Thermal runaway protection battery module, battery pack and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a thermal runaway protection battery module, a battery pack and a vehicle, which comprise: a battery cell assembly, the battery cell assembly comprising a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell being configured to spew high-temperature gas in a bottom direction when thermal runaway occurs; a composite bottom plate, the composite bottom plate being arranged at the bottom of the battery cell assembly, the composite bottom plate being provided with a pressure relief grid, the pressure relief grid being filled with battery cell potting glue, and the edge of the pressure relief grid being provided with a convex structure connected with the potting glue; and a heat insulation assembly, the heat insulation assembly being provided with a plurality of heat insulation assemblies and being arranged between single or multiple battery cells, the composite bottom plate and the heat insulation assembly being connected to form an integrated structure to block the lateral propagation of high-temperature gas. The convex structure at the edge of the pressure relief grid of the application can hold other battery cell potting glue, high-temperature gas cannot scorch other battery cells in the vertical direction, the composite bottom plate and the heat insulation assembly resist high-temperature high-speed gas impact, and high-temperature gas cannot scorch the partition wall battery cells in the lateral direction, and thermal diffusion does not occur in the vertical and lateral directions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid-state battery technology, and in particular to a thermal runaway protection battery module, battery pack, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the solid-state battery industry, suppressing thermal runaway in pouch modules is one of the most difficult problems to solve. Regarding thermal runaway design solutions, some aim upwards, some downwards, and some towards the tabs, but there is still no good solution for suppressing thermal runaway. One existing pouch module solution is bottom venting, with an aluminum base plate. Others have a perforated structure, with the base plate and the bottom of the cell bonded together with structural adhesive, and the perforated areas filled with potting compound.

[0003] During thermal runaway, the bottom aluminum plate has no special structure, and the potting compound at the bottom of the battery cell is prone to falling off. The high-temperature gas that triggers the battery cell will vertically burn the battery cell with the fallen potting compound, resulting in heat diffusion. Because the aluminum plate and the bottom of the battery cell are bonded with structural adhesive, but the flatness of the bottom of the battery cell is poor, the structural adhesive is difficult to fill completely, and there are gaps between the battery cells. When the module is thermally runaway, the high-temperature gas that triggers the battery cell will laterally burn the adjacent battery cell through the above-mentioned gaps, resulting in heat diffusion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a thermal runaway protection battery module, battery pack, and vehicle to solve the problem in related technologies where, during thermal runaway, adjacent cells are vertically burned due to the bottom potting compound falling off, and high-temperature gas laterally bakes adjacent cells due to gaps at the bottom of the cells, thus causing thermal diffusion of the module.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a thermal runaway protection battery module, including: A battery cell assembly, comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a predetermined direction, wherein each battery cell is configured to eject high-temperature gas toward the bottom in the event of thermal runaway; A composite base plate is disposed at the bottom of the battery cell assembly. The composite base plate is provided with a pressure relief grid, the pressure relief grid is filled with battery cell potting compound, and the edge of the pressure relief grid is provided with a protruding structure for connecting the battery cell potting compound. A heat insulation component is provided, which is provided in multiple parts and located between one or more battery cells. The composite base plate is connected to the heat insulation component to form an integral structure to block the lateral propagation of the high-temperature gas.

[0006] In some embodiments, the battery cell includes a pouch cell, wherein the top and side strengths of the pouch cell are greater than the bottom strength, so that the battery cell preferentially ejects high-temperature gas from the bottom in the event of thermal runaway.

[0007] In some embodiments, the protrusion structure is at least one of a fishbone-shaped protrusion, a wavy protrusion, or a serrated protrusion.

[0008] In some embodiments, the composite base plate includes a surface composite layer and an internal reinforcing layer embedded within the surface composite layer, wherein the pressure relief grid and the raised structure are integrally formed with the surface composite layer.

[0009] In some embodiments: the surface composite layer includes a plurality of parallel and spaced transverse base plates, and a longitudinal end plate connected to both ends of the plurality of transverse base plates; The pressure relief grille includes multiple grille plates spaced apart and connected between two adjacent transverse bottom plates, forming a pressure relief channel for ejecting high-temperature gas between the multiple grille plates; The raised structure is located on both sides of the grid plate, and the cell potting compound fills the pressure relief channel and is connected to the raised structure.

[0010] In some embodiments: the internal reinforcing layer includes transverse steel plates embedded in multiple transverse base plates and longitudinal steel plates embedded in longitudinal end plates, the ends of the transverse steel plates being fixedly connected to the longitudinal steel plates, and the surface composite layer, pressure relief grid, and raised structure being resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastic.

[0011] In some embodiments: each of the plurality of thermal insulation components has a pultruded protective strip at its bottom, and the top of the pultruded protective strip has a groove for accommodating the thermal insulation component. The groove is filled with a first structural adhesive for connecting the thermal insulation component. The plurality of pultruded protective strips are respectively located above the grid plate and connected to the composite base plate and the grid plate.

[0012] In some embodiments: the pultruded protective strip includes a base connected to the composite base plate, and two parallel and spaced clamps are provided above the base, with a groove for accommodating the heat insulation component formed between the two clamps; The heat insulation component includes a phase change heat insulation sheet, the bottom of which has an aluminum-plastic film edge protruding and extending into the groove, the groove being filled with a first structural adhesive that connects the aluminum-plastic film edge.

[0013] In some embodiments: the pultruded protective strip, composite base plate, and grating plate are integrally formed structures of resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastic; a second structural adhesive is connected between the bottom of the battery cell and the composite base plate; the battery cell is located directly above the pressure relief channel; the bottom of the battery cell is provided with a lower sealing edge; and the lower sealing edge is located within the second structural adhesive between the battery cell and the composite base plate.

[0014] In some embodiments: the bottom of the battery cell and the pultruded protective strip are connected to the composite base plate by a second structural adhesive, the battery cell is located directly above the pressure relief channel, the bottom of the battery cell is provided with a lower sealing edge, and the lower sealing edge is located in the second structural adhesive between the battery cell and the composite base plate.

[0015] In some embodiments, the battery cell assembly also includes a composite top plate located on top of the battery cell assembly, and side panels connecting the composite top plate and the composite bottom plate are respectively provided on both sides of the battery cell assembly. Both ends of the composite top plate and the composite bottom plate are provided with flanges connecting the side panels.

[0016] In some embodiments: the side panel opposite to the cell assembly is provided with a mounting plate, the side panel is provided with a plurality of spaced cooling channels, and the side panel near the cell assembly is provided with foam.

[0017] In some embodiments: the area of ​​the battery cell near the tab is encapsulated with tab potting compound, which is located within the space enclosed by the composite top plate, composite bottom plate and side plate.

[0018] The second aspect of this application provides a battery pack including the thermal runaway protection battery module described in any of the above embodiments. The thermal runaway protection battery module is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of thermal runaway protection battery modules are connected in series or in parallel and encapsulated in the battery pack shell.

[0019] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle including the battery pack described in the above embodiments.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include: This application provides a thermal runaway protection battery module, battery pack, and vehicle. The thermal runaway protection battery module includes a cell assembly comprising multiple cells arranged sequentially along a predetermined direction. Each cell is configured to eject high-temperature gas downwards in the event of thermal runaway. A composite base plate is disposed at the bottom of the cell assembly, and the base plate has a pressure relief grille filled with cell potting compound. The edges of the pressure relief grille have raised structures connecting the cell potting compound. Multiple heat insulation components are provided, each located between one or more cells. The composite base plate and the heat insulation components are connected to form an integrated structure to block the lateral propagation of high-temperature gas.

[0021] Therefore, the thermal runaway protection battery module of this application configures the battery cells to eject high-temperature gas downwards in the event of thermal runaway. When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas is ejected from the bottom of the thermal runaway cell, and the potting compound of the battery cell located in the thermal runaway area on the composite base plate is ripped open. The high-temperature gas is sprayed vertically downwards and laterally. The raised structure at the edge of the pressure relief grid can contain the potting compound of other battery cells, preventing the high-temperature gas from scorching other battery cells in the vertical direction, thus preventing heat diffusion in that direction. The composite base plate and the heat insulation component are connected to form an integrated structure. When the high-temperature gas from the thermal runaway cell is ejected laterally, the composite base plate and the heat insulation component resist the impact of the high-temperature, high-speed gas, preventing the high-temperature gas from scorching adjacent battery cells along the side direction, thus preventing heat diffusion in that direction. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram from a first perspective of the first embodiment of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram from a second perspective of the first embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the composite base plate according to the first embodiment of this application; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the surface composite layer structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the surface composite layer and the internal reinforcing layer in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal reinforcing layer in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of this application; Figure 10 for Figure 9 A magnified view of a section at point C; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the composite base plate according to the second embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the surface composite layer and pultruded protective strip in the second embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure label: 1. Side panel; 2. Composite top panel; 10. Battery cell assembly; 11. Battery cell; 20. Composite bottom plate; 21. Surface composite layer; 22. Internal reinforcing layer; 23. Battery cell potting compound; 24. Pultruded protective strip; 25. First structural adhesive; 26. Second structural adhesive; 27. Pressure relief grille; 30. Thermal insulation assembly; 31. Phase change thermal insulation sheet; 32. Aluminum-plastic film edge sealing; 211. Transverse bottom plate; 212. Longitudinal end plate; 213. Grille plate; 214. Pressure relief channel; 215. Raised structure; 221. Transverse steel plate; 222. Longitudinal steel plate; 241. Base; 242. Clamping plate; 243. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] This application provides a thermal runaway protection battery module, battery pack, and vehicle, which can solve the problems in related technologies where, during thermal runaway, adjacent cells are vertically burned due to the bottom potting compound falling off, and high-temperature gas laterally bakes adjacent cells due to gaps at the bottom of the cells, thus causing thermal diffusion of the module.

[0027] See Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, the first aspect of this application provides a thermal runaway protection battery module, including: The battery cell assembly 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 arranged sequentially along its thickness direction. Each battery cell 11 is configured to eject high-temperature gas towards the bottom in the event of thermal runaway. In this embodiment, the battery cell 11 is preferably, but not limited to, a pouch cell, wherein the top and side strengths of the pouch cell are greater than its bottom strength, so that the battery cell 11 preferentially ejects high-temperature gas from the bottom in the event of thermal runaway.

[0028] The aluminum-plastic film sealing structure of the soft-pack battery cell is as follows: the top surface is unsealed, while the two side tab surfaces and the bottom are sealed with folded edges. The strength of the sealing with folded edges is less than the strength of the unsealed aluminum-plastic film body. In the event of thermal runaway, gas is preferentially discharged from the folded edge sealing area. After multiple battery cells 11 are grouped into a module, the area of ​​battery cell 11 near the tab is sealed with tab potting compound, and the unsealed area on the top surface is sealed with structural adhesive. This is intentionally designed so that when battery cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, the emitted high-temperature gas will be ejected downwards.

[0029] A composite base plate 20 is disposed at the bottom of the cell assembly 10. The composite base plate 20 is provided with a pressure relief grid 27, which is used to discharge high-temperature gas downwards when a cell 11 experiences thermal runaway. The pressure relief grid 27 is filled with cell potting compound 23, and the edge of the pressure relief grid 27 is provided with a protruding structure 215 for connecting the cell potting compound 23.

[0030] The composite base plate 20 of this application embodiment is used to fix and install the battery cell assembly 10, and a pressure relief grid 27 is provided on the composite base plate 20. The pressure relief grid 27 is directly opposite the bottom of each battery cell 11. When a battery cell 11 experiences thermal runaway and ejects high-temperature gas, the pressure can be relieved through the pressure relief grid 27.

[0031] In this embodiment, the pressure relief grille 27 is filled with cell potting compound 23. When a cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas ejected impacts and detaches the cell potting compound 23 at its bottom, thus relieving pressure. The high-temperature gas flow ejected from the thermally runaway cell 11 may cause the cell potting compound 23 at the bottom of the non-triggered cell 11 to detach.

[0032] In order to protect the non-triggered cell 11 from being vertically burned by the high-temperature gas emitted by the cell 11 in case of thermal runaway, the pressure relief grid 27 is filled with cell potting compound 23 and connected by the protruding structure 215 on the edge of the pressure relief grid 27 to prevent it from completely falling off and exposing the bottom of the cell 11, thus avoiding vertical burning.

[0033] The heat insulation component 30 is provided with multiple components located between a single or adjacent battery cell 11. The composite base plate 20 is connected to the heat insulation component 30 to form an integral structure to block the lateral propagation of high-temperature gas.

[0034] In this embodiment of the application, a heat insulation component 30 is provided between a single or multiple adjacent battery cells 11. The heat insulation component 30 is not only used to separate the battery cells 11 between a single or multiple adjacent battery cells 11, but also to connect the composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 to form an integral structure, thus isolating each string of battery cells 11 and effectively protecting the high-temperature gas side spray that triggers thermal runaway of the battery cell 11 from burning the adjacent battery cell 11, and preventing heat diffusion in this direction.

[0035] The thermal runaway protection battery module of this application embodiment is configured such that the cell 11 is sprayed with high-temperature gas towards the bottom when thermal runaway occurs. When a cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas is sprayed from the bottom of the thermal runaway cell 11, and the cell potting adhesive 23 of the composite base plate 20 located in the thermal runaway area is blown open, and the high-temperature gas is sprayed vertically downwards and to the left and right sides.

[0036] The high-temperature gas ejected from the bottom of the thermal runaway cell 11 has significant impact kinetic energy, causing the cell potting compound 23 located within the pressure relief grid 27 to detach under vibration. To increase the connection strength between the cell potting compound 23 and the pressure relief grid 27, a raised structure 215 at the edge of the pressure relief grid 27 can hold other cell potting compounds 23 in place, preventing them from detaching. The high-temperature gas ejected from the thermal runaway cell 11 cannot heat other cells 11 in the vertical direction, and heat diffusion does not occur in that direction.

[0037] The composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 are connected to form an integrated structure. When the high-temperature gas of the thermal runaway cell 11 is ejected laterally, the composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 resist the impact of the high-temperature high-speed gas and prevent the high-temperature gas from scorching the adjacent cell 11 along the side direction, so that heat diffusion will not occur in this direction.

[0038] The composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 are connected to form an integrated structure, constituting a robust firewall. When the high-temperature gas from the thermally runaway cell 11 attempts to be ejected to the side, the firewall formed by the integrated structure of the composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 can block the airflow and protect the normal cell 11 next door from being damaged by the heat.

[0039] In some alternative embodiments: see Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, this application embodiment provides a thermal runaway protection battery module, wherein the protrusion structure 215 of the thermal runaway protection battery module is at least one of fishbone-shaped protrusions, wave-shaped protrusions, or serrated protrusions.

[0040] The protruding structure 215, which has a fishbone-shaped protrusion, a wave-shaped protrusion, or a serrated protrusion, can be embedded inside the cell potting compound 23 within the pressure relief grid 27 to enhance the structural strength between the cell potting compound 23 and the pressure relief grid 27. This prevents the cell potting compound 23 located below the normal cell 11 from falling off when the pressure relief grid 27 is subjected to high-temperature gas impact and vibration.

[0041] In some alternative embodiments: see Figures 6 to 8As shown, this application embodiment provides a thermal runaway protection battery module. The composite base plate 20 of the thermal runaway protection battery module includes a surface composite layer 21 and an internal reinforcing layer 22 embedded in the surface composite layer 21. The pressure relief grid 27 and the protruding structure 215 are integrally formed with the surface composite layer 21.

[0042] Specifically, the surface composite layer 21 includes multiple parallel and spaced transverse base plates 211, and longitudinal end plates 212 connected to both ends of the multiple transverse base plates 211. The pressure relief grille 27 includes multiple spaced grille plates 213 connected between two adjacent transverse base plates 211, forming a pressure relief channel 214 for ejecting high-temperature gas between the multiple grille plates 213. The raised structures 215 are located on both sides of the grille plates 213, and the cell potting compound 23 fills the pressure relief channel 214 and is connected to the raised structures 215.

[0043] The internal reinforcing layer 22 includes transverse steel plates 221 embedded in multiple transverse base plates 211 and longitudinal steel plates 222 embedded in longitudinal end plates 212. The ends of the transverse steel plates 221 are fixedly connected to the longitudinal steel plates 222. The surface composite layer 21, the pressure relief grid 27 and the raised structure 215 are resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastic.

[0044] The composite base plate 20 of this application embodiment includes a surface composite layer 21 and an internal reinforcing layer 22 embedded inside the surface composite layer 21. The surface composite layer 21, the pressure relief grid 27 and the raised structure 215 are resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastics, and the internal reinforcing layer 22 is a steel plate material of a set thickness, used to enhance the structural strength of the composite base plate 20.

[0045] Resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastics have many advantages such as resistance to chemical corrosion, fire resistance, fatigue resistance and good electrical insulation. The surface composite layer 21, pressure relief grid 27 and raised structure 215 made of resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastics have the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, fire resistance and good insulation.

[0046] In some alternative embodiments: see Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figures 10 to 12 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment provides a thermal runaway protection battery module. The bottom of each of the multiple heat insulation components 30 in this thermal runaway protection battery module is provided with a pultruded protective strip 24, and the top of the pultruded protective strip 24 is provided with a groove 243 to accommodate the heat insulation component 30. The groove 243 is filled with a first structural adhesive 25 connecting the heat insulation component 30. The multiple pultruded protective strips 24 are respectively located above the grid plate 213 and connected to the composite base plate 20 and the grid plate 213.

[0047] Specifically, the pultruded protective strip 24 includes a base 241 connecting to the composite base plate 20. Two parallel and spaced-apart clamping plates 242 are provided above the base 241, forming a groove 243 between the two clamping plates 242 to accommodate the thermal insulation component 30. The thermal insulation component 30 includes a phase change thermal insulation sheet 31. An aluminum-plastic film edge seal 32 protrudes from the bottom of the phase change thermal insulation sheet 31 and extends into the groove 243. The groove 243 is filled with a first structural adhesive 25 connecting the aluminum-plastic film edge seal 32.

[0048] In order to improve the structural strength and sealing performance of the connection between the thermal insulation component 30 and the composite base plate 20, each of the multiple thermal insulation components 30 is provided with a pultruded protective strip 24 at its bottom. The length direction of the pultruded protective strip 24 is parallel to the length direction of the thermal insulation component 30. A groove 243 for accommodating the thermal insulation component 30 is provided at the top of the pultruded protective strip 24. The bottom of the thermal insulation component 30 is embedded in the groove 243 and sealed by the first structural adhesive 25.

[0049] The thermal insulation component 30 includes a phase change thermal insulation sheet 31, with an aluminum-plastic film seal 32 protruding from the bottom of the phase change thermal insulation sheet 31. The phase change thermal insulation sheet 31 utilizes the high heat storage density of the phase change material to absorb the heat released by the battery cell 11 during use, effectively preventing thermal runaway of the battery cell 11. The aluminum-plastic film seal 32 is used to seal the phase change material within the phase change thermal insulation sheet 31, such as sodium sulfate decahydrate. The aluminum-plastic film seal 32 is embedded in the groove 243 and sealed by a first structural adhesive 25, thereby forming a firewall to prevent the lateral propagation of high-temperature gas.

[0050] In some alternative embodiments: see Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a thermal runaway protection battery module is provided. The bottom of the cell 11 and the pultruded protective strip 24 are connected to the composite base plate 20 by a second structural adhesive 26. The cell 11 is located directly above the pressure relief channel 214. The bottom of the cell 11 is provided with a lower cell seal edge, which is located in the second structural adhesive 26 between the cell 11 and the composite base plate 20.

[0051] In this embodiment, the battery cell 11 and the pultruded protective strip 24 are connected to the composite base plate 20 by the second structural adhesive 26. Each battery cell 11 is located directly above the pressure relief channel 214. The bottom edge of the battery cell 11 is the structurally weak area after thermal runaway of the battery cell 11.

[0052] When cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas is ejected from the bottom sealing edge, causing the cell potting compound 23 in the trigger area to be blown away. The high-temperature gas is sprayed vertically downwards and to the left and right sides. The raised structure 215 on the composite base plate 20 can contain the cell potting compound 23 below the non-trigger cell 11. The high-temperature gas from the thermally runaway cell 11 cannot scorch other cells in the vertical direction of the pressure relief channel 214, and thermal diffusion will not occur in this direction.

[0053] The composite base plate 20 and the pultruded protective strip 24 are bonded together as a whole by the second structural adhesive 26, and the heat insulation component 30 and the pultruded protective strip 24 are bonded together as a whole by the first structural adhesive 25. When the high-temperature gas is ejected laterally due to thermal runaway of the battery cell 11, the composite base plate 20, the pultruded protective strip 24, and the heat insulation component 30 resist the impact of the high-temperature high-speed gas, and prevent the high-temperature gas from scorching the adjacent battery cell 11 in the side direction, so that heat diffusion will not occur in this direction.

[0054] In some alternative embodiments: see Figures 9 to 12 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a thermal runaway protection battery module is provided. The pultruded protective strip 24, composite base plate 20, and grid plate 213 of the thermal runaway protection battery module are integrally formed structures of resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastic. A second structural adhesive 26 connects the bottom of the battery cell 11 to the composite base plate 20. The battery cell 11 is located directly above the pressure relief channel 214. The bottom of the battery cell 11 is provided with a lower sealing edge, which is located within the second structural adhesive 26 between the battery cell 11 and the composite base plate 20.

[0055] In this embodiment, the battery cell 11 is connected to the composite base plate 20 via a second structural adhesive 26. The pultruded protective strip 24, the composite base plate 20, and the grid plate 213 are integrally formed from resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastic to enhance the structural strength of the composite base plate 20. Each battery cell 11 is located directly above the pressure relief channel 214, and the bottom edge of the battery cell 11 is the structurally weak area after thermal runaway.

[0056] When cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas is ejected from the bottom sealing edge, causing the cell potting compound 23 in the trigger area to be blown away. The high-temperature gas is sprayed vertically downwards and to the left and right sides. The raised structure 215 on the composite base plate 20 can contain the cell potting compound 23 below the non-trigger cell 11. The high-temperature gas from the thermally runaway cell 11 cannot scorch other cells in the vertical direction of the pressure relief channel 214, and thermal diffusion will not occur in this direction.

[0057] The pultruded protective strip 24 and the composite base plate 20 are integrally formed structures of resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastic. The heat insulation component 30 and the pultruded protective strip 24 are bonded together by the first structural adhesive 25. When the high-temperature gas is ejected laterally due to thermal runaway of the battery cell 11, the composite base plate 20, the pultruded protective strip 24, and the heat insulation component 30 resist the impact of high-temperature and high-speed gas, and prevent the high-temperature gas from scorching the adjacent battery cell 11 in the side direction, so that heat diffusion will not occur in this direction.

[0058] In some alternative embodiments: see Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 9 As shown, this application embodiment provides a thermal runaway protection battery module, which further includes a composite top plate 2 located on top of the cell assembly 10, and side panels 1 connecting the composite top plate 2 and the composite bottom plate 20 are respectively provided on both sides of the cell assembly 10. Both ends of the composite top plate 2 and the composite bottom plate 20 are provided with flanges connecting the side panels 1.

[0059] The side panel 1 has a mounting plate on the side facing away from the cell assembly 10. The side panel 1 has multiple spaced cooling channels similar to the circulating fluid battery coolant. The side panel 1 near the cell assembly 10 has foam. The area of ​​the cell 11 near the tab is encapsulated with tab potting compound (not shown in the figure). The tab potting compound is located in the space enclosed by the composite top plate 2, the composite bottom plate 20 and the side panel 1.

[0060] See Figures 1 to 12 As shown, the second aspect of this application provides a battery pack, including the thermal runaway protection battery module described in any of the above embodiments. The thermal runaway protection battery module is provided in multiple sets, which are connected in series or in parallel and encapsulated in the battery pack shell (not shown in the figure). The thermal runaway protection battery module is fixed in the battery pack shell by a mounting plate. A pressure relief valve (not shown in the figure) is installed on the battery pack shell. When the gas pressure in the battery pack shell reaches the pressure relief pressure, the pressure relief valve automatically opens.

[0061] The battery module for thermal runaway protection within the battery pack according to this application embodiment includes: The battery cell assembly 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 arranged sequentially along its thickness direction. Each battery cell 11 is configured to eject high-temperature gas towards the bottom in the event of thermal runaway. In this embodiment, the battery cell 11 is preferably, but not limited to, a pouch cell, wherein the top and side strengths of the pouch cell are greater than its bottom strength, so that the battery cell 11 preferentially ejects high-temperature gas from the bottom in the event of thermal runaway.

[0062] The aluminum-plastic film sealing structure of the soft-pack battery cell is as follows: the top surface is unsealed, while the two side tab surfaces and the bottom are sealed with folded edges. The strength of the sealing with folded edges is less than the strength of the unsealed aluminum-plastic film body. In the event of thermal runaway, gas is preferentially discharged from the folded edge sealing area. After multiple battery cells 11 are grouped into a module, the area of ​​battery cell 11 near the tab is sealed with tab potting compound, and the unsealed area on the top surface is sealed with structural adhesive. This is intentionally designed so that when battery cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, the emitted high-temperature gas will be ejected downwards.

[0063] A composite base plate 20 is disposed at the bottom of the cell assembly 10. The composite base plate 20 is provided with a pressure relief grid 27, which is used to discharge high-temperature gas downwards when a cell 11 experiences thermal runaway. The pressure relief grid 27 is filled with cell potting compound 23, and the edge of the pressure relief grid 27 is provided with a protruding structure 215 for connecting the cell potting compound 23.

[0064] The composite base plate 20 of this application embodiment is used to fix and install the battery cell assembly 10, and a pressure relief grid 27 is provided on the composite base plate 20. The pressure relief grid 27 is directly opposite the bottom of each battery cell 11. When a battery cell 11 experiences thermal runaway and ejects high-temperature gas, the pressure can be relieved through the pressure relief grid 27.

[0065] In this embodiment, the pressure relief grille 27 is filled with cell potting compound 23. When a cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas ejected impacts and detaches the cell potting compound 23 at its bottom, thus relieving pressure. The high-temperature gas flow ejected from the thermally runaway cell 11 may cause the cell potting compound 23 at the bottom of the non-triggered cell 11 to detach.

[0066] In order to protect the non-triggered cell 11 from being vertically burned by the high-temperature gas emitted by the cell 11 in case of thermal runaway, the pressure relief grid 27 is filled with cell potting compound 23 and connected by the protruding structure 215 on the edge of the pressure relief grid 27 to prevent it from completely falling off and exposing the bottom of the cell 11, thus avoiding vertical burning.

[0067] The heat insulation component 30 is provided with multiple components located between a single or adjacent battery cell 11. The composite base plate 20 is connected to the heat insulation component 30 to form an integral structure to block the lateral propagation of high-temperature gas.

[0068] In this embodiment of the application, a heat insulation component 30 is provided between a single or multiple adjacent battery cells 11. The heat insulation component 30 is not only used to separate the battery cells 11 between a single or multiple adjacent battery cells 11, but also to connect the composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 to form an integral structure, thus isolating each string of battery cells 11 and effectively protecting the high-temperature gas side spray that triggers thermal runaway of the battery cell 11 from burning the adjacent battery cell 11, and preventing heat diffusion in this direction.

[0069] In the battery pack of this application embodiment, the thermal runaway protection battery module is configured such that the cell 11 is sprayed with high-temperature gas towards the bottom when thermal runaway occurs. When a cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas is sprayed from the bottom of the thermal runaway cell 11, and the cell potting adhesive 23 of the composite base plate 20 located in the thermal runaway area is blown open, and the high-temperature gas is sprayed vertically downwards and to the left and right sides.

[0070] The high-temperature gas ejected from the bottom of the thermal runaway cell 11 has significant impact kinetic energy, causing the cell potting compound 23 located within the pressure relief grid 27 to detach under vibration. To increase the connection strength between the cell potting compound 23 and the pressure relief grid 27, a raised structure 215 at the edge of the pressure relief grid 27 can hold other cell potting compounds 23 in place, preventing them from detaching. The high-temperature gas ejected from the thermal runaway cell 11 cannot heat other cells 11 in the vertical direction, and heat diffusion does not occur in that direction.

[0071] The composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 are connected to form an integrated structure. When the high-temperature gas of the thermal runaway cell 11 is ejected laterally, the composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 resist the impact of the high-temperature high-speed gas and prevent the high-temperature gas from scorching the adjacent cell 11 along the side direction, so that heat diffusion will not occur in this direction.

[0072] The composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 are connected to form an integrated structure, constituting a robust firewall. When the high-temperature gas from the thermally runaway cell 11 attempts to be ejected to the side, the firewall formed by the integrated structure of the composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 can block the airflow and protect the normal cell 11 next door from being damaged by the heat.

[0073] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle including the battery pack described in the above embodiments.

[0074] Working principle This application provides a thermal runaway protection battery module, battery pack, and vehicle. The thermal runaway protection battery module includes a cell assembly 10, comprising multiple cells 11 arranged sequentially along a predetermined direction. Each cell 11 is configured to eject high-temperature gas towards the bottom in the event of thermal runaway. A composite base plate 20 is disposed at the bottom of the cell assembly 10. The composite base plate 20 has a pressure relief grille 27 filled with cell potting compound 23. The edge of the pressure relief grille 27 has protrusions 215 connecting the cell potting compound 23. A heat insulation component 30 is provided, comprising multiple components located between one or more cells 11. The composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 are connected to form an integral structure to block the lateral propagation of high-temperature gas.

[0075] Therefore, the thermal runaway protection battery module of this application configures the cell 11 to eject high-temperature gas downwards when thermal runaway occurs. When a cell 11 experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas is ejected from the bottom of the thermal runaway cell 11, and the cell potting compound 23 located in the thermal runaway area of ​​the composite base plate 20 is blown open, with the high-temperature gas spraying vertically downwards and laterally. The protruding structure 215 on the edge of the pressure relief grille 27 can contain the potting compound 23 of other cells, preventing the high-temperature gas from scorching other cells 11 in the vertical direction, thus preventing heat diffusion in that direction. The composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 are connected to form an integrated structure. When the high-temperature gas from the thermal runaway cell 11 is ejected laterally, the composite base plate 20 and the heat insulation component 30 resist the impact of the high-temperature, high-speed gas, preventing the high-temperature gas from scorching the adjacent cells 11 along the side direction, thus preventing heat diffusion in that direction.

[0076] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0077] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0078] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway protection battery module, characterized in that, include: A battery cell assembly (10) includes a plurality of battery cells (11) arranged sequentially along a set direction, and each battery cell (11) is configured to eject high-temperature gas toward the bottom in the event of thermal runaway; A composite base plate (20) is provided at the bottom of the battery cell assembly (10). The composite base plate (20) is provided with a pressure relief grid (27). The pressure relief grid (27) is filled with battery cell potting compound (23). The edge of the pressure relief grid (27) is provided with a protruding structure (215) connecting the battery cell potting compound (23). The heat insulation component (30) is provided with multiple components and is located between one or more battery cells (11). The composite base plate (20) is connected to the heat insulation component (30) to form an integral structure to block the lateral propagation of the high temperature gas.

2. The thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cell (11) includes a pouch cell, wherein the top and side strengths of the pouch cell are greater than the bottom strength, so that the cell (11) preferentially ejects high-temperature gas from the bottom when thermal runaway occurs.

3. The thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The protrusion structure (215) is at least one of a fishbone-shaped protrusion, a wavy protrusion, or a serrated protrusion.

4. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The composite base plate (20) includes a surface composite layer (21) and an internal reinforcing layer (22) embedded inside the surface composite layer (21). The pressure relief grid (27) and the raised structure (215) are integrally formed with the surface composite layer (21).

5. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The surface composite layer (21) includes multiple horizontal base plates (211) that are parallel to each other and spaced apart, and longitudinal end plates (212) connected to both ends of the multiple horizontal base plates (211). The pressure relief grille (27) includes multiple grille plates (213) spaced apart between two adjacent transverse bottom plates (211), and a pressure relief channel (214) for ejecting high-temperature gas is formed between the multiple grille plates (213). The raised structure (215) is located on both sides of the grid plate (213), and the cell potting compound (23) is filled in the pressure relief channel (214) and connected to the raised structure (215).

6. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The internal reinforcing layer (22) includes a transverse steel plate (221) embedded in multiple transverse bottom plates (211) and a longitudinal steel plate (222) embedded in a longitudinal end plate (212). The ends of the transverse steel plate (221) are fixedly connected to the longitudinal steel plate (222). The surface composite layer (21), the pressure relief grid (27), and the raised structure (215) are resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastic.

7. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the multiple heat insulation components (30) has a pultruded protective strip (24) at its bottom. The top of the pultruded protective strip (24) has a groove (243) for accommodating the heat insulation component (30). The groove (243) is filled with a first structural adhesive (25) for connecting the heat insulation component (30). The multiple pultruded protective strips (24) are located above the grid plate (213) and connected to the composite base plate (20) and the grid plate (213).

8. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The pultruded protective strip (24) includes a base (241) that connects to the composite base plate (20). Two parallel and spaced clamps (242) are provided above the base (241), and a groove (243) for accommodating the heat insulation component (30) is formed between the two clamps (242). The heat insulation component (30) includes a phase change heat insulation sheet (31), the bottom of which has an aluminum-plastic film edge seal (32) protruding, the aluminum-plastic film edge seal (32) extending into the groove (243), and the groove (243) is filled with a first structural adhesive (25) connecting the aluminum-plastic film edge seal (32).

9. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The pultruded protective strip (24), composite base plate (20), and grid plate (213) are integrally formed structures of resin-based glass fiber reinforced plastic. The bottom of the battery cell (11) is connected to the composite base plate (20) by a second structural adhesive (26). The battery cell (11) is located directly above the pressure relief channel (214). The bottom of the battery cell (11) is provided with a lower sealing edge. The lower sealing edge is located in the second structural adhesive (26) between the battery cell (11) and the composite base plate (20).

10. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the battery cell (11) and the pultruded protective strip (24) are connected to the composite base plate (20) by the second structural adhesive (26). The battery cell (11) is located directly above the pressure relief channel (214). The bottom of the battery cell (11) is provided with a lower sealing edge, which is located in the second structural adhesive (26) between the battery cell (11) and the composite base plate (20).

11. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a composite top plate (2) located on top of the battery cell assembly (10), and side panels (1) connecting the composite top plate (2) and the composite bottom plate (20) are respectively provided on both sides of the battery cell assembly (10). Both ends of the composite top plate (2) and the composite bottom plate (20) are provided with flanges connecting the side panels (1).

12. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 11, characterized in that: The side panel (1) has a mounting plate on the side facing away from the battery cell assembly (10), and the side panel (1) has a plurality of spaced cooling channels. The side panel (1) has foam on the side close to the battery cell assembly (10).

13. A thermal runaway protection battery module as described in claim 11, characterized in that: The area of ​​the battery cell (11) near the tab is encapsulated with tab potting compound, which is located in the space enclosed by the composite top plate (2), the composite bottom plate (20) and the side plate (1).

14. A battery pack, characterized in that, The battery module includes the thermal runaway protection battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the thermal runaway protection battery module is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of thermal runaway protection battery modules are connected in series or in parallel and encapsulated in the battery pack shell.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the battery pack as described in claim 14.

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