Hydrogen internal combustion engine bypass system and method

Abstract

An air intake system includes a first compressor and a second compressor. A controller coupled to the air intake system is configured to receive a first temperature value regarding the second compressor. In response to the first temperature value reaching or exceeding a predetermined threshold, the controller controls a bypass valve to adjust to a closed position. The bypass valve is positioned downstream of the first compressor and upstream of the second compressor, and when the bypass valve is in the closed position, air received by the air intake system is directed to flow through a heat exchanger and then to the second compressor. In response to the first temperature value being below the predetermined threshold, the controller controls the bypass valve to adjust to an open position such that air received by the air intake system is directed away from the heat exchanger and through a bypass conduit and then to the second compressor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a bypass system and method for an engine, and more particularly to a hydrogen internal combustion engine system. Background Technology

[0002] In a hydrogen internal combustion engine, hydrogen fuel is used to generate power. Specifically, hydrogen fuel is mixed with air in a combustion cylinder, and power is generated by burning the air-fuel mixture. The combustion of the air-fuel mixture produces exhaust gases, which are discharged from the combustion cylinder and transported to downstream devices. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One embodiment relates to a system. The system includes a controller coupled to an intake system in air communication with an engine. The intake system includes a first compressor and a second compressor. The controller includes one or more processors and one or more memories storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations. These operations include: receiving a first temperature value with respect to the second compressor; when the first temperature value is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, operating a bypass valve to a closed position, wherein the bypass valve is located downstream of the first compressor and upstream of the second compressor, and when the bypass valve is closed, air received by the intake system is directed to flow through a heat exchanger and then to the second compressor; and when the first temperature value is below the predetermined threshold, operating the bypass valve to an open position, wherein when the bypass valve is open, air received by the intake system is directed to bypass the heat exchanger and flow through a bypass duct to the second compressor.

[0004] Another embodiment relates to a method. The method includes: receiving a first temperature value with respect to the second compressor by a controller coupled to an intake system having a first compressor and a second compressor; when the first temperature value is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, adjusting a bypass valve by the controller to a closed position, wherein the bypass valve is located downstream of the first compressor and upstream of the second compressor, wherein when the bypass valve is in the closed position, air received by the intake system is directed to flow through a heat exchanger and then to the second compressor; when the first temperature value is lower than the predetermined threshold, adjusting the bypass valve by the controller to an open position, wherein when the bypass valve is in the open position, air received by the intake system is directed to bypass the heat exchanger and flow through a bypass duct to the second compressor.

[0005] Another embodiment relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a processing circuit, cause one or more processors to perform operations. These operations include: receiving a first temperature value with respect to a second compressor of an intake system; when the first temperature value is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, operating a bypass valve to a closed position, wherein the bypass valve is located downstream of the first compressor and upstream of the second compressor, wherein when the bypass valve is in the closed position, air received by the intake system is directed to flow through a heat exchanger and then to the second compressor; and when the first temperature value is less than the predetermined threshold, operating the bypass valve to an open position, wherein when the bypass valve is in the open position, air received by the intake system is directed to bypass the heat exchanger and flow through a bypass duct to the second compressor.

[0006] Numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the subject matter of this application. The features described in the subject matter of this application may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments and / or implementations. In this regard, one or more features of one aspect of the invention may be combined with one or more features of different aspects of the invention. Furthermore, additional features may be present in some embodiments and / or implementations, which may not be present in all embodiments or implementations. Attached Figure Description

[0007] According to an example embodiment, Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a hydrogen internal combustion engine system.

[0008] According to an example embodiment, Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The block diagram of the controller of the system shown.

[0009] According to an example embodiment, Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The flowchart shows the operation method of the hydrogen internal combustion engine bypass system. Detailed Implementation

[0010] Various concepts and their implementations relating to methods, apparatuses, computer-readable media, and systems for bypassing hydrogen internal combustion engine systems will now be described in more detail. Before turning to the accompanying drawings, which detail certain exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that this application is not limited to the details or methods described in the specification or drawings. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and should not be considered limiting.

[0011] As described herein, an engine system may include an engine and an exhaust aftertreatment system in communication with the engine exhaust gases. The engine system may include a two-stage turbocharger system located between the engine and the exhaust gases. This two-stage turbocharger system may include a first turbocharger and a second turbocharger. The second turbocharger includes a second turbine component that receives exhaust gases from the engine to drive a second compressor component. The first turbocharger includes a first turbine component that receives exhaust gases from the second turbocharger to drive a first compressor component. The first compressor component receives air (e.g., ambient air) from an intake port and compresses the air (e.g., increases the air pressure). The second compressor component receives air from the first compressor component and further compresses the air (e.g., further increases the air pressure).

[0012] In one example embodiment, the engine receives compressed air from a two-stage turbocharger system. During operation, the first and second compressor components may heat the air (e.g., by doing work on the air to increase its pressure). Furthermore, the first and second turbochargers may be designed to operate when the air temperature is below a predetermined threshold (e.g., below 200°C, below 250°C, etc.).

[0013] In conventional engine systems with a two-stage turbocharger system, the turbine components of one or both turbochargers can be bypassed via wastegate control to control (e.g., reduce) the air temperature at the outlet of the second turbocharger. Bypassing the turbine components results in a reduced pressure change generated by the compressor components, thereby lowering the air temperature at the outlet of the second turbocharger.

[0014] Advantageously, as described herein, the engine system includes a cooling system and a bypass system located between the turbochargers (particularly in a two-stage turbocharger system). The control system or controller can control the operation of the bypass valve to selectively direct air through the cooling system, through the bypass system, or in some cases both, such that the air temperature at the outlet of the second turbocharger is within a desired or ideal operating range (e.g., below 200°C, below 250°C, etc.). Advantageously, cooling air (e.g., by directing air flow through the cooling system) lowers the air temperature, ensuring that the air temperature at the outlet of the second turbocharger is within a desired or ideal operating range. Furthermore, allowing air to bypass the cooling system (e.g., by directing air flow through the bypass system) can mitigate low airflow problems under certain engine operating conditions, such as low load conditions (e.g., engine speed or engine torque below a predetermined threshold). Therefore, the control system can control the operation of the bypass valve based on engine operating information and / or first turbocharger operating information.

[0015] From both a technical and efficiency perspective, the systems, methods, and apparatus described herein provide an improved control system that automatically and selectively guides air through a cooling system, a bypass system, or both using sensor data. The control system described herein advantageously employs specific control strategies to control the flow of air through the cooling system. In other words, the systems and methods described herein provide a technical solution for controlling the flow of air through a cooling system, a bypass system, or both using specific computer-based processing that is advantageously optimized for the air-fuel ratio and engine output torque. Advantageously, allowing air to flow through the cooling system cools the air, ensuring that the air temperature at the outlet of the second turbocharger is within the desired or ideal operating range. This, in turn, can mitigate damage to the second turbocharger caused by high air temperatures (e.g., temperatures greater than or equal to 200°C, greater than or equal to 250°C, etc.). Advantageously, allowing air to bypass the cooling system (e.g., by guiding air flow through the bypass system) can mitigate low airflow problems under certain engine operating conditions, such as low load conditions. This, in turn, can achieve or substantially achieve the target air-fuel ratio by providing sufficient air, thereby mitigating undesirable combustion characteristics in the engine. Advantageously, airflow is automatically guided (e.g., without user input).

[0016] Now refer to Figure 1 The diagram shows a schematic block diagram of a system (shown as vehicle system 100) according to an example embodiment. Among other potential components and / or systems, system 100 includes an engine 150 and an aftertreatment system 170 in communication with the exhaust gases of engine 150. System 100 may also include a controller 200 and an operator input / output (I / O) device 220, wherein the controller 200 is communicatively coupled to each of the aforementioned components. Figure 1 In this configuration, system 100 is contained within a vehicle. The vehicle can be any type of on-road or off-road vehicle, including but not limited to wheel loaders, forklifts, long-haul trucks, medium-duty trucks (e.g., pickup trucks), cars, sports cars, tanks, aircraft, ships, and any other type of vehicle. In another embodiment, system 100 may be embodied in stationary equipment, such as a generator or generator set. All these variations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0017] System 100 includes an intake duct 110. The intake duct 110 is configured to receive ambient air at an intake port. The intake duct 110 is configured to direct an intake airflow, including air (e.g., ambient air, compressed air, etc.), to downstream components, such as engine 150. Figure 1 As shown, one or more components may be located along the intake duct 110 (e.g., between the intake port and the engine 150).

[0018] System 100 includes an air filter 112 located along the intake duct, downstream of the intake port. Air filter 112 is configured to filter ambient air by removing contaminants such as dust, debris, or other solid or liquid pollutants. As an example, air filter 112 may include a filter medium configured to remove and capture contaminants from the intake airflow.

[0019] System 100 includes a first turbine assembly (shown as a first turbocharger 120). The first turbocharger 120 includes a first portion (shown as a first compressor 122) and a second portion (shown as a first turbine 124). The first compressor 122 is disposed on the intake duct 110. For example, the first compressor 122 may be disposed downstream of the air inlet and / or air filter 112.

[0020] The first compressor 122 is configured to receive ambient air (e.g., through intake duct 110) and compress it. That is, the first compressor 122 is configured to increase the pressure of the received air. For example, the first compressor 122 may include a compression component (e.g., a compressor wheel or other suitable structure) configured to receive air (e.g., ambient air) and compress it. More specifically, the compression component may be rotatable (e.g., driven by a first turbine 124), and the rotation of the compression component causes an increase in the pressure of the air.

[0021] Mechanical compression of air also causes the air temperature to rise. For example, the work done by the first compressor 122 on the air transfers energy from the first compressor 122 (or more specifically, the rotating compression component) to the air, thereby causing the air temperature to rise.

[0022] System 100 includes a heat exchanger (e.g., a cooling system), shown as an intercooler 126. The intercooler 126 is disposed on an intake duct 110, downstream of the first compressor 122. The intercooler 126 receives compressed air from the first compressor 122 (e.g., through the intake duct 110). The intercooler 126 is configured to cool the compressed air received from the first compressor 122. For example, the intercooler 126 may include one or more heat exchanger components (e.g., a radiator, finned assembly, fan, etc.). The air received by the intercooler 126 can pass through the radiator, which facilitates the transfer of heat from the air to the working fluid (e.g., a liquid coolant or air).

[0023] System 100 includes a bypass system 127. The bypass system 127 includes a bypass pipe 128 and a bypass valve 129. The bypass valve 129 can be a mechanical valve or an electromechanical valve (e.g., a ball valve, butterfly valve, gate valve, actuator valve, solenoid valve, etc.).

[0024] A bypass duct 128 is disposed on the intake duct, downstream of the first compressor 122. The bypass duct 128 receives compressed air from the first compressor 122 (e.g., through the intake duct 110). The bypass duct 128 is configured to direct the compressed air received from the first compressor 122 downstream of the intercooler 126. That is, the air flowing through the bypass duct 128 bypasses the intercooler 126, and therefore the air flowing through the bypass duct 128 is not cooled.

[0025] As shown, at least one flow control device is included. In this example, a bypass valve 129 is disposed on a bypass conduit 128. In some embodiments, multiple flow control devices may be included. The bypass valve 129 is configured to selectively allow compressed air flowing from the first compressor 122 to flow into the bypass conduit 128. For example, the bypass valve 129 may operate between a closed position and an open position (e.g., a fully open position). The bypass valve 129 may be actuated between the closed and open positions (e.g., driven by an actuator controlled by controller 200). When the bypass valve 129 is in the closed position (e.g., a first position), the bypass valve 129 substantially prevents compressed air from flowing into the bypass conduit 128. When the bypass valve 129 is in the open position or a position between the closed and fully open positions (e.g., a second position), the bypass valve 129 allows a first predetermined amount (e.g., mass, volume, mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, etc.) of compressed air to flow through the bypass conduit 128. The controller 200 can selectively drive the bypass valve 129 (e.g., by controlling an actuator) to multiple positions between a closed position and an open position to regulate the amount of air bypassing the intercooler 126.

[0026] In some embodiments, the bypass valve 129 is operable to a number of positions (e.g., a partially open position) between a closed position and a fully open position. When the bypass valve 129 is between the closed position and the fully open position, the bypass valve 129 allows a second predetermined amount of compressed air to flow through the bypass conduit 128, which is less than a first predetermined amount and greater than zero flow (e.g., zero mass, zero volume, zero mass flow, or zero volume flow).

[0027] In some embodiments, the bypass valve 129 is operable to a first position and a second position. In some embodiments, the first position is a closed position. In some embodiments, the second position is a fully open position and / or a partially open position (e.g., a position between the closed position and the fully open position).

[0028] It should be understood that when the bypass valve 129 is in the open position or between the closed and open positions (e.g., in the open or partially open position, also referred to as the second position), it does not necessarily prevent compressed air from flowing through the intercooler 126. On the contrary, because one or more heat exchanger components of the intercooler 126 create resistance to airflow, when the bypass valve 129 is in the second position (e.g., between the closed and fully open positions or in the open position), compressed air can flow naturally through the bypass duct 128.

[0029] System 100 includes a second turbine assembly, shown as a second turbocharger 130. The second turbocharger 130 includes a first portion (shown as a second compressor 132) and a second portion (shown as a second turbine 134). The second compressor 132 is disposed on the intake duct 110. For example, the second compressor 132 may be disposed downstream of the first compressor 122, the intercooler 126, and / or the bypass duct 128.

[0030] The second compressor 132 receives compressed air (e.g., from the first compressor 122, and via the intercooler 126 and / or bypass duct 128) and compresses the received compressed air. That is, the second compressor 132 is configured to increase the pressure of the received air. For example, the second compressor 132 may include a compression component (e.g., a compressor wheel or other suitable structure) configured to receive air (e.g., compressed air) and compress it. More specifically, the compression component may be rotatable (e.g., driven by a second turbine 134), and the rotation of the compression component causes an increase in air pressure. It should be understood that the air at the outlet of the second compressor 132 has been compressed twice (e.g., first by the first compressor 122, then by the second compressor 132).

[0031] Mechanical compression of air also causes the air temperature to rise. For example, the work done on the air by the second compressor 132 transfers energy from the second compressor 132 (or more specifically, the rotating compression component) to the air, thereby causing the air temperature to rise.

[0032] System 100 includes a booster air cooler 136. The booster air cooler 136 is disposed on an intake duct 110, downstream of a second compressor 132. An intercooler 126 receives compressed air from the second compressor 132 (e.g., through the intake duct 110). The booster air cooler 136 is configured to cool the compressed air received from the second compressor 132. For example, the booster air cooler 136 may include one or more heat exchanger components (e.g., a radiator, finned assembly, fan, etc.). The air received by the booster air cooler 136 can pass through a radiator, which facilitates the transfer of heat from the air to the working fluid (e.g., a liquid coolant or air).

[0033] System 100 includes an exhaust valve system 140. The exhaust valve system includes an exhaust valve duct 142 and an exhaust valve 144. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the exhaust gas duct 142 is in fluid communication with the intake duct 110 and is located downstream of the second compressor 132 and upstream of the second turbine 134. An exhaust gas valve 144 is disposed on the exhaust gas duct 142. The exhaust gas valve 144 is configured to selectively guide airflow around the second turbine 134 (e.g., bypassing the second turbine 134) and / or around the first turbine 124 (e.g., bypassing the first turbine 124) based on the pressure value of the intake airflow within the intake duct 110 downstream of the second compressor 132. For example, when the pressure value of the intake airflow within the intake duct 110 downstream of the second compressor 132 reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold, the exhaust gas valve 144 may guide airflow around the second turbine 134 and / or the first turbine 124. When the pressure value of the intake airflow within the intake duct 110 downstream of the second compressor 132 reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold, the exhaust gas valve 144 may guide airflow through the second turbine 134 and / or through the first turbine 124. Guiding airflow through the second turbine 134 may cause an increase in the pressure of the intake airflow in the intake duct 110 located downstream of the second compressor 132, because, for example, the airflow may cause the turbine 134 to rotate, which causes the compressor 132 to rotate, thereby further compressing the air.

[0034] System 100 includes an intake air valve (IAT) 146. IAT valve 146 is disposed on intake duct 110, downstream of the second compressor 132. IAT valve 146 may be located downstream of a booster air cooler 136. IAT valve 146 is a valve (e.g., a ball valve, butterfly valve, actuator valve, etc.). IAT valve 146 is configured to selectively direct air (e.g., compressed air) from the second compressor 132 to the engine 150. The amount of air directed to the engine 150 is based on a target or desired air-fuel ratio. For example, IAT valve 146 can (e.g., via an actuator controlled by controller 200) actuate between an open position and a closed position. In the open position, IAT valve 146 allows a maximum amount (e.g., mass, volume, mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, etc.) of air to flow from the second compressor 132 to the engine 150. In the closed position, IAT valve 146 allows a minimum amount of air to flow from the second compressor 132 to the engine 150. The controller 200 can selectively cause the IAT valve 146 (e.g., by controlling an actuator) to perform actions in multiple positions, including an open position and a closed position, to regulate the amount of air received by the engine 150.

[0035] System 100 includes an intake manifold 148. The intake manifold 148 is disposed on the intake duct 110, downstream of the second compressor 132. The intake manifold 148 may be located downstream of the boost air cooler 136 and / or the IAT valve 146. The intake manifold 148 is configured to direct intake airflow from the intake duct 110 into the engine 150.

[0036] Components and / or systems located upstream of engine 150 collectively constitute the intake system. Specifically, the intake system includes one or more of the following: intake duct 110, air filter 112, first compressor 122, intercooler 126, bypass system 127 (including one or more components thereof), second compressor 132, boost air cooler 136, IAT valve 146, and / or intake manifold 148. In one example embodiment, the intake system includes intake duct 110, first compressor 122, intercooler 126, bypass system 127 (including one or more components thereof), and second compressor 132. The intake system is in air communication with engine 150.

[0037] Engine 150 can be any type of internal combustion engine that produces exhaust gases, such as a gasoline, natural gas, or diesel engine, and / or any other suitable engine. In the example shown, engine 150 is a hydrogen internal combustion engine (ICE). This hydrogen internal combustion engine consumes hydrogen fuel to generate power.

[0038] In some embodiments, engine 150 may be part of a hybrid powertrain system having an internal combustion engine and at least one electric motor coupled to at least one battery (not shown). For example, system 100 may include an electric motor (e.g., electric motor, electric generator, electric starter, etc.) coupled to engine 150 via a shaft (e.g., output shaft, drive shaft, crankshaft, etc.). In some embodiments, system 100 may be configured as a mild hybrid powertrain, a parallel hybrid powertrain, a series hybrid powertrain, or a series-parallel hybrid powertrain.

[0039] Engine 150 includes one or more cylinders (e.g., combustion cylinders). These cylinders are disposed within the combustion chamber of engine 102. These cylinders are configured to receive an air-fuel mixture. The ratio of air to fuel in the mixture is referred to herein as the "air-fuel ratio". These cylinders enable the air-fuel mixture to burn within engine 150.

[0040] Engine 150 may include a spark ignition system 152, which includes one or more igniters 154 (e.g., spark plugs, glow plugs, etc.). Ignitioners 154 are configured to provide energy (e.g., electrical energy in the form of sparks) to ignite the combustion of fuel (e.g., hydrogen) and air in each cylinder of engine 150.

[0041] Engine 150 may include a fuel system 156. This fuel system includes a hydrogen tank 157, a fuel rail 158, and one or more fuel injectors 159. The hydrogen tank 157 is configured to store hydrogen fuel (e.g., hydrogen gas). The fuel rail 158 is configured to receive hydrogen fuel from the fuel tank 157 and supply hydrogen to the fuel injectors 159. Each fuel injector 159 is configured to supply (e.g., metered, injected, etc.) a predetermined amount of fuel to a corresponding cylinder of engine 150. The amount of fuel injected into the cylinder is based on a target or desired air-fuel ratio.

[0042] System 100 includes an exhaust duct 160. The exhaust duct 160 is located downstream of engine 150. The exhaust duct 160 is configured to receive exhaust gas flow from engine 150. The exhaust duct 160 is configured to direct the exhaust gas flow from exhaust manifold 162 to downstream components, such as aftertreatment system 170. Figure 1 As shown, one or more components may be disposed on the exhaust pipe 160 (e.g., between the engine 150 and the aftertreatment system 170).

[0043] System 100 includes an exhaust manifold 162. The exhaust manifold 162 is configured to direct exhaust gas flow from each cylinder of engine 150 to the exhaust pipe 160.

[0044] A second turbine 134 is disposed on an exhaust pipe 160, downstream of the engine 150. The second turbine 134 receives exhaust gas (e.g., from the engine 150 and through the exhaust pipe 160). The received exhaust gas is used to rotate the second turbine 134. The second turbine 134 is coupled to a second compressor 132 such that rotation of the second turbine 134 causes rotation of the second compressor 132. For example, the second turbine 134 may include a turbine component, such as a turbine or other suitable structure, configured to receive exhaust gas and rotate as the exhaust gas passes through the turbine component.

[0045] A first turbine 124 is disposed on an exhaust pipe 160, downstream of the engine 150 and the second turbine 134. The first turbine 124 receives exhaust gas (e.g., from the engine 150 and through the exhaust pipe 160 and / or the second turbine 134). The received exhaust gas is used to rotate the first turbine 124. The first turbine 124 is coupled to a first compressor 122 such that rotation of the first turbine 124 causes rotation of the first compressor 122. For example, the first turbine 124 may include a turbine component, such as a turbine or other suitable structure, configured to receive exhaust gas and rotate as the exhaust gas passes through the turbine component.

[0046] The aftertreatment system 170 is in communication with the exhaust gas of the engine 150. An exhaust pipe 160 couples the engine 150 to the aftertreatment system 170. The aftertreatment system 170 includes components for reducing exhaust emissions, such as a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an oxidation catalyst (OC), a particulate filter (PF), an exhaust fluid injector with exhaust fluid supply, multiple sensors for monitoring the aftertreatment system (e.g., a nitrogen oxide (NOx) sensor, a temperature sensor, etc.), and / or other components.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, system 100 includes one or more sensors 190. The number, location, and type of sensors included in system 100 are for illustrative purposes only. That is, the number, location, and type of sensors may differ in other configurations. Sensor 190 may be a gas composition sensor (e.g., NOx sensor, oxygen sensor, H2O / humidity sensor, hydrogen sensor, etc.), a temperature sensor, a particulate matter (PM) sensor, a flow sensor (e.g., mass flow sensor, volumetric flow sensor, etc.), other exhaust gas emission component sensors, a pressure sensor, or some combination thereof. In one example embodiment, sensor 190 is configured as a temperature sensor to acquire data about the temperature of fluids, such as the temperature of exhaust gas, air, working fluid, or other fluids in system 100, and / or to acquire data about the temperature of components of system 100, such as the temperature of one or more components of aftertreatment system 170.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, sensor 190 may be located at or near intake duct 110 (e.g., upstream of first compressor 122, downstream of second compressor 132) and / or at or near exhaust duct 118 (e.g., at or inside exhaust manifold 116). It should be understood that the sensor's location may vary, and system 100 may include more than […]. Figure 1 The number of sensors may be more or less.

[0049] System 100 may also include additional sensors. These sensors may include engine-related sensors (e.g., torque sensors, speed sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, temperature sensors, etc.). These sensors may also include sensors associated with other vehicle components, such as the first turbocharger 120 or the second turbocharger 130. For example, sensor 190 may include speed sensors for the first turbocharger 120 and / or the second turbocharger. Other sensors may also be associated with user input devices, such as pedals, levers, buttons, etc. These sensors can be configured to acquire user input data about the user input devices, such as pedal position, lever position, button press, etc.

[0050] Sensor 125 can be physical or virtual (i.e., a non-physical sensor that serves as a program logic structure within controller 200 for various estimations or determinations). For example, an engine speed sensor can be physical or virtual, used to measure or otherwise acquire data, values, or information (typically expressed in revolutions per minute) indicating the speed of engine 150. This sensor (when configured as a physical sensor) is coupled to the engine and configured to send a signal indicating the speed of engine 150 to controller 200. When configured as a virtual sensor, controller 200 can use at least one input in algorithms, models, lookup tables, etc., to determine or estimate engine parameters (e.g., power output). Any sensor 190 described herein can be physical or virtual.

[0051] The controller 200 is coupled to the sensor 190, particularly in a communication manner. Accordingly, the controller 200 is configured to receive data from one or more sensors 190 and to provide commands / information to one or more sensors 190. The controller 200 can use the received data to control one or more components in the system 100, as described herein.

[0052] Controller 200 is configured to at least partially control the operation of system 100 and associated subsystems (such as engine 150 and operator input / output devices 220). Communication between components can be achieved through any number of wired or wireless connections. For example, wired connections may include serial cables, fiber optic cables, CAT5 cables, or any other form of wired connection. In contrast, wireless connections may include the Internet, Wi-Fi, cellular networks, radio, etc. In one embodiment, a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus provides the exchange of signals, information, and / or data. The CAN bus includes any number of wired and wireless connections. Because controller 200 and... Figure 1 The system and components shown are communicatively coupled, and the controller 200 is configured to... Figure 1 One or more components shown receive data. The structure and function of the controller are described below. Figure 2 Further details will be provided in the relevant section.

[0053] Operator input / output (I / O) device 220 can be connected to controller 200, enabling information exchange between controller 200 and I / O device 220, which may be related to... Figure 1 The decision of one or more components or controller 200 (as described below) is related to this. Operator I / O device 220 enables the operator of system 100 to interact with controller 200 and... Figure 1The system 100 communicates with one or more components. For example, operator input / output device 220 may include (but is not limited to) an interactive display, a touchscreen device, one or more buttons and switches, a voice command receiver, etc. In this way, operator input / output device 220 can provide the operator with one or more instructions or notifications (such as a fault indicator light (MIL)). Furthermore, operator input / output device 220 may include a port enabling controller 200 to couple to a scanning tool to acquire fault codes and other information about the vehicle.

[0054] Now for reference Figure 2 According to an example embodiment, it is shown Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the controller 200 of system 100 is shown. As illustrated, the controller 200 includes at least one processing circuitry 202 (having at least one processor 204 and at least one memory 206), one or more dedicated processing circuits (shown as bypass circuitry 212), and a communication interface 216. The controller 200 is configured to control the operation of bypass valve 129. In some embodiments, the controller 200 may control the operation of bypass valve 129 to achieve a desired or target temperature of the intake airflow at or near the outlet of the second compressor 132. For example, the controller 200 may operate one or more valves, actuators, or other suitable devices (e.g., bypass valve 129) to selectively direct the intake airflow through intercooler 126, bypass duct 128, or both. In this way, the controller 200 can facilitate selective cooling of the intake airflow (e.g., by directing the intake airflow through intercooler 126) to achieve a target or desired intake airflow temperature or temperature range at the outlet of the second compressor 132. The target intake airflow temperature may be based on the desired or optimal operating temperature of the second compressor 132. The desired or optimal operating temperature of the second compressor 132 can be based on a predetermined value or range of values ​​(e.g., the material of the second compressor 132). As an example, the desired or optimal operating temperature of the second compressor 132 can be below approximately 300°C, such as 250°C, 200°C, etc.

[0055] Additionally, controller 200 can selectively bypass intercooler 126 (e.g., by directing intake airflow through bypass duct 128) to achieve a target or desired intake airflow pressure or pressure range at the outlet of second compressor 132. The target intake airflow pressure or pressure range can be a predetermined value based on (e.g., a desired or target air-fuel ratio). As an example, as the intake airflow pressure increases, the amount of air supplied to the cylinders of engine 150 increases. Therefore, the amount of air supplied to the engine (e.g., through IAT valve 146) can vary based on the pressure value. Controller 200 can selectively bypass intercooler 126 (e.g., by directing intake airflow through bypass duct 128) to mitigate the pressure drop caused by intercooler 126 (e.g., intake airflow pressure reduction exceeding a predetermined amount) (e.g., due to flow resistance from components of intercooler 126). The specific process of controlling the operation of bypass valve 129 is described in detail below.

[0056] In one configuration, bypass circuitry 212 is embodied as a machine- or computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor (such as processor 204). As described herein and among other uses, the machine-readable medium facilitates the performance of certain operations to achieve the reception and transmission of data. For example, the machine-readable medium can provide instructions (e.g., commands) to retrieve data. In this regard, the machine-readable medium may include programmable logic defining the frequency of data acquisition (or data transmission). The computer-readable medium instructions may include code that can be written in any programming language, including but not limited to Java or similar languages, and any conventional programming language such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program code can be executed on one processor or multiple remote processors. In the latter case, the remote processors can be coupled to each other via any type of network (e.g., a CAN bus).

[0057] In another configuration, the bypass circuit 212 is embodied as a hardware unit, such as one or more electronic control units. Therefore, the bypass circuit 212 can be embodied as one or more circuit components, including but not limited to processing circuitry, network interfaces, peripheral devices, input devices, output devices, sensors, etc. In some embodiments, the bypass circuit 212 can take the form of one or more analog circuits, electronic circuits (e.g., integrated circuits (ICs), discrete circuits, system-on-a-chip (SOC) circuits, microcontrollers, etc.), communication circuits, hybrid circuits, and any other type of "circuit". In this respect, the bypass circuit 212 can include any type of component for performing or facilitating the implementation of the operations described herein. For example, the circuits described herein can include one or more transistors, logic gates (e.g., NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR, NOT, XNOR, etc.), resistors, multiplexers, registers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, wiring, etc. The bypass circuit 212 can also include or be a programmable hardware device, such as a field-programmable gate array, programmable array logic, programmable logic device, etc. The bypass circuit 212 can include one or more memory devices for storing instructions executable by the processor of the bypass circuit 212. One or more memory devices and processors may be identical to those defined below with respect to memory 206 and processor 204. In some hardware unit configurations, bypass circuitry 212 may be geographically distributed across different locations within the vehicle. Alternatively, as shown, bypass circuitry 212 may be embodied within a single unit / housing, which is shown as controller 200.

[0058] In the illustrated example, controller 200 includes at least one processing circuit 202 having at least one processor 204 and at least one memory 206. Processing circuit 202 may be constructed or configured to execute or implement the instructions, commands, and / or control processes described herein with respect to bypass circuit 212. The configuration shown in the figures indicates that bypass circuit 212 is embodied as a machine or computer-readable medium storing instructions (which may be stored by memory 206). However, as noted above, this description is not intended to be limiting, as this disclosure contemplates other embodiments in which bypass circuit 212 is configured as a hardware unit. All such combinations and variations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0059] Processor 204 may be implemented as one or more single-chip or multi-chip processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and / or suitable processors (e.g., other programmable logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc., for performing the functions described herein). The processor may be a microprocessor, a processor group, etc. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some embodiments, one or more processors may be shared by multiple circuits (e.g., bypass circuitry 212 may include or otherwise share the same processor, which in some example embodiments may execute instructions stored or otherwise accessed through different regions of memory). Alternatively, one or more processors may be configured to perform certain operations independently of one or more coprocessors. In other example embodiments, two or more processors may be bus-coupled to enable independent, parallel, pipelined, or multithreaded instruction execution. All these variations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0060] Memory 206 (e.g., memory, storage cell, storage device) may include one or more devices (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, hard disk storage) for storing data and / or computer code to perform or facilitate the various processes, layers, and modules described herein. For example, memory 206 may include dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Memory 206 may be communicatively coupled to processor 204 to provide processor 204 with computer code or instructions for performing at least some of the processes described herein. Furthermore, memory 206 may be or include tangible, non-transient volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Therefore, memory 206 may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure to support the various activities and information structures described herein.

[0061] Communication interface 216 may include any combination of wired and / or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, line terminals) for data communication with various systems, devices, or networks configured to enable in-vehicle communication (e.g., communication between vehicle components) and external communication (e.g., communication with a remote server). For example, regarding external / system communication, communication interface 216 may include an Ethernet card and ports for sending and receiving data over an Ethernet-based communication network, and / or a Wi-Fi transceiver for communication over a wireless communication network. Communication interface 216 may be configured to communicate over a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the Internet) and may use various communication protocols (e.g., IP, LON, Bluetooth, ZigBee, radio, cellular, near-field communication).

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the communication interface 216 can communicate with the engine 150, the exhaust aftertreatment system 170 (and / or its components), one or more sensors 190 and / or bypass valves 129.

[0063] The controller 200 and / or one or more of its components (such as bypass circuit 212) are configured to selectively operate the bypass valve 129. Regarding Figure 3 A more specific control method for operating the bypass valve 129 is described.

[0064] In some embodiments, the controller 200 may selectively operate an actuator that causes the bypass valve 129 to operate between a closed position (e.g., a first position) and a fully open or partially open position (e.g., a second position). Therefore, the bypass valve 129 may be an electrically controlled valve.

[0065] In some embodiments, the controller 200 may open the bypass valve 129. As described herein, opening the bypass valve 129 includes setting the position of the bypass valve 129 to an open position or a partially open position (e.g., a second position). Furthermore and / or additionally, opening the bypass valve 129 may include adjusting the position of the bypass valve 129 from its current position to a new position closer to the open position. Thus, when the controller 200 opens the bypass valve 129, the bypass valve 129 may be in a position between: (i) the current position and the fully open position, or (ii) the fully open position.

[0066] In some embodiments, controller 200 may close bypass valve 129. As described herein, closing bypass valve 129 includes setting the position of bypass valve 129 to a closed position. Additionally and / or further, closing bypass valve 129 may include adjusting the position of bypass valve 129 from its current position to a new position closer to the closed position. Therefore, when controller 200 closes bypass valve 129, bypass valve 129 may be in: (i) a position between the current position and the closed position, or (ii) the closed position.

[0067] As described above, controller 200 and / or one or more of its components (such as bypass circuit 212) can selectively operate bypass valve 129 to positions between a closed position and a fully open position. In these embodiments, controller 200 operates bypass valve 129 to positions between the closed and open positions, which correspond to a predetermined airflow rate (e.g., mass, volume, mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, etc.) through bypass conduit 128. For example, controller 200 can use a lookup table or model (e.g., machine learning model, mathematical model, etc.) to associate the position of the bypass valve with the airflow rate through bypass conduit 128. In this way, controller 200 can selectively control the airflow rate through bypass conduit 128.

[0068] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an example method 300 for selectively operating the bypass valve 129. Specifically, the controller 200 and / or one or more of its components (such as bypass circuitry 212) are configured to receive information (e.g., information from one or more sensors 190) and selectively operate the bypass valve 129, at least in part, based on the received information. The controller 200 may use one or more lookup tables or models to determine the position of the bypass valve 129. These one or more models may be a combination of multiple models, such as regression models, machine learning models including neural networks and other forms of artificial intelligence, dynamic models or equations of motion derived from data or from fundamental physical principles, etc.

[0069] It should be understood that the order of methods 300 is for illustrative purposes only. That is, one or more processes can be performed simultaneously, partially simultaneously, sequentially, and / or in a manner different from... Figure 3 The process is performed in the order shown. Furthermore, certain procedures in method 300 can be omitted, while other procedures can be added to method 300. Method 300 can be executed periodically and / or dynamically respond to changes in information transmitted from sensor 190.

[0070] In process 302, controller 200 receives compressor data. Specifically, controller 200 receives data regarding the first compressor 122. This data may be received from at least the first of one or more sensors 190. The data regarding the first compressor 122 may include: a compressor inlet pressure value regarding the upstream air pressure of the first compressor 122 received from a pressure sensor located upstream of the first compressor 122; a compressor inlet temperature value regarding the upstream air temperature of the first compressor 122 received from a temperature sensor located upstream of the first compressor 122; an exhaust manifold pressure value regarding the exhaust gas pressure at or near the exhaust manifold 162 received from a pressure sensor located at or near the exhaust manifold 162; an exhaust valve command regarding the position of the exhaust valve 144; and a booster air cooler pressure value regarding the air pressure at or near the booster air cooler 136 received from a pressure sensor located at or near the booster air cooler 136.

[0071] In some embodiments, during process 302, controller 200 receives data regarding the second compressor 132. This data may be received from at least a first of one or more sensors 190. The data may include: a compressor inlet pressure value regarding the upstream air pressure of the second compressor 132 received from a pressure sensor located upstream of the second compressor 132; a compressor inlet temperature value regarding the upstream air temperature of the second compressor 132 received from a temperature sensor located upstream of the second compressor 132; an exhaust manifold pressure value regarding the exhaust gas pressure at or near the exhaust manifold 162 received from a pressure sensor located at or near the exhaust manifold 162; an exhaust valve command regarding the position of the exhaust valve 144; and a booster air cooler pressure value regarding the air pressure at or near the booster air cooler 136 received from a pressure sensor located at or near the booster air cooler 136.

[0072] In process 304, controller 200 receives or determines the turbine speed. Specifically, controller 200 receives or determines the speed (e.g., a first turbine speed value) of the first turbine 124. The speed of the first turbine 124 can be the rotational speed of the first turbine 124 (typically measured in revolutions per minute (rpm)). In some embodiments, controller 200 may receive the first turbine speed value from memory 206 and / or another computing system (e.g., a remote computing system located far from system 100, an edge computing system as part of system 100, etc.) using one or more formulas and / or other processes. In other embodiments, controller 200 receives the first turbine speed value from a speed sensor associated with the first turbine 124 (e.g., a tachometer or other suitable sensor configured to acquire data about the speed of the first turbine 124). Controller 200 may use a lookup table or model to determine the speed of the first turbine 124 based on the received data about the first compressor 122. For example, a lookup table and / or model may associate one or more values ​​received in process 302 with the speed of the first turbine 124. More specifically, relatively high temperature and / or pressure values ​​(e.g., compressor inlet pressure, compressor inlet temperature, exhaust manifold pressure, and / or booster air cooler pressure) correspond to relatively high turbine speed values. Controller 200 may receive a first turbine speed value as a model and / or lookup table output.

[0073] In some embodiments, in process 304, controller 200 receives or determines the speed (e.g., a second turbine speed value) of the second turbine 134. The speed of the second turbine 134 may be the rotational speed of the second turbine 134 (typically measured in revolutions per minute (rpm)). In some embodiments, controller 200 may receive the second turbine speed value from memory 206 and / or another computing system (e.g., a remote computing system located far from system 100, an edge computing system as part of system 100, etc.) using one or more formulas and / or other processes. In other embodiments, controller 200 receives the second turbine speed value from a speed sensor associated with the second turbine 134 (e.g., a tachometer or other suitable sensor configured to acquire data about the speed of the second turbine 134). Controller 200 may determine the speed of the second turbine 134 based on received data about the second compressor 132 using a lookup table or model. For example, a lookup table and / or model may associate one or more values ​​received in process 302 with the speed of the second turbine 134. More specifically, relatively high temperature and / or pressure values ​​(e.g., compressor inlet pressure, compressor inlet temperature, exhaust manifold pressure, and / or booster air cooler pressure) correspond to relatively high turbine speed values. Controller 200 may receive a second turbine speed value as a model and / or lookup table output.

[0074] When an exhaust valve command indicates that exhaust valve 144 is open (e.g., to direct exhaust gas away from first turbine 124), controller 200 can determine that the first turbine speed value is at or below a predetermined low-speed threshold. For example, in some embodiments, controller 200 can determine that the first turbine speed value is at or near a predetermined speed, which may in particular be zero rpm. When an exhaust valve command indicates that exhaust valve 144 is closed (e.g., to direct exhaust gas towards first turbine 124), controller 200 can determine that the first turbine speed value is greater than a predetermined speed (i.e., greater than zero rpm), and controller 200 can use the lookup table and / or model described above to determine the first turbine speed value.

[0075] In process 306, controller 200 receives data about engine 150. This data about engine 150 can be received from at least a second of one or more sensors 190. For example, the data about engine 150 may include engine speed values ​​received from sensors associated with engine 150 (e.g., physical sensors located on or near engine 150 and / or virtual sensors associated with engine 150). Another example is that the data about engine 150 may include engine torque command values ​​received via user input (e.g., via one or more operator interface devices 220, such as an accelerator pedal, joystick, or other input device). The engine torque command may be received via a sensor associated with the input device, configured to acquire user input data received via the input device, such as the position of the accelerator pedal, the position of the joystick, etc.

[0076] In process 308, controller 200 receives or determines an airflow value. The airflow value may be an airflow command value (e.g., the amount of air expressed as mass, volume, mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, etc.) that corresponds to a desired or target air-fuel ratio. In some embodiments, controller 200 may receive the airflow value from memory 206 and / or other computing systems (e.g., a remote computing system located at a distance from system 100, an edge computing system as part of system 100, etc.). In other embodiments, controller 200 receives the airflow value from an airflow sensor located upstream of engine 150 (e.g., a mass airflow sensor, air meter, or other suitable sensor for acquiring data on the amount of air flowing to engine 150). Controller 200 may use a lookup table or model to determine the airflow command value based on the received engine 150 data and the desired or target air-fuel ratio. For example, a lookup table and / or model may associate one or more values ​​received in process 306 with the desired or target air-fuel ratio and the airflow command value. In some embodiments, controller 200 may use a lookup table or model to determine an airflow command value based on user input (e.g., the user depressing the accelerator pedal, inputting cruise control speed, or other user input corresponding to the output power of engine 150). The power output of engine 150 corresponds to the desired or target air-fuel ratio to achieve the commanded or desired power output. Therefore, the lookup table and / or model can associate one or more values ​​received in process 306, the desired or target air-fuel ratio (based on user input), with the airflow command value. In these embodiments, higher engine speed values ​​and / or torque command values ​​correspond to larger airflow values. Similarly, higher desired or target air-fuel ratios correspond to larger airflow values. Controller 200 may receive the output of the model and / or lookup table as the airflow value.

[0077] In process 310, controller 200 receives or determines a first temperature value for the second compressor 132. The first temperature value may be an estimated compressor outlet temperature value. Specifically, the compressor outlet temperature value is the temperature of the air at the outlet of the second compressor 132. Controller 200 may receive the estimated compressor outlet temperature value from memory 206 and / or other computing systems (e.g., a remote computing system located far from system 100, an edge computing system as part of system 100, etc.) using one or more formulas and / or other processes. Controller 200 may determine the compressor outlet temperature value based on a first turbine speed value (determined in process 304) and an airflow rate value (determined in process 308) using a lookup table or model. For example, the lookup table and / or model may correlate the first turbine speed value and the airflow rate value with the compressor outlet temperature value. Specifically, a higher turbine speed value corresponds to a larger compressor outlet temperature value. Similarly, a higher airflow rate value corresponds to a larger compressor outlet temperature value. Controller 200 may receive the output of the model and / or lookup table as the first temperature value.

[0078] In process 312, controller 200 compares the compressor outlet temperature value with a predetermined threshold. As mentioned above, the predetermined threshold may be based on the expected or optimal operating temperature of the second compressor 132. This temperature may be predefined, so different system architectures and component architectures may be associated with different expected or optimal operating temperatures. For example, the expected or optimal operating temperature of the second compressor 132 may be below 300°C, such as 250°C, 200°C, etc.

[0079] If the compressor outlet temperature is below a predetermined threshold, method 300 can proceed to process 314. If the compressor outlet temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold, method 300 can proceed to process 316. In both cases, controller 200 is configured to operate bypass valve 129 based on a comparison of the compressor outlet temperature with the predetermined threshold.

[0080] In process 314, in response to a first temperature value (e.g., compressor outlet temperature value) being lower than a predetermined threshold, controller 200 operates bypass valve 129 to open bypass valve 129. That is, controller 200 opens bypass valve 129. As described above, opening bypass valve 129 includes setting the position of bypass valve 129 to the open position. Additionally and / or, controller 200 is configured to operate bypass valve 129 to adjust towards the open position (e.g., by adjusting the position of bypass valve 129 from the current position to the fully open position, such that the new position of bypass valve 129 is closer to the fully open position than the current position).

[0081] Advantageously, opening the bypass valve 129 allows air to bypass the intercooler 126 (e.g., by directing airflow through the bypass duct 128), which in turn mitigates low airflow under certain engine operating conditions, such as low load conditions (e.g., engine speed or engine torque below a predetermined threshold). Furthermore, bypassing the intercooler 126 (e.g., by directing intake airflow through the bypass duct 128) mitigates the pressure drop (e.g., reduced intake airflow pressure) caused by the intercooler 126 (e.g., due to flow resistance caused by the intercooler 126 components).

[0082] In process 316, in response to a first temperature value (e.g., compressor outlet temperature value) being equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, controller 200 closes bypass valve 129. As described above, closing bypass valve 129 includes setting the position of bypass valve 129 to a first position. Additionally and / or, closing bypass valve 129 may include adjusting the position of bypass valve 129 from its current position to the first position, such that the new position of bypass valve 129 is closer to the first position than the current position.

[0083] Advantageously, closing the bypass valve 129 allows air to flow through the intercooler 126 (e.g., by substantially preventing or restricting air flow through the bypass duct 128), which in turn cools the intake airflow to achieve the target or desired intake airflow temperature at the outlet of the second compressor 132. Advantageously, cooling the air (e.g., by directing airflow through a cooling system) lowers the air temperature so that the air temperature at the outlet of the second compressor 132 is within the desired or ideal operating range.

[0084] The terms “about,” “approximately,” “substantially,” and similar terms used herein are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with common and accepted usage by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Those skilled in the art, upon reviewing this disclosure, will understand that these terms are intended to allow for the description of certain features without limiting those features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that non-substantial or insignificant modifications or alterations to the described and claimed subject matter are within the scope of the disclosure set forth in the appended claims.

[0085] It should be noted that the term "example" and its variations used herein to describe various embodiments are intended to indicate that these embodiments are possible examples, representations, or illustrations (these terms are not intended to indicate that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or exceptional examples).

[0086] As used herein, the term "coupling" and its variations refer to the direct or indirect connection of two components together. This connection can be static (e.g., permanent or fixed) or movable (e.g., detachable or releasable). Such a connection can be achieved by direct coupling of two components, coupling of two components using one or more separate intermediate components, or coupling of two components using an intermediate component integrally formed with one of the components as a single unit. If "coupling" or its variations are modified by an additional term (e.g., direct coupling), the general definition of "coupling" described above will be modified by the literal meaning of the additional term (e.g., "direct coupling" means a connection of two components without any separate intermediate components), resulting in a narrower definition than the general definition of "coupling" described above. This coupling can be mechanical, electrical, or fluid. For example, "communication coupling" of circuit A and circuit B can mean that circuit A communicates directly with circuit B (i.e., without an intermediary) or indirectly with circuit B (e.g., through one or more intermediaries).

[0087] References to the location of components in this document (e.g., "top," "bottom," "above," "below") are used only to describe the orientation of the various components in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the orientation of the various components may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and such variations are intended to be covered by this disclosure.

[0088] Although Figure 2 Various circuits with specific functions are shown in the illustration, but it should be understood that controller 200 may include any number of circuits for performing the functions described herein. For example, the activities and functions of processing circuitry 202 may be combined in multiple circuits or as a single circuit. Additional circuitry with additional functions may also be included. Furthermore, controller 200 may control other activities beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0089] As described above, in one configuration, the "circuit" can be implemented in a machine-readable medium and executed by various types of processors, such as... Figure 2The bypass circuit 212 in the example. Executable code may include one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which may be organized into objects, procedures, or functions. However, this executable code does not necessarily have to be physically placed together, but may include different instructions stored in different locations that, when logically combined, form a circuit and achieve the intended purpose of that circuit. In practice, the circuit of computer-readable program code can be a single instruction or multiple instructions, and may even be distributed across several different code segments, different programs, and multiple memories. Similarly, operational variables can be identified and described in the circuit and can be embodied in any suitable form and organized in any suitable type of data structure. Operational variables may be collected as a single dataset or distributed across different locations, including across different storage devices, and may exist at least in part only as electronic signals on a system or network.

[0090] Although the term "processor" has been briefly defined above, "processor" and "processing circuitry" should be understood broadly. In this regard, as stated above, a "processor" can be implemented as one or more processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other electronic data processing components suitable for executing instructions provided by memory. One or more processors can take the form of a single-core processor, a multi-core processor (e.g., a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, etc.), a microprocessor, etc. In some embodiments, one or more processors can be located external to the device, for example, as a remote processor (e.g., a cloud processor). Alternatively, one or more processors can be internal and / or local processors of the device. In this regard, a given circuitry or its components can be arranged locally (e.g., as part of a local server, a local computing system, etc.) or remotely (e.g., as part of a remote server such as a cloud server). Therefore, the "circuitryry" described herein can include components distributed in one or more locations.

[0091] Embodiments within the scope of this disclosure include program products comprising a computer- or machine-readable medium that carries or stores computer- or machine-executable instructions or data structures. Such a machine-readable medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer. A computer-readable medium can be a tangible computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable program code. A computer-readable storage medium can be (but is not limited to) an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, holographic, micromechanical, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable medium may include (but are not limited to) portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), portable read-only optical discs (CD-ROM), digital versatile optical discs (DVDs), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, holographic storage media, micromechanical storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains and / or stores computer-readable program code that is available for use by and / or connected to an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Machine-executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data that cause a computer or processing machine to perform a particular function or group of functions.

[0092] Computer-readable media can also be computer-readable signal media. Computer-readable signal media may include propagated data signals in which computer-readable program code is embedded, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such propagated signals may take many forms, including (but not limited to) electrical signals, electromagnetic signals, magnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media can be a computer-readable medium of any non-computer-readable storage medium capable of communicating, propagating, or transmitting computer-readable program code for use by or connection to an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Computer-readable program code embedded in a computer-readable signal medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including (but not limited to) wireless, wired, fiber optic cable, radio frequency (RF), or any suitable combination thereof.

[0093] In one embodiment, a computer-readable medium may include a combination of one or more computer-readable storage media and one or more computer-readable signal media. For example, computer-readable program code may simultaneously be transmitted as an electromagnetic signal via an optical fiber cable for processor execution and stored in a RAM storage device for processor execution.

[0094] Computer-readable program code used to perform the operations of various aspects of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more other programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​(such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, etc.) and traditional procedural programming languages ​​(such as the "C" language or similar programming languages). The computer-readable program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a stand-alone computer-readable package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network (including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)) or via an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0095] Program code may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can instruct a computer, other programmable data processing device or other equipment to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture that implements the function / action specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0096] While the illustrations and descriptions may illustrate a specific sequence of method steps, the order of these steps may differ from that described unless otherwise specified above. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified above, two or more steps may be performed simultaneously or partially simultaneously. This variation may depend on the chosen software and hardware system and the designer's choices. All such variations are within the scope of this disclosure. Similarly, the software implementation of the method can use standard programming techniques, including rule-based logic and other logic, to accomplish various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps, and decision steps.

[0097] It should be noted that the structure and arrangement of the apparatus and systems shown in the various example embodiments are for illustrative purposes only. Furthermore, any element disclosed in one embodiment may be combined with or used in any other embodiment disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A system, characterized in that, include: A controller coupled to an intake system that provides intake air to the engine, the intake system including a first compressor and a second compressor, the controller including one or more processors and one or more memories, the memories storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: Receive a first temperature value for the second compressor; In response to the first temperature value being equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, the bypass valve is operated to adjust to a first position such that air received by the intake system flows through a heat exchanger before flowing to the second compressor, wherein the bypass valve is located downstream of the first compressor and upstream of the second compressor. as well as In response to the first temperature value being lower than the predetermined threshold, the bypass valve is operated to adjust to a second position, such that the air received by the intake system is directed away from the heat exchanger and flows through the bypass pipe before flowing to the second compressor.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When executed by the one or more processors, the instructions cause the one or more processors to perform the following further operations: Receive data about the first compressor from at least one first sensor; as well as Receive a first turbine speed value relating to the speed of the first turbine coupled to the first compressor; The first temperature value is based on the first turbine speed value.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data regarding the first compressor includes at least one of the following: The compressor inlet pressure value received from the first pressure sensor regarding the air pressure received by the intake system upstream of the first compressor; The compressor inlet temperature value received from the temperature sensor regarding the air temperature received by the intake system upstream of the first compressor; Exhaust manifold pressure value received from the second pressure sensor regarding the exhaust gas pressure at or near the exhaust manifold connected to the engine exhaust gas; or The boost air cooler pressure value received from the third pressure sensor regarding the air pressure at the boost air cooler near the intake system.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When executed by the one or more processors, the instruction causes the one or more processors to perform the following further operation: using a model that associates at least one of the compressor inlet pressure value, the compressor inlet temperature value, the exhaust manifold pressure value, or the boost air cooler pressure value with the first turbine speed value, wherein the first turbine speed value is the output of the model.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data regarding the first compressor includes exhaust valve commands regarding the exhaust valve position associated with the second turbine coupled to the second compressor.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In response to the exhaust valve command instructing the exhaust valve to open at least partially, the first turbine speed value is equal to or lower than a predetermined low-speed threshold.

7. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, When executed by the one or more processors, the instructions cause the one or more processors to perform the following further operations: Receive data about the engine from at least one second sensor; and Based on the data about the engine, receive the airflow value about the engine; The first temperature value is further based on the air flow rate value.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data regarding the engine includes at least one of the following: Engine speed values ​​received from sensors associated with the engine; or Engine torque command value.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When executed by the one or more processors, the instruction causes the one or more processors to perform the following further operation: using a model that associates at least one of the engine speed value or the engine torque command value with the airflow value, wherein the airflow value is the output of the model.

10. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When executed by the one or more processors, the instructions cause the one or more processors to perform the following further operation: using a model that associates the first turbine speed value, the airflow value, and the first temperature value, wherein the first temperature value is the output of the model.

11. A method, characterized in that, include: A controller coupled to the intake system receives a first temperature value for the second compressor, the intake system including the first and second compressors; In response to the first temperature value being equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, the controller operates a bypass valve to adjust it to a first position, such that air received by the intake system is guided to flow through a heat exchanger before flowing to the second compressor, wherein the bypass valve is located downstream of the first compressor and upstream of the second compressor. as well as In response to the first temperature value being lower than the predetermined threshold, the controller operates the bypass valve to adjust it to a second position, such that the air received by the intake system is directed away from the heat exchanger and flows through the bypass pipe before flowing to the second compressor.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, Also includes: Receive data about the first compressor from at least one first sensor; as well as Receive a first turbine speed value relating to the speed of the first turbine coupled to the first compressor; The first temperature value is based on the first turbine speed value.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The data regarding the first compressor includes at least one of the following: The compressor inlet pressure value received from the first pressure sensor regarding the air pressure received by the intake system upstream of the first compressor; The compressor inlet temperature value received from the temperature sensor regarding the air temperature received by the intake system upstream of the first compressor; The exhaust manifold pressure value received from the second pressure sensor regarding the exhaust gas pressure at or near the exhaust manifold connected to the engine exhaust gas, wherein the engine is in air communication with the intake system; or The boost air cooler pressure value received from the third pressure sensor regarding the air pressure at the boost air cooler near the intake system.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, Also includes: A model is used that associates at least one of the compressor inlet pressure value, the compressor inlet temperature value, the exhaust manifold pressure value, or the boost air cooler pressure value with the first turbine speed value, wherein the first turbine speed value is the output of the model.

15. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, Also includes: Data about the engine in communication with the air intake system is received from at least one second sensor; as well as Based on the data about the engine, receive the airflow value about the engine; The first temperature value is further based on the air flow rate value.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, Also includes: A model is used that associates at least one of an engine speed value or an engine torque command value with the airflow value, wherein the airflow value is the output of the model; The data regarding the engine mentioned therein includes at least one of the following: The engine speed value received from sensors associated with the engine; or The engine torque command value.

17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, Also includes: A model is used that correlates the first turbine speed value, the airflow value, and the first temperature value, wherein the first temperature value is the output of the model.

18. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, Also includes: A model is used that associates user input with the airflow value, where the airflow value is the output of the model.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a processing circuit, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: Receive the first temperature value for the second compressor in the intake system; In response to the first temperature value being equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, the bypass valve is adjusted to a first position such that air received by the intake system is directed to flow through a heat exchanger before flowing to the second compressor, wherein the bypass valve is located downstream of the first compressor and upstream of the second compressor; and In response to the first temperature value being lower than the predetermined threshold, the bypass valve is operated to adjust to a second position, such that the air received by the intake system is directed away from the heat exchanger and flows through the bypass pipe before flowing to the second compressor.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 19, characterized in that: The first position is the closed position; and The second position is either the open position or a position between the closed position and the open position.

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