A broadband patch-type circulator

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of radio frequency microwave passive device, especially to a wideband patch circulator, comprising a circulator main body, and a patch impedance assembly fixedly connected to the side surface of the circulator main body; the present application adopts a three-stage stepped impedance matching channel to realize wide-band impedance smooth transition, greatly expand the device working bandwidth, and has low full-band insertion loss and excellent port isolation; the six sets of equiangular symmetric coupling insertion teeth uniformly couple electromagnetic field, the resonance area field distribution is uniform, the standing wave performance is stable, the high and low frequency indicators have no obvious degradation, the parallel heat dissipation guide grooves are additionally arranged on the substrate and the auxiliary substrate positioning grooves are additionally arranged, which accelerate the heat dissipation of the ferrite ceramic ring, and at the same time, the auxiliary electromagnetic field coupling is used to suppress temperature drift under high-power working condition, and the long-term working electrical indicators are stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radio frequency microwave passive device technology, specifically a broadband patch circulator. Background Technology

[0002] A circulator is a multi-port device that enables unidirectional circular transmission of electromagnetic waves in a specific direction. Its working principle is based on the anisotropic properties of ferrite materials under magnetic field bias, making it an indispensable core component in microwave communication and radar systems. Existing microwave circulators mainly include waveguide, coaxial, stripline, and microstrip structures. Among them, the microstrip three-terminal circulator is the most widely used due to its simple structure and ease of integration. Circulators are core passive devices in radio frequency communication systems, relying on the ferrite gyromagnetic effect to achieve unidirectional transmission of radio frequency signals and port isolation, and are widely used in scenarios such as transceiver channel isolation and power protection.

[0003] Existing surface mount circulators have a single matching circuit level, using only a single-stage impedance transition. They have a narrow operating bandwidth, which cannot cover the needs of multi-band communication. The central resonant region has a simple structure, poor electromagnetic field coupling uniformity, deterioration of high and low frequency standing waves, and rapid degradation of isolation and insertion loss indicators with frequency shift. The stability of the mating of the surface mount impedance components with the circulator body is insufficient, and assembly tolerances can easily disrupt impedance matching. Mass production consistency is poor. Therefore, a broadband surface mount circulator is needed to improve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of existing surface-mount circulators, such as their single-level matching circuit (using only a single-stage impedance transition), narrow operating bandwidth (failing to cover multi-band communication requirements), simple central resonant region structure, poor electromagnetic field coupling uniformity, deterioration of high and low frequency standing waves, rapid degradation of isolation and insertion loss with frequency shift, insufficient stability of the mating fit between the surface-mount impedance components and the circulator body, easy disruption of impedance matching due to assembly tolerances, and poor consistency in mass production, this invention aims to provide a broadband surface-mount circulator to solve the problems mentioned in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A broadband patch circulator includes a circulator body, and a patch impedance assembly is fixedly connected to the side of the circulator body. The circulator body includes a central resonant circuit region, in which a ferrite gyromagnetic high dielectric ceramic ring is coaxially fixed. Multiple substrate positioning slots are formed around the central resonant circuit region on the surface of the circulator body. Multiple sets of coupling insertion teeth are evenly arranged circumferentially around the central resonant circuit region on the surface of the circulator body. Multiple parallel heat dissipation and flow guiding slots are formed parallel to each other on the surface of the circulator body. The patch impedance assembly includes a patch body with a positioning mounting hole at the center. The patch body has three stepped matching conductive arms extending outward integrally. The three stepped matching conductive arms are, from the outside to the inside, a third-level impedance matching circuit channel, a second-level impedance matching circuit channel, and a first-level impedance matching circuit channel.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circulator body is a regular hexagonal dielectric substrate, and six sets of coupling insertion teeth are provided.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rectangular snap-fit ​​groove is provided on the inner side of the coupling plug tooth, and a plug-in protrusion is provided at the end of the primary impedance matching circuit channel.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the parallel heat dissipation channel is arranged in parallel and equidistantly between the central resonant circuit region and the coupling insertion teeth.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conductive widths of the three-stage impedance matching circuit channel, the two-stage impedance matching circuit channel, and the one-stage impedance matching circuit channel decrease progressively, the width of the three-stage impedance matching circuit channel is greater than that of the two-stage impedance matching circuit channel, and the width of the two-stage impedance matching circuit channel is greater than that of the one-stage impedance matching circuit channel.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ferrite gyromagnetic high dielectric ceramic ring is an integrally sintered yttrium iron garnet component.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the patch body, the three-level impedance matching circuit channel, the two-level impedance matching circuit channel, and the one-level impedance matching circuit channel are an integrated etched copper foil structure.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the end of the primary impedance matching circuit channel is fitted with the coupling plug tooth.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, a three-stage stepped gradually varying impedance matching channel is adopted to achieve a smooth impedance transition over a wide frequency band, greatly expanding the operating bandwidth of the device, resulting in low insertion loss and excellent port isolation across the entire frequency band. The hexagonal six sets of symmetrically coupled insertion teeth at equal angles uniformly couple the electromagnetic field, ensuring uniform field distribution in the resonant region, stable standing wave performance, and no significant degradation in high and low frequency performance.

[0014] 2. In this invention, the substrate is provided with parallel heat dissipation channel grooves and auxiliary substrate positioning slots to accelerate the heat dissipation of the ferrite ceramic ring. At the same time, it assists in electromagnetic field coupling, suppresses temperature drift under high power conditions, and ensures stable electrical performance during long-term operation. The surface mount impedance components and coupling plug teeth adopt an interference fit structure, which ensures precise assembly and positioning, eliminates the damage to electrical matching performance caused by welding tolerances, and ensures high consistency of batch products. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single patch impedance assembly in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the circulator of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure from the bottom view of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Circulator body; 101. Central resonant circuit area; 102. Substrate positioning slot; 103. Ferrite gyromagnetic high-dielectric ceramic ring; 104. Coupling insertion teeth; 105. Parallel heat dissipation channel; 2. Surface mount impedance assembly; 201. Surface mount body; 202. Positioning mounting hole; 203. Three-stage impedance matching circuit channel; 204. Two-stage impedance matching circuit channel; 205. One-stage impedance matching circuit channel. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] For examples, please refer to Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a technical solution: A broadband patch circulator includes a circulator body 1, and a patch impedance assembly 2 is fixedly connected to the side of the circulator body 1.

[0019] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the circulator body 1 includes a central resonant circuit region 101, within which a ferrite gyromagnetic high-dielectric ceramic ring 103 is coaxially fixed. Multiple substrate positioning slots 102 are formed around the central resonant circuit region 101 on the surface of the circulator body 1. Multiple sets of coupling insertion teeth 104 are evenly arranged circumferentially around the central resonant circuit region 101 on the surface of the circulator body 1. Multiple parallel heat dissipation channeling slots 105 are formed parallel to each other on the surface of the circulator body 1. The surface mount impedance assembly 2 includes a surface mount body 201, with a positioning mounting hole 202 at its center. The patch body 201 extends outward with three stepped matching conductive arms. From the outside to the inside, the three stepped matching conductive arms are the third-level impedance matching circuit channel 203, the second-level impedance matching circuit channel 204, and the first-level impedance matching circuit channel 205. The three-level stepped gradual impedance matching channels achieve a smooth impedance transition over a wide frequency range, greatly expanding the device's operating bandwidth, resulting in low insertion loss and excellent port isolation across the entire frequency range. The six sets of hexagonal symmetrical coupling teeth 104 uniformly couple the electromagnetic field, resulting in a uniform field distribution in the resonant region, stable standing wave performance, and no significant degradation in high and low frequency performance.

[0020] The circulator body 1 is a regular hexagonal dielectric substrate. Six sets of coupling teeth 104 are provided, with rectangular snap-fit ​​grooves on the inner side of each tooth. A plug-in protrusion is provided at the end of the first-stage impedance matching circuit channel 205. Parallel heat dissipation channels 105 are arranged parallel and equidistantly between the central resonant circuit region 101 and the coupling teeth 104. The conductivity widths of the third-stage impedance matching circuit channel 203, the second-stage impedance matching circuit channel 204, and the first-stage impedance matching circuit channel 205 decrease progressively. The third-stage impedance matching circuit channel 205... The width of the secondary impedance matching circuit channel 204 is greater than that of the primary impedance matching circuit channel 205. The substrate is equipped with parallel heat dissipation channel 105 and auxiliary substrate positioning slot 102 to accelerate the heat dissipation of the ferrite ceramic ring, while assisting electromagnetic field coupling, suppressing temperature drift under high power conditions, and ensuring stable electrical performance during long-term operation. The surface mount impedance component and coupling plug 104 adopt an interference fit structure, which ensures precise assembly and positioning, eliminates the damage to electrical matching performance caused by welding tolerances, and ensures high consistency of batch products.

[0021] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the ferrite gyromagnetic high-dielectric ceramic ring 103 is an integral sintered yttrium iron garnet component. The chip body 201, the three-level impedance matching circuit channel 203, the two-level impedance matching circuit channel 204, and the one-level impedance matching circuit channel 205 are integral etched copper foil structures. The end of the one-level impedance matching circuit channel 205 is inserted and bonded to the coupling plug tooth 104. The integral etched chip impedance component 2 has a simple structure and fewer processing steps. The chip body 201 has reserved standard mounting holes, which are suitable for SMT automated soldering and compatible with miniaturized RF module integration.

[0022] The workflow of this invention is as follows: When a broadband patch circulator designed using this scheme is in operation, a circular central resonant circuit region 101 is formed by hollowing out the center of the circulator body 1. A ring-shaped ferrite gyromagnetic high-dielectric ceramic ring 103 is tightly embedded in the region. The ceramic ring is made of yttrium iron garnet material with a dielectric constant of 14 and a saturation magnetization of 2000 Gs. Six substrate positioning slots 102 are opened at an angle on the surface of the circulator body 1 for assembly alignment and electromagnetic field auxiliary coupling. Six sets of coupling insertion teeth 104 are integrally formed on the edge of the body. The six sets of coupling insertion teeth 104 are evenly distributed along a hexagon at 60°. A rectangular snap-fit ​​groove is opened on the inner side of each coupling insertion tooth 104. Five parallel heat dissipation guide grooves 105 are opened on the substrate of the circulator body 1. The groove depth is 2 / 3 of the substrate thickness and they are laterally connected between the resonant region and the coupling insertion teeth 104 to quickly dissipate the heat generated by the ferrite operation. The single-unit surface mount impedance assembly 2 is integrally etched and formed. The square surface mount body 201 has a circular positioning mounting hole 202 in the center for SMT placement positioning and PCB locking. The surface mount body 201 extends outward with three stepped conductive arms. The outer wide section is a three-level impedance matching circuit channel 203, the middle section is narrower than the three-level channel and is a two-level impedance matching circuit channel 204, and the innermost narrow section is a one-level impedance matching circuit channel 205. The end of the one-level channel has an integrally formed rectangular insertion bump. The bump is inserted into the groove of the coupling insertion tooth 104 to achieve conductive bonding.

[0023] All standard parts used in this application can be purchased from the market. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art and are also general components, which are common knowledge in this field.

[0024] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A broadband patch circulator, comprising a circulator body (1), characterized in that: A patch impedance assembly (2) is fixedly connected to the side of the circulator body (1). The circulator body (1) includes a central resonant circuit region (101), in which a ferrite gyromagnetic high dielectric ceramic ring (103) is coaxially fixed. The circulator body (1) has multiple substrate positioning slots (102) around the central resonant circuit region (101). The circulator body (1) has multiple sets of coupling plug teeth (104) evenly arranged circumferentially around the central resonant circuit region (101). The circulator body (1) has multiple parallel heat dissipation guide slots (105) parallel to each other. The patch impedance assembly (2) includes a patch body (201), a positioning mounting hole (202) is provided in the center of the patch body (201), and three stepped matching conductive arms extend outward integrally from the patch body (201). The three stepped matching conductive arms are, from the outside to the inside, a third-level impedance matching circuit channel (203), a second-level impedance matching circuit channel (204), and a first-level impedance matching circuit channel (205).

2. The broadband patch circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulator body (1) is a regular hexagonal dielectric substrate, and the coupling plug teeth (104) are arranged in six sets.

3. A broadband patch circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rectangular snap-fit ​​groove is provided on the inner side of the coupling plug tooth (104), and a plug-in protrusion is provided at the end of the primary impedance matching circuit channel (205).

4. A broadband patch circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parallel heat dissipation channel (105) is arranged in parallel and equidistantly between the central resonant circuit region (101) and the coupling plug tooth (104).

5. A broadband patch circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive widths of the three-stage impedance matching circuit channel (203), the two-stage impedance matching circuit channel (204), and the first-stage impedance matching circuit channel (205) decrease progressively. The width of the three-stage impedance matching circuit channel (203) is greater than that of the two-stage impedance matching circuit channel (204), and the width of the two-stage impedance matching circuit channel (204) is greater than that of the first-stage impedance matching circuit channel (205).

6. A broadband patch circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ferrite gyromagnetic high dielectric ceramic ring (103) is an integral sintered yttrium iron garnet.

7. A broadband patch circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The patch body (201), the three-level impedance matching circuit channel (203), the two-level impedance matching circuit channel (204), and the one-level impedance matching circuit channel (205) are an integrated etched copper foil structure.

8. A broadband patch circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the primary impedance matching circuit channel (205) is inserted and fitted with the coupling plug (104).

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