained above 72%, while most of CK1 peeled off.

[0036] Experimental Example 3: Coating Microenvironment Control (Anti-freeze Cracking Mechanism) Temperature measurement data shows that under sunny conditions with a night temperature of -3℃ and a day temperature of 11℃, the diurnal temperature difference on the bare skin surface is 21.7℃, while that of the whitening agent (CK1) is 10.9℃ and that of coating A is 13.2℃. The brownish tone of coating A avoids the extreme reflection of the pure white coating, and at the same time, through the buffering of the internal heat capacity, it effectively reduces the temperature difference amplitude and prevents freezing cracking.

[0037] Experimental Example 4: Absorption of small molecule peptides from coatings by tree bark (Core creative evidence) Using ¹ 5 N-labeled animal protein peptide solution was incorporated into paint A and applied to the tree trunk. Samples were taken and tested on days 7, 15, and 30 after application. The results showed that the phloem¹ 5 The increases in nitrogen abundance were 0.023%, 0.033%, and 0.038%, respectively, confirming that small-molecule nitrogen in the coating can cross the dead skin layer interface and enter the living tissue, providing additional organic nitrogen supply to the trees and explaining the significant increase in new shoot growth.

[0038] Example 3: Extreme Low Temperature Freeze-Crack Resistance Test Poplar seedlings were treated at -25℃ for 30 days. The coating A treatment group showed no frost cracking, while the traditional whitewash (CK1) had a frost cracking rate of 18%.

[0039] Stability test

[0040] The coating A prepared in Example 1 was sealed and stored at room temperature. After 12 months, it was observed that there was no layering or mold growth, and it remained a uniform paste after stirring.

[0041] Instructions for the Preservation of Biological Materials

[0042] The animal-derived small molecule peptide nutrient solution used in this invention is from Xinjiang Wanfang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and does not require biological material preservation. Industrial applicability

[0043] The coating of this invention has a simple production process, uses widely available and low-cost raw materials, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. It can be widely used in fields such as ecological restoration, orchard protection, and urban greening, and has significant ecological and economic benefits.

Claims

1. A multi-functional tree trunk protective coating that combines repellency, protection, and nutrition, characterized in that, The raw materials comprise the following components by weight: a: 90-110 copies of the basic functional carrier; b: 3-6 parts of bitterness-repelling component; c: 2-5 parts of bactericidal and insecticidal components; d: 8-12 portions of nutritional functional components; The basic functional carrier is plant pitch, which is prepared by mixing wood vinegar and walnut green peel extract at a weight ratio of 1:(1.5-2.5) and then distilling under reduced pressure; the nutritional functional component is a small molecule peptide nutrient solution of animal origin with a molecular weight of less than 1000 Daltons.

2. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum distillation temperature is 280-360℃, and the pressure is not higher than 0.1 kPa.

3. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bitterness-repelling component is selected from one or more of tobacco powder, cantaloupe root powder, coptis powder, and sophora flavescens powder; preferably, it is a compound of tobacco powder and cantaloupe root powder in a weight ratio of (1:1) to (1:2).

4. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bactericidal and insecticidal components are selected from one of lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, and sodium rosinate; preferably lime sulfur crystals or 29% aqueous solution.

5. A method for preparing the multi-effect trunk protective coating according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Add wood vinegar and concentrated walnut peel extract to a vacuum distillation apparatus in a certain proportion, and distill at a temperature of 300-340℃ and a pressure of 0.005-0.02 KPa. Collect the distillate, cool the residue to 70-90℃, and obtain plant asphalt. S2: Mix plant asphalt and animal-derived small molecule peptide nutrient solution at a constant temperature of 60-80℃ for 20-40 minutes to obtain a basic mixture; S3: Add bitter repellent powder and bactericidal and insecticidal components that have passed through an 80-120 mesh sieve to the basic mixture, and disperse and stir at a speed of 500-1000 r / min for 30-50 minutes to obtain the finished coating.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wood vinegar mentioned in step S1 is a by-product of wood dry distillation, and the walnut green husk extract is a concentrated aqueous extract of walnut processing waste with a solid content of 20%-40%.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The distillate collected in step S1 has a pH of 2.5-3.5 and contains organic acids and phenolic substances, which can be used as an acidic liquid fertilizer or soil conditioner.

8. The application of the coating according to any one of claims 1-4 in the protection of forest trees, fruit trees, or landscape trees, characterized in that, After diluting the coating with water at a weight ratio of 1:(8-12), apply or spray it evenly to a height of 50-120 cm above the ground on the tree trunk using a brush, roller, or low-pressure sprayer.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The application can simultaneously prevent wild animals from eating the bark, control pests and diseases, prevent frost damage, and supplement small molecule nutrients through the bark. The effect of a single application can last for 5-6 months.

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