A dry water cooling-based thermal management system for lithium batteries

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of dry water cooling lithium battery thermal management, and particularly relates to a dry water cooling lithium battery thermal management system, which comprises a placing mechanism, the placing mechanism is installed in the interior of an electric car, staggered through holes are formed in the interior of the placing mechanism, a heat radiating structure is arranged in the through holes, an output end of the heat radiating structure is connected with a heat gathering mechanism, an input end of the heat radiating structure is connected with an output end of a plunger pump mechanism, the heat radiating structure serves as a dry water flow carrier and is used for radiating heat of the whole battery, the heat gathering mechanism is arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the interior of the placing mechanism, an input end of the left end of the heat gathering mechanism is connected with the output end of the heat radiating structure, the application can solve the contradiction of medium flow, energy waste and insufficient heat radiating capacity, and can realize low-resistance and high-efficiency heat exchange, double utilization of waste heat and full-mechanical high-reliability driving, and overcome the defects of large disturbance resistance, low waste heat utilization rate and dependence on electric control of the traditional heat radiating structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management technology, specifically to a dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system. Background Technology

[0002] The lithium-ion battery thermal management system is a key component ensuring the safe and efficient operation of battery cells. Currently, mainstream thermal management solutions use electric pumps to drive coolant circulation. This system has significant energy consumption drawbacks: under low load conditions, the electric pump still needs to operate, consuming battery power and reducing the vehicle's driving range; under high load conditions, it relies entirely on electric power, further exacerbating the energy burden. To address this issue, the industry has attempted to develop self-driving solutions, such as using vehicle vibration or the expansion force of battery cells during charging and discharging as a power source. However, vibration-driven solutions completely fail when the vehicle is stationary (e.g., while parking and charging); the cell expansion force-driven solution suffers from a more fundamental timing mismatch defect—the expansion force of the battery cell increases during charging, while the peak heat load occurs in the later stages of discharge, resulting in a temporal misalignment between the driving force and cooling requirements, which is fundamentally inconsistent. Therefore, existing self-driving technologies have consistently failed to overcome the dual dilemmas of operating condition limitations and physical logical contradictions.

[0003] Furthermore, existing thermal management systems often employ a single medium to handle both heat dissipation and driving functions, leading to mutual constraints in system design: using a medium with high specific heat capacity results in insufficient driving performance, while using an easily vaporized medium limits heat dissipation capacity. Some solutions attempt to separate different media, but this often fails to avoid the risk of media cross-flow—cooling media entering the driving circuit can cause pipe blockage or seal failure, while driving media leaking into the heat dissipation circuit may corrode the battery cells or reduce cooling performance. Simultaneously, traditional systems must maintain forced circulation at low loads, resulting in energy waste, while natural heat dissipation is severely insufficient at high loads, creating a significant performance gap between the two modes. Regarding heat transfer enhancement, conventional turbulence structures (such as fins and baffles) can improve the heat transfer coefficient, but at the cost of significantly increasing flow resistance (typically 30%–50%), leading to a surge in pump power consumption and low system efficiency. More importantly, the waste heat generated by the battery cells has long been considered pure "waste" that needs to be passively discharged, failing to be converted into useful power to drive the cooling cycle, leaving significant room for improvement in energy utilization efficiency.

[0004] To address this, we propose a thermal management system for lithium batteries based on dry water cooling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A thermal management system for lithium batteries based on dry water cooling includes: a placement mechanism installed inside a tram. The placement mechanism is internally permeated with heat dissipation structures. The output of these structures connects to a heat-gathering mechanism, while the input connects to the output of a plunger pump mechanism. These heat dissipation structures act as a carrier for dry water circulation, dissipating heat throughout the battery cell. The heat-gathering mechanism is located at the upper and lower ends of the placement mechanism's interior. Its left-center input connects to the output of the heat dissipation structure, and its right-center output connects to the input of an external dry water cooler. The inputs on both sides of the left side of the heat-gathering mechanism connect to the output of a steam storage tank, and the outputs on both sides of the right side connect to the input of a piston drive mechanism. The heat-gathering mechanism receives waste heat from the dry water and the battery cell, heating the internal dry water and hydrofluoroolefin. This thermal expansion of the dry water causes it to circulate, generating high-pressure steam from the hydrofluoroolefin, which is then transmitted to the piston drive mechanism. The piston drive mechanism is installed inside the right side of the placement mechanism. On the front side, the output end of the piston drive mechanism is externally connected to the input end of the steam condenser. The drive end of the piston drive mechanism is connected to the input end of the plunger pump mechanism. The piston drive mechanism is driven by steam pressure to perform reciprocating motion, converting gas pressure energy into mechanical kinetic energy, and transmitting the reciprocating motion to the plunger pump mechanism to realize power transfer. The plunger pump mechanism is installed on the rear side inside the right end of the placement mechanism. The input end of the plunger pump mechanism is connected to the output end of the dry water storage tank. When the plunger pump mechanism is under high load, it forces the delivery of dry water to increase the circulation flow. The input end of the dry water storage tank is externally connected to the output end of the dry water cooler. The dry water storage tank is installed on the upper rear side of the right end inside the placement mechanism. The dry water storage tank is used to store, stabilize, and replenish dry water. The dry water cooler is used to cool the thermally expanding dry water. The steam storage tank is installed on the upper left side inside the placement mechanism. The input end of the steam storage tank is connected to the output end of the steam condenser.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system described in this invention, the placement mechanism includes: a placement housing; The housing contains an installation assembly, which contains several sets of lithium battery modules. A heat dissipation structure is also installed around the inside of the installation assembly. A lower housing assembly is installed at the bottom of the housing, and an upper housing assembly is installed at the top. Both the lower and upper housing assemblies contain heat dissipation structures, the end faces of which contact the top and bottom of the lithium battery modules. A first outer shell is detachably installed at the right end of the housing, containing a piston drive mechanism, a plunger pump mechanism, and a dry water storage tank. A second outer shell is detachably installed at the left end of the housing, containing a vapor storage tank.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system described in this invention, the mounting component includes an external mounting plate. The outer mounting plate is installed around the inner wall of the housing. The inner mounting plate is installed and connected to the outer mounting plate through connecting columns. The lithium battery assembly is installed inside the inner mounting plate. Heat dissipation structures are installed alternately between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate. The lower housing assembly includes: a lower housing; The lower housing is installed at the bottom of the housing, and a cover plate is installed on the top of the housing. A heat dissipation structure is installed at the bottom of the cover plate, and mounting grooves are provided around the surface of the cover plate.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system of the present invention, the heat dissipation structure includes: a first heat dissipation component; The first heat dissipation component is installed at the upper end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate in the placement mechanism. The lower end of the first heat dissipation component is provided with a second heat dissipation component, which is installed at the lower end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate in the placement mechanism. The structure of the second heat dissipation component is the same as that of the first heat dissipation component. The input ends of the first heat dissipation component and the second heat dissipation component are connected to each other and connected to the output end of the plunger pump mechanism. The interior of the first heat dissipation component and the second heat dissipation component is filled with dry water.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system of the present invention, the first heat dissipation component includes a spiral pipe. The inner wall of the spiral pipe is provided with an inner spiral groove. A first one-way valve is installed on the inner end of the inner spiral groove. A first conical tube is provided on the left end of the first one-way valve, and a second conical tube is provided on the right end of the first one-way valve. A π-shaped tube is connected between the two sets of spiral pipes. The connecting pipes of the two sets of spiral pipes and the π-shaped tube are placed alternately at the upper end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate. The connecting pipes of the two sets of spiral pipes and the π-shaped tube are connected to each other. The input end of the connecting pipe of the two sets of spiral pipes and the π-shaped tube is connected to the first input pipe. The right end of the first input pipe is connected to the output end of the plunger pump mechanism. The output end of the connecting pipe of the two sets of spiral pipes and the π-shaped tube is connected to the second output pipe. The right end of the second output pipe is connected to the middle of the left end of the heat-gathering mechanism.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system of the present invention, the heat-gathering mechanism includes: a first heat-gathering component; The first thermal concentrator is installed inside the upper housing assembly in the placement mechanism. The bottom of the first thermal concentrator is in contact with the top of the lithium battery assembly in the placement mechanism. The outer interfaces at both ends of the first thermal concentrator are connected to the second thermal concentrator. The second thermal concentrator is installed inside the lower housing assembly. The top of the second thermal concentrator is in contact with the bottom surface of the lithium battery assembly.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system of the present invention, the first heat-gathering component includes a heat-gathering plate. The heat-collecting plate is installed inside the upper housing assembly. Several sets of copper sheets are set at the bottom of the heat-collecting plate, and the copper sheets are in contact with the top of the lithium battery assembly. A heat-collecting cavity is set at the upper part of the heat-collecting plate. A heating box is set at the top of the heat-collecting plate. A dry water heating box is installed in the middle of the heating box. The dry water heating box is located in the middle of the heat-collecting cavity. The left end of the dry water heating box is connected to the output end of the heat dissipation structure, and the right end of the dry water heating box is connected to the input end of the dry water cooler. The dry water heating box is filled with dry water. Steam heating pipes are installed at both ends of the heating box. The right output end of the steam heating pipe is connected to the input end of the piston drive mechanism. The steam heating pipes are located at both ends of the heat-collecting cavity. The steam heating pipes are filled with hydrofluoroolefin.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system of the present invention, the piston drive mechanism includes a cylinder assembly. The cylinder assembly is installed inside the front end of the first outer shell in the placement mechanism. The input end of the cylinder assembly is connected to the middle output end of the first and second heat-gathering components in the heat-gathering mechanism. The output end of the cylinder assembly is externally connected to a steam condenser. The cylinder assembly is internally connected to a piston assembly.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system of the present invention, the cylinder assembly includes an injection box. The left end of the injection box is connected to the middle output end of the first and second heat-gathering components in the heat-gathering mechanism. A cylinder is provided at the rear end of the injection box, and an output box is provided at the rear end of the outer wall of the cylinder. The output end of the output box is connected to a steam condenser through a pipe. A movable box is provided at the rear end of the output box, and a first sprocket is rotatably connected to the top of the movable box. The piston assembly includes: a piston; The piston is slidably connected inside the cylinder. The rear end of the piston is rotatably connected to the front end of the connecting rod. The rear end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected between two sets of eccentric wheels. The top and bottom of the two sets of eccentric wheels are rotatably connected inside the movable box via a shaft. The top of the upper eccentric wheel is rotatably connected to the first sprocket. The rear end of the piston is connected to one end of the return spring. The other end of the return spring is connected to the rear end of the inner wall of the output box.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system described in this invention, the plunger pump mechanism includes a plunger pump and a shaft support. The plunger pump is installed inside the rear end of the first housing. The output end of the plunger pump is connected to the input end of the heat dissipation structure. The input end of the plunger pump is connected to the output end of the dry water storage tank. A first helical gear is fixedly installed on the drive end of the plunger pump. A second helical gear is meshed with the top of the first helical gear. The shaft bracket is installed inside the rear end of the first housing. The bottom of the shaft bracket is rotatably connected to the second helical gear through a shaft. The top of the shaft bracket is connected to the second sprocket through a shaft. The internal transmission of the second sprocket is connected to a chain. The other end of the chain is connected to the first sprocket in the piston drive mechanism.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies: This invention fills the spiral pipe of the heat dissipation structure with dry water. After the dry water absorbs the heat of the lithium battery component, it undergoes volume thermal expansion and density reduction. Under the combined action of gravity and the inclined arrangement of the pipe, it forms a directional slow flow. At the same time, the steam heating pipe in the heat-gathering mechanism is filled with hydrofluoroolefin. The waste heat of the battery cell is absorbed by the heat-gathering plate and copper sheet, causing the hydrofluoroolefin to vaporize and generate high-pressure steam. This steam drives the piston to reciprocate and drives the plunger pump through the connecting rod, eccentric wheel, sprocket and chain transmission. This achieves an adaptive switching between zero-energy-consumption natural circulation heat dissipation of dry water under low load and conversion of waste heat from the battery cell into forced circulation power under high load. Moreover, the steam pressure is positively correlated with the heat load and automatically adjusts the pumping flow. This solves the fundamental defects of traditional electric pumps, such as energy waste under low load and reliance on electrical energy under high load, as well as the limitations or timing mismatch of existing self-driven schemes (vibration drive, expansion force drive). This invention sets the dry water heat dissipation circuit and the hydrofluoroolefin vapor drive circuit as completely independent pipelines. The two circuits exchange heat only through the metal wall in the heat-gathering mechanism without the media mixing. The heat dissipation structure is simultaneously set with a dry water thermal expansion natural flow path and a plunger pump forced delivery flow path. Under low load, only thermal expansion drives the flow, while under high load, the plunger pump intervenes and mixes with the natural flow to form turbulence. This achieves that the dry water and hydrofluoroolefin each perform their respective functions without contaminating each other. Moreover, the dry water circulation flow rate is automatically matched with the heat generation of the battery cell under all operating conditions. The heat transfer coefficient of the composite flow field is significantly improved compared with the single mode. This solves the contradictions in the single medium scheme, such as the mutual restraint between the drive and heat dissipation functions, the media crossflow causing pipeline blockage, the energy waste of forced circulation under low load, and the insufficient natural heat dissipation capacity under high load. This invention achieves a significant increase in heat transfer coefficient at the cost of minimal flow resistance, utilizes a portion of waste heat for both natural circulation and forced drive, and stores return energy in the return stroke using a return spring. This solves the problems of excessive resistance, low waste heat utilization efficiency, and reliance on electrical energy and electronic control in traditional turbulent structures. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the dry water-cooled lithium battery thermal management system provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall main view structure provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall rear view structure provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the overall disassembled structure provided by the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the overall disassembled structure provided by the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the placement mechanism provided by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the placement mechanism provided by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the placement mechanism provided by the present invention Figure 3 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the mounting component and the lithium battery component provided by the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the mounting component and the lithium battery component provided by the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled installation components and heat dissipation structure provided by the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation component structure provided by the present invention; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the first heat dissipation component structure provided by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the first heat dissipation component structure provided by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of the first heat dissipation component provided by the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the second heat dissipation component structure provided by the present invention; Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the pipe connection structure for the heat dissipation structure and heat collection mechanism provided by the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the heat-gathering mechanism provided by the present invention; Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the first thermal concentrating component structure provided by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the first thermal concentrating component structure provided by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the first thermal concentrating component structure provided by the present invention Figure 3 ; Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the first thermal concentrating component provided by the present invention; Figure 23 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first thermal concentrating component provided by the present invention; Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the dry water heating box and the steam heating pipe provided by the present invention; Figure 25 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of the piston drive mechanism, plunger pump mechanism and dry water storage tank provided by the present invention; Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the piston drive mechanism provided by the present invention; Figure 27 This is a cross-sectional view of the piston drive mechanism provided by the present invention; Figure 28 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the plunger pump mechanism and the dry water storage tank provided by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 29 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the plunger pump mechanism and the dry water storage tank provided by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 30 A schematic diagram of the steam storage tank structure provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] This invention provides a thermal management system for lithium batteries based on dry water cooling. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-30It includes a placement mechanism 1, a heat dissipation structure 2, a heat collection mechanism 3, a piston drive mechanism 4, a plunger pump mechanism 5, a dry water storage tank 6, and a steam storage tank 7. The placement mechanism 1 is installed inside the tram. The placement mechanism 1 includes: a placement housing 11, a mounting assembly 12, an outer mounting plate 121, a connecting column 122, an inner mounting plate 123, a lithium battery assembly 13, a lower housing assembly 14, a lower housing 141, a cover plate 142, a mounting groove 143, an upper housing assembly 15, a first outer shell 16, and a second outer shell 17. The mounting assembly 12 is installed inside the placement housing 11. The mounting assembly 12 is used to absorb heat from the sides of the lithium battery assembly 13. Several sets of lithium battery assemblies 13 are installed around the inside of the mounting assembly 12, and heat dissipation structures 2 are staggered around the inside of the mounting assembly 12. An outer mounting plate 121 is installed around the inner wall of the housing 11. An inner mounting plate 123 is installed and connected to the inner mounting plate 123 via connecting posts 122. The lithium battery assembly 13 is installed inside the inner mounting plate 123. The inner mounting plate 123 is made of copper. The inner mounting plate 123 transfers heat from the side of the lithium battery assembly 13 to the space between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate 121 and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate 123. A heat dissipation structure 2 is alternately installed between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate 121 and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate 123. Heat can be transferred to the heat dissipation structure 2 through the inner wall of the outer mounting plate 121 and the inner mounting plate 123 for absorption. The heat dissipation structure 2 dissipates heat from the lithium battery assembly 13. A lower housing assembly 141 is installed at the bottom of the housing 11, and a cover plate 142 is installed at the top of the housing 11. The heat dissipation structure 2 is installed at the bottom of the cover plate 142. Mounting grooves 143 are provided around the surface of the cover plate 142. The top of the heat dissipation structure 2 passes through the mounting grooves 143 and contacts the bottom of the lithium battery assembly 13. The lower housing 141 and cover plate 142 allow for the installation and fixation of the heat dissipation structure 2, ensuring its contact with the lithium battery assembly 13. The top of the housing 11... The upper housing assembly 15 is installed, and the lower housing assembly 14 and the upper housing assembly 15 are both equipped with heat dissipation structures 2. The structure of the upper housing assembly 15 is the same as that of the lower housing assembly 14. The end face of the heat dissipation structure 2 contacts the top and bottom of the lithium battery assembly 13. The heat from the top and bottom of the lithium battery assembly 13 is absorbed by the heat dissipation structure 2. The right end of the housing 11 is detachably equipped with a first outer shell 16. The first outer shell 16 is equipped with a piston drive mechanism 4, a plunger pump mechanism 5 and a dry water storage tank 6. The left end of the housing 11 is detachably equipped with a second outer shell 17. The second outer shell 17 is equipped with a vapor storage tank 7. The heat dissipation structure 2 is interwoven throughout the interior of the placement mechanism 1. The output end of the heat dissipation structure 2 is connected to the heat collection mechanism 3, and the input end of the heat dissipation structure 2 is connected to the output end of the plunger pump mechanism 5. The heat dissipation structure 2 serves as a dry water flow carrier for heat dissipation of the entire battery cell. The heat dissipation structure 2 includes: a first heat dissipation component 21, a spiral pipe 211, an inner spiral groove 212, a first one-way valve 213, a first conical tube 214, a second conical tube 215, a π-shaped tube 216, a first input pipe 217, a second output pipe 218, and a second heat dissipation component 22. The first heat dissipation component 21 is installed at the upper end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate 121 and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate 123 in the placement mechanism 1. The spiral pipe 21... The inner wall of component 1 is provided with an inner spiral groove 212, which forces the fluid to undergo a combined spiral and axial motion, thereby increasing turbulence and reducing boundary layer thermal resistance. A first one-way valve 213 is installed on the inner end of the inner spiral groove 212. A first conical tube 214 is provided on the left end of the first one-way valve 213, with the left end opening of the first conical tube 214 being larger than the right end opening. A second conical tube 215 is provided on the right end of the first one-way valve 213, with the left end opening of the second conical tube 215 being larger than the right end opening. A π-shaped tube 216 connects the two sets of spiral pipes 211. The opening directions of the first conical tube 214 and the second conical tube 215 between the two sets of spiral pipes 211 are consistent, facilitating the flow of dry water. To facilitate transportation and prevent backflow of dry water, the connecting pipes of two sets of spiral pipes 211 and π-shaped pipes 216 are staggered and placed at the upper end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate 121 and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate 123. The connecting pipes of the two sets of spiral pipes 211 and π-shaped pipes 216 are interconnected, thereby creating a closed loop of several sets of connecting pipes of spiral pipes 211 and π-shaped pipes 216. The input end of the connecting pipes of the two sets of spiral pipes 211 and π-shaped pipes 216 is connected to the first input pipe 217, and the right end of the first input pipe 217 is connected to the output end of the plunger pump mechanism 5. The output end of the connecting pipes of the two sets of spiral pipes 211 and π-shaped pipes 216 is connected to the second output pipe 218. The right end of the heat-gathering mechanism 3 is connected to the middle of the left end of the heat-gathering mechanism 3. The dry water can enter the pipe through the first input pipe 217, then flow out through the second output pipe 218, and then enter the middle of the heat-gathering mechanism 3 for heating. The lower end of the first heat-gathering component 21 is provided with a second heat-gathering component 22. The second heat-gathering component 22 is installed at the lower end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate 121 and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate 123 in the placement mechanism 1. The structure of the second heat-gathering component 22 is the same as that of the first heat-gathering component 21. The input ends of the first heat-gathering component 21 and the second heat-gathering component 22 are connected to each other and connected to the output end of the plunger pump mechanism 5. The interior of the first heat-gathering component 21 and the second heat-gathering component 22 is filled with dry water. The heat-gathering mechanism 3 is located at the upper and lower ends of the middle interior of the placement mechanism 1. The input end of the middle left end of the heat-gathering mechanism 3 is connected to the output end of the heat dissipation structure 2. The output end of the middle right end of the heat-gathering mechanism 3 passes through the right end of the placement mechanism 1 and is connected to the input end of the external dry water cooler. The input ends on both sides of the left end of the heat-gathering mechanism 3 are connected to the output end of the steam storage tank 7. The output ends on both sides of the right end of the heat-gathering mechanism 3 are connected to the input end of the piston drive mechanism 4. The heat-gathering mechanism 3 receives the waste heat from the dry water and the battery cell, heats the internal dry water and hydrofluoroolefin, causes the dry water to expand thermally and flow, and causes the hydrofluoroolefin to generate high-pressure steam, which is transmitted to the piston drive mechanism 4 for driving. The heat-gathering mechanism 3 includes: a first heat-gathering component 31, a heat-gathering plate 311, a copper sheet 312, a heat-gathering cavity 313, a heating box 314, a dry water heating box 315, a steam heating pipe 316, and a second heat-gathering component 32.The first heat-gathering component 31 is installed inside the upper housing assembly 15 in the placement mechanism 1. The bottom of the first heat-gathering component 31 is in contact with the top of the lithium battery assembly 13 in the placement mechanism 1. The first heat-gathering component 31 can absorb the heat from the top of the lithium battery assembly 13 and concentrate it inside. The heat-gathering plate 311 is installed inside the upper housing assembly 15. The heat-gathering plate 311 is set in a stepped shape. The heat-gathering plate 311 can concentrate the heat upward. Several sets of copper sheets 312 are provided at the bottom of the heat-gathering plate 311. The copper sheets 312 are in contact with the top of the lithium battery assembly 13. The copper sheet can transfer the heat of the lithium battery assembly 13 to the interior of the heat-collecting plate 311. A heat-collecting cavity 313 is provided at the upper end of the heat-collecting plate 311. The heat-collecting cavity 313 can concentrate the heat absorbed by the copper sheet 312 inside, heating the dry water and hydrofluoroolefin. A heating box 314 is provided on the top of the heat-collecting plate 311. A dry water heating box 315 is installed in the middle of the interior of the heating box 314. The dry water heating box 315 is located in the middle of the interior of the heat-collecting cavity 313. The left end of the dry water heating box 315 is connected to the output end of the heat dissipation structure 2. The right end is connected to the input end of the dry water cooler. The dry water heating box 315 is filled with dry water. The heat from the heat-gathering cavity 313 can heat the dry water in the dry water heating box 315, causing the dry water to expand. Steam heating pipes 316 are installed at both ends of the heating box 314. The right output end of the steam heating pipe 316 is connected to the input end of the piston drive mechanism 4. The steam heating pipes 316 are located at both ends inside the heat-gathering cavity 313. The inside of the steam heating pipes 316 is filled with hydrofluoroolefin. Through the heat gathering of the heat-gathering cavity 313, the hydrofluoroolefin inside the steam heating pipes 316 can be heated. Fluoroolefins are vaporized to generate high-pressure steam. The outer interfaces at both ends of the first heat-gathering component 31 are connected to the second heat-gathering component 32. The second heat-gathering component 32 is installed inside the lower housing component 14. The top of the second heat-gathering component 32 is in contact with the bottom surface of the lithium battery component 13. Through the cooperation of the first heat-gathering component 31 and the second heat-gathering component 32, the heat of the lithium battery component 13 can be absorbed and concentrated, thereby enabling the dry water to expand thermally and circulate, and also enabling the vaporization of hydrofluoroolefins to generate high-pressure steam that is transmitted to the piston drive mechanism 4 for driving. Piston drive mechanism 4 is installed inside the front side of the right end of placement mechanism 1. The output end of piston drive mechanism 4 is connected to the input end of steam condenser. The drive end of piston drive mechanism 4 is connected to the input end of plunger pump mechanism 5. Piston drive mechanism 4 is driven by steam pressure to perform reciprocating motion, converting gas pressure energy into mechanical kinetic energy, and transmitting the reciprocating motion to plunger pump mechanism 5 to realize power transfer. Piston drive mechanism 4 includes: cylinder assembly 41, injection box 411, cylinder 412, output box 413, movable box 414, first sprocket 415, piston assembly 42, piston 421, connecting rod 422, eccentric wheel 423 and return spring 424; cylinder assembly 41 is installed inside the placement mechanism 1. The front end of the inner part of the first outer shell 16 in mechanism 1, the left end of the injection box 411 is connected to the middle output end of the first heat-gathering component 31 and the second heat-gathering component 32 in the heat-gathering mechanism 3. A cylinder 412 is provided at the rear end of the injection box 411. An output box 413 is provided at the rear end of the outer wall of the cylinder 412. The output end of the output box 413 is connected to a steam condenser through a pipe. A movable box 414 is provided at the rear end of the output box 413. A first sprocket 415 is rotatably connected to the top of the movable box 414. The input end of the cylinder assembly 41 is connected to the middle output end of the first heat-gathering component 31 and the second heat-gathering component 32 in the heat-gathering mechanism 3. The output end of the cylinder assembly 41 is connected to a steam condenser. Internally connected to component 1 is a piston assembly 42. The cylinder assembly 41 receives steam from the steam heating pipe 316 in the heat-gathering mechanism 3, thereby driving the piston assembly 42. The piston 421 is slidably connected inside the cylinder 412. Steam enters the injection box 411, causing steam to enter the cylinder 412 and push the piston 421. The rear end of the piston 421 is rotatably connected to the front end of a connecting rod 422. The rear end of the connecting rod 422 is rotatably connected between two sets of eccentric wheels 423. The top and bottom of the two sets of eccentric wheels 423 are rotatably connected to the interior of the movable box 414 via a shaft. The top of the upper eccentric wheel 423 is rotatably connected to a first sprocket 415. The reciprocating motion of piston 421 drives connecting rod 422 and two sets of eccentric wheels 423 to move, thereby causing the two sets of eccentric wheels 423 to rotate the first sprocket 415. The rear end of piston 421 is connected to one end of return spring 424, and the other end of return spring 424 is connected to the rear end of the inner wall of output box 413. When piston 421 is pushed to the rear end by steam, return spring 424 is compressed. When piston 421 moves to the left side of the output end of output box 413, steam is discharged through the output end of output box 413 into the interior of steam condenser. At this time, the steam in cylinder 412 decreases sharply, and under the action of return spring 424, piston 421 is driven to return to the front end. The plunger pump mechanism 5 is installed inside the rear side of the right end of the placement mechanism 1. The input end of the plunger pump mechanism 5 is connected to the output end of the dry water storage tank 6. When under high load, the plunger pump mechanism 5 forces the delivery of dry water to increase the circulation flow rate. The plunger pump mechanism 5 includes: a plunger pump 51, a first helical gear 52, a second helical gear 53, a shaft support 54, a second sprocket 55, and a chain 56. The plunger pump 51 is installed inside the rear end of the first outer casing 16. The output end of the plunger pump 51 is connected to the input end of the heat dissipation structure 2. The input end of the plunger pump 51 is connected to the output end of the dry water storage tank 6. The first helical gear 52 is fixedly installed on the drive end of the plunger pump 51. The top of the first helical gear 52 meshes with... The first housing 16 is equipped with a second helical gear 53 and a shaft bracket 54 installed inside the rear end of the housing 16. The bottom of the shaft bracket 54 is rotatably connected to the second helical gear 53 via a shaft, and the top of the shaft bracket 54 is connected to the second sprocket 55 via a shaft. The second sprocket 55 is internally connected to a chain 56, and the other end of the chain 56 is connected to the first sprocket 415 in the piston drive mechanism 4. The rotation of the first sprocket 415 drives the chain 56, thereby driving the second sprocket 55, the second helical gear 53 and the first helical gear 52 to rotate, which in turn drives the plunger pump 51 to drive. The plunger pump 51 drives the dry water to flow rapidly. The input end of the dry water storage tank 6 is connected to the output end of the dry water cooler. The dry water storage tank 6 is installed on the upper rear side of the right end inside the placement mechanism 1. The dry water storage tank 6 is used to store, stabilize, and replenish dry water. The dry water cooler is used to cool the thermally expanding dry water. The steam storage tank 7 is installed on the upper left side inside the placement mechanism 1, and the input end of the steam storage tank 7 is connected to the output end of the steam condenser.

[0019] In practical use, when the electric vehicle is under low load, idling or discharging at low power, the lithium battery component 13 generates little heat and its temperature is below the effective vaporization temperature of hydrofluoroolefins. At this time, only a trace amount of steam is generated in the steam heating pipe 316, which is insufficient to push the piston 421. The heat dissipation of the dry water mainly relies on the slow flow generated by its own thermal expansion. Specifically, the heat generated by the lithium battery component 13 is conducted to the heat-collecting plate 311 through the copper sheet 312 and accumulates in the heat-collecting cavity 313. At the same time, the dry water in the spiral pipe 211 of the heat dissipation structure 2 comes into contact with the surface of the lithium battery component 13 and absorbs heat. After being heated, the dry water undergoes a slight expansion in volume and a slight decrease in density. Under the combined action of the gravitational field and the inclined arrangement of the pipe, the heated and expanded dry water slowly flows upward and towards the output end along the spiral pipe 211. Meanwhile, the cooler dry water slowly replenishes the heat dissipation structure 2 from the dry water storage tank 6 through the first input pipe 217, forming an extremely slow natural circulation. The flow velocity is extremely low, and it is in a laminar flow state. The inner spiral groove 212 can disrupt the boundary layer and enhance the limited heat exchange effect. After flowing through the π-shaped pipe 216 and the second output pipe 218, the dry water enters the dry water heating box 315 of the heat-gathering mechanism 3, and is then sent to the external dry water cooler for cooling through the pipeline. Finally, it returns to the dry water storage tank 6 to complete the closed loop. During this process, the hydrofluoroolefin in the steam heating pipe 316 only vaporizes in a small amount due to insufficient temperature. The piston 421 remains stationary, and the plunger pump mechanism 5 does not work. During this process, there is no mechanical movement and no additional energy consumption. The slow natural flow is achieved by the volume expansion and density change of the dry water after heating, which maintains basic heat dissipation. When the tram is under high load, the temperature of the lithium battery component 13 rises, and the temperature in the heat-gathering cavity 313 reaches the stable vaporization temperature of the hydrofluoroolefin, generating intermittent high-pressure steam. Specifically, the temperature in the heat-gathering cavity 313 rises to above 80°C, and a large amount of hydrofluoroolefin in the steam heating pipe 316 vaporizes, generating a pressure of about 0.2~0.High-pressure steam at 3MPa enters cylinder 412 through injection box 411, pushing piston 421 backward and compressing return spring 424. Piston 421 drives two sets of eccentric wheels 423 to rotate via connecting rod 422. Upper eccentric wheel 423 drives first sprocket 415 to rotate. First sprocket 415 drives second sprocket 55, second helical gear 53, and first helical gear 52 via chain 56, thereby driving plunger pump 51 to work intermittently. Plunger pump 51 draws dry water from dry water storage tank 6, pressurizes it, and sends it to heat dissipation structure 2 through first input pipe 217. In heat dissipation structure 2, plunger pump 51... The output high-pressure dry water mixes with the originally slowly flowing dry water due to thermal expansion, forming turbulence under the guidance of the inner spiral groove 212, significantly enhancing heat exchange. At this time, the flow rate of the dry water increases significantly, enhancing heat dissipation capacity. When the piston 421 moves to the rear end, the exhaust steam in the cylinder 412 is discharged through the output box 413 to the external steam condenser, condenses into liquid, and flows back to the steam storage tank 7, then replenishes the steam heating pipe 316. The piston 421 returns to its original position under the action of the return spring 424, completing one working cycle. When the steam pressure is insufficient, the piston stops, and the plunger pump pauses. When the temperature rises again, the system automatically resumes operation.

[0020] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the disclosed embodiments can be combined with each other in any manner. The lack of an exhaustive description of these combinations in this specification is merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling, comprising: The placement mechanism, installed inside the tram, is characterized by: The placement mechanism is internally permeated with heat dissipation structures. The output of these structures connects to a heat-gathering mechanism, while the input connects to the output of a plunger pump mechanism. These heat dissipation structures act as a carrier for dry water circulation, dissipating heat throughout the battery cell. The heat-gathering mechanism is located at the upper and lower ends of the placement mechanism's interior. Its left-center input connects to the output of the heat dissipation structure, and its right-center output connects to the input of an external dry water cooler. The inputs on both sides of the left side of the heat-gathering mechanism connect to the output of a steam storage tank, and the outputs on both sides of the right side connect to the input of a piston drive mechanism. The heat-gathering mechanism receives waste heat from the dry water and the battery cell, heating the internal dry water and hydrofluoroolefin. This thermal expansion of the dry water causes it to circulate, generating high-pressure steam from the hydrofluoroolefin, which is then transmitted to the piston drive mechanism. The piston drive mechanism is installed inside the right side of the placement mechanism. On the front side, the output end of the piston drive mechanism is externally connected to the input end of the steam condenser. The drive end of the piston drive mechanism is connected to the input end of the plunger pump mechanism. The piston drive mechanism is driven by steam pressure to perform reciprocating motion, converting gas pressure energy into mechanical kinetic energy, and transmitting the reciprocating motion to the plunger pump mechanism to realize power transfer. The plunger pump mechanism is installed on the rear side inside the right end of the placement mechanism. The input end of the plunger pump mechanism is connected to the output end of the dry water storage tank. When the plunger pump mechanism is under high load, it forces the delivery of dry water to increase the circulation flow. The input end of the dry water storage tank is externally connected to the output end of the dry water cooler. The dry water storage tank is installed on the upper rear side of the right end inside the placement mechanism. The dry water storage tank is used to store, stabilize, and replenish dry water. The dry water cooler is used to cool the thermally expanding dry water. The steam storage tank is installed on the upper left side inside the placement mechanism. The input end of the steam storage tank is connected to the output end of the steam condenser.

2. The thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The placement mechanism includes: a placement housing; The housing contains an installation assembly, which contains several sets of lithium battery modules. A heat dissipation structure is also installed around the inside of the installation assembly. A lower housing assembly is installed at the bottom of the housing, and an upper housing assembly is installed at the top. Both the lower and upper housing assemblies contain heat dissipation structures, the end faces of which contact the top and bottom of the lithium battery modules. A first outer shell is detachably installed at the right end of the housing, containing a piston drive mechanism, a plunger pump mechanism, and a dry water storage tank. A second outer shell is detachably installed at the left end of the housing, containing a vapor storage tank.

3. The thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting components include: an external mounting plate; The outer mounting plate is installed around the inner wall of the housing. The inner mounting plate is installed and connected to the outer mounting plate through connecting columns. The lithium battery assembly is installed inside the inner mounting plate. Heat dissipation structures are installed alternately between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate. The lower housing assembly includes: a lower housing; The lower housing is installed at the bottom of the housing, and a cover plate is installed on the top of the housing. A heat dissipation structure is installed at the bottom of the cover plate, and mounting grooves are provided around the surface of the cover plate.

4. A thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat dissipation structure includes: a first heat dissipation component; The first heat dissipation component is installed at the upper end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate in the placement mechanism. The lower end of the first heat dissipation component is provided with a second heat dissipation component, which is installed at the lower end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate in the placement mechanism. The structure of the second heat dissipation component is the same as that of the first heat dissipation component. The input ends of the first heat dissipation component and the second heat dissipation component are connected to each other and connected to the output end of the plunger pump mechanism. The interior of the first heat dissipation component and the second heat dissipation component is filled with dry water.

5. A thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first heat dissipation component includes: a spiral pipe; The inner wall of the spiral pipe is provided with an inner spiral groove. A first one-way valve is installed on the inner end of the inner spiral groove. A first conical tube is provided on the left end of the first one-way valve, and a second conical tube is provided on the right end of the first one-way valve. A π-shaped tube is connected between the two sets of spiral pipes. The connecting pipes of the two sets of spiral pipes and the π-shaped tube are placed alternately at the upper end between the inner wall of the outer mounting plate and the outer wall of the inner mounting plate. The connecting pipes of the two sets of spiral pipes and the π-shaped tube are connected to each other. The input end of the connecting pipe of the two sets of spiral pipes and the π-shaped tube is connected to the first input pipe. The right end of the first input pipe is connected to the output end of the plunger pump mechanism. The output end of the connecting pipe of the two sets of spiral pipes and the π-shaped tube is connected to the second output pipe. The right end of the second output pipe is connected to the middle of the left end of the heat-gathering mechanism.

6. A thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat-concentrating mechanism includes: a first heat-concentrating component; The first thermal concentrator is installed inside the upper housing assembly in the placement mechanism. The bottom of the first thermal concentrator is in contact with the top of the lithium battery assembly in the placement mechanism. The outer interfaces at both ends of the first thermal concentrator are connected to the second thermal concentrator. The second thermal concentrator is installed inside the lower housing assembly. The top of the second thermal concentrator is in contact with the bottom surface of the lithium battery assembly.

7. A thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first heat-concentrating component includes: a heat-concentrating plate; The heat-collecting plate is installed inside the upper housing assembly. Several sets of copper sheets are set at the bottom of the heat-collecting plate, and the copper sheets are in contact with the top of the lithium battery assembly. A heat-collecting cavity is set at the upper part of the heat-collecting plate. A heating box is set at the top of the heat-collecting plate. A dry water heating box is installed in the middle of the heating box. The dry water heating box is located in the middle of the heat-collecting cavity. The left end of the dry water heating box is connected to the output end of the heat dissipation structure, and the right end of the dry water heating box is connected to the input end of the dry water cooler. The dry water heating box is filled with dry water. Steam heating pipes are installed at both ends of the heating box. The right output end of the steam heating pipe is connected to the input end of the piston drive mechanism. The steam heating pipes are located at both ends of the heat-collecting cavity. The steam heating pipes are filled with hydrofluoroolefin.

8. A thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 7, characterized in that, The piston drive mechanism includes: a cylinder assembly; The cylinder assembly is installed inside the front end of the first outer shell in the placement mechanism. The input end of the cylinder assembly is connected to the middle output end of the first and second heat-gathering components in the heat-gathering mechanism. The output end of the cylinder assembly is externally connected to a steam condenser. The cylinder assembly is internally connected to a piston assembly.

9. A thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cylinder assembly includes: an injection housing; The left end of the injection box is connected to the middle output end of the first and second heat-gathering components in the heat-gathering mechanism. A cylinder is provided at the rear end of the injection box, and an output box is provided at the rear end of the outer wall of the cylinder. The output end of the output box is connected to a steam condenser through a pipe. A movable box is provided at the rear end of the output box, and a first sprocket is rotatably connected to the top of the movable box. The piston assembly includes: a piston; The piston is slidably connected inside the cylinder. The rear end of the piston is rotatably connected to the front end of the connecting rod. The rear end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected between two sets of eccentric wheels. The top and bottom of the two sets of eccentric wheels are rotatably connected inside the movable box via a shaft. The top of the upper eccentric wheel is rotatably connected to the first sprocket. The rear end of the piston is connected to one end of the return spring. The other end of the return spring is connected to the rear end of the inner wall of the output box.

10. A thermal management system for a lithium battery based on dry water cooling according to claim 9, characterized in that, The plunger pump mechanism includes: a plunger pump and a shaft support; The plunger pump is installed inside the rear end of the first housing. The output end of the plunger pump is connected to the input end of the heat dissipation structure. The input end of the plunger pump is connected to the output end of the dry water storage tank. A first helical gear is fixedly installed on the drive end of the plunger pump. A second helical gear is meshed with the top of the first helical gear. The shaft bracket is installed inside the rear end of the first housing. The bottom of the shaft bracket is rotatably connected to the second helical gear through a shaft. The top of the shaft bracket is connected to the second sprocket through a shaft. The internal transmission of the second sprocket is connected to a chain. The other end of the chain is connected to the first sprocket in the piston drive mechanism.

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