Anti-impact anchor rod of energy-absorbing support and supporting method

Abstract

The application discloses an impact-preventing anchor rod of energy-absorbing support and a supporting method, and belongs to the technical field of anchor rod support. The anchor rod is provided with a grouting anchor rod, a cylinder sleeve rod one and an energy-absorbing impact-preventing section which are alternately sleeved outside the grouting anchor rod and form an annular cylinder cavity. The energy-absorbing impact-preventing section comprises a cylinder sleeve rod two, the cylinder sleeve rod two is internally provided with a rotating cylinder ring which can rotate in a circumferential direction, the rotating cylinder ring is connected with an extension rod which slides along a spiral sliding port, the extension rod is provided with an energy-absorbing arc plate at an end portion, and the energy-absorbing arc plate is filled with pressure and released from pressure through a gas passage and a one-way sealing head. When the energy-absorbing arc plate is impacted, on one hand, the energy-absorbing arc plate is radially elastically deformed to absorb energy, and on the other hand, the energy-absorbing arc plate is twisted and slid along the spiral sliding port to disperse impact energy, so that omnidirectional double energy-absorbing buffering is realized, and the support strength and stability of the anchor rod are significantly enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anchor bolt support technology, specifically to an energy-absorbing, impact-resistant anchor bolt and its support method. Background Technology

[0002] Rockbursts are a common dynamic disaster in mining operations, characterized by their sudden occurrence and destructive force. Under rockburst conditions, the surrounding rock of the roadway undergoes severe deformation and impact vibration, causing enormous dynamic load impact on the support structure. In existing technologies, conventional anchor bolts mainly provide support force through grouting anchoring and bolt body strength. However, when subjected to rockburst, the anchor bolt body directly bears the impact load, lacking an effective buffering and energy absorption mechanism. This makes it prone to anchor bolt yielding, fracture, or even failure, leading to overall instability of the support system and making it difficult to ensure safe support of the roadway under rockburst conditions.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an impact-resistant anchor bolt that can buffer energy absorption, improve support strength and stability under impact and vibration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an energy-absorbing and shock-resistant anchor bolt and support method that addresses the lack of buffering and energy absorption mechanism and the tendency for yielding or fracture failure of existing anchor bolts under impact pressure conditions.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an energy-absorbing support anti-impact anchor bolt, including a grouting anchor bolt 1. A sleeve rod 4 and an energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5 are alternately sleeved on the outside of the grouting anchor bolt 1. An annular cavity 6 is formed between the sleeve rod 4, the energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5, and the grouting anchor bolt 1. An anchor seat 3 and an anchor head 2 are respectively installed at both ends of the grouting anchor bolt 1, and the anchor seat 3 and the anchor head 2 respectively seal both ends of the annular cavity 6. A conduit 31 communicating with the annular cavity 6 is provided on the anchor seat 3, and an air valve 32 is installed on the conduit 31. The energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5 includes a valve for connecting with the sleeve rod 4 and the energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5. The sleeve rod 4 is connected to the sleeve rod 2 51. The sleeve rod 2 51 is equipped with a rotating ring 52 that can rotate circumferentially relative to the grouting anchor rod 1. The sleeve rod 2 51 is equipped with a spiral sliding port 5131. The rotating ring 52 is connected to a telescopic rod 56 that is slidably connected to the spiral sliding port 5131. An energy-absorbing arc plate 57 is installed at the end of the telescopic rod 56 away from the annular cylinder cavity 6. A gas passage is provided between the annular cylinder cavity 6 and the cylinder cavity of the telescopic rod 56. A one-way sealing head 8 is provided in the gas passage. A one-way sealing head 2 5621 for controlling gas release is provided in the cylinder cavity of the telescopic rod 56.

[0006] Preferably, the sleeve rod 2 51 includes a connecting sleeve 1 511, a connecting sleeve 2 512, and a connecting sleeve 3 513. The shell of the connecting sleeve 2 512 is provided with an annular groove 5121. The connecting sleeve 2 512 is installed at both ends of the connecting sleeve 1 511, and the two ends of the connecting sleeve 1 511 are respectively connected to the inner walls of the annular groove 5121 on both sides. The outer walls of the annular groove 5121 on both sides are connected by the connecting sleeve 3 513. An annular cavity 514 is formed between the connecting sleeve 3 513 and the connecting sleeve 1 511. A rotating ring 52 is provided in the annular cavity 514. Sealing ring plugs 53 are installed at both ends of the rotating ring 52, and the sealing ring plugs 53 at both ends of the rotating ring 52 are tightly fitted to the annular groove 5121 on both sides.

[0007] Preferably, a sealing ring cavity 55 is formed between the rotating ring 52 and the connecting cylinder 511. The connecting cylinder 511 has a through hole 5111 for connecting the annular cavity 6 and the sealing ring cavity 55. The inner wall of the annular groove cavity 5121 has a through hole 5122 for connecting the annular cavity 6 and the annular groove cavity 5121. The outer wall of the annular groove cavity 5121 has a through hole 5123 for connecting the annular groove cavity 5121 and the outside of the connecting cylinder 5122. A one-way sealing head 8 is provided in the through hole 5111, the through hole 5122 and the through hole 5123 respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the telescopic rod 56 includes a sliding sleeve 563 that is slidably connected to the spiral sliding port 5131. A fixed cylinder 561 is fixed inside the sliding sleeve 563. One end of the fixed cylinder 561 is connected to the sealing ring cavity 55. The other end of the fixed cylinder 561 is slidably connected to a sliding cylinder 562. The end of the sliding cylinder 562 away from the fixed cylinder 561 is fixed to the energy-absorbing arc plate 57. The energy-absorbing arc plate 57 and the sliding sleeve 563 are connected by a second spring 564. A second one-way sealing head 5621 is installed in the sliding cylinder 562. The second one-way sealing head 5621 has the same structure as the first one-way sealing head 8.

[0009] Preferably, the one-way sealing head 8 includes a sealing sleeve 81. One end of the cavity of the sealing sleeve 81 is fixed with a fixing ring plug 82. The other end of the cavity of the sealing sleeve 81 is slidably connected with a slide rod 83 that passes through the fixing ring plug 82. The slide rod 83 has an inverted T-shaped structure. The end of the slide rod 83 away from the fixing ring plug 82 is connected to the fixing ring plug 82 by a spring 84. The slide rod 83 is provided with an air passage 831 and an air nozzle 832. The air nozzle 832 is connected to the air passage 831 and is located on one side of the fixing ring plug 82. The inlet of the air passage 831 is located on the side away from the fixing ring plug 82.

[0010] Preferably, a spring 54 is provided in the annular groove 5121, one end of the spring 54 is in contact with the bottom of the annular groove 5121, and the other end of the spring 54 is in contact with the sealing ring plug 53.

[0011] Preferably, a shock-absorbing sleeve 7 is provided on the inner wall of the end of the connecting cylinder 2 512 away from the connecting cylinder 1 511. The shock-absorbing sleeve 7 is fitted on the outside of the grouting anchor rod 1, and the shock-absorbing sleeve 7 is provided with an air guide hole 71 that connects the outer spaces of the two ends of the shock-absorbing sleeve 7 in the axial direction.

[0012] Preferably, the outer wall of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 is provided with a plurality of cross-shaped stabilizing keys 571, and the outer periphery of the inner arc wall of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 is provided with an airbag ring 58. The outer side of the airbag ring 58 is connected to the energy-absorbing arc plate 57, and the inner side of the airbag ring 58 is in contact with the outer wall of the connecting cylinder 513. At both ends of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57, there are also airbag rings 59 that are sleeved on the outside of the connecting cylinder 513. There are a plurality of airbag rings 59 distributed along the axial direction. The plurality of airbag rings 59 are interconnected, and the airbag rings 59 closer to the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 are connected to the end of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57.

[0013] Preferably, the conduit 31 is also provided with a pressure sensor 33 for monitoring the pressure of the annular cavity 6.

[0014] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention also provides a support method for energy-absorbing support, which uses the above-mentioned energy-absorbing support and impact-resistant anchor bolts, and includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Place a set of sleeve rods 4 on the outside of the grouting anchor rod 1 and connect it to the anchor head 2, then insert it into the preset borehole;

[0016] Step II: Then, connect multiple sets of energy-absorbing and anti-impact sections 5 and sleeve rods 4 alternately and fit them on the outside of the grouting anchor rod 1 until the anchor head 2 reaches the bottom of the borehole, and install the anchor seat 3 on the borehole opening.

[0017] Step III: Pressurize the annular cavity 6 to a certain pressure through the conduit 31;

[0018] Step IV: Grouting and solidification are carried out in the borehole through grouting anchor rod 1.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This invention, through the structural design of the energy-absorbing and anti-impact section 5, enables the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 to undergo radial expansion and contraction deformation in the grouting anchor rod 1 when subjected to impact vibration. This deformation buffers and absorbs the energy of the impact vibration. Furthermore, the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 can also rotate and slide along the spiral sliding opening 5131, thereby dispersing and buffering the energy of the impact vibration. In other words, it guides the direction of the impact vibration, preventing the impact force from acting directly on the grouting anchor rod 1. Thus, while deforming and buffering the energy of the impact vibration, it disperses and weakens the impact vibration energy, enhancing the support strength and stability of the grouting anchor rod 1.

[0021] In addition, through the design of structures such as the annular cavity 6 and the energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5, the elastic support strength of the telescopic rod 56 to the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 is adjustable, so as to meet the deformation and reset requirements of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57, and release the energy absorbed and converted by the telescopic rod 56, ensuring the support stability and safety of the telescopic rod 56, and safely releasing the pressure in the annular groove cavity 5121, thereby reducing the energy accumulation inside the energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-impact anchor bolt in this invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the anchorage in this invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing and shock-preventing section in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the anchor head in this invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed cylinder and the sliding cylinder in this invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the one-way sealing head in this invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sleeve rod two in this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral sliding joint in this invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of airbag ring one and airbag ring two in this invention;

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Grouting anchor; 2. Anchor head; 3. Anchor seat; 4. Sleeve rod one; 5. Energy-absorbing and anti-impact section; 6. Annular cylinder cavity; 7. Vibration-damping sleeve; 8. One-way sealing head one; 31. Conduit; 32. Air valve; 33. Pressure sensor; 51. Sleeve rod two; 52. Rotary cylinder ring; 53. Sealing ring plug; 54. Spring one; 55. Sealing ring cavity; 56. Telescopic rod; 57. Energy-absorbing arc plate; 58. Airbag ring one; 59. Airbag ring two; 511. Connecting cylinder one; 512. Connecting cylinder two; 513. Connecting cylinder three; 514. Annular cavity; 5111. Through hole one; 5121. Annular groove; 5122. Through hole two; 5123. Through hole three; 5131. Spiral slide; 561. Fixed cylinder; 562. Slide cylinder; 563. Sliding sleeve; 564. Spring two; 5621. One-way sealing head two; 571. Cross-shaped stabilizing key; 71. Air guide hole; 81. Sealing sleeve; 82. Fixed ring plug; 83. Slide rod; 84. Spring three; 831. Air passage; 832. Air nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Reference Figures 1 to 9 This invention provides a technical solution: an energy-absorbing support anti-impact anchor bolt, comprising a grouting anchor bolt 1, with a sleeve rod 4 and an energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5 alternately sleeved on the outside of the grouting anchor bolt 1. An annular cavity 6 is formed between the sleeve rod 4, the energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5, and the grouting anchor bolt 1. An anchor seat 3 and an anchor head 2 are respectively installed at both ends of the grouting anchor bolt 1, and the anchor seat 3 and the anchor head 2 respectively seal both ends of the annular cavity 6. The anchor seat 3 is provided with a conduit 31 communicating with the annular cavity 6, and an air valve 32 is installed on the conduit 31. The energy-absorbing anti-impact section 5 includes a section for connecting with the sleeve rod. The sleeve rod 51 connected to the grouting anchor rod 1 has a rotating ring 52 that can rotate circumferentially relative to the grouting anchor rod 1. The sleeve rod 51 has a spiral sliding port 5131. The rotating ring 52 is connected to a telescopic rod 56 that is slidably connected to the spiral sliding port 5131. An energy-absorbing arc plate 57 is installed at the end of the telescopic rod 56 away from the annular cavity 6. A gas passage is provided between the annular cavity 6 and the cavity of the telescopic rod 56. A one-way sealing head 8 is provided in the gas passage. A one-way sealing head 5621 for controlling gas release is provided in the cavity of the telescopic rod 56.

[0033] The sleeve rod 51 includes a first connecting sleeve 511, a second connecting sleeve 512, and a third connecting sleeve 513. The shell of the second connecting sleeve 512 is provided with an annular groove 5121. The second connecting sleeve 512 is installed at both ends of the first connecting sleeve 511, and the two ends of the first connecting sleeve 511 are respectively connected to the inner walls of the annular groove 5121 on both sides. The outer walls of the annular groove 5121 on both sides are connected by the third connecting sleeve 513. An annular cavity 514 is formed between the third connecting sleeve 513 and the first connecting sleeve 511. A rotating ring 52 is provided in the annular cavity 514. Sealing ring plugs 53 are installed at both ends of the rotating ring 52, and the sealing ring plugs 53 at both ends of the rotating ring 52 are tightly fitted to the annular groove 5121 on both sides.

[0034] A sealing ring cavity 55 is formed between the rotating ring 52 and the connecting cylinder 511. The connecting cylinder 511 has a through hole 5111 for connecting the annular cavity 6 and the sealing ring cavity 55. The inner wall of the annular groove cavity 5121 has a through hole 5122 for connecting the annular cavity 6 and the annular groove cavity 5121. The outer wall of the annular groove cavity 5121 has a through hole 5123 for connecting the annular groove cavity 5121 and the outside of the connecting cylinder 512. A one-way sealing head 8 is provided in the through hole 5111, the through hole 5122 and the through hole 5123 respectively. The one-way sealing head 8 in through hole 1 5111 allows gas in the annular cylinder cavity 6 to enter the sealing ring cavity 55 in one direction. The one-way sealing head 8 in through hole 2 5122 allows gas in the annular cylinder cavity 6 to enter the annular groove cavity 5121 in one direction. The one-way sealing head 8 in through hole 3 5123 allows gas in the annular groove cavity 5121 to be discharged to the outside of the connecting cylinder 2 512 in one direction.

[0035] The telescopic rod 56 includes a sliding sleeve 563 that is slidably connected to the spiral sliding port 5131. A fixed cylinder 561 is fixed inside the sliding sleeve 563. One end of the fixed cylinder 561 is connected to the sealing ring cavity 55. The other end of the fixed cylinder 561 is slidably connected to a sliding cylinder 562. The end of the sliding cylinder 562 away from the fixed cylinder 561 is fixed to the energy-absorbing arc plate 57. The energy-absorbing arc plate 57 and the sliding sleeve 563 are connected by a second spring 564. A second one-way sealing head 5621 is installed in the sliding cylinder 562. The second one-way sealing head 5621 has the same structure as the first one-way sealing head 8.

[0036] The one-way sealing head 8 includes a sealing sleeve 81. One end of the cavity of the sealing sleeve 81 is fixed with a fixing ring plug 82. The other end of the cavity of the sealing sleeve 81 is slidably connected with a slide rod 83 that passes through the fixing ring plug 82. The slide rod 83 has an inverted T-shaped structure. The end of the slide rod 83 away from the fixing ring plug 82 is connected to the fixing ring plug 82 by a spring 84. The slide rod 83 is provided with an air passage 831 and an air nozzle 832. The air nozzle 832 is connected to the air passage 831 and is located on one side of the fixing ring plug 82. The inlet of the air passage 831 is located on the side away from the fixing ring plug 82. When the one-way sealing head 8 in through hole 1 5111 is installed, the inlet direction of the one-way sealing head 8 is connected to the annular cavity 6; when the one-way sealing head 8 in through hole 2 5122 is installed, the inlet direction of the one-way sealing head 8 is connected to the annular cavity 6; when the one-way sealing head 8 in through hole 3 5123 is installed, the inlet direction of the one-way sealing head 8 is connected to the annular groove cavity 5121; when the one-way sealing head 2 5621 in sliding cylinder 562 is installed, the inlet direction of the one-way sealing head 2 5621 is connected to the cavity of fixed cylinder 561.

[0037] A spring 54 is provided in the annular groove 5121. One end of the spring 54 contacts the bottom of the annular groove 5121, and the other end of the spring 54 contacts the sealing ring plug 53, so as to improve the stability and impact resistance of the axial movement of the rotating drum ring 52.

[0038] A shock-absorbing sleeve 7 is provided on the inner wall of the end of the connecting cylinder 2 512 away from the connecting cylinder 1 511. The shock-absorbing sleeve 7 is fitted on the outside of the grouting anchor rod 1, and the shock-absorbing sleeve 7 is provided with an air guide hole 71 that connects the outer space of the two ends of the shock-absorbing sleeve 7 in the axial direction, so as to reduce the impact vibration intensity on the grouting anchor rod 1, and at the same time improve the support strength and support stability between the grouting anchor rod 1, the sleeve rod 4, and the energy-absorbing and anti-impact section 5.

[0039] The outer wall of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 is provided with multiple cross-shaped stabilizing keys 571 to improve the roughness of the outer surface of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 and enhance the stability of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 in contact with the outside. An airbag ring 58 is provided around the inner arc wall of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57. The outer side of the airbag ring 58 is connected to the energy-absorbing arc plate 57, and the inner side of the airbag ring 58 is in contact with the outer wall of the connecting cylinder 513. The airbag ring 58 is used to seal the inner space of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 and provides stable deformation and movement for the energy-absorbing arc plate 57. Both ends of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 are respectively provided with airbag rings 2 59 that are sleeved on the outside of the connecting cylinder 3 513. There are multiple airbag rings 2 59 distributed along the axial direction. The multiple airbag rings 2 59 are connected to each other, and the airbag rings 2 59 near the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 are connected to the end of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57. The airbag rings 2 59 are used to reserve a certain movable space for both ends of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 so that the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 can move axially.

[0040] The conduit 31 is also equipped with a pressure sensor 33 for monitoring the pressure in the annular cavity 6, so as to adjust the air pressure in the annular cavity 6, the annular groove cavity 5121 and the sealing ring cavity 55 in a timely manner.

[0041] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0042] Initial pressurization stage: Compressed gas is injected into the annular cylinder cavity 6 through the conduit 31. The gas enters the sealing ring cavity 55 through the one-way sealing head 8 in the through hole 1 5111, and then enters the fixed cylinder 561 of each telescopic rod 56. At the same time, the gas enters the annular groove cavity 5121 through the one-way sealing head 8 in the through hole 2 5122, so that each chamber establishes the initial working gas pressure.

[0043] Impact energy absorption stage: When the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 is subjected to impact vibration, the impact force is buffered and dissipated through the following two paths:

[0044] Radial direction: The energy-absorbing arc plate 57 compresses towards the radial inner side of the grouting anchor rod 1, pushing the slide cylinder 562 to slide along the fixed cylinder 561, compressing the gas inside the fixed cylinder 561, converting the impact kinetic energy into gas compression energy and the elastic potential energy of the spring 564, thereby deforming and buffering the impact vibration it receives.

[0045] In the circumferential direction: the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 generates torsional sliding along the spiral slide 5131, which drives the telescopic rod 56 and the rotating cylinder ring 52 to rotate. The sealing ring plug 53 compresses the spring-54, converting the remaining impact kinetic energy into the rotational kinetic energy of the rotating cylinder ring 52 and the elastic potential energy of the spring-54, thereby guiding the direction of the impact vibration.

[0046] Radial buffering and circumferential torsional buffering occur simultaneously and work together to decompose impact vibrations from any direction into two components: radial compression and circumferential torsion, thus achieving energy dissipation in all directions.

[0047] Pressure relief phase: When the air pressure inside the fixed cylinder 561 reaches the safe pressure value, the one-way sealing head 2 5621 automatically opens, and the gas is discharged to the outside of the sliding cylinder 562 through the one-way sealing head 2 5621, releasing the pressure inside the fixed cylinder 561 and releasing the energy absorbed and converted by the telescopic rod 56, ensuring the support stability and safety of the telescopic rod 56. At the same time, when the air pressure inside the annular groove cavity 5121 rises above the safe pressure value, the gas is discharged to the outside of the connecting cylinder 2 512 through the one-way sealing head 8 in the through hole 3 5123, realizing pressure protection of each chamber and reducing energy accumulation inside the energy-absorbing and anti-impact section 5.

[0048] Reset phase: After the impact energy is dissipated, spring 2 564 pushes the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 to reset outward. At the same time, the gas in the annular cylinder cavity 6 is replenished to the sealing ring cavity 55 and the annular groove cavity 5121 through the one-way sealing head 8 in the through hole 1 5111 and through hole 2 5122, waiting to be restored to the initial working gas pressure state, in preparation for the next impact energy absorption.

[0049] In this embodiment, the interconnected design between the fixed cylinder 561, the sealing ring cavity 55, and the annular cylinder cavity 6 makes the elastic support strength of the telescopic rod 56 on the energy-absorbing arc plate 57 adjustable, so as to meet the deformation and reset requirements of the energy-absorbing arc plate 57.

[0050] In practical implementation, the support method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Place a set of sleeve rods 4 on the outside of the grouting anchor rod 1 and connect it to the anchor head 2, then guide it into the preset borehole.

[0052] Step II: Then, alternately connect multiple sets of energy-absorbing and anti-impact sections 5 and sleeve rods 4 and fit them around the outside of the grouting anchor rod 1 until the anchor head 2 reaches the bottom of the borehole. Then, install the anchor seat 3 on the borehole opening.

[0053] Step III: Pressurize the annular cavity 6 to a certain pressure through the conduit 31. Specifically, set the safety pressure value in the annular groove 5121 as required, and select a one-way sealing head 8 of the corresponding specification for the through hole 3 5123 to safely release the pressure in the annular groove 5121; set the safety pressure values ​​in the sealing ring cavity 55 and the fixed cylinder 561 as required, and select a one-way sealing head 2 5621 of the corresponding specification for the sliding cylinder 562 to safely release the pressure in the sealing ring cavity 55 and the fixed cylinder 561.

[0054] Step IV: Grouting is injected into the borehole through the grouting anchor 1 and solidified; the pressure value in the annular cylinder 6 is adjusted in a timely manner through the air valve 32 based on the monitoring of the pressure sensor 33, thereby making the support safer.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-absorbing support shock-resistant anchor bolt, comprising a grouting anchor bolt (1), characterized in that, The grouting anchor (1) is alternately fitted with a sleeve rod one (4) and an energy-absorbing and anti-scour section (5). An annular cavity (6) is formed between the sleeve rod one (4) and the energy-absorbing and anti-scour section (5) and the grouting anchor (1). An anchor seat (3) and an anchor head (2) are respectively installed at both ends of the grouting anchor (1), and the anchor seat (3) and the anchor head (2) respectively seal both ends of the annular cavity (6). The anchor seat (3) is provided with a conduit (31) communicating with the annular cavity (6). An air valve (32) is installed on the conduit (31). The energy-absorbing and anti-scour section (5) includes a sleeve rod two (51) for connecting with the sleeve rod one (4). The sleeve rod 2 (51) is provided with a rotating ring (52) that can rotate circumferentially relative to the grouting anchor rod (1). The sleeve rod 2 (51) is provided with a spiral sliding port (5131). The rotating ring (52) is connected with a telescopic rod (56) that is slidably connected to the spiral sliding port (5131). An energy-absorbing arc plate (57) is installed at the end of the telescopic rod (56) away from the annular cylinder cavity (6). A gas passage is provided between the annular cylinder cavity (6) and the cylinder cavity of the telescopic rod (56). A one-way sealing head 1 (8) is provided in the gas passage. A one-way sealing head 2 (5621) for controlling gas release is provided in the cylinder cavity of the telescopic rod (56). The sleeve rod 2 (51) includes a connecting sleeve 1 (511), a connecting sleeve 2 (512) and a connecting sleeve 3 (513). The shell of the connecting sleeve 2 (512) is provided with an annular groove (5121). The two ends of the connecting sleeve 1 (511) are both installed with the connecting sleeve 2 (512), and the two ends of the connecting sleeve 1 (511) are respectively connected to the inner walls of the annular groove (5121) on both sides. The outer walls of the annular groove (5121) on both sides are connected by the connecting sleeve 3 (513). An annular cavity (514) is formed between the connecting sleeve 3 (513) and the connecting sleeve 1 (511). The annular cavity (514) is provided with the rotating ring (52). The two ends of the rotating ring (52) are respectively installed with sealing ring plugs (53). The sealing ring plugs (53) at both ends of the rotating ring (52) are respectively tightly fitted to the annular groove (5121) on both sides. A sealing ring cavity (55) is formed between the rotating cylinder ring (52) and the connecting cylinder one (511). The connecting cylinder one (511) has a through hole one (5111) for connecting the annular cylinder cavity (6) and the sealing ring cavity (55). The inner wall of the annular groove cavity (5121) has a through hole two (5122) for connecting the annular cylinder cavity (6) and the annular groove cavity (5121). The outer wall of the annular groove cavity (5121) has a through hole three (5123) for connecting the annular groove cavity (5121) and the outside of the connecting cylinder two (512). A one-way sealing head one (8) is provided in the through hole one (5111), through hole two (5122) and through hole three (5123).

2. The energy-absorbing support and impact-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic rod (56) includes a sliding sleeve (563) that is slidably connected to the spiral sliding port (5131). A fixed cylinder (561) is fixed inside the sliding sleeve (563). One end of the fixed cylinder (561) is connected to the sealing ring cavity (55). The other end of the fixed cylinder (561) is slidably connected to a sliding cylinder (562). The end of the sliding cylinder (562) away from the fixed cylinder (561) is fixed to the energy-absorbing arc plate (57). The energy-absorbing arc plate (57) and the sliding sleeve (563) are connected by a second spring (564). The second one-way sealing head (5621) is installed in the sliding cylinder (562). The second one-way sealing head (5621) has the same structure as the first one-way sealing head (8).

3. The energy-absorbing support and impact-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one-way sealing head (8) includes a sealing sleeve (81). One end of the cavity of the sealing sleeve (81) is fixed with a fixed ring plug (82). The other end of the cavity of the sealing sleeve (81) is slidably connected with a slide rod (83) that passes through the fixed ring plug (82). The slide rod (83) has an inverted T-shaped structure. The end of the slide rod (83) away from the fixed ring plug (82) is connected to the fixed ring plug (82) by a spring three (84). The slide rod (83) is provided with an air passage (831) and an air nozzle (832). The air nozzle (832) is connected to the air passage (831). The air nozzle (832) is located on one side of the fixed ring plug (82), and the inlet of the air passage (831) is located on the side away from the fixed ring plug (82).

4. The energy-absorbing support and impact-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular groove (5121) is provided with a spring (54), one end of which contacts the bottom of the annular groove (5121), and the other end of which contacts the sealing ring plug (53).

5. The energy-absorbing support and impact-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the connecting cylinder 2 (512) away from the connecting cylinder 1 (511) is provided with a shock-absorbing sleeve (7). The shock-absorbing sleeve (7) is fitted on the outside of the grouting anchor rod (1), and the shock-absorbing sleeve (7) is provided with an air guide hole (71) that connects the outer space of the two ends of the shock-absorbing sleeve (7) in the axial direction.

6. The energy-absorbing support and impact-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the energy-absorbing arc plate (57) is provided with a plurality of cross-shaped stabilizing keys (571). The outer periphery of the inner arc wall of the energy-absorbing arc plate (57) is provided with an airbag ring one (58). The outer side of the airbag ring one (58) is connected to the energy-absorbing arc plate (57), and the inner side of the airbag ring one (58) is in contact with the outer wall of the connecting cylinder three (513). The two ends of the energy-absorbing arc plate (57) are respectively provided with airbag ring two (59) sleeved on the outside of the connecting cylinder three (513). There are multiple airbag ring two (59) distributed along the axial direction. The multiple airbag ring two (59) are connected to each other, and the airbag ring two (59) close to the energy-absorbing arc plate (57) is connected to the end of the energy-absorbing arc plate (57).

7. The energy-absorbing support and impact-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conduit (31) is also equipped with a pressure sensor (33) for monitoring the pressure of the annular cavity (6).

8. A method for energy-absorbing support, comprising using an impact-resistant anchor bolt for energy-absorbing support as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Place a set of sleeve rods (4) on the outside of the grouting anchor rod (1) and connect it with the anchor head (2) to guide it into the preset borehole; Step II: Then connect multiple sets of energy-absorbing and anti-impact sections (5) and sleeve rods (4) alternately and put them on the outside of the grouting anchor rod (1) until the anchor head (2) reaches the bottom of the borehole and install the anchor seat (3) on the borehole opening. Step III: Pressurize the annular cavity (6) to a certain pressure through the conduit (31); Step IV: Grouting and solidification are carried out in the borehole through grouting anchor rod (1).

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