Ion type rare earth subarea control flow and dynamic liquid adjusting exploitation method and device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of rare earth mining, and more particularly to a method and device for ion-type rare earth subarea flow control and dynamic liquid adjustment mining. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining detection statistical information of a target mining area; performing regional division based on the detection statistical information to obtain a division result; performing adaptive subarea layout based on the division result to construct a subarea well pattern structure; collecting and testing ore samples of different subareas of the target mining area to determine initial leaching liquid parameters and baseline operating parameters; performing subarea flow control and liquid injection processing on the subarea well pattern structure based on the initial leaching liquid parameters and the baseline operating parameters, and performing dynamic leaching characteristic analysis to obtain leaching characteristics of different subareas; and performing subarea leaching state recognition, dynamic liquid adjustment and flow adjustment processing based on the leaching characteristics. The present application realizes fine mining of ion-type rare earth mining areas, improves ion-type rare earth recovery rate, and optimizes mining area resource utilization and operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rare earth mining, and in particular to a method and apparatus for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy, electronic information, and high-end manufacturing in my country, the southern ionic rare earth deposits contain a large amount of medium and heavy rare earth elements, possessing high strategic value. Ionic rare earths are mostly distributed in granites with varying degrees of weathering, characterized by abundant reserves and uniform occurrence, thus becoming an important target for rare earth mining both domestically and internationally. The mining process of ionic rare earths is characterized by strong dependence on water resources, complex ore body distribution, and significant differences in ore body thickness and grade. Traditional integrated leaching mining methods face numerous limitations in terms of efficiency, resource utilization, and environmental protection. Under traditional mining models, due to the lack of effective control over the flow of liquid in the mining area, the leaching solution is prone to non-uniform penetration, cross-flow, or the existence of leaching blind zones, resulting in low rare earth leaching rates and increased leaching solution consumption and tailings treatment pressure. The differences in permeability, ore body properties, and geological conditions among different zones within the ore body make it difficult to balance the mining efficiency of each area with uniform leaching parameters, easily leading to resource waste and exacerbating environmental impact. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a method and apparatus for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earth elements, thereby resolving at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earth elements, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the detection statistics of the target mining area; divide the area according to the detection statistics to obtain the partitioning results; Step S2: Based on the partitioning results, perform adaptive partitioning and construct a partitioned well network structure; Step S3: Collect and test mineral samples from different zones of the target mining area to determine the initial leaching solution parameters and baseline operating parameters; Step S4: Based on the initial leaching fluid parameters and the baseline operating parameters, perform zoned flow control injection treatment on the zoned well network structure, and conduct dynamic leaching characteristic analysis to obtain the leaching characteristics of different zones; Step S5: Based on the leaching characteristics, identify the leaching state of each zone and perform dynamic liquid adjustment and flow rate adjustment. Step S6: Set the termination condition for the zone operation; when a zone is detected to meet any zone operation termination condition, the operation is determined to be completed, and the corresponding zone injection is stopped.

[0005] This specification provides an ion-type rare earth zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining apparatus for performing the ion-type rare earth zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining method described above, comprising: The partitioning module is used to acquire detection statistics of the target mining area; and to partition the area based on the detection statistics to obtain the partitioning results. The deployment module is used to perform adaptive partition deployment based on the partitioning results and construct the partitioned well network structure. The parameter setting module is used to collect and test mineral samples from different zones of the target mining area to determine the initial leaching solution parameters and baseline operating parameters. The controlled-flow injection module is used to perform zoned controlled-flow injection treatment on the zoned well network structure based on the initial leaching fluid parameters and the benchmark operating parameters, and to perform dynamic leaching characteristic analysis to obtain the leaching characteristics of different zones. The dynamic liquid adjustment module is used to identify the leaching state of each zone based on the leaching characteristics, and to perform dynamic liquid adjustment and flow rate adjustment processing. The termination module is used to set the termination conditions for a zone operation; when a zone is detected to meet any zone operation termination condition, the operation is determined to be completed, and the corresponding zone injection is stopped.

[0006] The specific benefits of this invention are as follows: Obtaining the spatial distribution characteristics of the mining area through various mineral deposit exploration methods (such as drilling, geophysical logging, and geochemical analysis) helps to accurately delineate the ore body range. Zoning results can divide the mining area into regions with different reserves, grades, and permeability characteristics, providing a basis for subsequent flow control and fluid adjustment. Scientific zoning can reduce the waste of leaching fluid in low-grade or high-permeability areas, improving injection efficiency and resource recovery rate. Adaptive well network layout based on zoning results ensures that each zone's well network covers its corresponding ore body range, achieving targeted flow control. A rational well network layout can reduce the number of unnecessary injection wells, lowering drilling and construction costs. The zoning well network structure facilitates independent adjustment of injection volume and flow direction for different zones, improving the flexibility of the mining process. Indoor column leaching tests determine parameters such as leaching fluid concentration, pH value, and injection rate, providing a reliable basis for actual field injection. Indoor column leaching test data can predict on-site leaching conditions, improve the initial injection success rate, and reduce leaching fluid waste. Different zones may exhibit variations in permeability and mineral composition, allowing for fine-tuning of initial parameter settings to suit the specific conditions of each zone. Zoned injection of leaching solution controls the flow direction of the leaching solution within the ore layer, preventing it from overflowing or deviating from its designated boundaries, thus improving rare earth leaching efficiency. Dynamic analysis of leaching characteristics (such as leaching rate, concentration changes, and mother liquor recovery rate) can promptly identify abnormal flow or inefficient areas. By identifying and adjusting the characteristics of different zones, optimal leaching performance can be ensured for each zone, maximizing rare earth recovery. Dynamic adjustment of the leaching ratio and flow rate based on the leaching status enables "on-demand leaching," preventing over- or under-injection. Through refined injection control, leaching solution and water consumption are reduced, increasing yield and recovery efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of the ion-type rare earth zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a detailed flowchart illustrating the implementation steps of step S1. Figure 3 A process flow diagram for the zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining method of ion-type rare earths; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of injection wells, collection tunnels, and monitoring wells in this plan; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the partitioned flow control scheme. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the partition status identification in this scheme; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic liquid adjustment and flow rate adjustment strategy of this scheme; Figure 8 An artist's rendering of an unoptimized ion-adsorption rare earth in-situ mining site; Figure 9This is a rendering of an optimized ion-type rare earth in-situ mining site. Detailed Implementation

[0008] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0009] This application provides a method and apparatus for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earth elements. The execution entities of the method and apparatus include, but are not limited to, mechanical equipment, data processing platforms, cloud server nodes, and network upload devices mounted on the system, which can be considered as general computing nodes in this application. The data processing platform includes, but is not limited to, at least one of an audio / image management system, an information management system, and a cloud-based data management system.

[0010] Please see Figures 1 to 9 This invention provides a method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earth elements, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the detection statistics of the target mining area; divide the area according to the detection statistics to obtain the partitioning results; Step S2: Based on the partitioning results, perform adaptive partitioning and construct a partitioned well network structure; Step S3: Collect and test mineral samples from different zones of the target mining area to determine the initial leaching solution parameters and baseline operating parameters; Step S4: Based on the initial leaching fluid parameters and the baseline operating parameters, perform zoned flow control injection treatment on the zoned well network structure, and conduct dynamic leaching characteristic analysis to obtain the leaching characteristics of different zones; Step S5: Based on the leaching characteristics, identify the leaching state of each zone and perform dynamic liquid adjustment and flow rate adjustment. Step S6: Set the termination condition for the zone operation; when a zone is detected to meet any zone operation termination condition, the operation is determined to be completed, and the corresponding zone injection is stopped.

[0011] In one specific embodiment, an in-situ leaching mining area of ​​an ion-adsorption rare earth ore deposit was selected as the implementation area. The terrain of this area is generally sloping, the ore body is relatively shallow, and the weathering crust thickness is relatively stable, but the permeability varies significantly at different locations. Based on the results of previous drilling, sampling, and testing, the area was divided into three primary flow control zones: a high-permeability zone, a medium-permeability zone, and a low-permeability zone.

[0012] Injection wells, collection tunnels, and monitoring wells are set up in each zone, with the injection wells arranged in a rectangular well network.

[0013] Specifically: the spacing between injection wells in the high-permeability zone is set to 5 m; the spacing between injection wells in the medium-permeability zone is set to 4 m; and the spacing between injection wells in the low-permeability zone is set to 3 m.

[0014] Each zone is equipped with an independent flow regulating valve and metering device to enable independent liquid injection control for each zone.

[0015] The leaching solution is prepared using an ammonium salt leaching agent, and the initial concentration of the leaching solution is set to 1.5% to 3.0%, preferably 2.0%.

[0016] The initial injection intensities for different zones are set as follows: High permeability zone: 0.08–0.12 m 3 / h·well, preferably 0.10 m 3 / h·well; Medium infiltration zone: 0.10–0.16 m 3 / h·well, preferably 0.12 m 3 / h·well; Low-permeability zone: 0.12–0.20 m 3 / h·well, preferably 0.15 m 3 / h·well.

[0017] The injection method adopts an intermittent injection method of "continuous injection for 4 to 8 hours, followed by a 2 to 6 hour pause", with the preferred method being continuous injection for 6 hours and a 4-hour pause.

[0018] During the leaching process, the following parameters for each zone are monitored and statistically analyzed every 12 or 24 hours: zone injection volume, zone recovery volume, zone injection-production ratio, monitoring well liquid level change, mother liquor rare earth concentration, and leaching agent concentration change in the mother liquor.

[0019] A zone is designated as a priority flow zone when any of the following conditions occur: the volume of liquid collected per unit time is significantly higher than that of adjacent zones; the liquid level response time of the monitoring well is shorter than the preset threshold; or the mother liquid concentration rises rapidly in advance and then falls rapidly.

[0020] When a certain zone exhibits slow liquid outflow, slow liquid level rise, and delayed liquid return, it is determined to be an insufficiently wetted zone.

[0021] After one monitoring cycle, premature return of fluid and localized short-circuiting were found in the high-permeability zone. Therefore, the injection flow rate in the high-permeability zone was reduced by 10% to 40%, preferably by 20%. Simultaneously, the remaining flow rate was proportionally allocated to the low-permeability and intermediate-permeability zones, specifically as follows: For low-permeability areas, the injection flow rate is increased by 5% to 30%, preferably by 15%; and the leachate concentration is adjusted from 2.0% to 2.2% to 2.8%, preferably 2.5%, to enhance the exchange driving force. The original flow rate in the intermediate infiltration zone is maintained, with only minor adjustments made based on changes in mother liquor concentration, and the adjustment range is controlled within ±10%.

[0022] When the rare earth concentration in the mother liquor of any zone decreases for 2 to 5 consecutive monitoring cycles, and the rare earth recovery per unit injection volume decreases to 40% to 70% of the peak value, the final stage of cleaning up the leaching process begins. At this time, the total injection volume of that zone is reduced by 20% to 60%, and the concentration of the leachate is adjusted to 1.0% to 2.0%, preferably 1.5%, to reduce the consumption of ineffective leachate.

[0023] Furthermore, in another embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, the mining area is not only divided into three primary zones—high-permeability zone, medium-permeability zone, and low-permeability zone—but each primary zone is further divided into several secondary control units. Each secondary control unit corresponds to 1-2 injection wells and at least 1 monitoring point.

[0024] Each primary zone adopts a baseline injection regime similar to that of Example 1, but each secondary control unit is allowed to fluctuate above or below the baseline value of the primary zone: The flow rate fluctuation range is ±5% to 30%; For example, in a low-permeability primary zoning: Hypotonic Unit A: Injection flow rate 0.16 m³ / s 3 / h·well, concentration 2.4%; Hypotonic Unit B: Injection flow rate 0.14 m³ / s 3 / h·well, concentration 2.2%; Hypopermeable Unit C: Injection flow rate 0.18 m³ / s 3 / h·well, concentration 2.6%.

[0025] If a secondary control unit experiences premature liquid discharge within two consecutive monitoring cycles, the flow rate of that secondary unit will be limited, without reducing the overall injection intensity of the primary zone to which it belongs. If the liquid level of a secondary control unit does not show a significant response within two consecutive monitoring cycles, the flow rate of that unit will be increased or the injection method will be changed to pulse injection.

[0026] The pulse injection parameters can be set as follows: injection for 1–3 hours, followed by a 1–3 hour pause; or high-flow-rate injection for a short period followed by a low-flow-rate maintenance. A pulse mode of 2 hours injection followed by a 2-hour pause is preferred.

[0027] In another embodiment, the primary focus during the initial stage of in-situ leaching is to establish a uniform wetting field. The concentration of the leachate in this stage is set to 1.0%–2.0%, preferably 1.5%; the injection flow rate is set to 50%–80% of the designed peak flow rate, preferably 70%.

[0028] By using lower concentrations and slower flow rates, different zones can be liquid-received as synchronously as possible, reducing the risk of forming localized rapid channels in the initial stage.

[0029] Main exchange phase: After most monitoring wells have achieved a continuous fluid level response and each zone has begun stable fluid return, the main exchange phase begins. During this phase, the leachate concentration is increased to 1.8%–3.5%, preferably 2.2%–2.8%; the injection flow rate is increased to 80%–110% of the design peak flow rate, preferably 100%.

[0030] For normal exchange areas, maintain a stable flow strategy; for short-flow areas, limit flow by 10% to 35%; for insufficiently infiltrated areas, increase flow by 10% to 25%.

[0031] Final stage: When the rare earth concentration of the mother liquor in each zone enters the peak decline stage, the final stage begins. During this stage, the concentration of the leachate is adjusted to 0.8%–2.0%, preferably 1.2%–1.6%; the total injection volume is reduced by 20%–70%, preferably 40%.

[0032] Continue to maintain low-intensity injection in the high-efficiency residual zone; gradually stop injection in areas that are close to the recovery endpoint, retaining only the return liquid.

[0033] The mining area was divided into four zones: A, B, C, and D. The initial injection volume for each zone accounted for 25% of the total injection volume, respectively: Zone A 25%, Zone B 25%, Zone C 25%, and Zone D 25%.

[0034] After two monitoring cycles, it was found that: the return of liquid in zone A was significantly earlier, which was identified as a short-flow tendency zone; zone B operated smoothly; the liquid level response in zone C was weak, which was identified as an insufficient wetting zone; and zone D was in the normal exchange zone.

[0035] Adjust the injection ratio in zone A from 25% to 15%–20%, preferably 18%; allocate 50%–80% of the surplus flow to zone C, allocate the remainder to zone D, and keep zone B unchanged.

[0036] The adjusted traffic distribution for each zone is as follows: Zone A 18%, Zone B 25%, Zone C 34%, Zone D 23%.

[0037] In this embodiment, see Figure 2 The diagram below illustrates the detailed implementation steps of step S1. In this embodiment, the detailed implementation steps of step S1 include: Obtain exploration statistics for the target mining area; Multiple partitioning rules are set; the partitioning rules are selected, the detection statistics are determined according to the rules, and the regions are divided to obtain the partitioning results.

[0038] In this embodiment, the exploration and statistical information of the ore body is obtained through geological exploration, drilling, and geophysical measurement. This includes, but is not limited to: ore body depth, thickness, grade distribution, and boundary range; weathered layer thickness, clay mineral characteristics, and ore body occurrence state; topographic slope, surface runoff conditions, and groundwater conditions; permeability coefficient, water content, pore characteristics, and fracture development in each area; and the location, spacing, and elevation relationship of injection wells, collection tunnels, and monitoring wells. This information can be obtained through borehole sampling combined with geological mapping, with the spacing between each borehole generally set at 10-20 meters to ensure sufficiently fine spatial resolution. The ore body boundary range is determined by combining borehole and surface measurement data, and simultaneously verified using satellite remote sensing imagery or UAV aerial photography data. The weathered layer thickness and ore body occurrence state are obtained through borehole core analysis and on-site rock physical testing. Clay mineral characteristics can be obtained through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and specific surface area determination. In the experiment, the sample particle size can be set below 200 mesh to determine the ore's ion exchange capacity and estimate its leaching potential. Topographic slope is measured using high-precision GPS or total station. Surface runoff and groundwater conditions are measured through surface water flow measurement, groundwater level monitoring well observation, and flow meter determination. For permeability parameters, the permeability coefficient (unit: m / d), water content (%), porosity (%), and fracture development status of each zone need to be measured. The permeability coefficient can be determined using inter-well pump testing or the head decay method, with a typical range of 0.5~5.0 m / d; water content can be obtained through drying; pore characteristics are determined through pore distribution measurement and thin-section analysis. The location and elevation relationship of injection wells, collection tunnels, and monitoring wells are obtained through a combination of design drawings and on-site verification, ensuring data accuracy to ±0.2 meters. The historical liquid production capacity and return characteristics of the test area are obtained through statistical analysis of historical injection data, including the liquid recovery volume corresponding to the unit injection volume, injection-production ratio, and liquid level response rate. The monitoring cycle is typically set to 24~48 hours to facilitate analysis of short-flow or stagnant flow trends. It is expected that the main seepage channels can be predicted through numerical simulation combined with experimental data, and a preliminary distribution map of seepage-sensitive areas in the ore body can be formed.

[0039] The zoning rules are divided into three categories: geological zoning rules, seepage zoning rules, and injection-production response zoning rules. Geological zoning rules primarily consider the differences in ore body grade and occurrence state; high-grade areas can be designated as key zones, while low-grade or high-water-content areas can be designated as auxiliary zones. Seepage zoning rules, based on measured permeability coefficients and pore characteristics, define high-permeability, medium-permeability, and low-permeability areas as different zones to facilitate subsequent flow restriction or replenishment measures. Injection-production response zoning rules, based on historical injection test data, such as the rate of liquid level change per unit injection volume, the amount of liquid recovered, and the response of rare earth element concentration in the mother liquor, designate areas with rapid liquid outflow and early liquid level recovery as priority flow zones, and areas with slow liquid outflow and delayed liquid return as insufficient wetting zones. In practical operation, each type of zoning rule needs to be combined with quantitative indicators. For example, a high-permeability zone is defined as an area with a permeability coefficient greater than 3 m / d and a liquid level response time less than 12 hours; a low-permeability zone is defined as an area with a permeability coefficient less than 1 m / d and a liquid level response time greater than 36 hours. In the grade difference rule, areas with rare earth oxide (REO) content greater than 0.15% can be designated as high-grade zones, and those less than 0.05% as low-grade zones. For the injection-production response rule, thresholds can be set based on the injection-production ratio data, prioritizing injection-production ratios >1.2 in the flow zone and <0.8 in the stagnant zone.

[0040] Based on the collected survey statistics and established zoning rules, the mining area is gridded to initially delineate the boundaries of the first-level zones. The grid size can be determined according to the ore body thickness and well spacing, generally within the range of 2-5 meters × 2-5 meters, to ensure a reasonable arrangement of injection wells and collection tunnels within each first-level zone. Then, the first-level zones are further divided into second-level zones, which can further refine the injection control and monitoring units. Each second-level zone covers 1-2 injection wells and corresponding collection boreholes, ensuring that the liquid level and return liquid monitoring data accurately correspond to the injection situation of a single well. During the division process, quantitative indicators are used to adjust the zone boundaries. At the boundary between high and low permeability, the zone boundary position is determined through permeability coefficient gradient analysis to ensure a smooth boundary transition; for adjacent intervals of high and low grades, the boundary line is determined by the ore grade change rate (ΔREO / m), and when the change rate is greater than 0.03% / m, it is set as the first-level zone boundary. Slopes with a topographic elevation difference exceeding 5 meters can be divided into independent zones to allow for different injection pressure and flow control strategies. After the zoning is completed, each primary zone is assigned a unique number, and a zone attribute table is established to record zone area, average thickness, grade, permeability coefficient, porosity, liquid level response rate, and historical effluent characteristics. A corresponding table is also established for secondary zones for refined control and dynamic feedback adjustments. The final zoning results ensure the homogeneity of each zone within the ore body and facilitate subsequent zoned flow control, dynamic liquid regulation, and coordinated optimization.

[0041] In this embodiment, the adaptive partitioning is specifically as follows: Injection wells, collection boreholes, collection tunnels, and monitoring wells are deployed in each zone. Based on the permeability coefficients of each region, permeability analysis of adjacent zones is performed to obtain the permeability of different zone boundaries; Based on the aforementioned dynamic adjustment of the injection well spacing according to permeability; specifically: increasing the well spacing at the boundary of high-permeability zones and reducing the injection intensity; Reduce the well spacing at the boundaries of low-permeability zones and increase the frequency of local injections; Each zone is equipped with an independent flow regulation device; Establish the injection-production correspondence between injection wells and collection tunnels in each zone.

[0042] Based on the injection-production correspondence, a zoned well network structure is constructed.

[0043] In this embodiment, the required number of injection wells is calculated based on the area, thickness, and grade distribution of each primary and secondary zone. Generally, 3-6 injection wells are deployed in each primary zone to ensure the liquid covers the entire thickness of the ore body and forms a uniform wetting field; 1-2 injection wells can be deployed in each secondary zone to ensure precise control of each well. Collection tunnels are located downstream of the injection wells and in low-lying areas to collect the mother liquor. Their spacing and depth need to be determined based on the ore body's permeability coefficient and liquid level response characteristics, typically controlled at a spacing of 10-20 meters, with a depth flush with or slightly lower than the bottom of the ore body by 1-2 meters to ensure smooth collection of the mother liquor. Monitoring wells are mainly deployed between the injection wells and collection tunnels, with a spacing of generally 15-25 meters and a depth slightly higher than the bottom of the ore body, to monitor liquid level, solution seepage, and rare earth concentration changes. Through on-site measurement and GPS positioning, the well location accuracy is ensured to be within ±0.2 meters. During the deployment process, Geological Information System (GIS) and 3D modeling technology were used to import data on zone boundaries, ore body topography, stratum thickness, permeability coefficient, and historical liquid level response into the model to determine the optimal well location layout. Simultaneously, the liquid seepage path was simulated, and hydraulic simulation software was used to predict the injection coverage and return liquid collection effect, ensuring that the layout of injection wells and collection tunnels could achieve uniform ore body wetting.

[0044] To optimize the well network layout, it is necessary to analyze the permeability characteristics of each zone boundary. Specifically, this involves comparing and performing gradient analysis on the permeability coefficient data of adjacent zones to determine the boundary permeability. High-permeability zones typically have a permeability coefficient greater than 3 m / d, medium-permeability zones have a coefficient of 1.5–3 m / d, and low-permeability zones have a coefficient less than 1.5 m / d. By calculating the permeability coefficient difference (ΔK) between adjacent zones, a significant permeability difference is considered to exist when ΔK > 1.0 m / d, requiring adjustments to the well spacing and injection intensity. In experiments, tracer fluid (such as NaCl solution) can be injected into test wells, and changes in the conductivity of the monitoring wells can be monitored to assess the seepage velocity and distribution of the fluid at the boundary, further verifying the boundary permeability characteristics.

[0045] Based on the permeability analysis results of the zoning boundaries, the spacing between injection wells and the injection intensity are adjusted to control fluid flow. High-permeability boundaries: Short-circuiting and deflection of fluid are prone to occur at adjacent high-permeability zoning boundaries. Therefore, the well spacing needs to be increased, for example, from 3 meters to 3-5 meters, and the single-well injection flow rate reduced from 1.5 m³ / h to 0.8-1.0 m³ / h. By reducing the flow rate and increasing the spacing, the residence time of the fluid within the ore body can be prolonged, increasing the contact opportunity between the ore body and the leaching fluid. Low-permeability boundaries: Fluid penetration is difficult at adjacent low-permeability zoning boundaries. Therefore, the well spacing needs to be reduced, for example, from 3 meters to 1-2 meters. Simultaneously, the local injection frequency should be increased. Each well can adopt intermittent or pulsed injection modes, with each cycle of injection lasting 10-15 minutes followed by a 5-10 minute pause to enhance fluid permeability. If necessary, auxiliary replenishment wells can be added to gradually form effective seepage channels.

[0046] To achieve zoned flow control, each injection well in each zone is equipped with an independent flow regulation device, including a valve control unit and a metering pump. The valve regulation accuracy is typically ±0.05 m³ / h, and the pump can achieve a continuously adjustable flow rate range of 0.1~2 m³ / h. Real-time adjustment of the injection flow rate in each zone can be achieved through a remote control system or manual operation on-site, and a rapid response can be made based on monitoring data, improving the accuracy of flow field control.

[0047] After the injection wells and collection tunnels are laid out, it is necessary to establish the injection-production correspondence, that is, to clearly define the collection tunnel and monitoring well corresponding to each injection well, so as to monitor the liquid collection volume and liquid level changes in different zones. Specifically, for each injection well, the most likely return liquid collection point is traced along the liquid flow direction, and the corresponding collection tunnel number is determined. The injection wells, monitoring wells, and collection tunnels are then connected in a three-dimensional orebody model to form a zoned well network structure diagram. The injection-production correspondence is verified through liquid tracer experiments, such as injecting tracer salt solution into the injection wells and monitoring the conductivity changes in the collection tunnels and monitoring wells to confirm the liquid flow path and return liquid distribution.

[0048] In this embodiment, step S3 includes the following steps: Mineral samples were collected and tested in different zones of the target mining area, and the test results of mineral samples from multiple zones were obtained. Based on the test results of the mineral samples, the type and concentration of the leaching solution were determined, and the initial leaching solution parameters for different zones were obtained. Based on the zoning results, differential settings are made to obtain the baseline operating parameters for different zoning areas; the baseline operating parameters include single-well injection flow rate, injection intensity per unit area, injection cycle, injection-stop alternation duration, and upper limit of total injection volume for each zoning area.

[0049] In this embodiment, based on the primary and secondary zoning results, several sampling points are first arranged within each zoning zone. The number of sampling points is related to the zone area and ore body thickness. Generally, 3-5 sampling points are set for each primary zoning zone and 1-2 sampling points are set for each secondary zoning zone to ensure that the ore samples can represent the physicochemical characteristics within the zone. Ore samples are collected using a combination of core drilling and shallow excavation. The core diameter is generally 50-75 mm, and the length covers 10-15% of the ore body thickness. After collection, the ore samples are numbered and sealed to prevent weathering or moisture evaporation. Ore sample tests include static ion exchange experiments, column leaching experiments, and small-scale leaching simulations. Static experiments are used to determine the ore ion exchange capacity, optimal leaching solution concentration, and ion exchange kinetic parameters. Each ore sample uses 50 grams of sample crushed to below 200 mesh. A 24-hour equilibrium experiment is conducted in leaching solutions of different concentrations to determine the rare earth leaching rate and changes in mother liquor concentration. Column leaching experiments are used to simulate the migration and leaching process of liquids within the ore body. The column height is generally set to 0.5–1 meter, the diameter to 10–15 centimeters, and the injection flow rate can be set to a proportional flow rate of 0.5–2 m³ / h. Injection can be continuous or intermittent, and the permeability and liquid propulsion efficiency of the zones are evaluated by monitoring changes in the effluent concentration, liquid level, and injection-production ratio. Small-scale leaching simulation experiments can be conducted by setting up a simulated well network in the test area, and the static and column leaching results can be verified through actual injection and return monitoring.

[0050] The type of leaching solution, such as ammonium salt, magnesium salt, or composite salt systems, is selected based on the rare earth leaching rate of different leaching solution systems observed in static experiments. In the experiment, the ammonium salt concentration can be set at 0.5–2.0 mol / L, the magnesium salt concentration at 0.2–1.0 mol / L, and the proportion of the composite salt system is determined based on experimental results. By comparing the effects of each solution system on the rare earth leaching rate, mother liquor recovery rate, and pH changes, a system with high leaching efficiency, excellent reagent utilization, and minimal environmental impact is selected. Based on the liquid flow and effluent concentration data from the column leaching experiment, the initial leaching solution concentration for each zone is determined. Lower concentrations of leaching solution (e.g., 0.8–1.0 mol / L ammonium salt) can be used in high-permeability zones to prevent short-circuiting and reagent waste; medium or slightly higher concentrations (e.g., 1.2–1.5 mol / L) can be used in low-permeability zones to enhance ion exchange driving force. For transition or mixed permeation zones, a moderate concentration (e.g., 1.0–1.2 mol / L) is used to ensure uniform liquid permeation while reducing excessive local reagent consumption. After determining the leaching solution parameters, an initial leaching solution file for each zone is established, recording the liquid type, concentration, injection method, and corresponding experimental data to provide a basis for dynamic liquid adjustment and subsequent injection optimization.

[0051] After determining the initial leaching fluid, baseline operating parameters need to be set for each zone to ensure that the injection operation is targeted and differentiated. Single-well injection flow rate setting: Based on the results of column leaching experiments and simulated well network tests, combined with the zone permeability coefficient, the initial injection flow rate for each well is determined.

[0052] High permeability zone: 0.08–0.12 m 3 / h·well, preferably 0.10 m 3 / h·well; Medium infiltration zone: 0.10–0.16 m 3 / h·well, preferably 0.12 m 3 / h·well; Low-permeability zone: 0.12–0.20 m 3 / h·well, preferably 0.15 m 3 / h·well.

[0053] Injection intensity per unit area: The injection intensity per unit area is calculated based on the area of ​​each zone and the flow rate of a single well to ensure uniform fluid propagation within the ore body. The injection intensity per unit area is generally controlled at 0.02~0.05 m³ / h·m², with lower intensity in high-permeability areas and higher intensity in low-permeability areas to ensure uniform fluid coverage.

[0054] Injection cycle and injection-stop alternation duration: Based on the liquid level response rate of the column immersion test, each well adopts an injection-stop alternation injection method. In high-permeability areas, the injection cycle is longer and the injection-stop cycle is also longer (e.g., 15 minutes of injection and 10 minutes of injection-stop); in low-permeability areas, short-cycle, high-frequency injection is used (e.g., 10 minutes of injection and 5 minutes of injection-stop) to improve infiltration efficiency.

[0055] Maximum injection volume for each zone: Calculate the maximum injection volume for each zone based on the mineable thickness, porosity, and rare earth content. For example, the total injection volume for high-permeability zones can be set at 100~120 m³ / stage, and for low-permeability zones at 150~180 m³ / stage, ensuring that the liquid is neither excessively lost nor causes stagnation.

[0056] In this embodiment, step S4 includes the following steps: Based on the initial leaching fluid parameters and the baseline operating parameters, the zoned well network structure is subjected to zoned flow control injection treatment, and continuous periodic monitoring is performed based on the monitoring wells to obtain a set of leaching monitoring parameters; The leaching monitoring parameter set includes the total injection volume of the zone and the injection flow rate of a single well; the injection rate of the zone and the injection increment per unit time; the injection pressure change; the liquid level of the monitoring well and the rate of liquid level change; the liquid output of the collection tunnel; the rare earth ion concentration in the mother liquor; the concentration of the leaching agent, pH value, conductivity or other characterization parameters in the mother liquor; the recovery rate of the zone; the change in the injection-production ratio; and the concentration decay trend within the leaching cycle of the zone. Dynamic leaching feature analysis was performed based on the leaching monitoring parameter set to obtain the leaching features of different zones.

[0057] The zoned flow control injection process also includes: setting a phased dynamic liquid adjustment strategy; the phased dynamic liquid adjustment includes a pre-wetting stage, a main exchange stage, and a final cleanup stage.

[0058] In this embodiment, after determining the initial leaching fluid parameters (liquid type, concentration) and baseline operating parameters (single-well injection flow rate, injection intensity per unit area, injection cycle, injection-stop alternation duration, and upper limit of total injection volume for each zone), zone-controlled flow injection operations are implemented. Specifically, based on the zoned well network structure, independent injection control is applied to the injection wells in each primary and secondary zone. In high-permeability zones, injection wells adopt a low-flow, long-cycle injection-stop mode (e.g., single-well flow rate 0.8~1.0 m³ / h, injection for 15 minutes, stop for 10 minutes), while low-permeability zones adopt a high-flow, short-cycle mode (single-well flow rate 1.5~2.0 m³ / h, injection for 10 minutes, stop for 5 minutes), ensuring uniform fluid penetration along the different permeability characteristics of the ore body. The injection operation employs pump control and valve adjustment for precise control. Each injection well is equipped with a flow meter, pressure gauge, and valve control unit to adjust the injection flow rate and pressure in real time, ensuring that the single-well and zone-wide total flow rates meet the baseline operating parameters. During the injection process, operators set the initial total flow rate based on the area of ​​the zone and the injection intensity per unit area, and then distribute it to each well. To avoid short-circuiting of the liquid, the injection concentration can be appropriately reduced in high-permeability zones (e.g., ammonium salt concentration 0.8~1.0 mol / L), while the concentration can be appropriately increased in low-permeability zones (ammonium salt concentration 1.2~1.5 mol / L) to ensure that the liquid fully wets the ore body and participates in ion exchange.

[0059] In the process of zoned controlled-flow injection, continuous periodic monitoring of each zone is necessary to achieve dynamic control and obtain a set of leaching monitoring parameters. In the monitoring wells deployed in each zone, liquid level height, rate of change of liquid level, and liquid absorption are recorded periodically or in real time. Liquid flow rate and incremental output per unit time are monitored at the collection tunnel and injection well outlets. Injection pressure is monitored in real time using wellhead pressure gauges. Mother liquor samples are taken and indicators such as rare earth ion concentration (REO content), leaching agent concentration, conductivity, and pH value are measured to reflect liquid migration and ore body exchange. Each monitoring cycle can be set to 12 hours or 24 hours, adjusted according to ore body permeability and liquid level response rate. Data such as total injection volume in each zone, injection volume per well, output rate, and incremental output per unit time are collected synchronously through well network sensors and field records. After the monitoring data are summarized, a set of zoned leaching monitoring parameters is formed, including changes in the injection-production ratio, zone recovery rate, and the trend of mother liquor concentration decay within the zone's leaching cycle, providing basic information for dynamic zoned liquid adjustment. These parameters can intuitively reflect the liquid permeability of the zone, the rare earth leaching efficiency, and the risk of local liquid stagnation.

[0060] By analyzing the set of leaching monitoring parameters, the dynamic leaching characteristics of each zone can be obtained.

[0061] Liquid migration characteristic analysis: Based on the rate of change of liquid level, outflow velocity, and incremental outflow per unit time in each zone, it is determined whether short-circuiting, deviated flow, or stagnant flow exists within the zone. For example, in high-permeability zones, the liquid level response is fast and the outflow velocity is high, indicating that the liquid preferentially flows along high-permeability channels, easily forming short-circuiting; in low-permeability zones, the outflow is slow and stagnant, requiring enhanced injection. For high-permeability zones experiencing deviated flow, the injection intensity per well should be reduced or intermittent injection should be used.

[0062] Rare earth leaching characteristic analysis: The exchange status of the ion exchange zone is analyzed by the changes and decay trends of rare earth concentration in the mother liquor. If the concentration of the mother liquor continues to rise and then decreases after reaching a peak, it indicates that the zone has entered the late stage of exchange; if the concentration is stable, it indicates that the ion exchange is proceeding normally.

[0063] Injection pressure and recovery balance analysis: The uniformity of liquid penetration in the ore body is determined by the injection pressure and the output of the liquid collection tunnel, and the changes in the injection-production ratio are analyzed to identify the risk of local liquid stagnation.

[0064] After acquiring the sectional leaching characteristics, the in-situ leaching process is dynamically adjusted in stages to optimize injection efficiency and rare earth recovery rate. The dynamic adjustment strategy includes the following three stages: Pre-wetting stage: The injection flow rate is low and the injection cycle is short, with the aim of establishing a uniform wetting field. The liquid concentration can be low to medium (e.g., ammonium salt 0.8~1.0 mol / L) to ensure synchronous infiltration of the liquid in each zone, while preventing rapid short-circuiting in high-permeability areas.

[0065] Main exchange stage: After the liquid has permeated evenly, increase the total amount and intensity of the injection to enhance rare earth ion exchange. Maintain a stable flow rate in the normal exchange zone, appropriately replenish the flow in the inefficient zone, and appropriately suppress the flow in the high-permeability zone to ensure sufficient contact between the liquid and the ore body.

[0066] In the later finishing stage: after the concentration of mother liquor decreases, the total amount of liquid injected is gradually reduced, the injection is reduced in inefficient areas, and targeted enhanced injection is carried out in high-grade residual areas to improve the final recovery rate and reagent utilization efficiency.

[0067] In this embodiment, step S5 includes the following steps: Based on the immersion features, the immersion status of each partition is identified to obtain the immersion status of each partition. The leaching state includes a preferential flow zone, an insufficient wetting zone, a normal exchange zone, an exchange attenuation zone, and a stagnant liquid accumulation zone. Dynamic liquid conditioning and flow rate adjustment are performed based on the leaching state. Specifically, the dynamic liquid conditioning and flow rate adjustment process includes: Reduce the single-well injection flow rate in the priority flow zone, reduce the continuous injection time, and reduce the concentration of the leaching solution; Increase the local injection flow rate in the insufficiently infiltrated area, increase the injection frequency, and increase the concentration of the leachate; Maintain the original injection rhythm and extract concentration in the normal exchange zone; Reduce the total amount of liquid injected into the exchange attenuation zone and reduce the concentration of the leachate; Suspend the leaching and injection of liquid in the stagnant liquid enrichment zone, and coordinate with adjacent zones to carry out joint flow regulation.

[0068] In this embodiment, indicators such as the liquid level change rate, liquid discharge rate, liquid discharge increment per unit time, rare earth concentration of mother liquor, and injection-production ratio of each zone are summarized to establish a zone data table and dynamic trend curve. Then, the zone status is classified and judged by combining liquid permeability, changes in mother liquor concentration, and liquid discharge volume. The preferential flow zone is characterized by a significantly higher effluent velocity than the average (e.g., above 0.15 m³ / h·m²), a rapid rise in liquid level, and early return of mother liquor, indicating that the liquid flows rapidly along the high-permeability channels and is prone to short-circuiting and deflection. The insufficient wetting zone has a low effluent velocity (e.g., below 0.05 m³ / h·m²), small changes in liquid level, and a slow increase in mother liquor concentration, indicating that the liquid cannot fully penetrate the ore body. In the normal exchange zone, both effluent and return are stable, and the mother liquor concentration gradually increases and remains stable, indicating that ion exchange is proceeding normally. In the exchange decay zone, the mother liquor concentration reaches its peak and then begins to decline, and the leaching amount per unit of reagent decreases, indicating that the ore body has entered the later exchange stage. In the stagnant liquid enrichment zone, the liquid level remains high for a long time, and the difference between the injection and recovery amounts continues to widen, suggesting the risk of local stagnation or liquid accumulation.

[0069] In the priority flow zone, the rapid liquid permeation rate easily leads to short circuits, resulting in reagent waste and decreased rare earth recovery efficiency. To address this, the following measures are taken: First, reduce the single-well injection flow rate, for example, from the original benchmark of 1.2 m³ / h to 0.7~0.9 m³ / h, and shorten the continuous injection time from 15 minutes to 10 minutes, while extending the stop-injection time to 10~15 minutes, creating a low-intensity pulse injection mode. Second, based on column leaching experiments and on-site liquid level monitoring results, the leaching solution concentration can be appropriately reduced (e.g., ammonium salt from 1.2 mol / L to 0.8~1.0 mol / L) to slow the liquid's advance along the high-permeability path and increase the contact time between the ore body and the reagent. Real-time monitoring of the liquid level and mother liquor concentration ensures uniform liquid coverage of the high-permeability zone, avoiding localized short circuits. This measure can maintain rare earth exchange efficiency while reducing liquid waste and reagent consumption.

[0070] In areas with insufficient wetting, slow liquid permeation can easily lead to inadequate liquid absorption of the ore body and insufficient rare earth recovery. The solutions include: increasing the local injection flow rate, for example, from 1.0 m³ / h to 1.5-1.8 m³ / h per well; increasing the injection frequency, such as using short-cycle, multiple injections, with each well injecting for 10 minutes and then stopping for 5 minutes, to enhance liquid penetration; and, if necessary, appropriately increasing the leaching solution concentration, for example, from 1.0 mol / L to 1.2-1.5 mol / L, to improve ion exchange driving force. For extremely low permeability areas, a segmented, incremental injection method can be used, i.e., initially injecting at a low flow rate to establish a liquid channel, then gradually increasing the injection intensity and concentration to gradually fill the pores and achieve a uniform wetting effect. Monitoring well liquid levels and mother liquor concentration changes verifies the liquid propulsion effect, ensuring that a stable liquid pathway gradually forms in low-permeability areas.

[0071] In the normal exchange zone, both liquid permeability and rare earth exchange are at an ideal state. Therefore, there is no need to change the baseline injection rhythm and leaching solution concentration; only the injection flow rate needs to be fine-tuned to maintain a stable exchange state. Specifically, the injection flow rate of each well is dynamically adjusted based on the monitoring well level and the rare earth concentration of the mother liquor. This keeps the incremental liquid output and level change within a set range, for example, maintaining level changes at 0.05~0.08 m³ / h·m² and rare earth concentration fluctuations in the mother liquor not exceeding ±5%. This ensures optimal ion exchange efficiency while preventing high-permeability short-circuiting or low-permeability stagnation due to excessive flow. In the exchange decay zone, as the ore body enters its later stages, the leaching rate per unit of reagent decreases, and excessive injection will result in reagent waste. The measures are as follows: reduce the total amount of fluid injected in each zone, for example, reduce the single-well injection flow rate from 1.0~1.2 m³ / h to 0.6~0.8 m³ / h, and at the same time reduce the concentration of the leaching solution (e.g., from 1.2 mol / L to 0.8 mol / L) to maintain the final leaching; extend the injection-stop alternation time to reduce the consumption of ineffective solution; and monitor the changes in the mother liquor concentration in real time through monitoring wells to ensure that the liquid can still achieve limited rare earth recovery without causing stagnation or environmental risks.

[0072] In areas with stagnant, concentrated fluid, prolonged fluid retention and poor return can easily lead to fluid accumulation. The solution involves: suspending injection operations in this area, closing individual well valves, and stopping pump injection; simultaneously, strengthening drainage in surrounding areas' collection tunnels to promote fluid flow from the stagnant zone to the collection channels; and, if necessary, coordinating flow regulation by adjusting injection flow rates in adjacent areas, such as reducing injection intensity in upstream high-permeability areas and increasing injection intensity in low-permeability areas, to redistribute the fluid and eliminate localized stagnation. The monitoring well fluid level should maintain a continuous downward trend. Once the level returns to normal, low-intensity injection can be resumed to ensure the stagnant zone re-engages in ore body exchange, while avoiding short-circuiting and reagent waste. Through the above-mentioned zoned status identification and dynamic fluid regulation, the entire in-situ leaching process forms a closed-loop feedback control. The injection flow rate, solute concentration, and injection rhythm of each zone can be dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring data, thereby achieving balanced transport of the leaching solution within the ore body, maximizing rare earth leaching rate and mother liquor recovery rate, while reducing the risks of localized stagnation, short-circuiting, and reagent waste.

[0073] In this embodiment, the specific steps of step S6 are as follows: Set the termination conditions for the partitioned operation; The conditions for terminating the zoning operation include: the rare earth concentration of the mother liquor being lower than the preset economic recovery lower limit for multiple consecutive monitoring cycles; the rare earth recovery amount corresponding to the unit injection volume being lower than the preset threshold; the zoning recovery rate reaching the design target; and the zoning liquid level and liquid collection status indicating that continued injection is likely to cause liquid stagnation or environmental risks. When a partition is detected to meet the termination conditions for any partition operation, the operation is deemed complete, and the injection of fluid into the corresponding partition is stopped.

[0074] In this embodiment, a threshold is set based on the lower limit of economic recovery of rare earth concentration in the mother liquor. For example, if the rare earth concentration in the mother liquor of the ammonium salt system leaching solution is below 0.15 g / L for three consecutive monitoring cycles (each cycle is 24 hours), the zone can be determined to have entered a low-economic-benefit stage, and continued injection will lead to waste of reagents and increased costs. Secondly, a threshold is set based on the rare earth recovery amount corresponding to the unit injection volume. For example, if the rare earth leaching rate per cubic meter of injection is below 0.5 kg / m³ for two consecutive monitoring cycles, it indicates that the reagent utilization efficiency of the zone has decreased and it has entered the marginal benefit zone. Considering the cumulative recovery rate of the zone, when the design target is reached (e.g., the rare earth recovery rate of the primary zone reaches 85-90%, and the secondary zone reaches 80-85%), the zone can be considered to have completed its main mining task and no longer needs to continue high-intensity injection. Liquid level and liquid collection status are also important criteria. If the liquid level in the monitoring well is high for a long time and the liquid collection in the collection tunnel is delayed, continuous injection may cause liquid stagnation or environmental risks. A threshold for abnormal liquid level difference or injection-production ratio (such as liquid level exceeding the design liquid level by 10-15% or injection-production ratio > 1.2) should be set as one of the termination conditions.

[0075] Real-time data is collected through monitoring wells, collection tunnels, and injection wells, including parameters such as rare earth concentration in the mother liquor, injection volume, output volume, liquid level, and injection-production ratio. The data collection cycle can be set to 24 or 48 hours to ensure the monitoring frequency matches the liquid migration rate. Subsequently, the data is compared and analyzed with preset thresholds. For example, if the rare earth concentration in the mother liquor is below 0.15 g / L for three consecutive cycles, it is automatically marked as a low-economic-recovery state; if the rare earth recovery per unit injection volume is below 0.5 kg / m³ for two consecutive cycles, it is also marked as an inefficient state. To avoid misjudgment based on single outliers, moving average or weighted average methods can be used to process the monitoring data. For example, the moving average of the mother liquor concentration is used to calculate the average value of data over three consecutive monitoring cycles, reducing the impact of occasional fluctuations on termination decisions. Furthermore, the risk of liquid stagnation can be assessed by combining liquid level change trends. If the liquid level is consistently above 10% of the design value and the output volume shows a significant downward trend, it is identified as a liquid stagnation risk zone. This multi-indicator cross-judgment method can scientifically and reliably identify zones where injection needs to be terminated, ensuring both economy and safety.

[0076] For zones marked as completed, on-site verification is conducted, checking changes in well fluid levels, mother liquor rare earth concentration, output volume, and injection-production ratio to ensure termination conditions are met and there is no risk of short-term rebound. Operators gradually stop injection into the wells of this zone using the well control system or manual valve operation, shutting down pump stations or regulating valves to gradually reduce the fluid flow rate to zero, while maintaining continuous pumping in the collection tunnel to prevent fluid stagnation. After stopping injection, monitoring of the zone is still required for a period (generally 1-2 monitoring cycles) to observe fluid level decline, mother liquor concentration stabilization, and output volume trends, ensuring no further abnormal fluid flow, no stagnation, and no environmental pollution. If necessary, low-intensity injection or post-treatment cleanup injection can be performed to recover residual rare earth or flush out stagnant fluid. Upon completion, the zone termination status is recorded in the operation file, including termination time, reason for termination, last injection flow rate, mother liquor concentration, and zone recovery rate.

[0077] In this embodiment, an ion-type rare earth zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining apparatus is provided for performing the ion-type rare earth zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining method described above, including: The partitioning module is used to acquire detection statistics of the target mining area; and to partition the area based on the detection statistics to obtain the partitioning results. The deployment module is used to perform adaptive partition deployment based on the partitioning results and construct the partitioned well network structure. The parameter setting module is used to collect and test mineral samples from different zones of the target mining area to determine the initial leaching solution parameters and baseline operating parameters. The controlled-flow injection module is used to perform zoned controlled-flow injection treatment on the zoned well network structure based on the initial leaching fluid parameters and the benchmark operating parameters, and to perform dynamic leaching characteristic analysis to obtain the leaching characteristics of different zones. The dynamic liquid adjustment module is used to identify the leaching state of each zone based on the leaching characteristics, and to perform dynamic liquid adjustment and flow rate adjustment processing. The termination module is used to set the termination conditions for a zone operation; when a zone is detected to meet any zone operation termination condition, the operation is determined to be completed, and the corresponding zone injection is stopped.

[0078] Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the application are intended to be included within the invention.

[0079] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement it. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein are implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.

Claims

1. A method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earth elements, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the detection statistics of the target mining area; divide the area according to the detection statistics to obtain the partitioning results; Step S2: Based on the partitioning results, perform adaptive partitioning and construct a partitioned well network structure; Step S3: Collect and test mineral samples from different zones of the target mining area to determine the initial leaching solution parameters and baseline operating parameters; Step S4: Based on the initial leaching fluid parameters and the baseline operating parameters, perform zoned flow control injection treatment on the zoned well network structure, and conduct dynamic leaching characteristic analysis to obtain the leaching characteristics of different zones; Step S5: Based on the leaching characteristics, identify the leaching state of each zone and perform dynamic liquid adjustment and flow rate adjustment. Step S6: Set the termination condition for the zone operation; when a zone is detected to meet any zone operation termination condition, the operation is determined to be completed, and the corresponding zone injection is stopped.

2. The method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S1 are as follows: Obtain exploration statistics for the target mining area; Multiple partitioning rules are set; the partitioning rules are selected, the detection statistics are determined according to the rules, and the regions are divided to obtain the partitioning results.

3. The method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive partitioning deployment is specifically as follows: Injection wells, collection tunnels, and monitoring wells are deployed in each zone; Based on the permeability coefficients of each region, permeability analysis of adjacent zones is performed to obtain the permeability of different zone boundaries; Based on the aforementioned dynamic adjustment of the injection well spacing; Specifically, this involves increasing the well spacing at the boundaries of high-permeability zones and reducing the injection intensity in the wells; Reduce the well spacing at the boundaries of low-permeability zones and increase the frequency of local injections; Each zone is equipped with an independent flow regulation device; Establish the injection-production correspondence between injection wells and collection tunnels in each zone; Based on the injection-production correspondence, a zoned well network structure is constructed.

4. The method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 is as follows: Mineral samples were collected and tested in different zones of the target mining area, and the test results of mineral samples from multiple zones were obtained. Based on the test results of the mineral samples, the type and concentration of the leaching solution were determined, and the initial leaching solution parameters for different zones were obtained. Based on the zoning results, differential settings are made to obtain the baseline operating parameters for different zoning areas; the baseline operating parameters include single-well injection flow rate, injection intensity per unit area, injection cycle, injection-stop alternation duration, and upper limit of total injection volume for each zoning area.

5. The method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S4 are as follows: Based on the initial leaching fluid parameters and the baseline operating parameters, the zoned well network structure is subjected to zoned flow control injection treatment, and continuous periodic monitoring is performed based on the monitoring wells to obtain a set of leaching monitoring parameters; Dynamic leaching feature analysis was performed based on the leaching monitoring parameter set to obtain the leaching features of different zones.

6. The method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths according to claim 5, characterized in that, The zoned flow control injection process also includes: setting a phased dynamic liquid adjustment strategy; the phased dynamic liquid adjustment includes a pre-wetting stage, a main exchange stage, and a final cleanup stage.

7. The method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S5 are as follows: Based on the immersion features, the immersion status of each partition is identified to obtain the immersion status of each partition. The leaching state includes a preferential flow zone, an insufficient wetting zone, a normal exchange zone, an exchange attenuation zone, and a stagnant liquid accumulation zone. Dynamic liquid adjustment and flow rate adjustment are performed based on the leaching state.

8. The method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dynamic liquid conditioning and flow rate adjustment process specifically includes: Reduce the single-well injection flow rate in the priority flow zone, reduce the continuous injection time, and reduce the concentration of the leaching solution; Increase the local injection flow rate in the insufficiently infiltrated area, increase the injection frequency, and increase the concentration of the leachate; Maintain the original injection rhythm and extract concentration in the normal exchange zone; Reduce the total amount of liquid injected into the exchange attenuation zone and reduce the concentration of the leachate; Suspend the leaching and injection of liquid in the stagnant liquid enrichment zone, and coordinate with adjacent zones to carry out joint flow regulation.

9. The method for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S6 are as follows: Set the termination conditions for the partitioned operation; The conditions for terminating the zoning operation include: the rare earth concentration of the mother liquor being lower than the preset economic recovery lower limit for multiple consecutive monitoring cycles; the rare earth recovery amount corresponding to the unit injection volume being lower than the preset threshold; the zoning recovery rate reaching the design target; and the zoning liquid level and return liquid status indicating that continued injection is likely to cause liquid stagnation or environmental risks. When a partition is detected to meet the termination conditions for any partition operation, the operation is deemed complete, and the injection of fluid into the corresponding partition is stopped.

10. A device for zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining of ion-type rare earth elements, characterized in that, The method for performing the ion-type rare earth zoned flow control and dynamic liquid regulation mining method as described in claim 1 includes: The partitioning module is used to acquire detection statistics of the target mining area; and to partition the area based on the detection statistics to obtain the partitioning results. The deployment module is used to perform adaptive partition deployment based on the partitioning results and construct the partitioned well network structure. The parameter setting module is used to collect and test mineral samples from different zones of the target mining area to determine the initial leaching solution parameters and baseline operating parameters. The controlled-flow injection module is used to perform zoned controlled-flow injection treatment on the zoned well network structure based on the initial leaching fluid parameters and the benchmark operating parameters, and to perform dynamic leaching characteristic analysis to obtain the leaching characteristics of different zones. The dynamic liquid adjustment module is used to identify the leaching state of each zone based on the leaching characteristics, and to perform dynamic liquid adjustment and flow rate adjustment processing. The termination module is used to set the termination conditions for a zone operation; when a zone is detected to meet any zone operation termination condition, the operation is determined to be completed, and the corresponding zone injection is stopped.

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