Polar ship containerized power self-adapting temperature control system for extreme climates

Abstract

The application discloses a polar ship container type power supply self-adaptive temperature control system suitable for extreme climate, wherein a water cooling / water heating integrated pipeline is arranged around a battery module; a cabin steam boiler waste heat recovery device is directly communicated with the water cooling / water heating integrated pipeline through a closed pipeline; an environment temperature sensor is arranged on an outer wall of a container type power supply cabin, and a battery temperature sensor is attached to a surface of the battery module; and a programmable logic controller is electrically connected with all executing components and sensors.Compared with the prior art, the cabin steam boiler waste heat recovery device and the water cooling / water heating integrated pipeline are cooperated, and a self-adaptive monitoring control system is combined, so that the heating and cooling modes can be automatically switched according to the cabin outer environment temperature, and the cabin air conditioning system is used for temperature compensation, so that the container type power supply can be stably operated in the extreme climate environment from the polar region to the equator, and the environmental adaptability and energy utilization efficiency of the ship new energy system are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy power technology for ships, specifically to an adaptive temperature control system for containerized power supplies for polar ships in extreme climates. The system can utilize waste heat from the steam boiler in the ship's engine room to heat the batteries and automatically switch temperature control modes according to the ambient temperature, enabling the containerized power supply to operate stably in the entire climate range from the polar regions to the equator. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerated green transformation of the global shipping industry, containerized power systems based on lithium batteries have been widely used in various types of vessels, especially polar research vessels, icebreakers, and Arctic shipping vessels. However, extreme weather conditions pose a serious challenge to the performance and lifespan of lithium batteries.

[0003] In polar seas, winter temperatures can drop to below -40°C, causing battery capacity to decay rapidly, charging and discharging efficiency to decrease significantly, and potentially even leading to safety issues such as lithium dendrite growth. Currently, most containerized power supplies for polar vessels use electric heating, which is extremely energy-intensive and severely impacts the vessel's payload and range.

[0004] In equatorial and tropical waters, ambient temperatures can reach as high as +50°C, making it difficult to dissipate the heat generated during battery charging and discharging, which can easily lead to the risk of battery thermal runaway. Although traditional independent water cooling systems can meet the cooling requirements, they cannot automatically switch thermal management strategies based on ambient temperature and battery status, requiring manual intervention and resulting in a delayed response.

[0005] The utility model patent with publication number CN223772383U discloses a containerized liquid cooling system that uses multiple liquid cooling cabinets and multiple heat exchange units, but it does not involve heating functions in low-temperature environments and cannot be applied to polar ships.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a containerized power temperature control system that can simultaneously meet the needs of polar low-temperature heating and tropical high-temperature cooling, and has high energy utilization efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a polar ship containerized power adaptive temperature control system suitable for extreme climates. By recovering the waste heat of the ship's engine room steam boiler to heat the battery, and combining water-cooled / water-heat integrated pipelines with an adaptive control system, it can achieve precise temperature control across the entire climate range, significantly improving the system's energy utilization efficiency and environmental adaptability.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: An adaptive temperature control system for containerized power supplies on polar vessels, suitable for extreme climates, includes a containerized power supply hull, battery modules, integrated water-cooled / water-heated piping, a waste heat recovery device for an engine room steam boiler, a cabin air conditioning system, an ambient temperature sensor, a battery temperature sensor, and a programmable logic controller. The integrated water-cooled / water-heated piping is arranged in a serpentine manner on the surface of the battery modules and in the gaps between the modules. The waste heat recovery device for the engine room steam boiler is installed inside the ship's engine room, and its outlet is connected to the integrated water-cooled / water-heated piping. The inlet is directly connected, and the outlet of the integrated water-cooled / water-heating pipeline is directly connected to the return water port of the waste heat recovery device of the engine room steam boiler, forming an independent closed-loop circulation loop; the cabin air conditioning system is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the containerized power compartment; the ambient temperature sensor is set on the outer wall of the containerized power compartment; the battery temperature sensor is evenly attached to the individual surface of the battery module and the module busbar; the programmable logic controller is electrically connected to the ambient temperature sensor, the battery temperature sensor, the engine room steam boiler waste heat recovery device, and the cabin air conditioning system respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, the integrated water-cooled / water-heated pipeline is made of 316L stainless steel that is resistant to extreme cold and extreme heat, and the inside of the pipeline is filled with a heat-conducting medium.

[0010] Furthermore, the spacing between the water-cooled / water-heated integrated pipelines is 100mm to ensure that heat is evenly transferred to each battery cell; the internal thermal conductive medium of the pipelines is an ethylene glycol-water antifreeze thermal conductive medium with a volume ratio of 1:1, which has a freezing point of -55℃ and a boiling point of 125℃.

[0011] Furthermore, the waste heat recovery device of the engine room steam boiler integrates a built-in circulating pump and a waste heat exchanger. The primary side of the waste heat exchanger is directly connected to the main steam pipeline of the ship's engine room, and the secondary side is connected to a closed-loop circulation loop of a water-cooled / water-heat integrated pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, the cabin air conditioning system is an integrated heating and cooling inverter unit, which is fixedly installed at the top center of the inner wall of the containerized power compartment, with the air outlet facing downwards toward the battery module, and has automatic defrosting and humidity control functions.

[0013] Furthermore, both the ambient temperature sensor and the battery temperature sensor have built-in wireless transmission modules, and the programmable logic controller has a built-in corresponding wireless receiving module.

[0014] Furthermore, the ambient temperature sensor is a platinum resistance temperature sensor, which is fixedly installed on the north side of the outer wall of the containerized power compartment by a bracket. The measurement range is -60℃ to +70℃, and the accuracy is ±0.1℃.

[0015] Furthermore, the battery temperature sensor is a platinum resistance temperature sensor of the same model as the ambient temperature sensor, which is evenly distributed on the surface of the individual cells and the busbar of multiple battery modules, with 4 monitoring points set for each battery module.

[0016] Furthermore, the programmable logic controller is installed in the control cabinet of the containerized power compartment; the programmable logic controller has a built-in multi-condition adaptive control algorithm, which automatically switches the system's heating mode, cooling mode and standby mode according to real-time data of ambient temperature and battery temperature, and steplessly adjusts the output power of the cabin steam boiler waste heat recovery device and the operating parameters of the cabin air conditioning system.

[0017] Furthermore, the control logic of the programmable logic controller includes: (1) Collect ambient temperature and all battery temperature data every 10 seconds, and calculate the average battery temperature and the highest temperature; (2) When the battery temperature exceeds 40°C, the system will issue an audible and visual alarm and force the cabin air conditioning system to start full power cooling mode, while reducing the battery charging and discharging power. (3) When the battery temperature is below -10℃, the system will issue an audible and visual alarm and force the full-power heating mode of the waste heat recovery device of the engine room steam boiler to be started, while prohibiting the battery from charging and discharging. (4) When the engine room steam boiler malfunctions or the waste heat recovery system fails to work properly, the system will automatically start the engine room. The full-power heating mode of the indoor air conditioning system ensures that the battery temperature is not lower than 10℃.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) High energy efficiency: The waste heat of the steam boiler in the ship's engine room is fully recovered to provide heating for the battery, replacing the traditional electric heating method, which significantly improves the ship's energy efficiency and endurance.

[0019] (2) Strong environmental adaptability: Through the synergistic effect of water-cooled / water-heated integrated pipeline and adaptive control system, the heating and cooling modes can be automatically switched, enabling the containerized power supply to operate stably in extreme climate environments from -40℃ to +50℃, suitable for navigation in all sea areas from the polar regions to the equator.

[0020] (3) Precise temperature control: By adopting a multi-point temperature monitoring and closed-loop control strategy, the battery operating temperature can be stabilized in the optimal range of 20℃±5℃, which effectively extends the battery life and reduces safety risks.

[0021] (4) High system reliability: The system adopts a closed-loop circulation system and high and low temperature resistant materials, combined with the redundant design of the cabin air conditioning system, to ensure that the system can still operate normally when a single component fails, thus meeting the high reliability requirements of polar ships.

[0022] (5) Easy installation and maintenance: The use of wireless sensors and modular design simplifies the system wiring and installation process and reduces maintenance costs.

[0023] In summary, this invention solves the technical problem that existing containerized power systems cannot simultaneously meet the needs of polar low-temperature heating and tropical high-temperature cooling by innovatively combining waste heat recovery from engine room steam boilers with water-cooling / water-heating integration technology, and has significant economic benefits and application value. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system of the present invention; Reference numerals: 1-Containerized power supply compartment, 2-Battery module, 3-Water-cooled / water-heated integrated piping, 4-Waste heat recovery device for engine room steam boiler, 5-Compartment air conditioning system, 6-Ambient temperature sensor, 7-Battery temperature sensor, 8-Programmable logic controller. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the polar ship containerized power adaptive temperature control system suitable for extreme climates provided in this embodiment consists of only the following 8 components: containerized power compartment 1, battery module 2, water-cooled / water-heat integrated pipeline 3, engine room steam boiler waste heat recovery device 4, cabin air conditioning system 5, ambient temperature sensor 6, battery temperature sensor 7, and programmable logic controller 8.

[0027] The containerized power compartment 1 is converted from a standard 20-foot shipping container. It has multiple layers of battery racks inside, and six lithium iron phosphate battery modules 2 are fixed to the battery racks with bolts.

[0028] The integrated water-cooled / water-heated piping 3 uses Φ20mm 316L stainless steel seamless tubing, arranged in a serpentine pattern around the upper and lower surfaces of each battery module 2 and in the gaps between modules, with a pipe spacing of 100mm to ensure uniform heat transfer to each battery cell. The inside of the piping is filled with a 1:1 volume ratio of ethylene glycol-water antifreeze heat-conducting medium, with a freezing point of -55℃ and a boiling point of 125℃.

[0029] The engine room steam boiler waste heat recovery device 4 is installed inside the ship's engine room and integrates a built-in variable frequency circulating pump and a shell-and-tube waste heat exchanger. The primary side inlet of the waste heat exchanger is directly connected to the main steam pipeline of the ship's engine room, and the primary side outlet is connected to the ship's condensate system; the secondary side outlet of the waste heat exchanger is directly connected to the inlet of the water-cooled / water-heat integrated pipeline 3, and the secondary side inlet is directly connected to the outlet of the water-cooled / water-heat integrated pipeline 3, forming an independent closed-loop circulation circuit. The flow rate adjustment range of the built-in variable frequency circulating pump is 5-20 m³ / h.

[0030] The cabin air conditioning system 5 is an integrated heating and cooling inverter air conditioning unit, which is bolted to the top center of the inner wall of the containerized power compartment 1, with the air outlet facing downwards towards the battery module 2. The air conditioning unit has a heating capacity of 25kW and a cooling capacity of 18kW, and features automatic defrosting and humidity control functions.

[0031] The ambient temperature sensor 6 uses a PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensor, which is fixedly installed on the north side (shaded side) of the outer wall of the containerized power compartment 1 via a bracket. The measurement range is -60℃ to +70℃, and the accuracy is ±0.1℃. The sensor has a built-in 2.4GHz industrial wireless transmission module.

[0032] A total of 24 battery temperature sensors 7 are installed, using the same PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensors as the ambient temperature sensors 6. They are evenly distributed on the surface of the individual cells and the busbars of the six battery modules, with four monitoring points in each module. All battery temperature sensors 7 have a built-in 2.4GHz industrial wireless transmission module.

[0033] The programmable logic controller (PLC) 8 is installed in the control cabinet of the containerized power compartment 1. The PLC has a built-in 2.4GHz industrial wireless receiver module, which can simultaneously receive data from 24 battery temperature sensors 7 and 1 ambient temperature sensor 6. The PLC has a built-in multi-condition adaptive control algorithm, which can automatically control the operation of the cabin steam boiler waste heat recovery device 4 and the cabin air conditioning system 5 based on the collected temperature data.

[0034] The working principle and process of this embodiment are explained as follows: This system has three working modes: heating mode, cooling mode and standby mode. The programmable logic controller 8 automatically switches the working mode based on the real-time data collected by the ambient temperature sensor 6 and the battery temperature sensor 7.

[0035] I. Heating Mode When the ambient temperature sensor 6 detects that the ambient temperature is below 0°C and the battery temperature sensor 7 detects that the average battery temperature is below 15°C, the system automatically enters the heating mode.

[0036] The programmable logic controller 8 issues control commands: start the built-in circulating pump of the waste heat recovery device 4 of the steam boiler in the engine room, adjust the steam intake of the waste heat exchanger, and maintain the secondary side outlet water temperature at 30℃±2℃.

[0037] Steam generated by the cabin steam boiler enters the primary side of the waste heat exchanger, transferring heat to the antifreeze heat transfer medium on the secondary side. The heated heat transfer medium, under the action of a circulating pump, enters the water-cooled / water-heat integrated pipeline 3, where it exchanges heat with the battery module 2 to heat the battery. The heat-exchanged heat transfer medium returns to the waste heat exchanger, completing a closed-loop cycle.

[0038] When the average battery temperature rises to 20°C, the programmable logic controller 8 adjusts the steam intake of the waste heat exchanger to reduce the outlet water temperature to 25°C, thus maintaining the battery temperature within the optimal operating range.

[0039] When the ambient temperature is below -20℃, and the waste heat recovery system alone cannot meet the heating demand, the programmable logic controller 8 automatically starts the heating mode of the cabin air conditioning system 5 to provide auxiliary heating and ensure that the battery temperature is not lower than 15℃.

[0040] II. Cooling Mode When the ambient temperature sensor 6 detects that the ambient temperature is higher than 25°C and the battery temperature sensor 7 detects that the average battery temperature is higher than 30°C, the system automatically enters the cooling mode.

[0041] The programmable logic controller 8 issues a control command: closes the steam inlet valve of the waste heat recovery device 4 of the steam boiler in the engine room, and starts the built-in circulating pump at the lowest speed, so that the heat transfer medium circulates at a low speed in the water-cooled / water-heat integrated pipeline 3, and dissipates heat through natural convection between the pipeline and the external environment.

[0042] When the average battery temperature rises to 35°C, the programmable logic controller 8 automatically starts the cooling mode of the cabin air conditioning system 5 to reduce the ambient temperature inside the containerized power compartment 1 and assist in battery heat dissipation.

[0043] The programmable logic controller 8 adjusts the cooling power of the cabin air conditioning system 5 in real time according to the battery temperature, and controls the average battery temperature at 25℃±2℃.

[0044] III. Standby Mode When the ambient temperature is between 0°C and 25°C and the average battery temperature is between 15°C and 30°C, the system automatically enters standby mode.

[0045] The programmable logic controller 8 issues a control command: shut down the cabin steam boiler waste heat recovery device 4 and the cabin air conditioning system 5, and the system stops operating to save energy.

[0046] When the battery temperature exceeds the range of 15°C to 30°C, the system automatically switches to the corresponding heating or cooling mode.

[0047] In this embodiment, the control logic of the programmable logic controller 8 is as follows: (1) Collect ambient temperature and all battery temperature data every 10 seconds, and calculate the average battery temperature and the highest temperature.

[0048] (2) When the battery temperature exceeds 40°C, the system will issue an audible and visual alarm and force the cabin air conditioning system 5 to start full power cooling mode, while reducing the battery charging and discharging power.

[0049] (3) When the battery temperature is below -10℃, the system will issue an audible and visual alarm and force the full power heating mode of the cabin steam boiler waste heat recovery device 4 to be started, while prohibiting the battery from charging and discharging.

[0050] (4) When the cabin steam boiler fails or the waste heat recovery system cannot work properly, the system automatically starts the full power heating mode of the cabin air conditioning system 5 to ensure that the battery temperature is not lower than 10°C.

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A polar ship containerized power supply adaptive temperature control system suitable for extreme climates, characterized in that, The system includes a containerized power compartment, battery modules, water-cooled / water-heated integrated piping, an engine room steam boiler waste heat recovery device, a cabin air conditioning system, an ambient temperature sensor, a battery temperature sensor, and a programmable logic controller (PLC). The water-cooled / water-heated integrated piping is arranged in a serpentine manner on the surface of the battery modules and in the gaps between the modules. The engine room steam boiler waste heat recovery device is installed inside the ship's engine room. The outlet of the engine room steam boiler waste heat recovery device is directly connected to the inlet of the water-cooled / water-heated integrated piping, and the outlet of the water-cooled / water-heated integrated piping is directly connected to the return outlet of the engine room steam boiler waste heat recovery device, forming an independent closed-loop circulation circuit. The cabin air conditioning system is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the containerized power compartment. The ambient temperature sensor is located on the outer wall of the containerized power compartment. The battery temperature sensor is evenly attached to the individual surface of the battery module and at the module manifold. The PLC is electrically connected to the ambient temperature sensor, the battery temperature sensor, the engine room steam boiler waste heat recovery device, and the cabin air conditioning system.

2. The polar ship containerized power adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated water-cooled / water-heated pipeline is made of 316L stainless steel that is resistant to extreme cold and extreme heat, and the inside of the pipeline is filled with a heat-conducting medium.

3. The polar ship containerized power supply adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water-cooled / water-heated integrated pipeline has a pipeline spacing of 100mm to ensure that heat is evenly transferred to each battery cell; the internal thermal conductive medium of the pipeline is ethylene glycol-water antifreeze thermal conductive medium with a volume ratio of 1:1, which has a freezing point of -55℃ and a boiling point of 125℃.

4. The polar ship containerized power adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery device of the engine room steam boiler integrates a built-in circulating pump and a waste heat exchanger. The primary side of the waste heat exchanger is directly connected to the main steam pipeline of the ship's engine room, and the secondary side is connected to a closed-loop circulation loop of a water-cooled / water-heat integrated pipeline.

5. The polar ship containerized power adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabin air conditioning system is an integrated heating and cooling inverter unit, which is fixedly installed at the top center of the inner wall of the containerized power compartment, with the air outlet facing downwards toward the battery module, and has automatic defrosting and humidity control functions.

6. The polar ship containerized power adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the ambient temperature sensor and the battery temperature sensor have built-in wireless transmission modules, and the programmable logic controller has a built-in corresponding wireless receiving module.

7. The polar ship containerized power adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ambient temperature sensor is a platinum resistance temperature sensor, which is fixedly installed on the north side of the outer wall of the containerized power compartment by a bracket. The measurement range is -60℃ to +70℃, and the accuracy is ±0.1℃.

8. The polar ship containerized power supply adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery temperature sensor uses the same model of platinum resistance temperature sensor as the ambient temperature sensor. It is evenly distributed on the surface of the individual cells and the busbar of multiple battery modules, with 4 monitoring points set for each battery module.

9. The polar ship containerized power supply adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The programmable logic controller (PLC) is installed in the control cabinet of the containerized power compartment. The PLC has a built-in multi-condition adaptive control algorithm, which automatically switches the system's heating mode, cooling mode and standby mode based on real-time data of ambient temperature and battery temperature, and steplessly adjusts the output power of the cabin steam boiler waste heat recovery device and the operating parameters of the cabin air conditioning system.

10. The polar ship containerized power supply adaptive temperature control system for extreme climates according to claim 9, characterized in that, The control logic of the programmable logic controller includes: (1) Collect ambient temperature and all battery temperature data every 10 seconds, and calculate the average battery temperature and the highest temperature; (2) When the battery temperature exceeds 40°C, the system will issue an audible and visual alarm and force the cabin air conditioning system to start full power cooling mode, while reducing the battery charging and discharging power. (3) When the battery temperature is below -10℃, the system will issue an audible and visual alarm and force the full-power heating mode of the waste heat recovery device of the engine room steam boiler to be started, while prohibiting the battery from charging and discharging. (4) When the engine room steam boiler malfunctions or the waste heat recovery system fails to work properly, the system will automatically start the engine room. The full-power heating mode of the indoor air conditioning system ensures that the battery temperature is not lower than 10℃.

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