A beef cattle fermentation bed breeding management and control method and system based on environmental data

Abstract

The application discloses a beef cattle fermentation bed breeding management and control method and system based on environmental data, and particularly relates to the technical field of non-electric variable regulation and control decision, and is used for solving the problem that the existing closed-loop regulation and control method does not take the coupling physical quantity carried by the input regulation and control action into the decision model, and the non-target physical quantity introduced by the regulation and control action inhibits the reaction process of the controlled system; the method is realized through the following steps: collecting a target control variable and a coupling physical quantity associated with the regulation and control action, judging the same direction correlation between the cumulative change direction of the coupling physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable before triggering the regulation and control action request to inhibit self-induced deviation, judging the superposition state according to the effect critical position after triggering, evaluating the deterioration risk, comprehensively judging the net effect direction, and realizing the hierarchical decision of inhibition, inverse proportional reduction correction or normal execution of the regulation and control action according to the net effect direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of non-electric variable control decision-making technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for the management and control of beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of operational control of complex biological reaction systems, closed-loop control methods based on environmental parameter feedback have been widely used. A typical control logic involves deploying a sensor array within the controlled object to collect real-time data on key state variables such as temperature and gas concentration. When the monitored values ​​deviate from preset thresholds or target ranges, the system automatically triggers corresponding actuator actions to attempt to pull the controlled variables back to the ideal range. In practical engineering, this type of method typically manifests as single-parameter threshold triggering or linear proportional control, relying on pre-calibrated fixed rule tables or conditional decision trees for decision-making. Its implicit premise is that the direction of influence of each actuator's action on the controlled system is definite and predictable.

[0003] However, the actual operation of the above control architecture has revealed a deep-seated defect that has long been overlooked. When the actuator implements regulation by introducing a certain component into the controlled system, the action does not only apply a component, but also carries the medium on which the component is attached. The physical quantities contained in the medium constitute significant coupling disturbances to other key state variables within the controlled system. Since existing control methods only focus on the deviation of the target variable in the decision-making stage and do not incorporate the multivariate coupling effects caused by the action itself into the decision model, under certain operating conditions, the non-target physical quantities introduced by the regulation action can severely inhibit the system's response process, causing the controlled system to enter an unintended vicious cycle where the target deviation further expands and the regulation action further exacerbates the deviation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for the management and control of beef cattle fermentation bed breeding based on environmental data to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for managing beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data includes: S1: Collect environmental state variables of the controlled biological reaction system, including target control variables and coupled physical quantities. Coupled physical quantities are non-target physical quantities that are associated with the applied regulatory actions required to regulate the target control variables. S2: Obtain the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable. If the two are correlated in the same direction, no control action request will be generated; otherwise, a control action request will be generated. S3: When generating a control action request, determine the critical position of the effect sudden change based on the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable. Based on the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the relationship between the incremental judgment superposition result of the coupled physical quantity introduced by the implementation of the control action and the critical position of the effect sudden change, obtain the state change prediction result. S4: Determine the deterioration steep increase zone based on the tolerance characteristics of the controlled biological reaction system to the coupled physical quantity, determine whether the state change prediction result causes the coupled physical quantity to enter the deterioration steep increase zone, and generate the deterioration risk judgment result. S5: Based on the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk assessment results, evaluate the direction of the net effect of the applied control action on the target control variable; S6: If the net effect is opposite to the control target, then suppress or correct the applied control action; otherwise, execute the applied control action.

[0006] Furthermore, S1 includes: The required interventional control action is determined by identifying the target control variable. All media parameters on which the regulatory component applied to the controlled bioreaction system depends are identified. From all media parameters, the accompanying physical quantities that are different from the regulatory component are screened out. Among the screened accompanying physical quantities, those physical quantities that affect the biochemical processes in the controlled bioreaction system and whose change direction is synchronous with the interventional control action are identified as coupled physical quantities. The target control variable and the coupled physical quantity are synchronously collected by sensors deployed in the controlled bioreaction system to obtain the environmental state variables.

[0007] Furthermore, S2 includes: The values ​​of the coupled physical quantities at each sampling time within the preset backtracking period are extracted from the collected environmental state variables to form a time series of the coupled physical quantities. The overall trend of the time series of coupled physical quantities is determined as the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantities. Obtain the difference between the current monitored value of the target control variable and the target value of the target control variable, and determine the direction corresponding to the positive or negative sign of the difference as the deviation direction of the target control variable; When the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable are both positive or both negative, they are determined to be correlated in the same direction and no control action request is generated; otherwise, they are determined to be correlated in different directions and a control action request is generated.

[0008] Furthermore, the overall trend direction of the time series of coupled physical quantities is determined as the cumulative change direction of coupled physical quantities, including: taking the initial value corresponding to the start point of the preset backtracking period and the final value corresponding to the end point from the time series of coupled physical quantities, calculating the difference between the final value and the initial value, determining the cumulative change direction of coupled physical quantities as positive when the difference is positive, determining it as negative when the difference is negative, and determining it as directionless and directly generating a control action request when the difference is zero.

[0009] Furthermore, S3 includes: Obtain corresponding records of the changes in coupled physical quantities and the changes in the response of the target control variable during the historical operation of the controlled biological reaction system. Extract the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantities on the target control variable from the corresponding records. Determine the position where the slope of the response change in the influence characteristics undergoes a step shift within adjacent value intervals as the critical position of the effect abrupt change. The current value of the coupled physical quantity is taken as the current value of the coupled physical quantity. The increment of the coupled physical quantity to be introduced by the implementation of the applied control action is calculated according to the execution parameters of the applied control action. The current value of the coupled physical quantity is added to the increment of the coupled physical quantity to obtain the superposition result. The relationship between the superposition result and the critical position of the rapid change of the effect is determined. When the superposition result exceeds the critical position of the rapid change of the effect, the state change prediction result is that the response change has entered the step amplification region. When the superposition result does not exceed the critical position of the rapid change of the effect, the state change prediction result is that the response change is in the near-linear region.

[0010] Furthermore, the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable are extracted from the corresponding records. The position where the slope of the response change in the influence characteristics undergoes a step shift within adjacent value intervals is determined as the critical position of the effect abrupt change. This includes: arranging the corresponding records of the change in the coupled physical quantity and the response change of the target control variable in ascending order of the value of the coupled physical quantity; calculating the ratio of the response change to the change in the coupled physical quantity between each two adjacent record points along the arrangement direction as the slope; and determining the value of the coupled physical quantity at the intersection of the two slopes as the critical position of the effect abrupt change when the difference between two consecutively adjacent calculated slopes exceeds a preset multiple of the previous slope.

[0011] Furthermore, S4 includes: Data on the degree of deviation of the target control variable from the regulation target at different levels of coupled physical quantities are extracted from the historical operation records of the controlled biological reaction system. The range of coupled physical quantity values ​​where the degree of deviation from the regulation target deteriorates rapidly is identified as the deterioration steep increase region. The basis for identifying the deterioration steep increase region is recorded as the tolerance characteristics of the controlled biological reaction system to the coupled physical quantities. When the state change prediction result is that the response change enters the step amplification region, it is determined whether the sum of the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the increment of the coupled physical quantity falls into the deterioration steep increase region. If it falls into the region, a judgment result of having a risk of deterioration is generated; if it does not fall into the region, a judgment result of having no risk of deterioration is generated. When the predicted state change result indicates that the response change is in the near-linear region, the absence of deterioration risk is directly taken as the result of the deterioration risk assessment.

[0012] Furthermore, S5 includes: When the predicted state change indicates that the response change has entered the step amplification region and the risk of deterioration is determined to be at risk of deterioration, the direction of the net effect is determined to be opposite to the control target of the target control variable. When the predicted state change result is that the response change is in the near-linear region and the risk of deterioration is determined to be no risk of deterioration, the direction of the net effect is determined to be the same as the regulation target of the target control variable. In other cases, obtain the trend direction of the target control variable before the implementation of the applied control action. If the trend direction deviates from the control target, the net effect direction is determined to be opposite to the control target. If the trend direction approaches the control target, the net effect direction is determined to be the same as the control target.

[0013] Furthermore, S6 includes: When the direction of the net effect is opposite to the control target and the risk of deterioration is determined to be a risk of deterioration, the execution of the applied control action is prevented and an action inhibition command is generated. When the direction of the net effect is opposite to the control target and the risk of deterioration is determined to be no risk of deterioration, the execution parameters of the applied control action are reduced inversely proportional to the distance between the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the critical position of the effect sudden change, and the modified applied control action is generated and executed. When the direction of the net effect is the same as the control target, an applied control action is executed.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention provides a beef cattle fermentation bed breeding management and control system based on environmental data, comprising: The environmental acquisition module is used to acquire environmental state variables of the controlled biological reaction system, including target control variables and coupled physical quantities. The coupled physical quantities are non-target physical quantities that are associated with the applied regulatory actions required to regulate the target control variables. The request generation module is used to obtain the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable. When the two are correlated in the same direction, no control action request is generated; otherwise, a control action request is generated. The state prediction module is used to determine the critical position of the sudden change of the effect based on the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable when a control action request is generated. Based on the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the relationship between the incremental judgment superposition result of the coupled physical quantity introduced by the implementation of the control action and the critical position of the sudden change of the effect, the state change prediction result is obtained. The deterioration determination module is used to determine the deterioration abrupt increase zone based on the tolerance characteristics of the controlled biological reaction system to the coupled physical quantity, to determine whether the state change prediction result causes the coupled physical quantity to enter the deterioration abrupt increase zone, and to generate a deterioration risk determination result. The effect assessment module is used to assess the direction of the net effect of the applied control action on the target control variable based on the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk assessment results. The control execution module is used to suppress or correct the applied control action if the direction of the net effect is opposite to the control target; otherwise, it executes the applied control action.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By incorporating the coupled physical quantities inherent in the applied control action into the control decision closed loop, the implicit assumption of unidirectional benefit in traditional feedback control is broken from the source. By judging whether there is a co-directional correlation between the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable before triggering the control action request, the self-achieved deviation caused by the accumulation of media from past control actions can be identified and suppressed. This avoids the system repeatedly triggering similar actions without realizing its own side effects, thereby cutting off the unintended loop formed between the continuous expansion of the target deviation and the continuous aggravation of the control action. After generating the control action request, the critical position of the effect change is further determined based on the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable. The trend of state change is predicted based on whether the current value and the introduced increment exceed the critical position. This makes the prediction of the effect of the control action no longer rely on linear extrapolation, but on the segmented judgment based on the nonlinear response characteristics of the system itself, making up for the deficiency of fixed gain control in not being able to perceive the switching of response intervals.

[0016] 2. By introducing a deterioration-sharp increase region for coupled physical quantities, the prediction results are placed within the system's tolerance boundary for secondary verification. In addition to the state change prediction judgment, an independent assessment of whether the coupled physical quantities have entered the irreversible deterioration range is superimposed. The determination of the net effect direction integrates the prediction conclusion of the response range and the deterioration risk assessment conclusion. When the two are inconsistent, the trend direction of the target control variable itself is introduced as a third-party decision dimension, avoiding the directional misjudgment that may occur under critical conditions by a single criterion. Based on different combinations of net effect direction and deterioration risk, different hierarchical strategies are adopted for the applied control actions, such as complete suppression, inverse proportional reduction according to distance, or normal execution. This makes the control actions no longer a polarized output of full or zero quantity, but a continuous adjustment behavior closely related to the critical margin of system state changes. Overall, it improves the logical rigor of feedback control and the adaptability of action output in complex biochemical environments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for managing beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data, according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a beef cattle fermentation bed breeding and management system based on environmental data according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: Figure 1 This invention provides a method for managing beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data, comprising: S1: Collect environmental state variables of the controlled biological reaction system, including target control variables and coupled physical quantities. Coupled physical quantities are non-target physical quantities that are associated with the applied regulatory actions required to regulate the target control variables. S2: Obtain the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable. If the two are correlated in the same direction, no control action request will be generated; otherwise, a control action request will be generated. S3: When generating a control action request, determine the critical position of the effect sudden change based on the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable. Based on the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the relationship between the incremental judgment superposition result of the coupled physical quantity introduced by the implementation of the control action and the critical position of the effect sudden change, obtain the state change prediction result. S4: Determine the deterioration steep increase zone based on the tolerance characteristics of the controlled biological reaction system to the coupled physical quantity, determine whether the state change prediction result causes the coupled physical quantity to enter the deterioration steep increase zone, and generate the deterioration risk judgment result. S5: Based on the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk assessment results, evaluate the direction of the net effect of the applied control action on the target control variable; S6: If the net effect is opposite to the control target, then suppress or correct the applied control action; otherwise, execute the applied control action.

[0020] This embodiment uses the fermented beef cattle breeding scenario as a carrier to explain in detail the specific implementation method of collecting environmental state variables in S1.

[0021] Fermented bed farming for beef cattle is a farming model in which organic bedding materials such as straw are laid on the ground and inoculated with microbial agents, and the cattle manure is decomposed through aerobic fermentation. In this farming model, the controlled bioreactor system is the aerobic fermentation bedding layer laid on the floor of the cattle shed, which consists of straw bedding, inoculated microbial agents, and cattle manure.

[0022] The target control variable is the fermentation activity indicator value. This indicator value reflects the intensity of aerobic metabolism of microorganisms within the aerobic fermentation bed, comprehensively characterizing whether the fermentation process is within a normal range. The fermentation activity indicator value is obtained through temperature sensors deployed inside the aerobic fermentation bed. The method involves taking the average temperature rise at multiple temperature measurement points at a depth of 30-50 cm within the aerobic fermentation bed over a unit time window, using this average temperature rise as the real-time monitoring value of the fermentation activity indicator value. The 30-50 cm depth within the aerobic fermentation bed is the core heat-generating region of aerobic fermentation; the temperature rise in this region directly reflects the activity level of microorganisms in decomposing organic matter. If the average temperature rise is lower than the preset minimum activity threshold, it indicates insufficient metabolic intensity of microorganisms within the aerobic fermentation bed, requiring the initiation of control measures to restore fermentation activity. The interventional control action required to regulate the target control variable is spraying a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed. Fermentation bed special bacterial liquid is a liquid preparation made by mixing locally screened compound microbial agents with clean water according to a preset bacterial-water ratio. The regulating component is aerobic microbial live organisms suspended in the fermentation bed special bacterial liquid.

[0023] After determining that the application-type control action is the spraying of a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, the parameters of the media to which the control components applied to the controlled bioreactor system during the application-type control action are attached are identified. The control component applied to the aerobic fermentation bed layer by the spraying of the special bacterial solution is live aerobic microorganisms, and the medium to which these live aerobic microorganisms are attached is liquid water. The remaining portion of the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, excluding the live aerobic microorganisms, is clear water. All media parameters include the volume and temperature parameters of the liquid water.

[0024] From all media parameters, auxiliary physical quantities that differ from the regulating components were screened. The volume and temperature parameters of the liquid water were both different from the regulating components, namely, the aerobic microorganisms. Among the screened auxiliary physical quantities, those that affected the biochemical processes within the controlled bioreactor system and whose changes were synchronized with the applied regulatory action were identified as coupled physical quantities. In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the biochemical process within the aerobic fermentation mat is an aerobic fermentation process, which is highly dependent on the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat. When the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat is too low, microbial metabolism stagnates; when the moisture content is too high, the pores inside the aerobic fermentation mat are filled and blocked by liquid water, hindering oxygen diffusion and inhibiting the aerobic fermentation process. The application of a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, while supplementing the controlled bioreactor system with aerobic microorganisms, also introduces a large amount of liquid water into the system as a medium. The volume change of the liquid water is directly reflected in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat. The coupled physical quantity was determined to be the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat. The direction of change in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat is synchronously linked to the spraying amount of the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, which is an application-type control action. The greater the spraying amount, the greater the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat.

[0025] Environmental state variables are obtained by synchronously collecting data from target control variables and coupled physical quantities using sensors deployed within the controlled bioreactor system. The target control variable is the fermentation activity indicator, acquired by multiple temperature sensors deployed 30-50 cm deep within the aerobic fermentation bedding layer. The coupled physical quantity is the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation bedding layer, acquired by multiple moisture sensors deployed 10-20 cm below the surface of the bedding layer. Each moisture sensor measures the volumetric moisture content of the straw bedding material at its location, and the arithmetic mean of the measurements is taken as the monitored moisture content of the aerobic fermentation bedding layer. Multiple temperature and moisture sensors are triggered synchronously at a set time, determined based on the daily temperature variations in the cattle shed, for example, every 15 minutes. The synchronously acquired fermentation activity indicator and the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation bedding layer constitute the environmental state variables for use in subsequent steps.

[0026] The preset minimum activity threshold is determined based on historical monitoring data of the basic temperature rise capacity of the aerobic fermentation mat to cattle manure under normal operating conditions. Specifically, it is determined by obtaining a sample set of average temperature rise amplitudes during periods of stable operation when no significant fermentation decline occurs, and taking the minimum value in this sample set as the preset minimum activity threshold. The preset bacteria-to-water ratio is determined based on the activation ratio recommended in the product instructions of the selected locally screened compound microbial agent; for example, the preset bacteria-to-water ratio is 1:1.

[0027] Based on the environmental state variables collected in S1, this paper provides a detailed explanation of the specific implementation method for obtaining the cumulative change direction of coupled physical quantities and the deviation direction of target control variables in S2, and determining whether to generate a control action request accordingly.

[0028] In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the coupled physical quantity is the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat, the target control variable is the fermentation activity indicator value, and the applied control action is spraying a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed. S1 has synchronously collected environmental state variables through multiple temperature sensors and multiple moisture sensors deployed in the aerobic fermentation mat at a synchronous sampling period. The environmental state variables include the time series of the fermentation activity indicator value and the time series of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat.

[0029] The coupled physical quantities are extracted from the collected environmental state variables, and their values ​​at each sampling moment within a preset backtracking period are used to form a time series of coupled physical quantities. The preset backtracking period is a fixed time window that traces backward from the current sampling moment. The time span of the preset backtracking period is determined based on the average time required for the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat to recover to the pre-spraying level after a single spraying of the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution. Specifically, it is determined by obtaining a sample set of the time lengths from the initial rise in moisture content to the fall back to the pre-spraying level in historical spraying events of the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution, and taking the time length in the middle position after arranging the time lengths in the sample set in ascending order as the time span of the preset backtracking period. For example, the time span of the preset backtracking period is 6 hours. The time series of coupled physical quantities consists of the monitored moisture content values ​​of the aerobic fermentation mat corresponding to each synchronous sampling cycle within the preset backtracking period, arranged in chronological order of sampling time.

[0030] The overall trend of the time series of coupled physical quantities is determined as the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantities. The initial value corresponding to the start of a preset backtracking period and the final value corresponding to the end of the time series are taken from the coupled physical quantity time series. The final value is the monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat at the current sampling time, and the initial value is the monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat at the sampling time corresponding to the start of the preset backtracking period. The cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantities is determined based on the difference between the final value and the initial value; a positive difference indicates a positive direction, a negative difference indicates a negative direction, and a zero difference indicates no direction and a direct generation of a control action request. A positive difference indicates that the liquid water introduced by spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed continues to accumulate in the aerobic fermentation mat during the preset backtracking period, and the overall moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat increases; a negative difference indicates that the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat is decreasing; and a zero difference indicates that the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat remains unchanged during the preset backtracking period.

[0031] The difference between the current monitored value of the target control variable and its target value is obtained, and the direction corresponding to the positive or negative sign of the difference is determined as the deviation direction of the target control variable. The target control variable is the fermentation activity indicator value, and the current monitored value is the real-time monitoring value of the fermentation activity indicator value at the current sampling time. The target control variable's control objective is the target fermentation activity level that the aerobic fermentation mat should maintain under normal fermentation conditions. The target fermentation activity level is determined based on the arithmetic mean of the monitored fermentation activity indicator values ​​during the stable operation period of the aerobic fermentation mat when no fermentation decline occurs and the cattle are in a normal lying state. The deviation direction of the target control variable is determined based on the difference between the current monitored value and the target value. When the difference is positive, the deviation direction is positive, indicating that the fermentation activity indicator value is higher than the target fermentation activity level; when the difference is negative, the deviation direction is negative, indicating that the fermentation activity indicator value is lower than the target fermentation activity level, and the fermentation process of the aerobic fermentation mat is weakening; when the difference is zero, the deviation direction is zero.

[0032] When the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable are both positive or both negative, they are determined to be correlated in the same direction, and no control action request is generated. If they are not correlated in the same direction, the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity is positive and the deviation direction of the target control variable is negative, or the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity is negative and the deviation direction of the target control variable is positive, or the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity is any combination of no direction and the deviation direction of the target control variable, or the deviation direction of the target control variable is any combination of no deviation and the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity. If they are correlated in different directions, they are determined to be correlated in different directions, and a control action request is generated. A positive correlation indicates that the cumulative change in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat tends to align with the deviation of the fermentation activity indicator value. This means that the fermentation activity indicator value deviates when the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat is continuously increasing, or vice versa. There is no direct causal relationship between the cumulative change in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat and the deviation of the fermentation activity indicator value. The current deviation of the fermentation activity indicator value is not driven by insufficient or excessive moisture content in the aerobic fermentation mat, and it is not advisable to spray the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution again for adjustment. A negative correlation indicates a reasonable causal relationship between the change in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat and the deviation of the fermentation activity indicator value, generating a request for adjustment action to initiate further evaluation of the subsequent applied adjustment action of spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution.

[0033] This paper provides a detailed explanation of the specific implementation method for determining the critical position of the effect in S3 and obtaining the state change prediction result based on the relationship between the superposition result and the critical position of the effect.

[0034] In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the controlled bioreactor system is the aerobic fermentation mat, the coupled physical quantity is the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat, the target control variable is the fermentation activity indicator value, and the applied control action is spraying a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed. S2 has generated a control action request, triggering further evaluation of the applied control action of spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed.

[0035] This involves acquiring corresponding records of the changes in coupled physical quantities and the response changes of the target control variable during the historical operation of a controlled bioreactor system. In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the historical operation process refers to all monitoring periods after the aerobic fermentation mat is laid, inoculated with microbial agents, and enters a stable operating period. The corresponding records consist of pairs of the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat during each spraying of the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution and the response change of the fermentation activity indicator value after spraying. The increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat is determined by the difference between the monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat before spraying and the peak monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat after spraying. The monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat before spraying is the value collected in the most recent synchronous sampling cycle before the spraying action is executed. The peak monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat after spraying is the monitored value at the moment when the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat rises to its highest point after the spraying action is executed. The change in the fermentation activity indicator value after spraying is determined by the difference between the average monitoring value of the fermentation activity indicator value during the preset observation period after spraying and the monitoring value of the fermentation activity indicator value collected in the most recent synchronous sampling period before spraying. The preset observation period is the lag time window required for the fermentation activity indicator value to show a measurable response after spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed. For example, the preset observation period is the period between 30 minutes and 120 minutes after spraying.

[0036] The influence characteristics of coupled physical quantities on the target control variable are extracted from the corresponding records. The location where the slope of the response change in the influence characteristics undergoes a step shift within adjacent value intervals is determined as the critical position of the effect abrupt change. The corresponding records of the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat and the response change of the fermentation activity indicator are arranged in ascending order of the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat. The ratio of the response change of the fermentation activity indicator to the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat between each two adjacent records is calculated as the slope. The slope K is calculated as: K=|ΔR| / |ΔMa|; where ΔR represents the difference between the response change of the fermentation activity indicator in the later record point and the response change of the fermentation activity indicator in the earlier record point, with the dimension of temperature change; ΔMa represents the difference between the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the later record point and the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the earlier record point, with the dimension of percentage. Each K corresponds to a range of values ​​representing the increase in moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat between two adjacent recording points. The slope K corresponding to adjacent value ranges is compared sequentially along the direction of increasing moisture content. When the ratio of the latter K value to the former K value in two consecutive adjacent K values ​​exceeds a preset multiple, the increase in moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat at the boundary of these two value ranges is determined as the critical position of the abrupt change in effect.

[0037] The preset multiplier is set based on the non-linear abrupt change characteristic of the relationship between the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat and the response change of the fermentation activity indicator value under the scenario of spraying special bacterial liquid for the fermentation bed. Specifically, the setting method is to select all record points from the corresponding records that cover the range from the minimum to the maximum value of the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat. After arranging all record points in ascending order of the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat, the adjacent slopes are calculated sequentially. The maximum value of the ratio of the latter slope to the former slope in the adjacent slopes is halved, and the halved value is used as the preset multiplier. For example, when the maximum value of the ratio of adjacent slopes in all record points corresponds to 8, the preset multiplier is set to 4.

[0038] Once the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat exceeds the critical point of abrupt change in effect, further increasing the moisture content has a drastically diminishing effect on improving the fermentation activity indicator. This is because excessively high moisture content hinders oxygen diffusion within the aerobic fermentation mat, causing the fermentation activity indicator to decline in the opposite direction. Identifying the critical point of abrupt change in effect can capture this nonlinear response characteristic. Compared to existing technologies that use fixed threshold control without considering the nonlinear effects of the physical quantities accompanying the control action on the system, this method automatically identifies the location where the response slope jumps from historical records. This allows the prediction of the application-type control action of spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution to no longer be based on linear extrapolation assumptions, but rather on the actual response characteristics of the controlled system itself. The prediction results are more closely aligned with the actual operating patterns of the aerobic fermentation mat.

[0039] The current value of the coupled physical quantity is taken as the value collected at the current moment. The increment of the coupled physical quantity introduced by the applied control action is calculated based on the execution parameters of the applied control action. The current value of the coupled physical quantity is added to the increment of the coupled physical quantity to obtain the superposition result. In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the current value of the coupled physical quantity is the monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat at the current sampling moment. The applied control action is spraying a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed. The execution parameters for spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed are the spraying volume and the volume ratio of liquid water in the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed.

[0040] The increment of the coupled physical quantity ΔW introduced by spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed is calculated as follows: ΔW = (V × P) / M; where V represents the spraying volume (in liters); P represents the volume percentage of liquid water in the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed (dimensionless); M represents the total mass of the aerobic fermentation mat (in kilograms); the calculated result of ΔW represents the amount of liquid water introduced per unit mass of aerobic fermentation mat (in liters per kilogram). Multiplying the calculated result of ΔW by the density of liquid water converts it into the increment of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat expressed as a percentage. The density of liquid water is taken as 1 kilogram per liter. After conversion, the increment of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat is numerically equal to the value of ΔW multiplied by 100%. Adding the monitored moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat to the increment of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat yields the superposition result, which represents the predicted moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat after this spraying of the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed.

[0041] The relationship between the superposition result and the critical position of the effect abrupt change is determined. When the superposition result exceeds the critical position of the effect abrupt change, the predicted state change result is that the response change has entered the step amplification region. When the superposition result does not exceed the critical position of the effect abrupt change, the predicted state change result is that the response change is in the near-linear region. In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the relationship between the superposition result and the critical position of the effect abrupt change is determined by comparing the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result with the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat corresponding to the critical position of the effect abrupt change. The increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat is the predicted value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result minus the monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat at the current sampling time.

[0042] When the increase in moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result exceeds the critical position of the abrupt change in effect, the superposition result is determined to have exceeded the critical position of the abrupt change in effect. The predicted state change result is that the response change has entered the step amplification region, indicating that the response of the fermentation activity indicator value after spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed has exceeded the critical position of the abrupt change in effect of moisture content on the fermentation activity indicator value. The improvement effect of further increasing the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat on fermentation activity will be drastically weakened, and a small increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat may trigger a nonlinear step response in the fermentation activity indicator value. When the increase in moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result is less than or equal to the critical position of the abrupt change in effect, the superposition result is determined to have not exceeded the critical position of the abrupt change in effect. The predicted state change result is that the response change is in the near-linear region, indicating that the response of the fermentation activity indicator value after spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed is still within the near-linear range. The increase in moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat will have a predictable near-proportional improvement effect on the fermentation activity indicator value. By determining the relationship between the superposition result and the critical position of the effect change, it is possible to predict in advance the water content interference of the aerobic fermentation mat layer that is attached to the application-type control action of spraying special bacterial liquid for fermentation bed. This avoids the shortcomings of conventional threshold control, which only triggers the action for a single parameter and ignores the coupling effect of the action itself.

[0043] This paper provides a detailed explanation of the specific implementation method for identifying the deterioration steep increase zone and generating the deterioration risk assessment result in S4.

[0044] In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the controlled bioreactor system is the aerobic fermentation mat, the coupled physical quantity is the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat, the target control variable is the fermentation activity indicator value, and the applied control action is spraying a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed. S3 has obtained the state change prediction results, which indicate that the response change has entered the step amplification region or is in the near-linear region. The superimposed result represents the predicted value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat after this spraying of the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed.

[0045] Data on the degree of deviation of the target control variable from the regulatory target at different levels of coupled physical quantities are extracted from the historical operation records of the controlled bioreactor system. The range of coupled physical quantity values ​​where the deviation from the regulatory target accelerates is defined as the steep deterioration zone. The basis for determining the steep deterioration zone is recorded as the tolerance characteristics of the controlled bioreactor system to the coupled physical quantities. In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the historical operation record refers to the record pair consisting of the monitoring values ​​of the moisture content and fermentation activity indicator of the aerobic fermentation mat collected in each synchronous sampling cycle during all monitoring periods after the aerobic fermentation mat has been laid and inoculated with microbial agents and entered a stable operating period. The data on the degree of deviation of the target control variable from the regulatory target at different levels of coupled physical quantities is extracted as follows: the monitoring values ​​of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat are divided into multiple moisture content ranges at equal intervals according to their numerical ranges. The arithmetic mean of the deviations of all the monitoring values ​​of the fermentation activity indicator corresponding to each moisture content range and the regulatory target of the target control variable is taken. This arithmetic mean of the deviations is used as the degree of deviation from the regulatory target corresponding to that moisture content range. The target control variable has been determined in S2, which is the target fermentation activity level that the aerobic fermentation mat should maintain under normal fermentation conditions. The degree of deviation from the control target, D, is calculated as: D = A - Atarget; where A represents the arithmetic mean of all monitored fermentation activity indicators within the moisture content range, with the dimension of temperature change; Atarget represents the target control variable, with the dimension of temperature change.

[0046] The range of coupled physical quantities where the degree of deviation from the control target accelerates is defined as the deterioration acceleration zone. Accelerated deterioration refers to a range where the absolute value of the degree of deviation from the control target, D, shows a significantly increased slope as the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat increases. Specifically, based on the multiple moisture content ranges defined above, along the direction of increasing moisture content in the aerobic fermentation mat, the slope of the absolute value of the degree of deviation from the control target, D, between adjacent moisture content ranges is calculated sequentially. When the ratio of the slope between two adjacent moisture content ranges to the slope between two previous adjacent moisture content ranges exceeds a preset acceleration deterioration ratio, the range with the higher moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in those two adjacent moisture content ranges, along with all subsequent moisture content ranges, is defined as the deterioration acceleration zone. The preset accelerated deterioration ratio is set based on the critical response characteristics of the aerobic fermentation mat when the aerobic fermentation process is inhibited due to excessive moisture content. Specifically, the setting method is as follows: select all independent events in the historical operation records where the fermentation activity indicator value shows a significant decrease; trace back the moisture content monitoring value of the aerobic fermentation mat collected in the most recent synchronous sampling cycle before the event to the corresponding moisture content range; count the frequency of significant decrease events in each moisture content range; and determine the slope ratio of the deviation D of the two moisture content ranges before and after the sudden increase in the frequency of occurrence compared to the adjacent low moisture content range as the preset accelerated deterioration ratio, for example, the result is determined to be 2.

[0047] After identifying the steep deterioration zone, the basis for determining it is recorded as the tolerance characteristics of the controlled bioreactor system to the coupled physical quantity. The tolerance characteristics of the controlled bioreactor system to the coupled physical quantity record the lower and upper boundary values ​​of the steep deterioration zone. The lower boundary value is the minimum moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat corresponding to the steep deterioration zone, and the upper boundary value is the maximum moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat corresponding to the steep deterioration zone. The tolerance characteristics of the controlled bioreactor system to the coupled physical quantity reflect that once the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat exceeds the lower boundary value, even a small increase in the moisture content can lead to a sharp deterioration in the fermentation activity indicator value.

[0048] When the predicted state change indicates that the response change has entered the step amplification region, it is determined whether the sum of the current value and the increment of the coupled physical quantity falls into the deterioration amplification region. If it does, a judgment result indicating a risk of deterioration is generated; otherwise, a judgment result indicating no risk of deterioration is generated. In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the current value of the coupled physical quantity is the monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat at the current sampling time, which has been obtained in S3. The increment of the coupled physical quantity is the increment of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat introduced by spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution, which has been calculated in S3, with the dimension being percentage. The sum of the current value and the increment of the coupled physical quantity is the predicted value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result, which has been obtained in S3. The method for determining whether the sum of the current value and the increment of the coupled physical quantity falls into the deterioration amplification region is to compare whether the predicted value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result is greater than or equal to the lower boundary value of the deterioration amplification region.

[0049] When the predicted moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result is greater than or equal to the lower boundary value of the deterioration abrupt increase zone, it is determined that the sum of the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the increment of the coupled physical quantity falls into the deterioration abrupt increase zone, generating a judgment result indicating a risk of deterioration. When the predicted moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result is less than the lower boundary value of the deterioration abrupt increase zone, it is determined that the sum of the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the increment of the coupled physical quantity does not fall into the deterioration abrupt increase zone, generating a judgment result indicating no risk of deterioration. When the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result has exceeded the critical position of the effect abrupt change and the predicted moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superposition result falls into the deterioration abrupt increase zone, not only has the response of the fermentation activity indicator value entered the step amplification zone, but the moisture content level of the aerobic fermentation mat after spraying the fermentation bed special bacterial solution has reached the tolerance boundary of the controlled bioreactor system. Continuing to spray the fermentation bed special bacterial solution will trigger a double deterioration effect on the fermentation activity indicator value.

[0050] When the predicted state change indicates that the response change is within the near-linear region, the absence of deterioration risk is directly used as the deterioration risk assessment result. A near-linear state change prediction means that the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superimposed result has not exceeded the critical position of the effect abrupt change. The increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat introduced by spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed is still within the tolerance range of the controlled bioreactor system. The increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat will have a near-proportional improvement effect on the fermentation activity indicator value and will not trigger a sharp increase in deterioration response in the tolerance characteristics. Therefore, the deterioration risk assessment result is directly generated as "no deterioration risk." Compared to the fixed threshold control in existing technologies that do not assess the deterioration risk of the physical quantities associated with the control actions, this method, by identifying the tolerance characteristics of the controlled bioreactor system to the coupled physical quantities and generating a deterioration risk assessment based on the state change prediction results of the previous step, can incorporate the potential damage of the coupled physical quantities to the controlled bioreactor system into the pre-assessment, preventing system deterioration caused by blindly implementing control actions when the controlled bioreactor system is already near its tolerance boundary.

[0051] Building upon the state change prediction results obtained in S3 and the deterioration risk assessment results generated in S4, this paper provides a detailed explanation of the specific implementation methods for evaluating the net effect direction of the applied control actions on the target control variables in S5.

[0052] In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the controlled bioreactor system is the aerobic fermentation mat, the coupled physical quantity is the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat, the target control variable is the fermentation activity indicator value, the applied control action is spraying a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, and the control target is the target control variable control target. The target fermentation activity level that the aerobic fermentation mat should maintain under normal fermentation conditions has been determined in S2. The state change prediction result has been obtained in S3, indicating that the response change has entered the step amplification region or the response change is in the near-linear region. The deterioration risk assessment result has been generated in S4, indicating that there is a risk of deterioration or no risk of deterioration.

[0053] When the predicted state change indicates that the response change has entered the step amplification zone and the risk of deterioration is assessed as present, the net effect direction is determined to be opposite to the control target of the target variable. The response change entering the step amplification zone means that after spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat has exceeded the critical position of the rapid change in effect, and the response of the fermentation activity indicator has entered a nonlinear step amplification state. The presence of a risk of deterioration means that the predicted value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superimposed results has fallen into the deterioration steep increase zone, touching the tolerance boundary of the controlled bioreactor system. When both adverse conditions are met simultaneously, spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed not only fails to bring about an improvement in fermentation activity commensurate with the spraying amount, but also, due to the excessive increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat, the oxygen diffusion channels inside the aerobic fermentation mat are blocked by liquid water, inhibiting the metabolism of aerobic microorganisms. The fermentation activity indicator will then change in the opposite direction to the control target of the target variable.

[0054] When the predicted state change indicates that the response change is in the near-linear region and the risk of deterioration is assessed as having no risk of deterioration, the direction of the net effect is determined to be the same as the regulatory target of the target control variable. A near-linear response means that after spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat has not exceeded the critical position of the abrupt change in effect, and the response of the fermentation activity indicator remains within a range that is nearly proportional to the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat. No risk of deterioration means that the predicted value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat in the superimposed results has not reached the lower boundary value of the steep deterioration zone, and the controlled bioreactor system has sufficient tolerance margin. When both favorable conditions are met simultaneously, spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed can produce the expected positive improvement effect, and the fermentation activity indicator will move in the direction of the regulatory target of the target control variable.

[0055] The remaining scenarios refer to situations where the predicted state change indicates that the response change has entered the step amplification region and the risk assessment result is that there is no risk of deterioration, or where the predicted state change indicates that the response change is in the near-linear region and the risk assessment result is that there is a risk of deterioration. In these other scenarios, the predicted state change and the risk assessment result point to different directions of influence. It is not possible to directly determine the direction of the net effect based solely on the combination of these two results. Further analysis is needed to obtain the trend direction of the target control variable before the implementation of the interventional control action as a supplementary basis. The trend direction of the target control variable is obtained by fitting the time series of monitoring values ​​of the fermentation activity indicator collected in multiple consecutive synchronous sampling cycles prior to the current sampling time. Specifically, the monitoring values ​​of the fermentation activity indicator collected in a preset number of consecutive synchronous sampling cycles prior to the current sampling time are used to construct a trend analysis sequence. The preset number is determined based on the number of samplings of the fluctuation cycle of the fermentation activity indicator value in the aerobic fermentation mat when it is not subject to external intervention; for example, the preset number is 5. A linear fit is performed on the trend analysis sequence, and the trend slope Strend is calculated as: Strend = (Σtoffset × Robs) / (Σtoffset) 2 ); where toffset represents the offset of each sampling time point in the trend analysis sequence relative to the midpoint of the trend analysis sequence, with the dimension being the number of synchronous sampling periods; Robs represents the monitored value of the fermentation activity indicator corresponding to each sampling time point, with the dimension being the temperature change; Strend has the dimension of the temperature change per synchronous sampling period. When Strend is positive, the trend direction is determined to be approaching the control target, indicating that the fermentation activity indicator value is moving closer to the control variable control target; when Strend is negative, the trend direction is determined to be deviating from the control target, indicating that the fermentation activity indicator value is changing in a direction away from the control variable control target; when Strend is zero, the trend direction is determined to be no trend, and it is treated as a trend direction deviating from the control target, that is, when there is no trend, the net effect direction is determined to be opposite to the control target.

[0056] In other cases, if the trend direction deviates from the control target, the net effect direction is determined to be opposite to the control target; if the trend direction approaches the control target, the net effect direction is determined to be the same as the control target. A trend direction deviating from the control target indicates that before spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution, the fermentation activity indicator value was already in a spontaneous decay channel, and at least one of the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk assessment results pointed in an unfavorable direction. Spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution will superimpose the negative effects of the coupled physical quantities, further accelerating the decay of the fermentation activity indicator value. A trend direction approaching the control target indicates that the fermentation activity indicator value was spontaneously improving before spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution. Even if one of the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk assessment results pointed in an unfavorable direction, due to the positive inertia of the fermentation activity indicator value itself, the adverse effects of the coupled physical quantities after spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution may be partially offset by the spontaneous improvement trend of the fermentation activity indicator value.

[0057] By differentiating and judging the above three scenarios, the assessment of the net effect direction integrates the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk judgment results. When the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk judgment results are inconsistent, the trend direction of the target control variable is introduced as a third-party decision variable. The three together constitute a multi-dimensional assessment framework for the net effect of the applied control action, which can identify the directional errors that may be caused by the coupling effect of the applied control action itself before the implementation of the applied control action.

[0058] The specific implementation methods of different treatments based on the relationship between the direction of the net effect and the control target in S6 are explained in detail.

[0059] In the beef cattle fermentation bed farming scenario, the controlled bioreactor system is the aerobic fermentation mat, the target control variable is the fermentation activity indicator value, the applied control action is spraying a special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, and the control target is the target control variable's control objective. The direction of the net effect has been determined in S5, either opposite to or the same as the control objective. The deterioration risk assessment result has been generated in S4, indicating either a risk of deterioration or no risk of deterioration. The coupled physical quantity is the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat, and its current value is the monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat at the current sampling time, obtained in S3. The critical position of the effect abrupt change has been determined in S3, representing a critical value expressed as the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat. The execution parameters for spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed include the spray volume and the volume ratio of liquid water in the special bacterial solution, already used in S3.

[0060] When the net effect direction is opposite to the control target and the deterioration risk assessment result indicates a risk of deterioration, the execution of the applied control action is prevented and an action inhibition command is generated. A net effect direction opposite to the control target means that spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution will push the fermentation activity indicator value away from the target control variable. A deterioration risk assessment result indicates that the predicted value of the aerobic fermentation mat's moisture content in the superimposed results has fallen into the deterioration spike zone; continued execution will reach the tolerance boundary of the controlled bioreactor system and cause blockage of the oxygen diffusion channels inside the aerobic fermentation mat. When both adverse assessments exist simultaneously, spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution will not only fail to improve the fermentation activity indicator value but will also exacerbate its deterioration; therefore, the execution of spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution is prevented. The action suppression command is a stop signal sent to the control terminal of the actuator spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed. It is used to prevent the actuator spraying the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed from starting during the current control cycle. At the same time, multiple temperature sensors and multiple moisture sensors deployed in the aerobic fermentation mat continue to collect environmental state variables according to the synchronous sampling cycle for use in step S1 of the next control cycle.

[0061] When the net effect direction is opposite to the control target and the deterioration risk assessment result is no deterioration risk, the execution parameters of the applied control action are reduced inversely proportional to the distance between the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the critical position of the effect abrupt change, generating a modified applied control action and executing it. A net effect direction opposite to the control target but no deterioration risk assessment result indicates that although the spraying of the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed has been determined to have an adverse effect on the fermentation activity indicator value, this adverse effect is not due to the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat entering the deterioration abrupt increase zone, but rather due to the response step effect caused by the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat exceeding the critical position of the effect abrupt change. By reducing the spraying volume of the special bacterial solution for the fermentation bed, the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat after the reduction falls back to within the critical position of the effect abrupt change, pulling the response back from the step amplification zone to the near-linear zone, thereby causing the net effect direction to turn to the same as the control target. The distance Ddist between the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the critical position of the effect abrupt change is calculated as: Ddist = Mcrit - Mcurrent; where Mcrit represents the critical position of the effect abrupt change, expressed as the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat, in percentage form; Mcurrent represents the monitored value of the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat at the current sampling time, in percentage form; and Ddist is in percentage form. The reduction ratio Rscale is calculated as: Rscale = Ddist / ΔW; when Rscale is greater than or equal to 1, Rscale is set to 1, i.e., no reduction is performed; when Rscale is less than 1, the spray volume is reduced according to Rscale. The corrected spray volume is calculated as the original spray volume multiplied by Rscale, while the volume ratio of liquid water in the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution remains unchanged. The corrected application-type control action is generated and executed. By reducing the spray volume inversely proportional to the distance, the increase in the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation mat after correction can be controlled within a safe range that matches the current moisture content state of the aerobic fermentation mat, avoiding adverse responses in the fermentation activity indicator value due to excessive spraying.

[0062] When the direction of the net effect is the same as the control target, the applied control action is executed. The fact that the direction of the net effect is the same as the control target means that spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution will drive the fermentation activity indicator value towards the control target variable. Spraying the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution can produce the expected positive improvement effect. Therefore, the spraying of the fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution is executed directly according to the original spray volume and the volume ratio of liquid water in the original fermentation bed-specific bacterial solution. Through the hierarchical processing of the above three scenarios, S6 achieves differentiated final decisions on the applied control action. While preventing completely harmful actions, it provides a quantitative parameter adjustment path for situations with room for correction, avoiding the polarized processing method in existing technologies that relies solely on a single threshold for full execution or complete non-execution.

[0063] It is worth noting that the beef cattle fermentation bed breeding management method in this embodiment relies on a crop-livestock cycle system of straw bedding, fermentation bedding breeding, and returning the bedding organic fertilizer to the field. In this system, the bedding material for the beef cattle fermentation bed comes from crop straw produced in agricultural production. The straw is pretreated using a novel agricultural straw bedding fermentation technology to achieve a suitable carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and porous structure. The inoculated microbial agents are derived from a local composite microbial community obtained through a special local microbial strain screening technology for fermentation beds. This community exhibits domesticated and verified adaptability to local climate conditions and straw bedding materials. The special fermentation bed bacterial solution is a liquid preparation made by mixing the locally screened composite microbial agent with water according to a preset bacterial-water ratio. Spraying the special fermentation bed bacterial solution acts as an application-based control action, supplementing the aerobic fermentation bedding layer composed of straw bedding and cattle manure with aerobic microbial life. After completing its fermentation service during the breeding cycle, the aerobic fermentation bedding layer is returned to the field as bedding bio-organic fertilizer, applied to forage planting areas to replace some chemical fertilizers, thus achieving a closed-loop planting and breeding cycle. The control method of the present invention operates in the above-mentioned crop-livestock cycle system. The environmental state variables collected by the method are derived from sensors deployed in the aerobic fermentation mat. The generation and correction process of the control decision directly affects the execution parameters of the spraying of special bacterial liquid for the fermentation bed, thereby reducing pollution from livestock manure and reducing the application of chemical fertilizers while ensuring that the fermentation process of the aerobic fermentation mat is maintained within the target range.

[0064] Example 2: Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a beef cattle fermentation bed farming management and control system based on environmental data is provided according to the present invention. The system includes: The environmental acquisition module is used to acquire environmental state variables of the controlled biological reaction system, including target control variables and coupled physical quantities. The coupled physical quantities are non-target physical quantities that are associated with the applied regulatory actions required to regulate the target control variables. The request generation module is used to obtain the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable. When the two are correlated in the same direction, no control action request is generated; otherwise, a control action request is generated. The state prediction module is used to determine the critical position of the sudden change of the effect based on the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable when a control action request is generated. Based on the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the relationship between the incremental judgment superposition result of the coupled physical quantity introduced by the implementation of the control action and the critical position of the sudden change of the effect, the state change prediction result is obtained. The deterioration determination module is used to determine the deterioration abrupt increase zone based on the tolerance characteristics of the controlled biological reaction system to the coupled physical quantity, to determine whether the state change prediction result causes the coupled physical quantity to enter the deterioration abrupt increase zone, and to generate a deterioration risk determination result. The effect assessment module is used to assess the direction of the net effect of the applied control action on the target control variable based on the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk assessment results. The control execution module is used to suppress or correct the applied control action if the direction of the net effect is opposite to the control target; otherwise, it executes the applied control action.

[0065] All calculations involved in the embodiments are performed using dimensionless numerical values, and the preset parameters and thresholds in the calculations can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions.

[0066] This technical solution can be flexibly deployed, for example, as embedded software running on device hardware, or installed on personal computers or other smart terminals with user interfaces, thus adapting to various hardware environments and usage requirements.

[0067] The above solutions can be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in software, they are presented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product, containing one or more computer instructions or programs. When these instructions or programs are loaded and executed on a computer, results are produced corresponding to the processes or functions of the embodiments of this application. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. Computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one medium to another via wired or wireless means, such as from a website, server, or data center via wired means such as fiber optic cables, twisted-pair cables, or coaxial cables, or wireless means such as infrared or microwaves to another site. A computer-readable storage medium refers to any usable medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains one or more usable media, including magnetic media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as DVDs, and semiconductor media such as solid-state drives.

[0068] The specific working process of the system, device and module can be found in the method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] The disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments are for illustrative purposes only, and the module division is only a logical division. In practice, different divisions can be implemented, such as merging or integrating multiple modules or components, or omitting some features. Coupling, direct coupling, or communication connections between the components can be achieved through interfaces, while indirect coupling or communication connections can take electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0070] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as modules can be physical hardware or software, and can be deployed centrally or distributed across multiple network nodes. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0071] The functional modules in each embodiment can be integrated into one processing module, or they can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated into one.

[0072] If the functionality is implemented as a software module and used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Under this understanding, the substantial contribution of the technical solution of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and contains instructions to cause a computer device, such as a personal computer, server, or network device, to execute all or part of the steps of the methods in the embodiments of this application. The storage medium includes any medium capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, portable hard drive, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0073] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, and the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for managing and controlling beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data, characterized in that, include: S1: Collect environmental state variables of the controlled biological reaction system, including target control variables and coupled physical quantities. Coupled physical quantities are non-target physical quantities that are associated with the applied regulatory actions required to regulate the target control variables. S2: Obtain the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable. If the two are correlated in the same direction, no control action request will be generated; otherwise, a control action request will be generated. S3: When a control action request is generated, the critical position of the sudden change in effect is determined based on the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable. Based on the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the relationship between the incremental determination and superposition result of the coupled physical quantity introduced by the applied control action and the critical position of the sudden change in effect, the state change prediction result is obtained, including: Obtain corresponding records of the changes in coupled physical quantities and the changes in the response of the target control variable during the historical operation of the controlled biological reaction system. Extract the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantities on the target control variable from the corresponding records. Determine the position where the slope of the response change in the influence characteristics undergoes a step shift within adjacent value intervals as the critical position of the effect abrupt change. The current value of the coupled physical quantity is taken as the current value of the coupled physical quantity. The increment of the coupled physical quantity to be introduced by the implementation of the applied control action is calculated according to the execution parameters of the applied control action. The current value of the coupled physical quantity is added to the increment of the coupled physical quantity to obtain the superposition result. The relationship between the superposition result and the critical position of the rapid change of the effect is determined. When the superposition result exceeds the critical position of the rapid change of the effect, the state change prediction result is that the response change has entered the step amplification region. When the superposition result does not exceed the critical position of the rapid change of the effect, the state change prediction result is that the response change is in the near-linear region. Extract the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable from the corresponding records. Determine the position where the slope of the response change in the influence characteristics undergoes a step shift within adjacent value intervals as the critical position of the effect abrupt change. This includes: arranging the corresponding records of the change in the coupled physical quantity and the response change of the target control variable in ascending order of the value of the coupled physical quantity; calculating the ratio of the response change to the change in the coupled physical quantity between each two adjacent record points along the arrangement direction as the slope; and determining the value of the coupled physical quantity at the intersection of the two slopes as the critical position of the effect abrupt change when the difference between two consecutive adjacent calculated slopes exceeds a preset multiple of the previous slope. S4: Determine the deterioration steep increase zone based on the tolerance characteristics of the controlled biological reaction system to the coupled physical quantity, determine whether the state change prediction result causes the coupled physical quantity to enter the deterioration steep increase zone, and generate the deterioration risk judgment result. S5: Based on the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk assessment results, evaluate the direction of the net effect of the applied control action on the target control variable; S6: If the net effect direction is opposite to the control target, then suppress or correct the applied control action; otherwise, execute the applied control action.

2. The method for managing and controlling beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 includes: The required interventional control action is determined by identifying the target control variable. All media parameters on which the regulatory component applied to the controlled bioreaction system depends are identified. From all media parameters, the accompanying physical quantities that are different from the regulatory component are screened out. Among the screened accompanying physical quantities, those physical quantities that affect the biochemical processes in the controlled bioreaction system and whose change direction is synchronous with the interventional control action are identified as coupled physical quantities. The target control variable and the coupled physical quantity are synchronously collected by sensors deployed in the controlled bioreaction system to obtain the environmental state variables.

3. The method for managing and controlling beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 includes: The values ​​of the coupled physical quantities at each sampling time within the preset backtracking period are extracted from the collected environmental state variables to form a time series of the coupled physical quantities. The overall trend of the time series of coupled physical quantities is determined as the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantities. Obtain the difference between the current monitored value of the target control variable and the target value of the target control variable, and determine the direction corresponding to the positive or negative sign of the difference as the deviation direction of the target control variable; When the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable are both positive or both negative, they are determined to be correlated in the same direction and no control action request is generated; otherwise, they are determined to be correlated in different directions and a control action request is generated.

4. The method for managing and controlling beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data according to claim 3, characterized in that, The overall trend direction of the time series of coupled physical quantities is determined as the cumulative change direction of coupled physical quantities. This includes: taking the initial value corresponding to the start point of the preset backtracking period and the final value corresponding to the end point from the time series of coupled physical quantities, calculating the difference between the final value and the initial value, determining the cumulative change direction of coupled physical quantities as positive when the difference is positive, determining it as negative when the difference is negative, and determining it as directionless and directly generating a control action request when the difference is zero.

5. The method for managing and controlling beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 includes: Data on the degree of deviation of the target control variable from the regulation target at different levels of coupled physical quantities are extracted from the historical operation records of the controlled biological reaction system. The range of coupled physical quantity values ​​where the degree of deviation from the regulation target deteriorates rapidly is identified as the deterioration steep increase region. The basis for identifying the deterioration steep increase region is recorded as the tolerance characteristics of the controlled biological reaction system to the coupled physical quantities. When the state change prediction result is that the response change enters the step amplification region, it is determined whether the sum of the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the increment of the coupled physical quantity falls into the deterioration steep increase region. If it falls into the region, a judgment result of having a risk of deterioration is generated; if it does not fall into the region, a judgment result of having no risk of deterioration is generated. When the predicted state change result indicates that the response change is in the near-linear region, the absence of deterioration risk is directly taken as the result of the deterioration risk assessment.

6. The method for managing beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 include: When the predicted state change indicates that the response change has entered the step amplification region and the risk of deterioration is determined to be at risk of deterioration, the direction of the net effect is determined to be opposite to the control target of the target control variable. When the predicted state change result is that the response change is in the near-linear region and the risk of deterioration is determined to be no risk of deterioration, the direction of the net effect is determined to be the same as the regulation target of the target control variable. In other cases, obtain the trend direction of the target control variable before the implementation of the applied control action. If the trend direction deviates from the control target, the net effect direction is determined to be opposite to the control target. If the trend direction approaches the control target, the net effect direction is determined to be the same as the control target.

7. The method for managing beef cattle fermentation bed farming based on environmental data according to claim 1, characterized in that, S6 include: When the direction of the net effect is opposite to the control target and the risk of deterioration is determined to be a risk of deterioration, the execution of the applied control action is prevented and an action inhibition command is generated. When the direction of the net effect is opposite to the control target and the risk of deterioration is determined to be no risk of deterioration, the execution parameters of the applied control action are reduced inversely proportional to the distance between the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the critical position of the effect sudden change, and the modified applied control action is generated and executed. When the direction of the net effect is the same as the control target, an intervention control action is performed.

8. A management and control system for beef cattle fermented bed farming based on environmental data, used to implement the management and control method for beef cattle fermented bed farming based on environmental data as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The environmental acquisition module is used to acquire environmental state variables of the controlled biological reaction system, including target control variables and coupled physical quantities. The coupled physical quantities are non-target physical quantities that are associated with the applied regulatory actions required to regulate the target control variables. The request generation module is used to obtain the cumulative change direction of the coupled physical quantity and the deviation direction of the target control variable. When the two are correlated in the same direction, no control action request is generated; otherwise, a control action request is generated. The state prediction module is used to determine the critical position of the sudden change of the effect based on the influence characteristics of the coupled physical quantity on the target control variable when a control action request is generated. Based on the current value of the coupled physical quantity and the relationship between the incremental judgment superposition result of the coupled physical quantity introduced by the implementation of the control action and the critical position of the sudden change of the effect, the state change prediction result is obtained. The deterioration determination module is used to determine the deterioration abrupt increase zone based on the tolerance characteristics of the controlled biological reaction system to the coupled physical quantity, to determine whether the state change prediction result causes the coupled physical quantity to enter the deterioration abrupt increase zone, and to generate a deterioration risk determination result. The effect assessment module is used to assess the direction of the net effect of the applied control action on the target control variable based on the state change prediction results and the deterioration risk assessment results. The control execution module is used to suppress or correct the applied control action if the direction of the net effect is opposite to the control target; otherwise, it executes the applied control action.

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