Refrigerator oil, composition for refrigerator, and heat pump

Abstract

The refrigeration oil according to embodiments of this disclosure comprises a silane compound of chemical formula 1: [Chemical Formula 1] In said chemical formula 1, any one or any two of R1 to R4 are independently selected from C1-C5 alkoxy groups, and the remainder are independently selected from C1-C5 alkoxy groups. 14 Alkyl groups. The refrigeration composition according to embodiments of this disclosure comprises the refrigeration oil and a refrigerant. The heat pump according to embodiments of this disclosure comprises the refrigeration oil. The refrigeration oil, the refrigeration composition, and the heat pump may have enhanced heat transfer characteristics and high-temperature stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of this application relate to a refrigeration oil, a composition for refrigeration equipment, and a heat pump. Background Technology

[0002] In air conditioning or refrigeration systems, working fluids such as refrigerants and refrigeration oils can be used as materials to transfer heat for heat exchange. An air conditioning system can refer to a system that maintains a comfortable environment by regulating factors such as temperature, humidity, and air composition. Air conditioning or refrigeration systems can be used in buildings, factories, homes, vehicles, aircraft, and other similar applications.

[0003] The refrigeration oil circulates within the aforementioned system, contributing to the lubrication, cooling, sealing, cleaning, and regulation of refrigerant solubility in mechanical components such as the compressor. It can also circulate together with the refrigerant in certain zones.

[0004] Examples of refrigerants include fluorocarbon compounds, and research and development aimed at improving their stability in working fluids are ongoing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical problems to be solved

[0006] One object of this disclosure is to provide a refrigeration oil with enhanced high-temperature stability.

[0007] One object of this disclosure is to provide a composition for refrigeration equipment with enhanced heat transfer properties and high-temperature stability.

[0008] One object of this disclosure is to provide a heat pump with enhanced heat transfer characteristics and high-temperature stability.

[0009] Technical solution

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the refrigeration oil may contain a silane compound of chemical formula 1.

[0011] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0012]

[0013] In the above chemical formula 1, any one or any two of R1 to R4 are independently selected from C1-C5 alkoxy groups, and the rest are independently C1-C5 alkoxy groups. 14 Alkyl groups.

[0014] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any one or any two of R1 to R4 may be independently selected from methoxy or ethoxy.

[0015] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any one or any two of the remaining ones can be methyl, ethyl or propyl.

[0016] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any two of R1 to R4 may be independently selected from C1-C3 alkoxy groups, and the remaining two may be independently selected from C1-C2 straight-chain alkyl groups or C3-C7 branched-chain alkyl groups.

[0017] In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the aforementioned refrigeration oil, it may contain 0.1% to 10% by weight of the aforementioned silane compound of Formula 1.

[0018] In one embodiment, it may also include at least one of engine oil and additives.

[0019] In one embodiment, the total weight of the aforementioned refrigeration oil may contain 87% to 99% of the aforementioned oil.

[0020] In one embodiment, the aforementioned engine oil may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol, polycarbonate, alkylbenzene, polyvinyl ether, polyether, and perfluoropolyether.

[0021] In one embodiment, the additive may include at least one of a stabilizer, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, an acid scavenger, an extreme pressure additive, and an anti-wear agent.

[0022] In one embodiment, it may include the silane compound of chemical formula 1, the engine oil, the stabilizer, the acid scavenger, and the anti-wear agent.

[0023] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned refrigeration oil, after evaluating its high-temperature stability at temperatures between 140°C and 160°C according to the ASHRAE Standard 97 test method, the total acid number (TAN) measured according to the ASTM D664 test method can be below 1 mg KOH / g.

[0024] In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned refrigeration oil, after evaluating its high-temperature stability at temperatures between 140°C and 160°C according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method, the color index measured according to ASTM D1500 test method can be less than 1.

[0025] A refrigeration composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise the above-described refrigeration oil and a refrigerant containing CF3I.

[0026] In one embodiment, the refrigerant may also include refrigerants other than CF3I.

[0027] A heat pump according to one embodiment of this disclosure may contain the aforementioned refrigeration oil.

[0028] Technical effect

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the refrigeration oil may have improved high-temperature stability and long-term reliability.

[0030] A refrigeration composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have enhanced heat transfer properties and high-temperature stability.

[0031] A heat pump according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may have enhanced heat transfer characteristics and oxidation stability. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 and Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams illustrating the flow of refrigerant for heat exchange in either cooling or heating mode within a heat exchanger in a heat pump system according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below to enable those skilled in the art to easily implement them. However, these are merely exemplary, and this disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described.

[0034] <Refrigeration oil>

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the refrigeration oil may contain a silane compound of chemical formula 1.

[0036] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0037]

[0038] In the above chemical formula 1, any one or any two of R1 to R4 are independently selected from C1-C5 alkoxy groups, and the rest can be independently C1-C5 alkoxy groups. 14 Alkyl groups.

[0039] Therefore, the aforementioned refrigeration oil can possess enhanced heat transfer performance and high stability. The silane compounds of Formula 1 can reduce the total acid value by inhibiting or preventing side reactions caused by moisture, for example, acting as inhibitors of acid component formation.

[0040] Silane compounds, which are functional groups with three or four alkoxy groups bonded to Si, are prone to self-polymerization, which may lead to the formation of precipitates within the composition or changes in the composition's color. This can result in a decrease in the stability and performance of refrigeration oils.

[0041] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any one or any two of R1 to R4 may be independently selected from methoxy or ethoxy. This further improves the stability of the above-mentioned refrigeration oil under high temperature and high pressure conditions.

[0042] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any one or any two of the remaining ones can be methyl, ethyl or propyl.

[0043] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any one or any two of the remaining terms can be methyl or ethyl.

[0044] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any two of R1 to R4 can be independently selected from C1-C3 alkoxy groups, and the remaining two can be independently selected from C1-C2 straight-chain alkyl groups or C3-C7 branched-chain alkyl groups. The above-mentioned refrigeration oil can effectively reduce the formation of acid components even when used with highly reactive refrigerants such as CF3I. Therefore, its stability under high temperature and high pressure conditions is further improved, and the chemical degradation of the refrigeration oil and its constituent compositions can be suppressed during long-term operation, thereby improving the overall durability and reliability of the system.

[0045] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any one of the remaining elements can be C4-C. 13 Alkyl groups.

[0046] In this specification, alkyl groups can be straight-chain alkyl groups or branched alkyl groups.

[0047] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any one of R1 to R4 can be a C1-C5 alkoxy group, any two can be independently methyl or ethyl, and the remainder can be C1-C5 alkoxy groups. 14 Alkyl groups.

[0048] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any one of R1 to R4 can be a C1-C3 alkoxy group, any two can be independently methyl or ethyl, and the remainder can be C3-C4.14 Alkyl groups. In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any two of R1 to R4 can be independently C1-C5 alkoxy groups, any one of which can be methyl or ethyl, and the remainder can be C1-C5 alkoxy groups. 14 Alkyl groups.

[0049] In one embodiment, in the above chemical formula 1, any two of R1 to R4 can be independently C1-C3 alkoxy groups, any one of which can be methyl or ethyl, and the rest can be C3-C4. 14 Alkyl groups.

[0050] In one embodiment, the silane compound of Formula 1 may comprise diisobutyldimethoxysilane and / or diethoxydimethylsilane.

[0051] In one embodiment, the silane compound of Formula 1 may be diisobutyldimethoxysilane or diethoxydimethylsilane.

[0052] In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the aforementioned refrigeration oil, the refrigeration oil may contain 0.1% to 10% by weight of a silane compound of Formula 1. This prevents or suppresses side reactions caused by moisture present inside systems such as air conditioning systems without reducing the performance of the refrigeration oil. Furthermore, it prevents the deterioration of the refrigeration composition containing the aforementioned refrigeration oil, which can function as a working fluid within the system, thereby ensuring the long-term reliability of the composition.

[0053] The content of the silane compound of chemical formula 1 in the above-mentioned refrigeration oil may be, for example, 0.5% to 9.5% by weight, 1.0% to 7.0% by weight, 1.0% to 5.5% by weight, or 1.5% to 3.5% by weight.

[0054] As a non-limiting example, the above-mentioned silane compounds can be prepared by reaction of Grignard reagents with alkoxyalkylsilanes or by hydroxylation reaction under a metal catalyst, or can be obtained from commercial reagent suppliers, but are not limited thereto.

[0055] In one embodiment, the aforementioned refrigeration oil may further include at least one of engine oil and additives.

[0056] In one embodiment, the refrigeration oil may contain 87% to 99% by weight of the aforementioned oil, based on the total weight of the refrigeration oil. Therefore, the refrigeration oil can effectively form a lubricating film between metal contact surfaces during the reciprocating or rotary motion of the compressor or similar components within the system, thereby reducing friction and wear.

[0057] The content of the aforementioned refrigeration oil in the above-mentioned refrigeration oil may be, for example, 85% to 96% by weight or 88% to 96% by weight.

[0058] In one embodiment, the aforementioned engine oil may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol, polycarbonate, alkylbenzene, polyvinyl ether, polyether, and perfluoropolyether.

[0059] In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the aforementioned refrigeration oil, the refrigeration oil may contain 0.1% to 10% by weight of a silane compound and 87% to 99% by weight of oil, wherein the silane compound is represented by Chemical Formula 1, wherein any two of R1 to R4 are independently C1-C5 alkoxy groups, any one of which is methyl or ethyl, and the remainder are C4-C5 alkoxy groups. 13 Alkyl groups.

[0060] In one embodiment, the refrigeration oil may contain 0.1% to 15% by weight of the additives, based on the total weight of the refrigeration oil.

[0061] The additives mentioned above may include at least one of, for example, stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, acid scavengers, extreme pressure additives, and anti-wear agents.

[0062] The stabilizer may contain at least one of the following: paraffin, naphthene, aromatic hydrocarbon, straight-chain or branched alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted benzene or naphthalene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and dibenzyl toluene.

[0063] The alkyl-substituted naphthalenes mentioned above can be called alkylated naphthalenes and may include, for example, monoalkyl naphthalenes, dialkyl naphthalenes, trialkyl naphthalenes, tetraalkyl naphthalenes, or mixtures thereof.

[0064] In one embodiment, the additive may include at least one of antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, acid scavengers, extreme pressure additives, and anti-wear agents to improve the stability, wear resistance, and heat resistance of refrigeration oils.

[0065] In one embodiment, the antioxidant may include at least one of phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, phosphorus antioxidants, and sulfur antioxidants.

[0066] The antioxidants mentioned above may include, for example: phenolic antioxidants, such as 2,6-dibutylphenol; amine antioxidants, such as aniline, diphenylamine and naphthylamine; phosphorus antioxidants, such as trialkyl phosphites, trialkyl phosphates and trialkylphosphines; sulfur antioxidants, such as pentaerythritol tetra(3-lauryl thiopropionate), dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearate thiodipropionate, and / or triacryl thiodipropionate and dimyristyl thiodipropionate.

[0067] In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor may contain at least one of thiazole, triazole, and thiadiazole compounds.

[0068] In one embodiment, the acid scavenger described above can capture acidic impurities that may be contained in refrigeration oil or refrigeration compositions to improve stability.

[0069] The aforementioned acid scavenger may contain, for example, glycidyl ether compounds, such as triglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether, glycidyl ether, lauryl glycidyl ether, and / or ethylhexyl glycidyl ether.

[0070] In one embodiment, the extreme pressure additive prevents direct contact between metals, thereby reducing friction and wear.

[0071] The aforementioned extreme pressure additives can be extreme pressure additives for organosulfur compounds, extreme pressure additives for thiophosphates, esters, organochlorines, organofluorines, alcohols, and metal compounds. The aforementioned organosulfur compound extreme pressure additives can be monosulfides, polysulfides, sulfoxides, sulfones, thiosulfinates, sulfurized oils, thiocarbonates, thiophenes, thiazoles, methanesulfonates, etc. The aforementioned ester extreme pressure additives can be higher fatty acids, hydroxyaryl fatty acids, polyol esters, acrylates, etc. The aforementioned organochlorine extreme pressure additives can be chlorinated hydrocarbons or chlorinated carboxylic acid derivatives, etc. The aforementioned organofluorine extreme pressure additives can be fluorinated aliphatic carboxylic acids, fluoroethylene resins, fluoroalkyl polysiloxanes, fluorinated graphite, etc. The extreme pressure additives for the aforementioned metal compounds can be naphthenates (lead naphthenate, etc.), fatty acid salts (lead fatty acid salts, etc.), thiophosphates (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, etc.), thiocarbamates, organomolybdenum compounds, organotin compounds, organogermanium compounds, etc.

[0072] In one embodiment, the aforementioned anti-wear agent may comprise a phosphate ester anti-wear agent. The aforementioned phosphate ester anti-wear agent may comprise at least one of, for example, trialkyl phosphates and triaryl phosphates, such as tributyl phosphate, tripentyl phosphate, trihexyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tri(methylphenyl) phosphate, and / or tricresyl phosphate.

[0073] In one embodiment, the refrigeration oil may contain a silane compound of chemical formula 1, the oil itself, the stabilizer, the acid scavenger, and the anti-wear agent.

[0074] As a non-limiting example, the aforementioned refrigeration oil may also contain defoamers, load-bearing additives, chlorine scavengers, detergent-dispersants, viscosity index improvers, oiliness agents, rust inhibitors, pour point depressants, etc. For example, the aforementioned defoamer may be a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylates.

[0075] In one embodiment, for the aforementioned refrigeration oil, after evaluating its high-temperature stability at temperatures ranging from 140°C to 160°C according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method, the total acid number (TAN) measured according to ASTM D664 test method can be below 1 mg KOH / g. ASTM D664 is the ASTM standard used to specify the test method for measuring the acid number of refrigeration oils.

[0076] The total acid value mentioned above can be, for example, below 0.8 mg KOH / g, below 0.7 mg KOH / g, or less than 0.5 mg KOH / g. Therefore, the above-mentioned refrigeration oil can have further enhanced operational stability.

[0077] In one embodiment, for the aforementioned refrigeration oil, after evaluating its high-temperature stability at temperatures ranging from 140°C to 160°C according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method, the color index measured according to ASTM D1500 test method can be less than 1. ASTM D1500 test method is used to measure the color of refrigeration oil and can be referred to as the ASTM Color Scale.

[0078] The color index can be, for example, less than 0.5. Therefore, the aforementioned refrigeration oil can have further enhanced high-temperature stability.

[0079] The high-temperature stability evaluation at temperatures between 140°C and 160°C according to the ASHRAE Standard 97 test method described above can, for example, be carried out in a closed container in the presence of a metal catalyst. The metal catalyst may include, for example, transition metal catalysts and non-metal catalysts. As a non-limiting example, the metal catalyst may include copper (Cu) catalysts, aluminum (Al) catalysts, and iron (Fe) catalysts.

[0080] The aforementioned high-temperature stability evaluation can be conducted, for example, by placing refrigeration oil, refrigerant, and metal catalyst in a sealed container and storing it at a temperature of 140°C to 160°C for approximately 10 to 15 days. In the aforementioned high-temperature stability evaluation, for example, the temperature can be set to 145°C to 155°C, and the duration can be set to 13 to 15 days.

[0081] For example, the refrigerant mentioned above may include CF3I.

[0082] For example, after the high-temperature stability evaluation described above, the sealed container can be cooled at room temperature. The refrigerant can be removed from the mixture of refrigeration oil and refrigerant taken from the sealed container; as a non-limiting example, the refrigerant can be removed by depressurization and / or nitrogen bubbling. For the refrigeration oil after removing the refrigerant, the total acid number can be measured according to ASTM D664 test method, or the color index can be measured according to ASTM D1500 test method.

[0083] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the refrigeration oil can be used in fields such as household and / or industrial refrigerators, cold storage warehouses, refrigeration units, household and / or commercial air conditioners, vehicle air conditioning systems, vapor compression heat pumps, data center and / or server cooling systems, etc.

[0084] <Compositions for Refrigeration>

[0085] A refrigeration composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the above-described refrigeration oil and a refrigerant containing CF3I.

[0086] In one embodiment, the refrigerant may also include refrigerants other than CF3I.

[0087] For example, the above-mentioned refrigerant composition may contain CF3I alone or CF3I together with other types of refrigerants as a refrigerant.

[0088] In one embodiment, the refrigerant other than CF3I may include at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants, and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants.

[0089] The aforementioned hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants may include difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a), trifluoromethyl ether (RE143a), trifluoromethane (R-23), fluoroethane (R-161), and octafluoropropane (R-218). ), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R-236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R-236fa), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245fa), octafluorocyclobutane (RC318), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R-365mfc), etc.

[0090] The aforementioned hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants may include 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (R-1123), 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R1224yd(Z)), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234ze), 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234ye), 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene (R-1243zf), 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a), and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylene (R-1225ye), etc.

[0091] The aforementioned hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants may include difluorochloromethane (R-22), chlorotetrafluoroethane (R-124), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-142b), etc.

[0092] In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the refrigerant, the content of CF3I can be from 0.1% by weight to 100% by weight, for example, it can be more than 10% by weight, more than 20% by weight, more than 30% by weight, more than 40% by weight, more than 50% by weight, or more than 60% by weight.

[0093] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the refrigeration oil and the refrigerant in the above-mentioned refrigeration composition can be from 1:9 to 9:1.

[0094] <Heat Pump>

[0095] A heat pump according to one embodiment of this disclosure may include the aforementioned refrigeration oil. Therefore, the heat pump may have enhanced heat transfer characteristics and high-temperature stability.

[0096] In one embodiment, in at least a portion of the compressor within the aforementioned heat pump, the aforementioned refrigeration oil can circulate in a mixture with the refrigerant.

[0097] The aforementioned heat pump may include a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, with the condenser and evaporator each functioning as a heat exchanger.

[0098] In the compressor described above, the refrigerant can be compressed into a gas at high temperature and high pressure. This refrigerant can then release heat and condense into a liquid state in the condenser. Afterward, the refrigerant can expand to a low temperature and low pressure state through the expansion valve, and then absorb external heat in the evaporator to vaporize into a gaseous state.

[0099] The aforementioned condenser and evaporator can function as heat exchangers that exchange heat using refrigerant as the medium. The refrigerant can repeatedly release or absorb heat while circulating inside the heat pump.

[0100] The aforementioned heat pump can perform cooling or heating functions depending on the operating mode. In cooling mode, it releases indoor heat to the outside, and in heating mode, it transfers outdoor heat to the inside.

[0101] In some embodiments, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump described above can be from 1 to 10. The coefficient of performance (COP) refers to the ratio of effective heat gained to energy input when the heat pump is operating. Therefore, by using the refrigerant described above, a high-efficiency heat pump with a COP in the range of 1 to 10 can be provided.

[0102] The aforementioned heat pumps can be applied to various fields such as residential, commercial, and industrial use, and can be used efficiently within a wide operating temperature range of -20°C to 50°C.

[0103] Figure 1 and Figure 2These are schematic diagrams illustrating the flow of refrigerant for heat exchange in either cooling or heating mode within a heat exchanger according to one embodiment.

[0104] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the diagram, the direction of the arrow indicates the flow of refrigerant.

[0105] See Figure 1 In refrigeration mode, the refrigerant can be compressed by the compressor 60 and bypass the internal condenser 70 and the expansion valve (heating) 22 in sequence. After releasing heat in the external condenser 10, it expands in the expansion valve (cooling) 21 and absorbs heat again through the evaporator 40.

[0106] For example, in cooling mode, the refrigerant gas is compressed, thus increasing its pressure and temperature. This prepares the refrigerant for releasing heat as it moves to the external condenser. Since the system is in cooling mode, the refrigerant bypasses the internal condenser 70 and the expansion valve (heating) 22, allowing the cycle to focus on releasing heat to the outside and absorbing heat from the inside. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant then flows into the external condenser 10 and releases heat into the outside air. This cools the refrigerant, causing it to condense into a liquid state. The liquid refrigerant then expands as it passes through the expansion valve (cooling) 21, causing its pressure and temperature to decrease. This prepares the refrigerant for absorbing heat. The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant flows into the evaporator coil, cooling the space by absorbing heat from the indoor air. The refrigerant then re-evaporates into a gaseous state, completing the cycle.

[0107] See Figure 2 In heating mode, the refrigerant is compressed by compressor 60 and releases heat in internal condenser 70. It expands in expansion valve (heater) 22 and absorbs heat in external condenser 10. It can then further absorb heat through cooler 30.

[0108] For example, in heating mode, the refrigerant is first compressed by compressor 60, increasing its pressure and temperature to prepare for effective heat release. Then, the refrigerant flows into internal condenser 70, where the high-temperature refrigerant transfers energy to the space to be heated, condensing into a liquid while simultaneously heating the space. Subsequently, the refrigerant passes through expansion valve (heating) 22, decreasing its pressure and temperature to prepare for heat absorption. Afterward, the refrigerant flows into external condenser 10, which functions as an evaporator in heating mode, allowing the refrigerant to absorb heat from the outdoor air even in cold conditions. The refrigerant then passes through cooler 30, where it can further absorb heat before returning to compressor 60 to maximize efficiency. Through this cycle, heat is continuously extracted from the external environment and transferred to the interior, with the cooler providing an additional absorption step to improve performance and reliability.

[0109] On the other hand, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system including the heat pump described above may also include valve 20, motor inverter 35, accumulator 50, PTC heater 80 and battery 90, which may be configured to be fluidly or electrically connected to the system components.

[0110] As a non-limiting example, the valve 20 described above is used to selectively switch the flow path of the refrigerant and can be configured to control the flow direction of the refrigerant when switching between cooling and heating modes. The accumulator 50 described above is used to temporarily store refrigerant or perform gas-liquid separation and can be configured to stabilize the state of the refrigerant flowing into the compressor 60.

[0111] Furthermore, the aforementioned motor inverter 35 is a power conversion device for controlling the drive of the compressor 60, and can be configured to adjust the compressor speed and output according to required conditions. The aforementioned PTC heater 80 is an auxiliary heating mechanism for providing additional heating when necessary, and can be configured to improve heating performance. The aforementioned battery 90 is a power supply device that supplies power to the compressor 60, motor inverter 35, and PTC heater 80, and can be electrically connected to the system.

[0112] in this way, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The components shown are organically linked when the heat pump system is running in both cooling and heating modes, which enables the refrigerant heat exchange cycle to be executed stably and efficiently.

[0113] The embodiments of this disclosure will be further described below with reference to specific experimental examples. The embodiments and comparative examples included in the experimental examples are only for illustrating this disclosure and do not limit the scope of the appended claims.

[0114] Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6

[0115] Refrigeration oils according to the examples and comparative examples were prepared by mixing the components listed in Table 1 below in their respective amounts. The specific types of silane compounds contained in each refrigeration oil are shown in Table 2 below.

[0116] Table 1

[0117]

[0118] The specific components listed in Table 1 above are as follows:

[0119] - Engine oil: Polyol ester (POE) (Synastive ES 4068, BASF)

[0120] - Stabilizer: Alkylated naphthalene (Synesstic 5, ExxonMobil)

[0121] - Anti-wear agent: Tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (RC 3661, Lanxess)

[0122] - Acid scavenger: 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether (CAS 2461-15-6)

[0123] Table 2

[0124]

[0125] Experimental Example

[0126] Experimental Example 1: Total Acid Number (TAN)

[0127] For each refrigeration oil prepared according to the above examples and comparative examples, 100 parts by weight of CF3I were mixed as a refrigerant to prepare test compositions for high-temperature stability evaluation according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method. The high-temperature stability evaluation of each test composition was carried out as follows:

[0128] The test composition described above was placed together with copper (Cu) catalyst, aluminum (Al) catalyst, and iron (Fe) catalyst in a container (tube) and sealed. Specifically, high-purity copper, aluminum alloy Al3003, and carbon steel were used as the Cu, Al, and Fe catalysts, respectively. The sealed container was then stored in an environment with the temperature controlled at approximately 150°C, and this high-temperature condition was maintained continuously and uniformly throughout the test. The container was continuously maintained under these constant thermal conditions for approximately 14 days, ensuring that the refrigerant-oil mixture and catalyst were continuously exposed to high temperatures during the stability evaluation period. Afterward, the sealed container was cooled to room temperature, and the test composition was removed from the container.

[0129] CF3I was removed from the test composition by depressurization and nitrogen bubbling. Specifically, CF3I was removed from the test composition by a two-step process including depressurization and nitrogen bubbling. First, volatile CF3I was separated from the refrigeration oil by depressurization. Then, nitrogen was passed through the composition in the form of bubbles to further remove residual CF3I. This process yielded a refined refrigeration oil sample suitable for acid value measurement.

[0130] Subsequently, for the refrigeration oil after CF3I removal, the total acid value was measured using a 686 Titroprocessor (Metrohm) according to ASTM D664.

[0131] The lower the TAN value, the higher the oxidative stability of the refrigeration oil.

[0132] The results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0133] Experimental Example 2: ASTM Color Index

[0134] For each refrigeration oil prepared according to the above examples and comparative examples, high-temperature stability evaluation according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method was carried out according to the same method and conditions as in Experimental Example 1.

[0135] Then, the sealed container was cooled at room temperature, and the test composition was removed from the container.

[0136] CF3I was removed from the test composition by depressurization and nitrogen bubbling. Specifically, CF3I was removed from the test composition by a two-step process including depressurization and nitrogen bubbling. First, volatile CF3I was separated from the refrigeration oil by depressurization. Then, nitrogen gas was passed through the composition in the form of bubbles to further remove residual CF3I. Through these steps, a suitable solution was obtained. ASTM Color Index The measured sample of refined refrigeration oil.

[0137] Subsequently, the color index of the refrigeration oil after CF3I removal was evaluated using a LICO 500 spectrochromometer (HACH LANGE) according to ASTM D1500.

[0138] Specifically, each type of refrigeration oil is placed in a test tube and compared with a standard colored glass. The number of the standard color that matches the most accurate color is recorded. If the color does not accurately match the standard value, the number of the darker side is selected.

[0139] The ASTM Color Index has standard color numbers ranging from 0.5 to 8.0. The smaller the color variation, the higher the chemical stability of the refrigeration oil.

[0140] The results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0141] Table 3

[0142]

[0143] Referring to Table 3, after evaluation of high-temperature stability according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method, the refrigeration oil according to the examples has a lower total acid value and ASTM color index compared to the refrigeration oil according to the comparative examples.

[0144] As shown in the comparative examples, the silane compounds have three or more alkoxy groups bonded to the Si, or have no alkoxy groups or C1-C groups bonded to them. 14 When alkyl groups or aminoalkyl groups are involved, precipitation or discoloration occurs after high-temperature stability evaluation according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method.

[0145] These experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the oil in the comparative example, the refrigeration oil in the embodiment exhibits improved high-temperature stability, thereby reducing the formation of acidic decomposition products and better maintaining its appearance and chemical quality.

Claims

1. A refrigeration oil, comprising: The following silane compounds of chemical formula 1, [Chemical Formula 1] In the chemical formula 1, any one or any two of R1 to R4 are independently selected from C1-C5 alkoxy groups, and the remainder are independently C1-C5 alkoxy groups. 14 Alkyl groups.

2. The refrigeration oil according to claim 1, wherein, In the chemical formula 1, any one or any two of R1 to R4 are independently selected from methoxy or ethoxy.

3. The refrigeration oil according to claim 1, wherein, In the chemical formula 1, any one or any two of the remainders are methyl, ethyl or propyl.

4. The refrigeration oil according to claim 1, wherein, In the chemical formula 1, any two of R1 to R4 are independently selected from C1-C3 alkoxy groups, and the remaining two are independently selected from C1-C2 straight-chain alkyl groups or C3-C7 branched-chain alkyl groups.

5. The refrigeration oil according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the total weight of the refrigeration oil, it contains 0.1% to 10% by weight of the silane compound of Formula 1.

6. The refrigeration oil according to claim 1, wherein, It also contains at least one of the following: engine oil and additives.

7. The refrigeration oil according to claim 6, wherein, Based on the total weight of the refrigeration oil, it contains 87% to 99% by weight of the oil.

8. The refrigeration oil according to claim 6, wherein, The engine oil contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol, polycarbonate, alkylbenzene, polyvinyl ether, polyether, and perfluoropolyether.

9. The refrigeration oil according to claim 6, wherein, The additives include at least one of stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, acid scavengers, extreme pressure additives, and anti-wear agents.

10. The refrigeration oil according to claim 9, wherein, It comprises a silane compound of chemical formula 1, the engine oil, the stabilizer, the acid scavenger, and the anti-wear agent.

11. The refrigeration oil according to claim 1, wherein, After evaluating the high-temperature stability at temperatures between 140°C and 160°C according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method, the total acid number (TAN) measured according to ASTM D664 test method is less than 1 mg KOH / g.

12. The refrigeration oil according to claim 1, wherein, After evaluating the high-temperature stability at temperatures ranging from 140°C to 160°C according to ASHRAE Standard 97 test method, the color index measured according to ASTM D1500 test method is below 1.

13. A composition for a refrigeration unit, comprising: The refrigeration oil according to any one of claims 1 to 12; and Refrigerant containing CF3I.

14. The composition for a refrigeration unit according to claim 13, wherein, The refrigerant also includes refrigerants other than CF3I.

15. A heat pump comprising the refrigeration oil according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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