A construction method of a site imitating rammed earth ground surface

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of site protection and display engineering, and discloses a site rammed earth surface construction method, which comprises the following steps: construction preparation, measurement and line laying, base treatment, rammed earth material mixing, surface pouring, differential surface treatment, maintenance, acceptance, and surface protection agent spraying. High-strength inorganic fine stone concrete with a strength grade not lower than C40 is used as a base material. Through color regulation, gradation adjustment, special silicon gel negative mold pressing, local decoration and other differential processes, three historical ground appearances of rammed earth, raw earth and flower earth can be accurately restored. The base layer is treated by J90 permeable reinforcing agent, double-layer maintenance of non-woven fabric and plastic cloth is carried out, and inorganic silane protection agent is sprayed, so that the unity of high strength, high durability and high environmental protection of the surface layer is realized. The problems of insufficient strength of traditional rammed earth material, low appearance restoration degree and low construction efficiency are solved, and the method is suitable for scenes with double requirements of historical style and bearing capacity, such as site display areas and ancient-style exhibition halls.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of archaeological site protection and display engineering technology, specifically to a method for constructing rammed earth floors for archaeological sites that balances historical appearance restoration, structural strength, and environmental friendliness. Background Technology

[0002] In the preservation and display of historical sites, the ground surface layer must simultaneously meet two core requirements: first, accurately recreate the color, texture, and feel of the historical ground to ensure the authenticity of the cultural display; second, possess sufficient strength, wear resistance, and durability to withstand high-volume visitor traffic and long-term use. Traditional rammed earth flooring construction often uses natural raw soil mixed with binders or low-strength concrete modifiers, which presents the following prominent problems: 1. Insufficient strength and durability: Traditional materials have low compressive strength and poor wear resistance, making it difficult to withstand the daily flow of thousands of people. Their service life is usually only 3-5 years, and subsequent maintenance is frequent and costly. 2. Low visual fidelity: The lack of standardized material customization and process control makes it difficult to accurately distinguish the texture differences between rammed earth, raw earth, and potting soil, resulting in less than 70% visual consistency with the archaeological prototype; 3. Poor construction standardization: The base treatment is simple and the segment positioning accuracy is low, which easily leads to problems such as surface cracking, uneven joints, and uneven color. 4. Low environmental friendliness and efficiency: On-site mixing of materials generates a large amount of dust and waste, resulting in high carbon emissions. Furthermore, the layered compaction process is cumbersome and has a long curing period (usually more than 7 days), which affects the progress of the project. 5. Difficult to maintain in the later stage: The surface layer has poor anti-seepage and anti-fouling performance, making it difficult to clean. After local damage, the repair material has poor compatibility with the original surface layer and is easy to leave obvious marks.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a standardized process, high-performance materials, accurate visual reproduction, and environmentally friendly and efficient construction technology for imitation rammed earth surfaces of archaeological sites to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing simulated rammed earth floors for archaeological sites, which aims to solve the problems of insufficient strength, low visual fidelity, non-standard construction, poor environmental performance, and difficult maintenance in existing construction methods for simulated rammed earth floors for archaeological sites.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted is as follows: A method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site includes the following steps: construction preparation → surveying and setting out → base treatment → mixing of simulated rammed earth materials → surface layer pouring → differentiated surface treatment → curing → acceptance → spraying of surface protective agent.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the construction preparation specifically includes the following steps: jointly with the design institute, the construction party, and the archaeological team, clarify the color parameters (e.g., dark brown for rammed earth, natural color for raw earth, and yellowish-brown base with red brick powder accents for colored earth), texture characteristics (e.g., dense texture for rammed earth, natural texture for raw earth, and mottled layers for colored earth), and texture requirements for the three target ground types: rammed earth, raw earth, and colored earth. Commission a manufacturer to customize and produce high-strength inorganic fine stone concrete material, with a strength grade not lower than C40. Adapt the three visual requirements through color control and workability modification. After the material sample is made and approved by multiple parties, a silicone negative mold is customized based on the sample. The silicone negative mold is customized according to the texture of the approved sample to ensure that the rammed earth texture formed after pressing is more than 90% consistent with the historical prototype.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the measurement and layout specifically includes the following steps: marking the coordinates of the block division boundary lines according to the design drawings, using RTK technology (real-time dynamic positioning technology) to measure and set the coordinates to the concrete foundation, and drawing the block outline with a marker pen to ensure the positioning accuracy of irregular shapes and avoid later block misalignment.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the base treatment specifically includes the following steps: cleaning the loose soil and slurry of the concrete subbase to ensure that the base layer is clean and dry; applying J90 penetrating reinforcing agent to enhance the bonding strength between the base layer and the surface layer and prevent sanding and hollowing; fixing 30-50mm wide aluminum strips along the outline of the slab to divide it into sections, the aluminum strips are reinforced with steel nails, which serve to separate the sections and guide the casting process; applying edible oil to the inside of the aluminum strips to facilitate easy removal after casting and to prevent adhesion to the surface layer material; in the high temperature environment of summer, spraying water on the base layer one hour before casting to fully moisten it, preventing the base layer from absorbing water too quickly and causing the surface layer material to lose water and crack, but ensuring that there is no standing water on the base layer.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation of the simulated rammed earth material specifically includes the following steps: adding water to the customized high-strength inorganic fine stone concrete material according to its type and proportion, and stirring with a handheld electric mixer for no less than 120 seconds until it is uniformly mixed, free of lumps, and has moderate fluidity, ensuring that it can fully fill the slab after pouring and is easy to surface treat. The high-strength inorganic fine stone concrete material is treated with gradation adjustment and color powder addition to meet the three visual requirements of dense texture of rammed earth, natural simplicity of raw soil, and mottled layers of floral soil.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the surface layer casting specifically includes the following steps: Plane casting: Transport the mixed material to the corresponding slab partition area one bucket at a time, and cast it in one go to form a 30-50mm thick surface layer. Press and smooth it with a wooden trowel to ensure that the edges of the aluminum strips are filled and flush with the top surface of the aluminum strips, and avoid creating holes, honeycomb or uneven joints; rammed earth slabs and raw soil slabs are cast separately, and the materials must not be mixed. Facade pouring: For structures with facades, such as three-story platforms, use a wooden trowel to pour the concrete in layers, with each layer ≤15mm thick. After pouring, let it stand for half an hour to ensure the facade is stable and avoid dripping and deformation.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the differentiated surface treatment specifically includes the following steps: for the rammed earth appearance panel, a silicone negative mold coated with edible oil is inverted and pressed onto the uncured surface layer and then removed; for the floral soil appearance panel, crushed red brick powder is mixed with water and then partially applied through a sieve; for the opposing surface, when there is no fingerprint when pressed by hand, a trowel is used to scrape the surface to form a layered rammed effect.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the curing specifically includes the following steps: after the surface treatment is completed, the surface is cured for no less than 2-3 days by using the method of "non-woven fabric overhead covering + plastic sheet wrapping", keeping the surface moist and avoiding direct contact with the covering material. During the curing process, wind and sun exposure must be avoided, and people are prohibited from stepping on the surface before the surface strength reaches 70% of the design strength.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the acceptance and protection specifically includes the following steps: after the curing period is over, acceptance is carried out, and unqualified parts are cut off and recast; after acceptance is qualified, the next step of surface protective agent spraying is carried out.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the surface protective agent spraying specifically involves spraying an inorganic silane protective agent onto the surface layer.

[0015] The method described in this invention is suitable for site display areas, antique museum exhibition halls, and pedestrian walkways in historical and cultural blocks where there is a high demand for both ground strength and historical aesthetics. However, it is not suitable for areas with long-term water accumulation, excessively high groundwater levels, or areas subjected to heavy equipment.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Significantly improved strength and durability: Made of C40 and above high-strength inorganic fine stone concrete, with a surface compressive strength ≥40MPa and flexural strength ≥5.0MPa. It has better wear resistance than traditional materials, can withstand a daily flow of more than 3,000 people, and has a service life of more than 15 years, greatly reducing the cost of later maintenance. 2. Precise and controllable visual reproduction: Through processes such as material customization, silicone mold pressing, and partial embellishment, the three historical ground effects are consistent with the design and archaeological requirements by more than 90%, ensuring the authenticity of the cultural display; 3. Standardized and efficient construction: The process is standardized, the measurement and layout are accurate, the base treatment is solid, and the pouring and surface treatment are coordinated. There is no need for layered compaction, and the curing cycle is only 2-3 days (70% of the design strength is reached in 1 day), which greatly shortens the construction period. 4. Excellent environmental protection and compatibility: The materials are centrally produced and bagged by the manufacturer, and only water needs to be added and mixed on site, resulting in no dust pollution and reduced carbon emissions; the construction process causes minimal disturbance to the site itself and emits no pollutants, meeting the environmental protection requirements for site protection. 5. Convenient maintenance: After the surface layer is treated with inorganic silane protective agent, it has excellent anti-seepage and anti-fouling properties, and daily cleaning is simple; local damage can be repaired with the same material, and there are no obvious traces after repair, resulting in a uniform appearance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a simulated distribution diagram of the platform slabs of the Taosi Site Observatory in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A photograph of the Taosi site observatory after construction using the method described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] Example: Protection and Display Project of the Taosi Site Observatory Project Overview: This project is a core display unit of the Taosi National Archaeological Site Park, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the observatory site has a semi-circular layout and includes a three-tiered platform structure. The platform base is an irregular "Tai Chi" shape. It needs to simulate and display the effects of three historical ground surfaces: raw soil, rammed earth, and colored soil. It is required to accommodate more than 3,000 visitors per day and the visual experience must be consistent with the archaeological prototype.

[0021] Construction parameters: Materials: C40 high-strength inorganic fine aggregate concrete (53t each of rammed earth type, raw soil type, and potting soil type, totaling 160t); Materials needed for each section: 300 meters of 30mm wide aluminum strips, 500 steel nails, and 40kg of cooking oil; Reinforcement and maintenance materials: 500 kg of J90 penetrating reinforcement agent, 300 m² of non-woven fabric, and 300 m² of plastic sheeting; Mold and auxiliary materials: 200kg of silicone negative mold making material, 100kg of crushed red brick powder; Equipment: 4 handheld electric mixers, 10 wooden trowels and 10 iron trowels, 2 handcarts, 1 RTK positioning device, and 1 high-pressure spraying device.

[0022] The construction process is as follows: Construction Preparation: In conjunction with the design institute, the construction party, and the archaeological team, the color parameters (e.g., dark brown for rammed earth, natural color for raw earth, and yellowish-brown base with red brick powder accents for colored earth) and texture characteristics (e.g., dense texture for rammed earth, natural texture for raw earth, and mottled layers for colored earth) and texture requirements for the three target ground types—rammed earth, raw earth, and colored earth—were clearly defined. A manufacturer was commissioned to custom-produce high-strength inorganic fine-aggregate concrete material with a strength grade no lower than C40. Color control and workability modification were used to adapt to the three visual requirements. After material samples were made and approved by multiple parties, silicone molds were custom-made based on the samples. These silicone molds were customized according to the texture of the approved samples to ensure that the rammed earth texture formed after pressing was more than 90% consistent with the historical prototype.

[0023] Measurement and layout: Based on the coordinates of the section division boundary lines marked on the design drawings, the coordinates of the "Tai Chi" shaped platform section are measured and set out using RTK technology (real-time dynamic positioning technology), with an outline deviation of ≤3mm.

[0024] Base treatment: Clean the loose soil and slurry from the concrete base layer to ensure the base layer is clean and dry. Apply J90 penetrating reinforcing agent to enhance the adhesion between the base layer and the surface layer and prevent sanding and hollowing. Fix 30-50mm wide aluminum strips along the outline of the slab to divide it into sections. The aluminum strips are reinforced with steel nails and serve to separate the sections and guide the pouring process. Coat the inside of the aluminum strips with edible oil to facilitate easy removal after pouring and to prevent them from sticking to the surface material. In high-temperature summer environments, spray water on the base layer one hour before pouring to fully moisten it and prevent the surface material from drying out and cracking due to excessive water absorption. However, ensure that there is no standing water on the base layer.

[0025] Preparation of rammed earth-like material: Customized high-strength inorganic fine-aggregate concrete material is mixed with water according to its type and proportion, and stirred for at least 120 seconds using a handheld electric mixer until it is uniformly mixed, free of lumps, and has moderate fluidity, ensuring that it can fully fill the slab after pouring and facilitate surface treatment. The high-strength inorganic fine-aggregate concrete material undergoes gradation adjustment and color powder addition treatment to meet three visual requirements: the dense texture of rammed earth, the natural simplicity of raw soil, and the mottled layers of floral soil.

[0026] The surface layer pouring process includes the following steps: Plane casting: Transport the mixed material to the corresponding slab partition area one bucket at a time, and cast it in one go to form a 30-50mm thick surface layer. Press and smooth it with a wooden trowel to ensure that the edges of the aluminum strips are filled and flush with the top surface of the aluminum strips, and avoid creating holes, honeycomb or uneven joints; rammed earth slabs and raw soil slabs are cast separately, and the materials must not be mixed. Facade pouring: For structures with facades, such as three-story platforms, use a wooden trowel to pour the concrete in layers, with each layer ≤15mm thick. After pouring, let it stand for half an hour to ensure the facade is stable and avoid dripping and deformation.

[0027] Differentiated surface treatment specifically includes the following steps: Rammed earth section: Before the surface material has fully set (1-2 hours after pouring), place the silicone negative mold coated with edible oil upside down on the surface and press it evenly to ensure that the mold and the material are fully in contact. After each part is pressed in place, slowly remove the negative mold. The surface of the surface will then form a dense texture consistent with the historical rammed earth. Floral soil section: After the surface layer is poured, mix crushed red brick powder with water to form a paste, and evenly spread it on local areas of the surface layer through a 20-mesh sieve to create a mottled and layered floral soil effect. The amount of soil spread should be adjusted according to the design requirements (e.g., 50-80g per square meter). Facade treatment: When the surface of the facade material leaves no fingerprint when lightly pressed by hand (after standing for half an hour), use a trowel to manually scratch it to simulate the natural undulation effect of historical rammed earth layering. The scratching depth is controlled at 2-3mm to ensure clear layers without damaging the structure.

[0028] Curing: Use a "non-woven fabric overlay + plastic sheet wrapping" method for curing. After the surface treatment is completed, immediately lay the non-woven fabric over the surface layer (using a support frame to avoid direct contact with the surface layer), and lightly sprinkle water to moisten it; then cover the outside of the non-woven fabric with plastic sheet to form a double-layer moisture-retaining curing structure; the curing time should be no less than 2-3 days, during which time the covering should be kept intact to avoid wind, sun exposure, and rain erosion; people are prohibited from stepping on the surface layer until the surface layer strength reaches 70% of the design strength.

[0029] Acceptance and protection: After the curing period, the acceptance rate is 98%. After local repairs, an inorganic silane protective agent is sprayed on.

[0030] Acceptance shall be conducted according to the following standards: Appearance quality: uniform color, clear texture, no defects such as cracks, hollows, chipped corners, or uneven color; Dimensional deviation: The shape of the panel is consistent with the design drawings, the surface layer thickness is 30-50mm, and the deviation is ≤±2mm; Strength properties: Sampling tests showed compressive strength ≥ 40 MPa and flexural strength ≥ 5.0 MPa; Repair treatment: For unqualified parts (such as color deviation, texture mismatch, local damage), use a cutting machine to cut and remove them, clean them, and then recast and treat them with the same material to ensure that the repaired parts are consistent with the surrounding appearance.

[0031] Surface protective agent spraying: A layer of inorganic silane protective agent is evenly applied to the surface using high-pressure spraying equipment, with a spraying amount of 0.2-0.3 kg / m². 2 This ensures complete coverage; the protective agent forms a dense protective film on the surface, enhancing impermeability, stain resistance, and UV aging resistance, extending the time it retains its appearance, and daily cleaning only requires rinsing with water.

[0032] Implementation results: such as Figure 2 As shown, after construction, the surface color and texture are highly consistent with the historical prototype. Tests show that the compressive strength reaches 42MPa and the flexural strength reaches 5.3MPa. After three years of use, there is no obvious wear, cracking or fading. It can be kept clean by daily rinsing with water. It has won unanimous praise from cultural relics experts at all levels, as well as the construction and supervision parties.

[0033] This invention achieves a perfect balance between historical restoration and modern usability through standardized construction processes, customized high-performance materials, and precise process control. It provides a reliable technical solution for site protection and display projects, and can be widely applied to various site display areas, antique museum exhibition halls, and pedestrian walkways in historical and cultural districts, yielding significant economic and social benefits. The method described in this invention is suitable for site display areas, antique museum exhibition halls, and pedestrian walkways in historical and cultural districts where there is high foot traffic and a dual requirement for ground strength and historical aesthetics. However, it is not suitable for areas with long-term water accumulation, high groundwater levels, or areas subjected to heavy equipment.

[0034] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, component splitting or combination, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for archaeological sites, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: construction preparation → surveying and setting out → base treatment → mixing of imitation rammed earth material → surface layer pouring → differentiated surface treatment → curing → acceptance → spraying of surface protective agent.

2. The method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction preparation specifically includes the following steps: jointly determining the color and texture requirements of the target ground with the design institute, the construction party and the archaeological team, commissioning the manufacturer to customize and produce high-strength inorganic fine stone concrete material, and the strength grade of the material is not lower than C40, and adapting to three visual requirements through color control and workability modification; making material samples and after passing multiple acceptance tests, customizing silicone negative molds based on the samples.

3. The method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement and layout process specifically includes the following steps: marking the coordinates of the block division boundary lines according to the design drawings, using RTK technology to measure the coordinates to the concrete foundation, and drawing the block outline with a marker pen.

4. The method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of the base treatment include: cleaning the loose soil and slurry of the concrete subbase, applying J90 penetrating reinforcing agent; fixing 30-50mm wide aluminum strips along the outline of the slab to divide it into sections, applying edible oil to the inside of the aluminum strips, and sprinkling water to fully moisten the base before pouring in summer.

5. The method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the simulated rammed earth material includes the following steps: adding water to the customized high-strength inorganic fine stone concrete material according to the category and proportion, and stirring with a handheld electric mixer for no less than 120 seconds until it is evenly mixed; the high-strength inorganic fine stone concrete material is treated with gradation adjustment and color powder addition to meet the three visual requirements of dense texture of rammed earth, natural simplicity of raw soil, and mottled layers of flower soil.

6. The method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface layer pouring specifically includes the following steps: Plane casting: Transport the mixed material to the corresponding slab partition area one bucket at a time, and cast it in one go to form a 30-50mm thick surface layer. Press and smooth it with a wooden trowel to ensure that the edges of the aluminum strips are filled and flush with the top surface of the aluminum strips, and avoid creating holes, honeycomb or uneven joints; rammed earth slabs and raw soil slabs are cast separately, and the materials must not be mixed. Facade pouring: For structures with facades, such as three-story platforms, use a wooden trowel to pour the concrete in layers, with each layer ≤15mm thick. After pouring, let it stand for half an hour to ensure the facade is stable and avoid dripping and deformation.

7. The method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differentiated surface treatment specifically includes the following steps: for rammed earth appearance panels, a silicone negative mold coated with edible oil is inverted onto the uncured surface layer, pressed into shape, and then removed; for floral soil appearance panels, crushed red brick powder is mixed with water and then applied locally through a sieve; for opposing surfaces, when there are no fingerprints when pressed by hand, a trowel is used to scratch the surface to create a layered rammed effect.

8. The method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maintenance process includes the following steps: After the surface treatment is completed, the surface is maintained for no less than 2-3 days by using a "non-woven fabric overhead cover + plastic sheet wrapping" method. Keep the surface moist and avoid direct contact with the covering material. During the maintenance process, avoid wind and sun exposure. People are prohibited from stepping on the surface before the surface strength reaches 70% of the design strength.

9. A method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acceptance and protection process includes the following steps: after the curing period, acceptance is carried out, and unqualified parts are cut off and re-poured; after acceptance is passed, the next step of surface protective agent spraying is carried out.

10. A method for constructing a simulated rammed earth floor for a historical site according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface protective agent spraying specifically involves spraying an inorganic silane protective agent onto the surface layer.

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