Multi-hazard coupling protection device for underground cable systems and method of use

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of cable protection engineering, and discloses a multi-disaster coupling protection device of an underground cable system and a use method, which comprises an inspection well, a movable sleeve-connected well cover at the top of the inspection well, a clamping groove arranged on the side surface of the well cover, a cable pipe fixedly sleeved on the side surface of the inspection well, a guide wire fixedly sleeved in the cable pipe, a monitoring host fixedly installed on the front surface of the cable pipe, a monitoring and protection assembly arranged in the inspection well, an auxiliary assembly arranged at the top, and the auxiliary assembly comprising a sliding block, a reset spring, a positioning sleeve, an extrusion spring and a lifting column. In the application, the problems of complicated disassembly and assembly of the well cover, lack of real-time monitoring and early warning are solved, the well cover can be quickly opened and closed, the settlement pressure and the humidity in the pipe can be monitored in real time, and automatic early warning is realized, so that the safe and stable operation of the underground cable is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable protection engineering technology, and in particular to a multi-hazard coupling protection device for underground cable systems and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] As urban residential areas expand and electricity load steadily increases, underground cables, as a crucial infrastructure for power supply in these communities, are constantly affected by multiple disasters, including foundation settlement, torrential rain and flooding, and water seepage within the pipes. This makes them prone to corrosion, damage, and line faults, making multi-hazard coupled protection particularly critical. Traditional underground cables are mostly laid directly buried, with only ordinary rigid conduits for external protection and simple sealing of the cable openings. Manhole covers are often bolted, relying on periodic manual visual inspections, lacking professional monitoring equipment for settlement pressure and internal humidity, and also lacking automatic early warning functions.

[0003] Specific shortcomings of existing technology: Traditional manhole covers rely on bolts or rigid clamps for fixation, requiring specialized tools for disassembly and assembly during maintenance. The opening and closing process is cumbersome and laborious. Long-term use can easily lead to bolt corrosion and wear and deformation of the clamping structure, making maintenance difficult and inefficient. Furthermore, existing technology lacks real-time monitoring methods for settlement pressure and internal humidity, making it impossible to predict the impact of foundation settlement on cable compression damage or to promptly detect potential water accumulation and dampness within the pipe. Repairs are only reactive after cable short circuits or corrosion breakage occur, lacking early warning capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above shortcomings, this invention provides a multi-hazard coupling protection device and its usage method for underground cable systems. It aims to improve the existing underground cable maintenance manhole covers, which are cumbersome to install and remove and rely on tools for opening and closing. At the same time, it solves the industry pain points of traditional protection methods, which cannot monitor the foundation settlement pressure and the humidity inside the cable pipe in real time, lack early warning mechanisms for disasters, and can only passively repair after the cable fails.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system, comprising a maintenance well, a manhole cover movably sleeved on the top of the maintenance well, a slot being provided on the side of the manhole cover; a cable conduit fixedly sleeved on the side of the maintenance well, a wire fixedly sleeved inside the cable conduit; a monitoring host fixedly installed on the front of the cable conduit; and a monitoring and protection component being provided inside the maintenance well.

[0006] The top of the inspection well is equipped with an auxiliary component, which includes a sliding block, a return spring, a positioning sleeve, a compression spring, and a lifting column. The sliding block is movably sleeved on one side of the top of the inspection well, and the return spring is located inside the sliding block. The positioning sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall side of the inspection well, and the compression spring is located inside the positioning sleeve. The lifting column is movably sleeved on the top of the positioning sleeve, and the top of the lifting column is in close contact with the bottom of the well cover.

[0007] Preferably, the monitoring and protection components include a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, an alarm, and a display; the pressure sensor and humidity sensor are both fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the cable conduit, the alarm is fixedly installed below the monitoring host, and the display is fixedly installed on the front of the monitoring host; the output end of the pressure sensor is connected to the input end of the monitoring host, and the input ends of the display and the alarm are both connected to the output end of the monitoring host.

[0008] Preferably, the top of the cable conduit is provided with a sealing mechanism, which includes a sealing cover and a sealing gasket. The sealing cover is movably sleeved on the top of the cable conduit, and the sealing gasket is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the sealing cover.

[0009] Preferably, the sealing gasket is made of silicone.

[0010] Preferably, the cable conduit is provided with a waterproof component, which includes a protective sleeve and a corrugated sleeve. The protective sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the conductor and fixedly installed inside the cable conduit, and the corrugated sleeve is correspondingly installed at the line bend positions of two adjacent protective sleeve sections 91.

[0011] Preferably, the corrugated sleeve is made of polyvinyl chloride.

[0012] Preferably, the compression spring vertically supports the lifting column, and the lifting column elastically fits against the bottom of the manhole cover.

[0013] A method for using a multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system includes the following steps:

[0014] S1. Cable laying protection: Install protective sleeves in advance on the straight sections of the conductors, and connect them with corrugated sleeves at the bending points of the line. Use the bendable characteristics of the corrugated sleeves to adapt to the wiring direction of the conductors, and then insert the whole into the cable conduit to complete the neat laying; then align and fasten the sealing cap on the top of the cable conduit to complete the sealing operation of the cable conduit.

[0015] S2. Real-time environmental monitoring: During normal operation of the line, the pressure sensor installed at the bottom of the cable conduit continuously monitors the pressure changes on the conductor caused by uneven ground settlement and soil compression. The humidity sensor simultaneously and continuously collects data on air humidity and water accumulation inside the cable conduit and transmits the two types of monitoring data to the monitoring host in real time as signals.

[0016] S3. Data Display and Early Warning: The monitoring host analyzes and processes the received pressure and humidity data, and projects the processed parameters onto the display in real time for maintenance personnel to view intuitively; when the monitored pressure and humidity values ​​exceed the system's preset safety threshold, the monitoring host automatically triggers the alarm to issue an audible and visual alarm, realizing early warning of multiple potential hazards;

[0017] S4. Convenient opening and closing for maintenance: In normal operation, the auxiliary component locks the manhole cover in place. When maintenance is required on the inside of the manhole, cable pipes, and wires, the auxiliary component can be used to quickly unlock and lift the manhole cover. After the maintenance is completed, the manhole cover is pressed down to return to its original position, and the auxiliary component automatically locks the manhole cover in place.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the sealing gasket fixed at the top of the inner cavity of the sealing cover is made of silicone. After the sealing cover is fastened in place, the sealing gasket is tightly pressed against the end face of the cable conduit. Relying on the flexible sealing performance of the silicone material, the assembly gap is sealed, effectively preventing surface rainwater and underground seepage water from seeping into the inside of the cable conduit along the gap at the pipe opening, thus achieving water-proof and moisture-proof protection.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, under normal conditions, the sliding block is engaged in the slot on the side of the manhole cover under the elastic action of the return spring, thereby achieving lateral limiting and fixing of the manhole cover; during maintenance, the sliding block is moved laterally to compress the return spring, causing the sliding block to disengage from the slot and release the limiting, and the compression spring inside the positioning sleeve releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the lifting column upward, which in turn lifts the manhole cover upward to achieve tool-free quick opening; after maintenance is completed, the manhole cover is pressed down, and the side of the manhole cover compresses the sliding block again to compress the return spring. After the manhole cover falls to the top of the maintenance well and is in place, the return spring rebounds and pushes the sliding block back into the slot, completing the closing and self-locking fixing of the manhole cover.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The auxiliary components of this device enable tool-free, rapid opening and automatic locking of manhole covers. In normal use, they provide a stable limit to the manhole cover, preventing it from shifting or loosening due to groundwater pressure or external disturbances. When maintenance of underground cables is required, simply move the slider laterally to release the lock. The internal spring and lifting column will automatically lift the cover, eliminating the need for manual prying with tools like crowbars or wrenches, significantly reducing the difficulty and labor intensity of opening the cover. After maintenance, simply press down on the cover; the spring's rebound will automatically lock it in place. The closing operation is simple and quick, greatly improving the efficiency of daily inspection and maintenance of underground cables in residential areas.

[0022] 2. The monitoring and protection components on this device enable real-time monitoring of the multi-hazard coupling of the underground cable operating environment. It can simultaneously sense the compressive forces caused by uneven settlement of the soft soil foundation, as well as changes in water accumulation and moisture levels inside the cable conduit. The monitored environmental data can be transmitted and aggregated in real time, processed, and displayed intuitively, allowing maintenance personnel to readily grasp the actual operating conditions of the underground cables. If the ground settlement pressure or the humidity inside the conduit exceeds the safe operating range, it can immediately trigger audible and visual warnings. This changes the traditional passive mode of cable protection, which relies solely on reactive repairs, enabling early detection and timely investigation of potential hazards, effectively avoiding cable tensile fractures and moisture-induced short circuits caused by foundation settlement and water seepage inside the conduit.

[0023] 3. The sealing mechanism of this device can form a tight seal and protection for the top opening of the cable conduit. Relying on the self-adhesive deformation characteristics of the flexible sealing gasket, it can fit tightly against the end face of the cable conduit opening, accurately sealing the assembly gaps. It can effectively prevent surface rainwater, surface runoff, and underground seepage from seeping into the cable conduit through the gaps in the opening, cutting off the water intrusion channel, avoiding the cable conduit being in a damp and waterlogged environment for a long time, preventing the cable sheath from being corroded by water and the insulation performance from deteriorating, continuously ensuring a dry and safe operating environment for underground cables, and significantly reducing the probability of cable aging due to moisture and leakage faults. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is an overall diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the inspection well;

[0026] Figure 3 Layout diagram of cable conduit, monitoring and protection components, sealing mechanism and waterproofing components;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the state of the manhole cover when it is open.

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection between the monitoring host and the monitoring protection components.

[0031] Legend:

[0032] 1. Inspection well; 2. Well cover; 3. Slot; 4. Cable conduit; 5. Wire; 6. Monitoring host; 7. Monitoring and protection components; 71. Pressure sensor; 72. Humidity sensor; 73. Alarm; 74. Display; 8. Sealing mechanism; 81. Sealing cover; 82. Sealing gasket; 9. Waterproof component; 91. Protective sleeve; 92. Corrugated sleeve; 10. Auxiliary component; 101. Sliding block; 102. Return spring; 103. Positioning sleeve; 104. Compression spring; 105. Lifting column. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1, refer to Figures 1-7A multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system includes a maintenance well 1, which serves as the core operating carrier for underground cable maintenance. The top of the maintenance well 1 is movably fitted with a manhole cover 2 that can be freely opened and closed and is suitable for the outdoor environment of residential areas. It is wear-resistant and pressure-resistant. The manhole cover 2 has a locking groove 3 near the edge on its side for locking and limiting. A cable conduit 4 for neatly laying the cable is fixedly fitted to the side of the maintenance well 1. The cable conduit 4 is made of corrosion-resistant pipe material, which is suitable for the damp and complex underground environment and can effectively prevent the pipe body from rusting and breaking. A conductor 5 for transmitting electricity is fixedly fitted inside the cable conduit 4. The conductor 5 is laid close to the inner wall of the cable conduit 4 to avoid friction damage caused by daily shaking. The cable conduit 4 can neatly store the conductor 5 and provide all-round external protection. A monitoring host 6 for data reception, analysis, processing, and overall control is fixedly installed on the front of the cable conduit 4. The monitoring host 6 has a built-in data processing module and threshold setting unit, which can store historical monitoring data for easy traceability in subsequent maintenance. Inside the inspection well 1, near the interface of the cable conduit 4, there is also a monitoring and protection component 7 for environmental detection and hazard warning. The placement of this component ensures smooth transmission of monitoring signals and reduces interference. The top of the inspection well 1 is equipped with an auxiliary component 10 for quick opening, closing, and locking of the manhole cover 2. The auxiliary component 10 includes a sliding block 101, a return spring 102, a positioning sleeve 103, a compression spring 104, and a lifting column 105. These components work together to enable tool-free operation of the manhole cover 2. The sliding block 101 is movably fitted into a pre-set groove at the top of the inspection well 1. Inside the sliding block 101 is a return spring 102 that provides the rebound locking power. The two ends of the return spring 102 are fixed to the inner wall of the sliding block 101 and the inner wall of the groove of the inspection well 1, respectively, and are always in a pre-tightened state to ensure the locking stability under normal conditions. The positioning sleeve 103 is fastened to the inner wall of the inspection well 1 by bolts, ensuring a firm and stable position. Inside, there is a compression spring 104 that provides vertical pushing force. The compression spring 104 is normally in a compressed state and can store sufficient elastic potential energy. The top of the positioning sleeve 103 is movably fitted with a sliding lifting column 105. The lifting column 105 fits tightly against the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 103, ensuring smooth sliding without shaking. The top of the lifting column 105 has an arc-shaped contact surface, which increases the contact area with the bottom of the well cover 2, preventing damage to the well cover 2 when it is lifted. The top of the lifting column 105 always keeps in close contact with the bottom of the well cover 2, providing elastic support for the well cover 2 and allowing the well cover 2 to be quickly lifted after unlocking. This truly achieves the function of quick opening without tools, greatly improving maintenance efficiency.

[0035] Example 2, refer to Figures 1-7Based on Embodiment 1, the monitoring and protection component 7 includes a pressure sensor 71 for accurately detecting ground subsidence pressure, a humidity sensor 72 for real-time collection of humidity inside the pipe, an alarm 73 for timely alerts of potential hazards, and a display 74 for intuitively displaying operational data. These four components work together to form a complete monitoring and early warning system. The pressure sensor 71 employs diffused silicon piezoresistive sensing technology, relying on the deformation of an internal elastic diaphragm under pressure to convert electrical signals and complete pressure acquisition. The humidity sensor 72 employs capacitive humidity sensing technology, relying on the principle that the capacitance of a humidity-sensitive capacitor changes with the ambient water vapor content to accurately collect humidity data. Both types of sensing technologies are adaptable to complex underground environments, ensuring stable and reliable detection. Pressure sensor 71 and humidity sensor 72 are uniformly and fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of cable conduit 4. This location allows for close-range, interference-free, real-time monitoring of the squeezing pressure caused by ground subsidence and changes in moisture accumulation within the conduit. Pressure sensor 71's detection range is precisely adapted to the common pressure range of underground ground subsidence in residential areas, capturing minute pressure changes and avoiding false alarms or missed alarms. Humidity sensor 72 has extremely high detection accuracy, detecting trace amounts of moisture within the conduit, promptly identifying minor dampness, and proactively mitigating potential hazards. Alarm 73 is fixedly installed below the monitoring host 6, with a decibel level meeting outdoor warning standards and a bright red light for easy identification. Display 74 is fixedly installed on the front of the monitoring host 6. The screen is waterproof and dustproof, intuitively displaying real-time operating parameters, including pressure and humidity values, and equipment operating status. It supports real-time data updates for convenient monitoring by maintenance personnel. The output of pressure sensor 71 forms a stable signal connection with the input of monitoring host 6. Shielded cable transmission is used to avoid underground electromagnetic interference, ensuring real-time and lossless data transmission. The inputs of display 74 and alarm 73 are both connected to the output of monitoring host 6. Monitoring host 6 adopts embedded single-chip intelligent integrated control technology, integrating multiple functions such as signal reception, data processing, threshold judgment, and command output. The monitoring host 6 uniformly controls data display and triggering of audible and visual alarms. After receiving data, monitoring host 6 quickly compares it with pre-set safety thresholds. The upper limit of the formation extrusion pressure is set at 0.35 MPa, and the safe range of relative humidity inside the cable conduit is set between 40% and 65%. Once the pressure value exceeds 0.35 MPa or the humidity value exceeds 65%, it is judged as an abnormal operation. The overall data comparison response delay is no more than 1 second, ensuring timely and accurate early warning throughout the process.

[0036] The top of the cable conduit 4 is equipped with a sealing mechanism 8 for water-proof sealing of the conduit opening. This mechanism can block the infiltration of external water at the source, providing a dry operating environment for the conductor 5 inside the conduit and effectively reducing the risk of moisture corrosion to the conductor 5. The sealing mechanism 8 includes a sealing cap 81 that provides a protective cover and a sealing gasket 82 that provides a flexible seal. The sealing cap 81 is made of high-strength plastic, which is resistant to aging and impact, and is suitable for damp and dark underground environments. It adopts a snap-on design and is movably fitted onto the top of the cable conduit 4, allowing for flexible installation and removal. The sealing gasket 82 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the sealing cap 81. It is firmly fixed with adhesive and is not easy to fall off. It can close tightly with the end face of the conduit opening as the sealing cap 81 closes, and fills the assembly gap by its own flexible deformation, forming a seamless sealing protective layer and blocking the water seepage channel.

[0037] The sealing gasket 82 is made of silicone, which has excellent flexibility, aging resistance and deformation adhesion. It is also resistant to high and low temperatures, can adapt to the temperature changes of the underground in all four seasons, is not easy to harden or age, and has a long service life. This material can tightly fill the gap of the pipe opening assembly. Even if there is slight unevenness in the pipe opening, it can achieve a tight fit through its own deformation, maintain the sealing and water-proof effect for a long time, and can withstand a certain water pressure. It can effectively resist the rapid infiltration of surface rainwater and the backflow of underground seepage during heavy rain, and is suitable for long-term use in underground humid and complex working conditions.

[0038] The cable conduit 4 houses a waterproof component 9, which includes a protective sleeve 91 for straight sections and a corrugated sleeve 92 for transitions at bends. The protective sleeve 91 is made of rigid insulating material, possessing good mechanical strength to effectively resist damage from impacts with debris inside the conduit and soil compression. It also has excellent insulation properties, enhancing the insulation of the conductor 5. The protective sleeve 91 is fixedly fitted onto the outside of the conductor 5 and integrally fixed inside the cable conduit 4, with a small gap between it and the conduit to buffer deformation caused by soil compression and prevent damage to the protective sleeve 91. The corrugated sleeve 92 is installed at bends in the cable, primarily for connecting adjacent sections of the protective sleeve 91. Its annular corrugated design allows for flexible bending at multiple angles, and it automatically springs back after bending without permanent deformation. Its flexible structure precisely adapts to the winding and complex wiring routes of underground pipelines in residential areas.

[0039] The corrugated sleeve 92 is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a non-toxic and corrosion-resistant material that effectively resists erosion from acidic and alkaline soils. It also possesses excellent bending resistance and anti-aging properties, making it suitable for complex laying paths. Furthermore, PVC has excellent water-proof and insulating properties, further enhancing the water-proof protection of conductor 5.

[0040] The compression spring 104 always maintains a vertical supporting state, acting on the lifting column 105 to provide sufficient elastic power support for opening the manhole cover 2. The lifting column 105 maintains elastic contact with the bottom of the manhole cover 2 throughout the entire process. This contact method can buffer the impact of external forces on the manhole cover 2, reduce the collision and wear between the manhole cover 2 and the maintenance well 1, and extend the service life of both.

[0041] Example 3, refer to Figures 1-7 A method for using a multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Cable Laying Protection: Protective sleeves 91 are installed in advance on the straight sections of conductor 5. The protective sleeves 91 can provide stable mechanical protection for the straight sections of conductor 5, preventing damage to conductor 5 caused by soil compression or collision with debris. Corrugated sleeves 92 are used to connect the bends in the line. The excellent bendability of the corrugated sleeves 92 can adapt to the winding and complex wiring of conductor 5, preventing the rigid protective sleeves 91 from being directly bent and cracked. Then, the entire line is smoothly inserted into the cable conduit 4 to complete the neat laying, ensuring that the line is not tangled or squeezed, and ensuring the stable transmission of conductor 5. Then, the sealing cap 81 is precisely aligned and fastened to the top of the cable conduit 4 to complete the sealing operation of the cable conduit 4, preventing external water from seeping into the pipe from the source.

[0043] S2. Real-time environmental monitoring: During normal operation of the line, the pressure sensor 71 installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the cable pipe 4 continuously monitors the pressure changes on the conductor 5 caused by uneven settlement of the stratum and soil compression. It can accurately capture small pressure fluctuations and promptly detect the squeezing hazards caused by foundation settlement. The humidity sensor 72 simultaneously and continuously collects the air humidity and water accumulation data inside the cable pipe 4 to fully understand the dampness status inside the pipe. Both types of monitoring data are transmitted to the monitoring host 6 in real time in the form of electrical signals to ensure timely data transmission without loss.

[0044] S3. Data Display and Early Warning: The monitoring host 6 intelligently analyzes and processes the received pressure and humidity data, filters out interference signals to ensure data accuracy, and then projects the processed parameters onto the display 74 in real time, allowing maintenance personnel to intuitively view the equipment's operating status and monitoring data, enabling them to understand the pipe environment without going down into the well. When the monitored pressure and humidity values ​​exceed the system's preset safety thresholds, the monitoring host 6 automatically triggers the alarm 73 to work, issuing a clear audible and visual alarm prompt, realizing early warning of multiple potential hazards, and facilitating maintenance personnel to quickly rush to the site for investigation and handling.

[0045] S4. Convenient opening and closing for maintenance: Under normal conditions, the auxiliary component 10 reliably locks and limits the manhole cover 2, preventing it from shifting or falling off due to external disturbances or water and soil pressure, thus ensuring the safe operation of underground cables. When maintenance is required on the inside of the inspection well 1, the cable pipe 4, and the conductor 5, the auxiliary component 10 can be operated to quickly unlock and lift the manhole cover 2 without the need for any auxiliary tools such as pry bars or wrenches, reducing the labor intensity of maintenance personnel. After the maintenance work is completed, the manhole cover 2 is pressed down to return to its original position, and the auxiliary component 10 automatically locks the manhole cover 2. The operation is simple and efficient, greatly shortening the maintenance time.

[0046] In step S1, the sealing gasket 82 fixed to the top of the inner cavity of the sealing cover 81 is made of silicone. Silicone has good flexibility, deformation resistance, water resistance, and aging resistance, making it suitable for complex underground damp conditions. It is not easy to harden or fall off after long-term use. After the sealing cover 81 is fastened in place, the sealing gasket 82 is tightly pressed against the end face of the cable conduit 4. Relying on the flexible sealing performance of the silicone material, it fills and seals all assembly gaps between the sealing cover 81 and the pipe opening, leaving no water seepage channels. This effectively prevents surface rainwater and underground seepage water from seeping into the inside of the cable conduit 4 along the gaps in the pipe opening, achieving reliable water and moisture protection.

[0047] In step S4, under normal conditions, the sliding block 101 is stably locked into the slot 3 on the side of the manhole cover 2 under the elastic pushing action of the return spring 102, thus achieving lateral limiting and fixing of the manhole cover 2. This locking method is firm and reliable, and can effectively prevent the manhole cover 2 from shifting. During maintenance, the sliding block 101 is moved laterally, and the sliding block 101 compresses the return spring 102, causing the sliding block 101 to disengage from the slot 3 and release the limiting action. At this time, the compression spring 104 inside the positioning sleeve 103 releases the stored elastic potential energy, pushing the lifting column 105 upward. The lifting column 105 smoothly lifts the manhole cover 2 upward, realizing quick opening of the cover without tools and simplifying the maintenance operation process. After the maintenance is completed, press down on the manhole cover 2. The side of the manhole cover 2 squeezes the sliding block 101 and compresses the return spring 102 again. After the manhole cover 2 falls smoothly to the top of the maintenance well 1 and is in place, the return spring 102 rebounds and pushes the sliding block 101 to re-enter the slot 3, automatically completing the closing and self-locking of the manhole cover 2, ensuring that the manhole cover 2 is locked firmly without the need for additional manual operation.

[0048] Working Principle: The underground cable system in the residential area relies on the inspection well 1 as the basic installation carrier. The top of the inspection well 1 is equipped with a manhole cover 2 for sealing and protection. A cable conduit 4 is fixedly installed through the side of the inspection well 1, and wires 5 are run inside the cable conduit 4. A pressure sensor 71 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the cable conduit 4. The pressure sensor 71 can detect the squeezing force on the wires 5 caused by ground subsidence and ground vibration in real time. A humidity sensor 72 is also fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the cable conduit 4. The humidity sensor 72 continuously detects the moisture level and water accumulation inside the cable conduit 4. The pressure sensor 71 and the humidity sensor 72 transmit the collected real-time data to the monitoring host 6 installed on the front of the cable conduit 4. The monitoring host 6 displays the processed data synchronously on the display 74, allowing maintenance personnel to intuitively view the underground cable operating environment. Once the pressure or humidity values ​​exceed the safety setting range, the monitoring host 6 will immediately activate the alarm 73 to issue a warning signal, reminding staff to promptly investigate potential hazards. The top of the cable conduit 4 is equipped with a sealing cap 81, and a sealing gasket 82 is fixedly connected to the inside of the sealing cap 81. The silicone sealing gasket 82 fits tightly against the opening of the cable conduit 4, effectively preventing rainwater and groundwater from seeping into the conduit. The conductor 5 is externally fixed with a protective sleeve 91. Corrugated sleeves 92 are correspondingly installed at the bends of the lines in adjacent sections of the protective sleeves 91. The PVC corrugated sleeves 92 have flexible and bendable characteristics, and can freely deform with the wiring angle of the conductor 5, preventing the protective sleeves 91 from bending and breaking. At the same time, the double-layer structure provides multiple protections for the conductor 5, including waterproofing, tensile strength resistance, and abrasion resistance.

[0049] A sliding block 101 is movably mounted on one side of the top of the inspection well 1. A return spring 102 is installed inside the sliding block 101. A positioning sleeve 103 is fixedly connected to the inner wall side of the inspection well 1. A compression spring 104 is installed inside the positioning sleeve 103. A lifting column 105 is movably sleeved on the top of the positioning sleeve 103. The top of the lifting column 105 is always in close contact with the bottom of the well cover 2. Under normal use, the return spring 102 continuously pushes the sliding block 101 into the slot 3 opened on the side of the well cover 2, thereby locking the position of the well cover 2 and preventing the well cover 2 from loosening or shifting. When it is necessary to carry out maintenance work on the underground conductor 5, the sliding block 101 is manually pushed to compress the return spring 102, allowing the sliding block 101 to disengage from the slot 3 and release the limit. The compression spring 104 inside the positioning sleeve 103 then releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the lifting column 105 upward. The lifting column 105 then lifts the well cover 2 upward, realizing the automatic opening of the well cover 2 without tools. After the maintenance work is completed, press down on the manhole cover 2. The edge of the manhole cover 2 squeezes the sliding block 101 and compresses the return spring 102 again. After the manhole cover 2 falls back to the top of the maintenance well 1 and is in place, the return spring 102 automatically rebounds and pushes the sliding block 101 to re-lock into the slot 3, completing the closing and self-locking of the manhole cover 2, which greatly simplifies the opening and closing process of underground cable maintenance.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-hazard coupling protection device for underground cable systems, characterized in that: The system includes a maintenance well (1), a well cover (2) movably fitted to the top of the maintenance well (1), and a slot (3) provided on the side of the well cover (2); a cable conduit (4) fixedly fitted to the side of the maintenance well (1), and a wire (5) fixedly fitted inside the cable conduit (4); a monitoring host (6) fixedly installed on the front of the cable conduit (4); and a monitoring and protection component (7) provided inside the maintenance well (1). An auxiliary component (10) is provided on the top of the inspection well (1). The auxiliary component (10) includes a sliding block (101), a reset spring (102), a positioning sleeve (103), a compression spring (104), and a lifting column (105). The sliding block (101) is movably sleeved on one side of the top of the inspection well (1), and the reset spring (102) is located inside the sliding block (101). The positioning sleeve (103) is fixedly connected to the inner wall side of the inspection well (1), the compression spring (104) is located inside the positioning sleeve (103), and the lifting column (105) is movably sleeved on the top of the positioning sleeve (103). The top of the lifting column (105) is in close contact with the bottom of the well cover (2).

2. The multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring and protection component (7) includes a pressure sensor (71), a humidity sensor (72), an alarm (73), and a display (74). The pressure sensor (71) and humidity sensor (72) are both fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the cable conduit (4). The alarm (73) is fixedly installed below the monitoring host (6). The display (74) is fixedly installed on the front of the monitoring host (6). The output end of the pressure sensor (71) is connected to the input end of the monitoring host (6). The input ends of the display (74) and the alarm (73) are both connected to the output end of the monitoring host (6).

3. A multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the cable tube (4) is provided with a sealing mechanism (8), which includes a sealing cover (81) and a sealing gasket (82). The sealing cover (81) is movably sleeved on the top of the cable tube (4), and the sealing gasket (82) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the sealing cover (81).

4. A multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing gasket (82) is made of silicone.

5. A multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cable conduit (4) is equipped with a waterproof component (9), which includes a protective sleeve (91) and a corrugated sleeve (92). The protective sleeve (91) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the conductor (5) and fixedly installed inside the cable conduit (4). The corrugated sleeve (92) is correspondingly installed at the line bend position of two adjacent protective sleeves 91.

6. A multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The corrugated sleeve (92) is made of polyvinyl chloride.

7. A multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression spring (104) vertically supports the lifting column (105), and the lifting column (105) elastically fits against the bottom of the manhole cover (2).

8. A method for using a multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Cable laying protection: Install protective sleeves (91) in advance on the straight section of the conductor (5), and connect the corrugated sleeves (92) at the bending position of the line. Use the bendable characteristics of the corrugated sleeves (92) to adapt to the wiring direction of the conductor (5), and then insert the whole into the cable pipe (4) to complete the neat laying; then align and fasten the sealing cap (81) on the top of the cable pipe (4) to complete the sealing operation of the cable pipe (4); S2. Real-time environmental monitoring: During normal operation of the line, the pressure sensor (71) installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the cable pipe (4) continuously monitors the pressure changes brought to the conductor (5) by uneven settlement of the stratum and soil compression. The humidity sensor (72) simultaneously and continuously collects the air humidity and water accumulation data inside the cable pipe (4) and transmits the two types of monitoring data to the monitoring host (6) in real time in the form of signals. S3. Data display and early warning: The monitoring host (6) analyzes and processes the received pressure and humidity data, and projects the processed parameters onto the display (74) in real time for maintenance personnel to view intuitively; when the monitored pressure and humidity values ​​exceed the system's preset safety threshold, the monitoring host (6) automatically triggers the alarm (73) to work and issue an audible and visual alarm prompt, so as to realize early warning of multiple disaster hazards; S4. Convenient opening and closing for maintenance: In normal state, the auxiliary component (10) locks the manhole cover (2). When it is necessary to carry out maintenance on the inside of the maintenance well (1) and the cable pipe (4) and wire (5), the auxiliary component (10) is operated to quickly unlock and lift the manhole cover (2). After the maintenance work is completed, the manhole cover (2) is pressed down to make it fall back to its original position. At the same time, the auxiliary component (10) automatically locks the manhole cover (2).

9. The method of using a multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S1, the sealing gasket (82) fixed at the top of the inner cavity of the sealing cover (81) is made of silicone. After the sealing cover (81) is fastened in place, the sealing gasket (82) is tightly pressed against the end face of the cable pipe (4). Relying on the flexible sealing performance of the silicone material, the assembly gap is sealed, effectively blocking surface rainwater and underground seepage water from seeping into the inside of the cable pipe (4) along the gap of the pipe opening, thus achieving water-proof and moisture-proof protection.

10. The method of using a multi-hazard coupling protection device for an underground cable system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S4, under normal conditions, the sliding block (101) is inserted into the slot (3) on the side of the manhole cover (2) under the elastic action of the return spring (102), thereby achieving lateral limiting and fixing of the manhole cover (2). During maintenance, the sliding block (101) is moved laterally to compress the return spring (102), causing the sliding block (101) to disengage from the slot (3) and release the limiting. The compression spring (104) inside the positioning sleeve (103) releases its elastic potential energy and pushes the lifting column (105) upward. The lifting column (105) lifts the manhole cover (2) upward to achieve tool-free quick opening. After maintenance is completed, the manhole cover (2) is pressed down. The side of the manhole cover (2) squeezes the sliding block (101) and compresses the return spring (102) again. After the manhole cover (2) falls to the top of the maintenance well (1) and is in place, the return spring (102) rebounds and pushes the sliding block (101) back into the slot (3), completing the closing and self-locking of the manhole cover (2).

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