Ceramic proppant based on complex additive control and method for preparing the same

Abstract

The application discloses ceramsite proppants based on composite additive regulation and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing materials. The proppants are prepared from fly ash, bauxite, illite and manganese ore powder as main raw materials, composite additives of lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide and a composite additive composed of carboxymethyl guar gum and starch grafted acrylamide, mixing, ball milling, spray granulation and discharge plasma sintering, and the main crystal phase is mullite. The method effectively improves the green ball formability and sphericity, significantly improves the density, compressive strength and acid resistance stability of the proppants, realizes the integrated regulation of light weight, high strength, low breakage rate and low acid solubility, and realizes the integrated regulation of light weight, high strength, low breakage rate and low acid solubility. The raw material cost is low, the solid waste utilization rate is high, the preparation process is efficient and energy-saving, the cycle is short, the prepared proppants have dense structure and good sphericity, and have good engineering application and environmental protection value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydraulic fracturing materials technology, specifically relating to a densified ceramsite proppant based on the synergistic regulation of composite additives. This invention also relates to a method for preparing the ceramsite proppant. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of oil and gas resource exploration and development towards deeper and unconventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing technology has become a core means to achieve efficient extraction of low-permeability shale oil and gas. Ceramsite proppant, as a key functional material in fracturing operations, must maintain the long-term conductivity of fractures under deep, high-temperature, high-pressure, and highly corrosive formation environments. Its key properties, such as fragmentation rate, bulk density, sphericity, compactness, and acid solubility, directly determine the fracturing effect and oil and gas well productivity. Currently, high-alumina bauxite remains the main raw material for oil fracturing proppants, resulting in high raw material costs, limited resource reserves, and high energy consumption. Using industrial solid wastes such as fly ash and illite, along with low-grade minerals, to replace high-value bauxite in the preparation of low-cost, high-performance proppants has become an important direction for the industry's green and resource-based development.

[0003] Fly ash, a major solid waste from coal-fired power plants, is mainly composed of SiO2 and Al2O3, providing the basic framework for preparing ceramsite proppant. However, it suffers from inherent defects such as smooth particle surfaces, poor adhesion, low plasticity, and difficulty in pelletizing. Traditional granulation processes often use a single binder, which easily leads to problems such as low density of raw pellets, large internal pores, drying cracking, poor sphericity after sintering, and insufficient strength. Simultaneously, the lack of efficient water-retaining components causes rapid crusting on the surface of the raw pellets, hindering internal moisture migration and resulting in powdering, deformation, and cracking during drying and sintering, significantly reducing the overall performance of the proppant. Existing composite additive systems are insufficient in synergistic control of dispersibility, water retention, and adhesion, making it difficult to achieve uniform and dense pelletizing of fly ash-based raw pellets. This results in a high proppant breakage rate and poor acid solubility stability, failing to meet the stringent requirements of deep shale gas development for high-strength, low-density, high-sphericity, and acid-resistant proppants. Therefore, developing a composite additive system that combines efficient binding, water retention, dispersion and reinforcement functions, and constructing an integrated preparation technology for solid waste resource utilization and high performance, is of great practical significance for promoting the upgrading of oil and gas extraction materials and the high-value utilization of industrial solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ceramic proppant based on composite additive regulation, using fly ash, illite and other solid wastes as the main raw materials. Through the combined design of binder-water-retaining composite additives, graphene oxide nano-toughening and lanthanum chromate high-temperature stabilization, the density, sphericity, compressive strength and acid resistance of the proppant are significantly improved.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned ceramic proppant, which optimizes the quality of raw material pellet forming, shortens the sintering cycle, reduces sintering temperature and energy consumption, and improves the utilization rate of industrial solid waste by coupling powder composite ball milling, spray bonding into pellets and spark plasma sintering for rapid densification.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a ceramic proppant based on composite additive regulation, which is composed of the following raw material components by mass percentage: Fly ash 43%~56%, bauxite 18%~30%, illite 8%~14%, manganese ore powder 6%~12%, lanthanum chromate 0.5%~1.5%, graphene oxide 0.5%~1.5%, composite additives 1%~2%.

[0007] The invention is further characterized by: The composite additives include a binder and a water-retaining agent, wherein the binder is carboxymethyl guar gum and the water-retaining agent is starch-grafted acrylamide.

[0008] Another technical solution adopted in this invention is a method for preparing ceramsite proppant based on composite additive regulation, which is specifically implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the raw materials: fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, starch-grafted acrylamide, and carboxymethyl guar gum; Step 2: After mixing fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide and starch-grafted acrylamide, the mixture is ball-milled. The mixed powder is then placed in a granulation device for granulation. At the same time, carboxymethyl guar gum is prepared into a solution and sprayed onto the mixed powder during the granulation process to prepare raw material balls. Step 3: Perform spark plasma sintering on the raw material pellets; Step 4: After sintering is completed and the material is naturally cooled to room temperature, ceramsite support is obtained.

[0009] Another feature of the technical solution of this invention is that: In step 1, the mass percentages of each raw material are as follows: The compound additives consist of 43%~56% fly ash, 18%~30% bauxite, 8%~14% illite, 6%~12% manganese ore powder, 0.5%~1.5% lanthanum chromate, 0.5%~1.5% graphene oxide, and 1%~2% by mass of starch-grafted acrylamide and carboxymethyl guar gum.

[0010] In step 2, after ball milling to obtain mixed powder, the powder is passed through a 200-400 mesh sieve and dried before being placed in a granulation device for granulation.

[0011] In step 2, the prepared raw material balls need to be passed through a 40-70 mesh sieve and dried.

[0012] In step 3, the raw material balls are loaded into a graphite mold and then placed into a spark plasma sintering furnace for sintering.

[0013] In step 3, the sintering temperature is 1150℃~1300℃, the pressure is 30Mpa~50Mpa, and the time is 5~10 minutes.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) Mechanical properties are significantly improved and the breakage rate is greatly reduced. This invention utilizes the synergistic bonding and water retention effects of carboxymethyl guar gum and starch-grafted acrylamide, combined with the toughening, crack bridging, and grain refinement effects of graphene oxide nanoparticles, to reduce the breakage rate of ceramsite proppant to as low as 2.6% under a 52MPa closure pressure. This is approximately 69% lower than that of ceramsite without composite additives (breakage rate 8.4%), significantly improving compressive bearing capacity and meeting the long-term stable support requirements of deep high-pressure formations.

[0015] (2) Reduced bulk density, achieving lightweight and high strength While ensuring high strength, the bulk density of the proppant of this invention can be as low as 1.51 g / cm³, which can effectively reduce the pumping resistance of fracturing fluid and construction energy consumption, and improve the economy and safety of fracturing operations.

[0016] (3) Significantly enhanced acid resistance, suitable for corrosive formations The composite additives work synergistically with the chemical stabilizer of lanthanum chromate to reduce the acid solubility of the proppant to as low as 3.0%, maintaining structural integrity even in acid-containing fracturing fluids and acidic formations, thus significantly improving the long-term service stability of the proppant.

[0017] (4) Excellent sphericity and higher flow guiding capacity The composite additives significantly improve the plasticity and pelletizing properties of fly ash, resulting in uniformly dried raw pellets without cracking or powdering. After sintering, the sphericity approaches 1.0, with a smooth and round surface and more uniform particle accumulation. This effectively improves the conductivity of cracks and enhances oil and gas production.

[0018] (5) High solid waste utilization rate, resulting in both reduced costs and energy consumption. Using 43%~56% fly ash as the main raw material, combined with solid waste components such as illite, the amount of high-alumina bauxite used is greatly reduced, and the comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste exceeds 60%. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology is adopted, and the sintering time is only 5~10 minutes, which is more than 80% shorter than the traditional high-temperature sintering. The sintering temperature is reduced by 50~150℃, achieving energy saving, consumption reduction and low-cost preparation.

[0019] (6) The microstructure is dense and has no obvious defects. SEM and optical photographs show that the proppant of this invention has no obvious open pores or microcracks, the matrix is ​​continuous and dense, the crystal phase is well developed, and the content of mullite main crystal phase is high; the comparative example is loose and porous with dense defects, which further confirms the key regulatory role of composite additives in densification. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 An optical photograph of the ceramic support prepared in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 2 An optical photograph of the ceramic support prepared in Comparative Example 1 of this invention; Figure 3 This is a SEM image of the ceramic proppant prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a SEM image of the ceramic proppant prepared in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] This invention is based on a composite additive-controlled ceramsite proppant, which is composed of the following raw material components by mass percentage: Fly ash 43%~56%, bauxite 18%~30%, illite 8%~14%, manganese ore powder 6%~12%, lanthanum chromate 0.5%~1.5%, graphene oxide 0.5%~1.5%, composite additives 1%~2%.

[0023] The composite additives include: carboxymethyl guar gum as a binder and starch-grafted acrylamide as a water-retaining agent.

[0024] The main crystalline phase formed by the ceramsite proppant during calcination is the mullite phase.

[0025] The roles of each component in the ceramsite proppant are as follows: Fly ash: as the main raw material and source of silicon and aluminum, it provides SiO2 and some Al2O3 required to form the proppant skeleton.

[0026] Bauxite: Used to regulate the aluminum-silicon ratio in the system.

[0027] illite: As a natural clay component, it provides alkali metal oxides such as K2O.

[0028] Manganese ore powder: lowers the temperature at which the liquid phase forms and shortens the sintering time.

[0029] Lanthanum chromate: a high-temperature structural stabilizer and chemically reinforcing phase.

[0030] Graphene oxide: Nano-toughening and crack bridging effects.

[0031] Carboxymethyl guar gum: a powerful binder and rheology modifier.

[0032] Starch-grafted acrylamide: a super water-retaining agent and pore regulator.

[0033] The basis for selecting the content of fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, and composite additives in ceramsite proppant, and the achieved effects are as follows: The selection of the component contents in the ceramsite proppant of this invention has undergone meticulous design and verification. By setting the fly ash content within the range of 43% to 56%, high-value utilization of solid waste is achieved. 18% to 30% bauxite is added to regulate the silicon-to-alumina ratio of the system, ensuring the formation of a high-strength mullite reinforcing phase during high-temperature sintering. The introduction of 8% to 14% illite and 6% to 12% manganese ore powder to construct a multi-component composite fluxing system reduces the temperature requirements and energy consumption during sintering. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5% to 1.5% lanthanum chromate not only inhibits excessively rapid grain coarsening at high temperatures but also improves the stability of the proppant under acidic conditions. Graphite oxide... A olefin content of 0.5% to 1.5% enables uniform dispersion of nanosheets, ensuring the formation of a continuous and robust network structure during sintering and reduction. Furthermore, the content of composite additives is controlled at 1% to 2%, utilizing their excellent shear rheology and strong water-locking ability to ensure high-density molding and defect-free drying of raw material pellets. Combined with the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure characteristics of SPS sintering technology, the material achieves extraordinary densification, thereby ensuring the resource utilization of solid waste while obtaining a densified ceramic proppant with ultra-high strength, high toughness, and excellent chemical stability.

[0034] This invention constructs a reinforcement system combining graphene oxide nano-toughening and lanthanum chromate with extremely strong chemical stability. It combines carboxymethyl guar gum and starch-grafted acrylamide to densify the raw material pellets and precisely control their sphericity. By utilizing the instantaneous densification effect of SPS sintering, it achieves a synergistic improvement in the strength, toughness, and chemical stability of the ceramic pellet support.

[0035] This invention relates to a method for preparing ceramsite proppant based on composite additives, which is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials according to their mass percentages: Fly ash 43%~56%, bauxite 18%~30%, illite 8%~14%, manganese ore powder 6%~12%, lanthanum chromate 0.5%~1.5%, graphene oxide 0.5%~1.5%, composite additives 1%~2%; Step 2: Mix fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, and starch-grafted acrylamide in the above proportions, ball mill them, pass them through a 200-400 mesh sieve, and then dry them. Place the dried mixed powder in a granulation device. At the same time, prepare a certain concentration of carboxymethyl guar gum into an aqueous solution, put it into a spray bottle, and spray it onto the mixed powder in the granulation device during the granulation process. The granules are formed by rolling friction and surface tension. Then, the mixture is passed through a 40-70 mesh sieve and dried. Step 3: Load the dried raw material balls into a special graphite mold, place them in a spark plasma sintering furnace, set the sintering temperature to 1150℃~1300℃, the pressure to 30Mpa~50Mpa, and the time to 5~10 minutes. Step 4: After sintering, allow the ceramsite to cool naturally to room temperature in the furnace, then remove the ceramsite for sieving and packaging to obtain the finished ceramsite support.

[0036] In the preparation method of the ceramic proppant based on composite additive regulation of the present invention: fly ash realizes the high-value utilization of solid waste; bauxite regulates the silicon-aluminum ratio; illite and manganese ore powder form a composite flux system to promote liquid phase sintering and reduce energy consumption; lanthanum chromate acts as a stabilizer to prevent excessively rapid grain coarsening and improves stability under acidic conditions; graphene oxide acts as a reinforcing agent to improve strength; and starch-grafted acrylamide in the composite additive acts as a water-retaining agent to optimize powder dispersion and prevent graphene oxide agglomeration; carboxymethyl guar gum acts as a binder to improve mechanical strength and densification.

[0037] Example 1 This embodiment is based on a ceramic proppant controlled by composite additives, which includes the following components by mass percentage: Fly ash 56%, bauxite 25%, illite 8%, manganese ore powder 6%, lanthanum chromate 1.5%, graphene oxide 1.5%, composite additives 2% (starch-grafted acrylamide 1% and carboxymethyl guar gum 1%).

[0038] The preparation method of this ceramic proppant is as follows: Fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, and starch-grafted acrylamide were mixed in the above proportions and ball-milled. The mixture was then sieved through a 200-mesh sieve and dried. The dried powder mixture was placed in a granulation device. A starch-grafted acrylamide aqueous solution of a certain concentration was prepared, loaded into a spray bottle, and sprayed onto the mixture. The mixture was then granulated using rolling friction and surface tension. The granules were sieved through a 40-mesh sieve and dried. The dried raw material balls are loaded into a special graphite mold and placed in a spark plasma sintering furnace. The sintering temperature is set to 1200℃, the pressure to 30MPa, and the time to 5 minutes. After sintering, the sample is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature in the furnace. Then, the sample is removed, sieved, and packaged to obtain the finished ceramic proppant.

[0039] Example 2 This embodiment is based on a ceramic proppant controlled by composite additives, which includes the following components by mass percentage: 50% fly ash, 29% bauxite, 8% illite, 10% manganese ore powder, 0.5% lanthanum chromate, 1% graphene oxide, and 1.5% composite additives (0.5% starch-grafted acrylamide and 1% carboxymethyl guar gum).

[0040] The preparation method of this ceramic proppant is as follows: Fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, and starch-grafted acrylamide were mixed in the above proportions and ball-milled. The mixture was then sieved through a 300-mesh sieve and dried. The dried powder mixture was placed in a granulation device. Carboxymethyl guar gum was prepared into an aqueous solution of a certain concentration, loaded into a spray bottle, and sprayed onto the mixture. The mixture was then granulated using rolling friction and surface tension. The granules were sieved through a 40-mesh sieve and dried. The dried raw material balls are loaded into a special graphite mold and placed in a spark plasma sintering furnace. The sintering temperature is set to 1150℃, the pressure to 40MPa, and the time to 8 minutes. After sintering, the sample is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature in the furnace. Then, the sample is removed, sieved, and packaged to obtain the finished ceramic proppant.

[0041] Example 3 This embodiment is based on a ceramic proppant controlled by composite additives, which includes the following components by mass percentage: 45% fly ash, 30% bauxite, 10% illite, 12% manganese ore powder, 1% lanthanum chromate, 1% graphene oxide, and 1% composite additives (0.5% starch-grafted acrylamide and 0.5% carboxymethyl guar gum).

[0042] The preparation method of this ceramic proppant is as follows: Fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, and starch-grafted acrylamide were mixed in the above proportions and ball-milled, then sieved through a 400-mesh sieve and dried. The dried mixed powder was placed in a granulation device, and carboxymethyl guar gum was prepared into an aqueous solution of a certain concentration, which was then placed in a spray bottle. By spraying the carboxymethyl guar gum solution, granulation was achieved using rolling friction and surface tension. The granules were then sieved through a 60-mesh sieve and dried. The dried raw material balls are loaded into a special graphite mold and placed in a spark plasma sintering furnace. The sintering temperature is set to 1300℃, the pressure to 40MPa, and the time to 10 minutes. After sintering, the sample is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature in the furnace. Then, the sample is removed, sieved, and packaged to obtain the finished ceramic proppant.

[0043] Example 4 This embodiment is based on a ceramic proppant controlled by composite additives, which includes the following components by mass percentage: 46% fly ash, 30% bauxite, 12% illite, 9% manganese ore powder, 0.5% lanthanum chromate, 1% graphene oxide, and 1.5% composite additives (1% starch-grafted acrylamide and 0.5% carboxymethyl guar gum).

[0044] The preparation method of this ceramic proppant is as follows: Fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, and starch-grafted acrylamide were mixed in the above proportions and ball-milled. The mixture was then sieved through a 200-mesh sieve and dried. The dried powder mixture was placed in a granulation device. Carboxymethyl guar gum was prepared into an aqueous solution of a certain concentration, loaded into a spray bottle, and sprayed onto the mixture. The mixture was then granulated using rolling friction and surface tension. The granules were sieved through a 50-mesh sieve and dried. The dried raw material balls are loaded into a special graphite mold and placed in a spark plasma sintering furnace. The sintering temperature is set to 1250℃, the pressure to 50MPa, and the time to 7 minutes. After sintering, the sample is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature in the furnace. Then, the sample is removed, sieved, and packaged to obtain the finished ceramic proppant.

[0045] Example 5 This embodiment is based on a ceramic proppant controlled by composite additives, which includes the following components by mass percentage: Fly ash 54%, bauxite 24%, illite 12%, manganese ore powder 6%, lanthanum chromate 1%, graphene oxide 1%, composite additives 2% (starch-grafted acrylamide 1% and carboxymethyl guar gum 1%).

[0046] The preparation method of this ceramic proppant is as follows: Fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, and starch-grafted acrylamide were mixed in the above proportions and ball-milled, then sieved through a 300-mesh sieve and dried. The dried mixed powder was placed in a granulation device, and carboxymethyl guar gum was prepared into an aqueous solution of a certain concentration, which was then placed in a spray bottle. By spraying the carboxymethyl guar gum solution, granulation was achieved using rolling friction and surface tension. The granules were then sieved through a 70-mesh sieve and dried. The dried raw material balls are loaded into a special graphite mold and placed in a spark plasma sintering furnace. The sintering temperature is set to 1280℃, the pressure to 40MPa, and the time to 8 minutes. After sintering, the sample is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature in the furnace. Then, the sample is removed, sieved, and packaged to obtain the finished ceramic proppant.

[0047] Example 6 This embodiment is based on a ceramic proppant controlled by composite additives, which includes the following components by mass percentage: 43% fly ash, 30% bauxite, 12% illite, 11% manganese ore powder, 0.5% lanthanum chromate, 1.5% graphene oxide, and 2% composite additives (0.5% starch-grafted acrylamide and 1.5% carboxymethyl guar gum).

[0048] The preparation method of this ceramic proppant is as follows: Fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, and starch-grafted acrylamide were mixed in the above proportions and ball-milled, then sieved through a 400-mesh sieve and dried. The dried mixed powder was placed in a granulation device, and carboxymethyl guar gum was prepared into an aqueous solution of a certain concentration, which was then placed in a spray bottle. By spraying the carboxymethyl guar gum solution, granulation was achieved using rolling friction and surface tension. The granules were then sieved through a 40-mesh sieve and dried. The dried raw material balls are loaded into a special graphite mold and placed in a spark plasma sintering furnace. The sintering temperature is set to 1200℃, the pressure to 40MPa, and the time to 10 minutes. After sintering, the sample is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature in the furnace. Then, the sample is removed, sieved, and packaged to obtain the finished ceramic proppant.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that no composite additives were added, while the mass percentage of bauxite was increased to 27%.

[0050] The performance of the ceramsite proppant prepared in each embodiment and comparative example of the present invention was tested, and the results are as follows: Table 1. Performance Comparison of Different Proppants

[0051] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the ceramsite sample without composite additives in Comparative Example 1, the ceramsite proppant with composite additives in Examples 1-6 significantly reduced the compressive breakage rate while achieving low density and lightweight, and also inhibited the erosion of the ceramsite skeleton by acid, making the ceramsite proppant with composite additives perform better.

[0052] Figure 1 and Figure 2The images show optical photographs of the ceramsite support materials prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. As can be seen from the images, the ceramsite in Comparative Example 1 without the added composite additive has poor sphericity, mainly due to the poor plasticity of the fly ash raw material. In contrast, the ceramsite prepared in Example 1 has good sphericity. This is because the added composite additive effectively exerts a synergistic effect, thereby effectively increasing the viscosity of the raw material to ensure stable adhesion; simultaneously, it forms a water-locking film, improving the bonding strength of the green body and preventing powder shedding.

[0053] Figure 3 and Figure 4 SEM images of the ceramsite proppant prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown. As can be seen from the images, the ceramsite sample in Comparative Example 1 without the added composite additive exhibits a significantly loose and porous structure, with numerous pores and microcracks of varying diameters scattered throughout the image. Its densification level is low, making it highly susceptible to skeletal collapse under pressure, leading to an increased breakage rate. In contrast, the sample in Example 1 with the added composite additive has a complete internal structure, with virtually no observable open pores. Under the influence of the co-solvent and high temperature, the raw materials form a continuous and dense matrix, effectively withstanding external pressure and exhibiting high compressive strength and densification.

Claims

1. A ceramic proppant based on composite additive regulation, characterized in that, It consists of the following raw material components according to mass percentage: Fly ash 43%~56%, bauxite 18%~30%, illite 8%~14%, manganese ore powder 6%~12%, lanthanum chromate 0.5%~1.5%, graphene oxide 0.5%~1.5%, composite additives 1%~2%.

2. The ceramic proppant based on composite additive regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite additive includes a binder and a water-retaining agent, wherein the binder is carboxymethyl guar gum and the water-retaining agent is starch-grafted acrylamide.

3. A method for preparing ceramsite proppant based on composite additive regulation, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Weigh the raw materials: fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide, starch-grafted acrylamide, and carboxymethyl guar gum; Step 2: After mixing fly ash, bauxite, illite, manganese ore powder, lanthanum chromate, graphene oxide and starch-grafted acrylamide, the mixture is ball-milled. The mixed powder is then placed in a granulation device for granulation. At the same time, carboxymethyl guar gum is prepared into a solution and sprayed onto the mixed powder during the granulation process to prepare raw material balls. Step 3: Perform spark plasma sintering on the raw material pellets; Step 4: After sintering is completed and the material is naturally cooled to room temperature, ceramsite support is obtained.

4. The preparation method of the ceramsite proppant based on composite additive regulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 1, the mass percentages of each raw material are as follows: The compound additives consist of 43%~56% fly ash, 18%~30% bauxite, 8%~14% illite, 6%~12% manganese ore powder, 0.5%~1.5% lanthanum chromate, 0.5%~1.5% graphene oxide, and 1%~2% by mass of starch-grafted acrylamide and carboxymethyl guar gum.

5. The preparation method of the ceramsite proppant based on composite additive regulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 2, after ball milling to obtain mixed powder, the powder is passed through a 200-400 mesh sieve and dried before being placed in a granulation device for granulation.

6. The preparation method of the ceramsite proppant based on composite additive regulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 2, the prepared raw material balls need to be passed through a 40-70 mesh sieve and dried.

7. The preparation method of the ceramsite proppant based on composite additive regulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 3, the raw material balls are loaded into a graphite mold and then placed into a spark plasma sintering furnace for sintering.

8. The preparation method of the ceramsite proppant based on composite additive regulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 3, the sintering temperature is 1150℃~1300℃, the pressure is 30Mpa~50Mpa, and the time is 5~10 minutes.

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