Power generation stone composite board

Abstract

The application discloses a power generation stone material composite board, and belongs to the field of green energy and building decoration materials. The composite board comprises a stone material layer, a foamed heat insulation layer, a thermoelectric module, a hot end fin, a cold end fin and a connecting mechanism. The back of the stone material layer is provided with a clamping groove, and the hot end fin is embedded in the clamping groove; the thermoelectric module is distributedly arranged on the back of the stone material layer, and the heat absorption surface of the thermoelectric module is tightly attached to the hot end fin; the foamed heat insulation layer integrally fixes the components; the cold end fin is tightly attached to the heat dissipation surface of the thermoelectric module and is fixed through the embedded connecting mechanism. The application combines the high heat absorption characteristics of natural stone material with the thermoelectric conversion technology, utilizes the distributed thermoelectric module and the heat conduction fin on the back of the stone material, converts the solar heat energy absorbed by the stone material into electric energy, simultaneously reduces the heat conduction to the back of the application through the foamed heat insulation layer, and can utilize the natural heat dissipation of the cavity on the back of the stone material to hang dry, so that the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end is maintained. The composite board completely retains the decoration effect of the stone material, provides clean electric power for the building, has a simple structure and is convenient for large-scale application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of green energy and building decoration materials, specifically a stone composite panel with power generation function. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of building exterior decoration, natural stone is widely used due to its unique texture, excellent weather resistance, and high-end decorative effect. Dark-colored façade stones, especially black and dark green granite, are the preferred materials for high-end building facades. These dark-colored stones have a high absorption rate of solar radiation (typically 0.7–0.9). Under sunny summer weather, after continuous exposure to sunlight, the surface temperature can rise sharply to 60°C–80°C or even higher, accumulating a considerable amount of solar heat energy. However, in current technology, this heat is completely unutilized and ultimately dissipates into the surrounding environment in the form of convection and long-wave radiation. This not only results in a significant waste of energy but also exacerbates the heat gain of the building envelope, increases the cooling load of indoor air conditioning, and intensifies the heat island effect on an urban scale. If this previously wasted heat energy could be effectively collected and converted into electricity, it would provide buildings with a continuous supply of green energy without compromising the natural decorative function of the stone.

[0003] Currently, building facade power generation mainly relies on building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology. However, the appearance and texture of photovoltaic modules differ significantly from natural stone, making it difficult to meet the aesthetic demands of high-end buildings that have strict requirements for stone decoration. Traditional solar thermal utilization devices, such as flat-plate collectors, require fluid circulation pipelines, resulting in complex systems that cannot be organically integrated with decorative stone into a single panel. Existing solutions mostly use artificial heat-absorbing coatings or metal panels, rather than using the natural decorative stone itself as the heat absorber and decorative surface.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need in the existing technology for an integrated stone composite panel that can fully preserve the decorative effect of natural stone, efficiently collect solar heat energy from the surface of the panel, and use this heat energy to generate electricity stably. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems by providing a stone composite panel with power generation function, which aims to retain the decorative function of stone while efficiently converting solar heat energy irradiated on the stone surface into electrical energy.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a power-generating stone composite panel, comprising a stone layer, a foamed insulation layer, a thermoelectric module, hot-end fins, cold-end fins, and a connecting mechanism. The stone layer is plate-shaped, with a decorative stone surface on the front and a slotted structure on the back. The hot-end fins are made of a material with excellent thermal conductivity, and their shape closely matches and is embedded in the slotted structure on the back of the stone layer. The thermoelectric module includes, but is not limited to, Bi2Te3, SnSe, MgAgSb, and various segmented thermoelectric materials, and is distributed on the back of the stone layer. The heat-absorbing surface of the thermoelectric module is in close contact with the hot-end fins and is integrally fixed to the back of the stone layer by the foamed insulation layer. The foamed insulation layer is composed of foamed material and has multiple functions including heat insulation, fixing the thermoelectric module, and the hot-end and cold-end fins. The heat-dissipating surface of the thermoelectric module is in close contact with the cold-end fins, which are made of a material with excellent thermal conductivity. The connecting mechanism is embedded in the foamed insulation layer and is used to fix the cold end fins. The connecting mechanism includes at least one of the following: a snap-fit ​​structure, a spring structure, or a bolt structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the stone layer includes natural stone and artificial stone, with dark-colored stone that has a high absorption rate of solar radiation being preferred.

[0008] Furthermore, the thermoelectric material includes, but is not limited to, Bi2Te3, SnSe, MgAgSb, and various types of segmented thermoelectric materials.

[0009] Furthermore, the groove structure on the back of the stone layer has dovetail tenon features.

[0010] Furthermore, the back of the present invention is provided with a cable network for collecting and transmitting the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric module to subsequent equipment.

[0011] Furthermore, the stone layer is also machined with connection holes for installing stone dry-hanging components.

[0012] The advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention organically combines the heat absorption characteristics of stone with thermoelectric technology, enabling the building exterior wall decorative panel to spontaneously convert solar energy into electrical energy while maintaining the high-end texture and decorative function of natural stone, achieving a perfect unity between decorative materials and green energy production. 2. By opening dovetail tenon grooves on the back of the stone layer and embedding hot-end fins, the defect of low thermal conductivity of the stone itself is overcome, achieving efficient and directional heat conduction from the stone surface to the hot end of the thermoelectric module. Simultaneously, it ensures that the composite layer of this invention will not crack or fall off under repeated temperature rises and falls. 3. The integrated molding process of the foamed insulation layer not only firmly fixes the thermoelectric module and hot-end fins, forming a stable composite structure, but also constructs an effective thermal insulation barrier between the hot surface of the stone and the cold end on the back, preventing heat conduction to the back of the stone composite panel and increasing the usable temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric module. IV. Utilizing the inherent back cavity of the dry-hanging installation of building stone as a heat dissipation channel, natural air convection is formed through the upper and lower ventilation openings, continuously removing heat from the cold-end fins. The operating temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric module can be maintained without additional power, making the system simple and reliable. V. The stone composite panel of this invention has a standardized board structure, high strength, and good waterproof performance. It can seamlessly connect with existing dry-hanging stone systems, facilitating large-scale application in new construction and energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-section of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic horizontal cross-sectional view of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0017] This invention needs to be installed on the exterior facade of a building with ample sunlight. Through a well-designed system, the solar heat accumulated on the stone surface of the building's exterior walls is efficiently collected and converted into electricity to power the building itself or to be fed into the power grid.

[0018] This example is the podium of a public building, with an exterior wall made of polished black granite, covering approximately 500 square meters on the south and southwest sides. The building has underground parking garages on two basement levels.

[0019] according to Figure 1As shown, the power-generating stone composite panel of this embodiment has the structure described in section

[0006] , including: stone layer 1, foamed heat insulation layer 2, thermoelectric module 3, hot end wing 4, cold end wing 5 and connecting mechanism 6.

[0020] The processing steps of this invention are as follows: First, the selected stone layer 1 is processed by polishing its decorative surface and creating multiple slot structures with dovetail tenon features on its back. The hot-end wing 4 is made of 2mm thick aluminum plate, shaped to fit tightly with the slot structure of the stone layer 1, and is embedded into the slots on the back of the stone layer 1 one by one according to the preset distribution points of the thermoelectric modules 3. Then, the heat-absorbing surface of the thermoelectric module 3 is tightly attached to the hot-end wing 4 using thermally conductive adhesive or by pressing, the pre-embedded support points of the connecting mechanism 6 are positioned, and then foam material is injected into the whole to fill the space on the back of the stone layer 1 and form a foam insulation layer 2 of a certain thickness, which is then cured. Because the slot structure has dovetail tenon features, the hot-end wing 4 and the foam insulation layer 2 are firmly and mechanically locked to the stone layer 1, which can effectively avoid the problem of delamination and peeling caused by long-term hot and cold alternation. Finally, the cold end fin 5 is made of 2mm thick aluminum plate and is installed on the heat dissipation surface of the thermoelectric module 3 by means of thermally conductive adhesive or pressing. The locking position of its edge is embedded in the connection mechanism 6 pre-embedded in the foam insulation layer 2 to complete the manufacturing of the composite plate.

[0021] according to Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the installation of this invention is carried out in accordance with the construction technology and quality standards for dry-hanging stone cladding on building exterior walls. This solution fully utilizes the structural characteristics of dry-hanging stone cladding on exterior walls. The stone cladding component 8 leaves a certain cavity between the back of the invention and the building wall 7. Ventilation openings 9 are respectively set at the upper and lower ends of this cavity, with air entering from the lower part and exiting from the upper part, forming a natural chimney effect. This drives air to flow from bottom to top over the surface of the cold end fins 5, continuously carrying away heat, thereby establishing a stable temperature difference between the heat absorption surface and the heat dissipation surface of the thermoelectric module 3.

[0022] The foamed insulation layer 2 plays a key role in this process: on the one hand, it integrates the thermoelectric module 3, the hot end fins 4 and the connecting mechanism 6 into a whole; on the other hand, it effectively blocks the solar heat absorbed by the stone layer 1 from being conducted to the back cavity, ensuring that the back space maintains a relatively low temperature environment.

[0023] In this embodiment, the building has shaded spaces such as underground parking garages on basement levels one and two. The bottom air inlet of the cavity at the back of the invention is connected to the exhaust vent of the underground parking garage space, and a dedicated exhaust duct is installed at the top of the cavity. The relatively constant cool air in the underground parking garage is used as a cold source to supply the cold-end fins. At the same time, the chimney effect formed by the height of the cavity accelerates the air circulation in the underground parking garage, which can improve the efficiency of thermoelectric power generation and improve the air quality of the parking garage.

[0024] According to the actual power demand, the electrodes of each thermoelectric module 3 of the present invention are connected in series or in parallel to form a power generation array, which is then connected to the energy storage device through the controller, and finally the power is transmitted to the power grid or directly supplied to the power-consuming equipment through the inverter.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, BiTe-based semiconductor materials are selected as the core material of the thermoelectric module because they have high thermoelectric conversion efficiency near room temperature. The single-piece size of the thermoelectric module 3 is 40mm × 40mm × 3.4mm. The stone layer 1 is preferably made of black granite that is resistant to acids and alkalis and has high flexural and compressive strength. Through the above optimization measures, under sunny weather conditions, the thermoelectric module 3 of the present invention can maintain a temperature difference of 40°C to 60°C between its hot and cold ends.

[0026] The power generation of this embodiment is explained below with specific data. When the temperature difference between the two ends of a single thermoelectric module 3 is 40°C, its open-circuit voltage is approximately 1.8V and its short-circuit current is approximately 368mA; when the temperature difference reaches 60°C, the open-circuit voltage is approximately 2.4V and the short-circuit current is approximately 469mA. The effective power generation period is set from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM daily, with the 40°C temperature difference condition lasting for 3 hours and the 60°C temperature difference condition lasting for 3 hours. In this embodiment, 49 single thermoelectric modules 3 are arranged within each 0.36 square meter power-generating stone composite panel. Each module can be combined in series and parallel according to actual circuit requirements. The total array power is calculated directly based on the single-module electrical parameters below.

[0027] Within 3 hours with a temperature difference of 40℃, the power of a single cell is approximately 1.8V × 0.368A ≈ 0.662W, and the total power of 49 cells is approximately 0.662W × 49 ≈ 32.46W, generating approximately 32.46W × 3h ≈ 97.4Wh ≈ 0.097 kWh. Within 3 hours with a temperature difference of 60℃, the power of a single cell is approximately 2.4V × 0.469A ≈ 1.126W, and the total power of 49 cells is approximately 1.126W × 49 ≈ 55.17W, generating approximately 55.17W × 3h ≈ 165.5Wh ≈ 0.166 kWh. Therefore, the total daily power generation per 0.36 square meters is approximately 0.263 kWh (approximately 0.26 kWh).

[0028] Calculations show that although the total area of ​​the thermoelectric modules 3 only accounts for 21.8% of the area of ​​the stone layer 1, the entire stone layer 1 has the function of absorbing sunlight. The thermoelectric modules 3 are distributed and installed on the back of the stone layer 1. Heat energy is collected and conducted to the heat-absorbing surface of the thermoelectric modules 3 through the hot-end fins 4, driving the thermoelectric modules 3 to generate electricity. All the above calculations of electrical energy are based on the electrical energy generated by the 21.8% area of ​​the thermoelectric modules 3. Considering the thermal conductivity of the stone layer 1 (approximately 2.6-3.0 W / (m·K) for natural granite), the actual heat flow reaching the thermoelectric modules 3 is approximately 80% of the total heat absorbed by the stone layer 1. To conservatively estimate the power generation, this embodiment is calculated at 80% of the theoretical maximum value.

[0029] Based on the above data, theoretically, each square meter of power-generating stone composite panel can generate approximately 0.263 ÷ 0.36 ≈ 0.73 kWh per day. In this embodiment, we calculate based on 80% conversion: 0.73 × 0.8 ≈ 0.58 kWh. Extrapolating from this, if this building uses 500 square meters of this type of power-generating stone composite panel facade, the daily power generation would be approximately 290 kWh. Assuming an average of 200 effective sunshine days per year in Wuhan, 290 × 200 = 58,000 kWh, meaning the annual power generation in this embodiment is approximately 58,000 kWh. Therefore, it is evident that when this invention is applied on a large scale to building facades, it can provide a considerable amount of clean energy to buildings while fully preserving the decorative function of stone, effectively reducing building operating energy consumption and carbon emissions, demonstrating significant green energy benefits and meeting the needs of future green development. Furthermore, the installation method of this power-generating stone composite panel is compatible with traditional dry-hanging stone cladding, requiring no additional structural reinforcement or changes to the construction process, significantly reducing renovation costs and construction time. Its surface hardness, weather resistance, and anti-pollution performance all meet national building materials testing standards. This technology provides a scalable photovoltaic building material solution for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings and new green buildings.

Claims

1. A power-generating stone composite panel, characterized in that, include: The components include a stone layer, a hot-end fin, a thermoelectric module, a foamed insulation layer, a cold-end fin, and a connecting mechanism. The stone layer is plate-shaped and includes natural stone and artificial stone. Its front side is a decorative stone surface, and its back side is processed with a groove structure. The hot-end fin is made of a thermally conductive material, and its shape is tightly fitted and embedded in the groove structure of the stone layer. The thermoelectric module has a heat-absorbing surface, a heat-dissipating surface, and positive and negative electrodes. Its materials include, but are not limited to, Bi₂Te₃, SnSe, MgAgSb, and various types of segmented thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric modules are distributed on the back of the stone layer. The heat-absorbing surface of the thermoelectric module is in close contact with the hot-end fin, and the heat-dissipating surface is in close contact with the cold-end fin. The foamed insulation layer is made of foamed material and composites and fixes the hot-end fin, thermoelectric module, and connecting mechanism to the back of the stone layer. The cold-end fin is made of thermally conductive material. The connecting mechanism is embedded in the foamed insulation layer for fixing the cold-end fin.

2. The power-generating stone composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove structure on the back of the stone layer has dovetail tenon features.

3. The power-generating stone composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism includes at least one of a snap-fit ​​structure, a spring structure, or a bolt structure.

4. The power-generating stone composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the invention is provided with a cable network.

5. The power-generating stone composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stone layer is machined with connection holes for installing stone dry-hanging components.

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