Low-voltage switch cabinet with intelligent heat dissipation function

Abstract

The application discloses a low-voltage switch cabinet with an intelligent heat dissipation function, which comprises a cabinet body, an air inlet and an air outlet pipe are arranged on the cabinet body, an aluminum plate and a heat dissipation mechanism are arranged on the cabinet body, the heat dissipation mechanism comprises a ventilation pipe, a bearing seat is arranged on the ventilation pipe, a rotating rod is arranged on the bearing seat, a wind deflector is connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod, and a driving mechanism is arranged at one end of the rotating rod. The temperature sensor is used for collecting the temperature in real time, the driving mechanism is controlled by a linkage control system, the driving mechanism converts linear motion into rotary motion stably, and the wind deflector is swung flexibly; the control system can dynamically adjust the opening degrees of the two air outlets according to the temperature measurement results: when the temperature of a unilateral area is high, the concentrated cold air is delivered to the hot spot area in a directional manner; when the temperatures of both sides are synchronously increased, the air volume is evenly distributed; energy waste caused by ineffective drifting of the cold air is avoided, the cold energy utilization rate is improved, the local hotspot temperature is rapidly reduced, and the electrical components are effectively prevented from being damaged due to overheating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of switchgear technology for power distribution or power supply, and more particularly to a low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function. Background Technology

[0002] Low-voltage switchgear is a key power distribution device in power supply and distribution systems. It is mainly used to perform switching, overload protection, and short-circuit protection of low-voltage circuits. The cabinet contains various electrical components such as low-voltage switches and terminals. These components continuously generate heat during long-term operation. If the heat inside the cabinet cannot be dissipated in time, the temperature of the components can easily become too high, leading to faults such as insulation aging, poor contact, and short-circuit burnout, affecting the operational stability of the entire power distribution line.

[0003] Most existing low-voltage switchgear uses fixed fans and ordinary heat sinks for uniform airflow and cooling. The airflow from the cooling duct is fixed and cannot adaptively adjust the airflow ratio according to the actual heat generation inside the cabinet. Furthermore, the heat distribution of components inside low-voltage switchgear is uneven, with areas such as the main switch terminals generating significantly more heat than other areas. Under a uniform airflow mode, a large amount of cold air is delivered to low-temperature areas, resulting in wasted cooling capacity and increased energy consumption. Simultaneously, high-heat areas cannot receive concentrated cooling, leading to inadequate localized heat dissipation. Prolonged high-temperature operation significantly shortens the lifespan of electrical components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function includes a cabinet with an air inlet and an air outlet. The cabinet also includes an aluminum plate and a heat dissipation mechanism. The heat dissipation mechanism includes a graphene heat-conducting plate with ventilation slots and a temperature sensor. A ventilation pipe is connected to the bottom of the graphene heat-conducting plate, and a first and second air outlet are located at the ends of the ventilation pipe. A bearing seat is also provided on the ventilation pipe, and a rotating rod is mounted on the bearing seat. A guide plate is connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod, and a driving mechanism is located at one end of the rotating rod. A heat-conducting copper pipe is positioned between the aluminum plate and the graphene heat-conducting plate. A Peltier effector is provided on the inner wall of the ventilation pipe. A housing is connected to the ventilation pipe, and the housing has a pre-reserved slot for connecting to the ventilation pipe. An installation port is provided on the housing, and a second cooling fan is installed at the installation port. Sunflower-shaped heat sinks are provided on the ventilation slots. The graphene heat-conducting plate has multiple ventilation slots, and sunflower-shaped heat sinks are mounted on the top of the slots. The sunflower-shaped heat sink boasts a 360° surround air intake structure, allowing for full contact between the airflow inside the cabinet and the heat sink as it passes through the ventilation slots, thus completing a passive heat exchange in advance. Simultaneously, a temperature sensor mounted on the graphene heat-conducting plate collects real-time temperature data and transmits the signal to an external control system, serving as the basis for starting, stopping, and adjusting the entire active cooling mechanism. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature exceeds the system's preset safety threshold, the control system determines that the temperature rise inside the cabinet is excessive and officially activates the active cooling air supply mechanism: ambient air enters from the air inlet of the cabinet, and the second filter at the air inlet filters the air, blocking dust, debris, and other impurities from entering the cabinet, ensuring the air duct is clean; the second cooling fan operates, continuously forcing the filtered air into the ventilation duct through the mounting port and reserved slot on the casing; the Peltier effect device installed on the inner wall of the ventilation duct is powered on, using the Peltier cooling principle to actively cool the air flowing inside the duct, converting the ambient air into low-temperature cold air, improving heat dissipation capacity; the cooled air is transported forward along the ventilation duct, eventually reaching the end of the duct, where it is divided into two independent air outlets, the first and second air outlets, corresponding to two different heat-generating areas of the components inside the cabinet. While supplying air to the first and second air outlets, most of the heat is simultaneously conducted directionally to the graphene heat-conducting plate for cooling through the heat-conducting copper pipe, and the cooling gas blown out by the sunflower heat sink also cools the upper heat-generating components. The external control system combines temperature data from both sides of the temperature sensor to dynamically control the orientation of the air guide plate: High temperature on one side: The air guide plate is deflected to close or even block the air outlet on the low temperature side, concentrating most of the low temperature cold air to the high temperature hot spot area, achieving targeted centralized cooling, quickly reducing local high temperature, and preventing component overheating failure; Simultaneous heating of both sides: The air guide plate is controlled to stop in the middle position, with the opening of the two air outlets being equal, and the cold air is evenly distributed to both sides of the area to achieve balanced heat dissipation throughout the entire area.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the ventilation pipe is further provided with a limiting block, the bottom of which is in close contact with the rotating rod, and the end of which is in close contact with the bearing seat.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the rotating rod is also connected to a connecting plate, and the connecting plate has an arc-shaped groove.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the driving mechanism includes an electric cylinder. A fixed base is connected to the cabinet, and the electric cylinder is mounted on the fixed base. A piston rod is connected to the output end of the electric cylinder, and a round rod is mounted on the piston rod. A connecting plate is provided between the piston rod and the round rod. The fixed base on the cabinet supports the electric cylinder, which outputs power to drive the piston rod in a linear reciprocating motion. The round rod on the piston rod is embedded in an arc-shaped groove in the connecting plate, converting the linear motion of the electric cylinder into the rotational motion of the rotating rod. The rotating rod is supported by a bearing seat, and a limiting block is in close contact with the rotating rod, with its end abutting the bearing seat, thus rigidly limiting the rotation angle of the rotating rod to prevent damage from overtravel. When the rotating rod rotates, it simultaneously drives the air guide plate fixed to the outer wall to swing left and right, thereby changing the flow area of ​​the two air outlets.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, a filter screen is provided at one end of the air inlet.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a filter screen is provided at one end of the air outlet pipe, a baffle is provided at the top of the air outlet pipe, and an explosion-proof fan is installed inside the air outlet pipe. The circulating cold air in the entire unit cools and exchanges heat with the heating element, becoming hot air itself. The explosion-proof fan installed inside the air outlet pipe operates continuously, actively drawing out the hot air accumulated inside the cabinet. The filter screen at the end of the air outlet pipe prevents external insects and debris from flowing back into the cabinet, while the baffle at the top serves as a dustproof, rainproof, and rainwater backflow prevention measure, providing dual protection for the internal operating environment of the cabinet. The explosion-proof fan also meets the explosion-proof requirements of electrical equipment, improving the overall safety of the equipment.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a copper plate is connected to the aluminum plate, and a heat sink with a profile is provided on the copper plate. A first cooling fan is installed on the heat sink. The aluminum plate transfers some heat to the copper plate below. The through-holes in the copper plate increase the airflow area and enhance natural convection. The heat is further conducted to the heat sink, at which point the first cooling fan continues to operate, using forced air cooling to remove heat from the heat sink, providing basic auxiliary cooling, primarily for routine operating conditions with low load and low temperature rise. The aluminum plate conducts most of the heat directionally to the graphene heat-conducting plate through thermally conductive copper pipes. Utilizing the ultra-high in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene, heat spreads rapidly and evenly across the surface of the graphene heat-conducting plate, preventing localized heat accumulation.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the copper plate has through holes.

[0014] In one preferred embodiment, the cabinet has a door mounted on the front of the cabinet via hinges.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the cabinet is equipped with a fire extinguishing mechanism, which includes a miniature storage tank connected to a copper pipe. The copper pipe is equipped with a gas extinguishing nozzle and a one-way valve.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least one of the following:

[0017] 1. This invention uses a temperature sensor to collect temperature data in real time, and a linkage control system controls the drive mechanism. The drive mechanism smoothly converts linear motion into rotational motion, causing the air guide plate to swing flexibly. The control system can dynamically adjust the opening of the two air outlets according to the temperature measurement results: when one side is hot, concentrated cold air is directed to the hot spot area; when both sides are heating up simultaneously, the air volume is evenly distributed; energy waste caused by ineffective cold air dispersion is avoided, the utilization rate of cooling capacity is significantly improved, the temperature of local hot spots can be quickly reduced, and electrical components can be effectively prevented from malfunctioning due to overheating.

[0018] 2. This invention features two parallel airflow systems. On one hand, the cold air from the first and second air outlets blows across the bottom and periphery of the graphene heat-conducting plate. The airflow at the sunflower heat sink carries away the surface heat, forming forced cooling on both the bottom and surface. This effectively reduces the overall temperature of the graphene heat-conducting plate, minimizes the thermal conductivity temperature difference, and ensures the continuous and efficient operation of the main heat dissipation path: aluminum plate—thermal copper pipe—graphene heat-conducting plate. On the other hand, the cooling gas flowing through the sunflower heat sink rises and can also cool the heating elements at the top of the cabinet. Simultaneously, the sunflower heat sink has 360° omnidirectional air intake characteristics, significantly increasing the gas-solid heat exchange area and further enhancing the heat exchange effect.

[0019] 3. This invention uses an aluminum plate as the heat-conducting substrate and sets up two independent heat-conducting paths to achieve gradient matching of heat dissipation capacity. Path A relies on a heat-conducting copper pipe to directionally transport most of the heat to the graphene heat-conducting plate. Relying on the ultra-high in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene material, heat can be quickly and evenly diffused on the plate surface, avoiding heat accumulation from the source. Path B forms an auxiliary air-cooling circuit through a copper plate, profile heat sink, and a first cooling fan, which can meet the basic heat dissipation requirements of the equipment under low load and normal temperature rise. The two heat-conducting paths work together to take into account different operating conditions and effectively improve the overall heat conduction and heat dissipation stability.

[0020] 4. This invention utilizes a Peltier effector to cool the air inside the ventilation duct, thereby improving the air supply cooling capacity; the combination of active cooling and passive heat dissipation, as well as conventional air cooling, enhances the system's extreme heat dissipation capacity, making it suitable for high-power, long-term continuous operation scenarios and increasing the upper limit of equipment operation.

[0021] 5. The present invention has a built-in fire extinguishing mechanism with a miniature heptafluoropropane storage bottle, which is suitable for compact cabinet space. When a fire is caused by short circuit, overload, component aging, etc. in the cabinet, the temperature sensor can quickly identify abnormal high temperature and trigger the fire extinguishing mechanism. When a fire occurs, the initial fire can be extinguished in time, effectively avoiding safety accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0023] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. Those skilled in the art, guided by the teachings of this invention, can select various possible shapes and proportions to implement the invention according to specific circumstances.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of node A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation mechanism structure for a low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 5 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation mechanism structure for a low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram of node B in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function proposed in this invention. Figure 3 .

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] 1. Cabinet body; 2. Cabinet door; 3. Aluminum plate; 4. Copper plate; 5. Through hole; 6. Air inlet; 7. Air outlet pipe; 8. Filter screen 1; 9. Baffle plate; 10. Explosion-proof fan; 11. Graphene heat-conducting plate; 12. Heat-conducting copper pipe; 13. Profile heat sink; 14. First cooling fan; 15. Ventilation slot; 16. Temperature sensor; 17. Sunflower heat sink; 18. Ventilation pipe; 19. Housing; 20. Reserved slot; 21. Mounting port ; 22. Second cooling fan; 23. Bearing housing; 24. Rotating rod; 25. Limiting block; 26. Connecting plate; 27. Arc groove; 28. Fixed seat; 29. ​​Electric cylinder; 30. Piston rod; 31. Round rod; 32. Peltier effector; 33. Filter screen II; 34. Miniature storage tank; 35. Copper pipe; 36. Gas extinguishing nozzle; 37. One-way valve; 38. Air guide plate; 39. First air outlet; 40. Second air outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "long," "short," "inner," "outer," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present simultaneously. When a component is considered to be "set" on another component, it can be directly set on the other component or there may be an intermediate component present simultaneously. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "installed," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present invention, and any structural, methodological, or functional modifications made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] See Figure 1-7 This embodiment provides a low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function, including a cabinet 1, an air inlet 6 and an air outlet 7 on the cabinet 1; an aluminum plate 3 and a heat dissipation mechanism on the cabinet 1; the heat dissipation mechanism includes a graphene heat-conducting plate 11, a ventilation slot 15 and a temperature sensor 16 on the graphene heat-conducting plate 11, a ventilation pipe 18 connected to the bottom of the graphene heat-conducting plate 11, and a first air outlet 39 and a second air outlet 40 respectively at the ends of the ventilation pipe 18; a bearing seat 23 is also provided on the ventilation pipe 18, a rotating rod 24 is provided on the bearing seat 23, a guide plate 38 is connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 24, and a driving mechanism is provided at one end of the rotating rod 24; a heat-conducting copper pipe 12 is provided between the aluminum plate 3 and the graphene heat-conducting plate 11. The inner wall of the ventilation duct 18 is equipped with a Peltier effector 32. A housing 19 is connected to the ventilation duct 18. The housing 19 has a reserved slot 20 for connecting to the ventilation duct 18. The housing 19 has an installation port 21, on which a second cooling fan 22 is installed. A sunflower-shaped heat sink 17 is provided on the ventilation slot 15.

[0038] It should be noted that heat-generating components such as the low-voltage switch are mounted on aluminum plate 3, generating heat during operation. Aluminum plate 3 acts as the primary heat-conducting medium, conducting heat in two directions:

[0039] Path A: Conducted to the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 through the heat-conducting copper pipe 12 (main heat dissipation path).

[0040] Path B: Conducted through copper plate 4 to heat sink 13, and assisted by first cooling fan 14.

[0041] See Figure 1-3 Specifically, the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 utilizes its in-plane thermal conductivity to quickly and evenly diffuse the heat from the heat-conducting copper pipe to the entire plate surface. A sunflower-shaped heat sink 17 is installed within the ventilation slots 15 on the plate, utilizing its 360-degree airflow characteristic to carry away heat as airflow passes through the ventilation slots, precisely cooling heat-generating components such as the low-voltage switch at the top. A temperature sensor 16 on the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 is used to monitor the plate surface temperature in real time. The temperature sensor 16 is linked to an external control system: when the detected temperature exceeds a set threshold, the heat dissipation mechanism is activated. The operating mode of the subsequent air-cooling system is adjusted according to the temperature. The Peltier effector 32 is installed on the inner wall of the ventilation duct 18, and after being powered on, it performs cooling, actively lowering the air inside the duct. The second cooling fan 22 blows air from the air inlet 6) into the ventilation duct 18 through the mounting port 21 on the housing 19. The air reaches the end of the ventilation duct 18 and passes through the Peltier effector 32, facing two outlets: the first air outlet 39 and the second air outlet 40. The electric cylinder 29 drives the round rod 31 to move via the piston rod 30. The round rod 31 slides within the arcuate groove 27 of the connecting plate 26, driving the rotating rod 24 to rotate around the bearing seat 23. The rotating rod 24 causes the air guide plate 38 to swing, changing the opening ratio of the two air outlets and distributing them as needed.

[0042] See Figure 3 Specifically, the external control system determines which side has a higher temperature based on feedback from the temperature sensor 16, and controls the air guide plate 38 to swing to the corresponding position: when one side is hot, the air outlet on the low-temperature side is closed or reduced, directing most of the cold air to the high-temperature side to achieve centralized cooling on one side. When both sides need heat dissipation, the air guide plate is adjusted to the middle position to achieve balanced air cooling on both sides.

[0043] It should be noted that in low-voltage switchgear, the distribution of heat-generating elements within the cabinet is uneven. Some areas (such as the main switch terminals) generate more heat than others. If air is supplied evenly, a large amount of cold air will be blown towards areas that are already not hot, resulting in energy waste; while the truly hot spots will not receive concentrated cooling. By adjusting the air guide plate 38, the limited amount of cold air can be concentrated and directed towards the side with higher temperatures for cooling, achieving precise cooling. This improves the efficiency of cooling capacity utilization and lowers the temperature of hot spots more quickly.

[0044] For example, with Figure 1 Taking the indicated orientation as an example, the first air outlet 39 corresponds to the left-side heat-generating area (such as the main circuit breaker terminal installation location), and the second air outlet 40 corresponds to the right-side heat-generating area (such as the busbar connection location or branch switch installation location). A temperature sensor 16 is installed on the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 to monitor the temperature of each area in real time.

[0045] The following control parameters are preset in the external control system:

[0046] Heat dissipation start threshold Tstart =45℃: When the temperature in any area reaches or exceeds 45℃, the second cooling fan 22 and Peltier effector 32 are activated to begin active cooling.

[0047] Single-sided centralized cooling trigger temperature difference ΔT single =5℃: When the temperature difference between the left and right sides reaches or exceeds 5℃, the air guide deflection is activated, and the single-sided centralized cooling mode is entered.

[0048] Reset temperature difference ΔT reset =3℃: When the temperature difference between the two sides drops below 3℃, the air guide plate 38 returns to the center position and restores balanced air supply on both sides.

[0049] It should be noted that the temperature threshold and temperature difference threshold mentioned above are exemplary values. In practical applications, they can be adaptively adjusted according to factors such as the rated operating current of the switchgear, protection level, ambient temperature range, and temperature resistance level of internal components. The above values ​​do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] For example, consider scenarios one, two, and three:

[0051] Scenario 1: High temperature on one side, centralized cooling on one side;

[0052] During peak summer electricity consumption periods, the main circuit breaker on the left side of cabinet 1 experiences a significant increase in heat generation at its terminals due to prolonged full-load operation. Temperature sensor 16 detects a temperature of 52℃ on the left side and 46℃ on the right side. At this point, both temperatures exceed the heat dissipation activation threshold of 45℃, and the temperature difference between the two sides ΔT = 52℃ - 46℃ = 6℃, which is greater than the 5℃ temperature difference triggering centralized cooling on one side.

[0053] The control system determines that the current operating condition requires single-sided centralized cooling. The specific control process is as follows:

[0054] The control system commands the second cooling fan 22 to start, and at the same time the Peltier effector 32 is powered on to actively cool the air in the ventilation duct 18.

[0055] The control system commands the drive mechanism to operate: the piston rod 30 of the electric cylinder 29 extends, causing the round rod 31 to slide along the arc groove 27 of the connecting plate 26, pushing the rotating rod 24 to rotate around the bearing seat 23 (to... Figures 4-5(Taking a perspective example). The rotating rod 24 drives the air guide plate 38 to deflect towards the second air outlet 40. The air guide plate 38 partially blocks the second air outlet 40, reducing its effective ventilation cross-sectional area; correspondingly, the effective ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the first air outlet 39 increases. Under the guidance of the air guide plate 38, most of the air cooled by the Peltier effector 32 (e.g., about 70%-80%) is concentrated and blown towards the high-temperature area on the left through the first air outlet 39, with only a small portion flowing to the right area through the second air outlet 40. The left area receives concentrated cooling, and the temperature begins to drop; the right area receives a small amount of cold air, and the temperature is maintained or slowly decreases. The temperature sensor 16 continuously monitors. When the temperature on the left drops to 49°C and the temperature on the right drops to 47°C, and the temperature difference ΔT between the two sides is 2°C, which is less than the reset temperature difference of 3°C, the control system commands the electric cylinder 29 to reset, the air guide plate 38 returns to the center, and the balanced air supply on both sides is restored.

[0056] Scenario 2: Uniform temperature on both sides, balanced air cooling on both sides;

[0057] During spring and autumn, the load on each circuit within cabinet 1 is relatively balanced. Temperature sensor 16 detected a temperature of 48℃ on the left side and 47℃ on the right side. Both temperatures exceed the heat dissipation activation threshold of 45℃, but the temperature difference ΔT is only 1℃, which is less than the 5℃ temperature difference triggering centralized cooling on one side.

[0058] The control system determines the current operating condition and executes dual-sided balanced air cooling. The specific control process is as follows:

[0059] The control system commands the second cooling fan 22 to start, and the Peltier effector 32 to be powered on for cooling.

[0060] The drive mechanism remains stationary, and the air guide plate 38 remains centered. The openings of the first air outlet 39 and the second air outlet 40 are approximately the same. Cool air is evenly distributed to both sides, and the heating areas on both sides are cooled simultaneously. The temperature sensor 16 continuously monitors the temperature. If, during subsequent operation, a change in load causes an abnormal temperature rise on one side, and the temperature difference between the two sides reaches 5°C or more again, the control system automatically switches to the single-sided centralized cooling mode described in Scenario 1.

[0061] Scenario 3: When only one side exceeds the threshold, and cooling is completely unilateral;

[0062] During the equipment commissioning phase, a new load was added to the right side of cabinet 1 and operated briefly, while the left side remained unloaded. Temperature sensor 16 detected a temperature of 35°C in the left area, which did not reach the heat dissipation activation threshold of 45°C; the temperature in the right area was 47°C, which exceeded the heat dissipation activation threshold.

[0063] The control system determines that only the right-side area needs cooling, and the specific control process is as follows:

[0064] The control system commands the second cooling fan 22 to start, energizing the Peltier effector 32 for cooling. The control system also commands the electric cylinder 29 to actuate, driving the air guide plate 38 to completely deflect towards the first air outlet 39, thus completely blocking it. All the cool air is then concentrated and delivered to the high-temperature area on the right side via the second air outlet 40. Once the temperature on the right side drops below 40°C, the control system commands the second cooling fan 22 and the Peltier effector 32 to stop operating, and the air guide plate 38 to return to its original position.

[0065] This embodiment uses temperature difference (relative difference) rather than absolute temperature as the trigger condition for the deflection of the air guide plate, which has the following technical advantages: If the air guide plate is controlled by an absolute temperature threshold, when the temperatures on both sides are close to the threshold, the air guide plate may repeatedly deflect and reset due to small temperature fluctuations, accelerating the wear of the drive mechanism and the rotating rod. Setting a temperature difference threshold and combining it with the control hysteresis formed by the reset temperature difference can effectively reduce unnecessary actions. The temperature difference threshold ensures that the system only starts redistributing airflow when there is a significant local hot spot inside the cabinet (i.e., a large temperature difference between the two sides). This "on-demand distribution" method prioritizes the supply of limited cooling capacity to the areas that need it most, avoiding the waste of cooling capacity in areas that are already not hot in the uniform air supply mode, thus improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency.

[0066] The ventilation duct 18 is also equipped with a limiting block 25. The bottom of the limiting block 25 is in close contact with the rotating rod 24, and the end of the limiting block 25 is in close contact with the bearing seat 23. The limiting block 25 not only restricts the rotating rod 24, but also seals the connection between the ventilation duct 18 and the bearing seat 23 and the rotating rod 24, preventing airflow from flowing out from that location.

[0067] One end of the rotating rod 24 is also connected to a connecting plate 26, and an arc-shaped groove 27 is provided on the connecting plate 26.

[0068] The drive mechanism includes an electric cylinder 29, a fixed base 28 is connected to the cabinet 1, the electric cylinder 29 is provided on the fixed base 28, a piston rod 30 is connected to the output end of the electric cylinder 29, and a round rod 31 is provided on the piston rod 30.

[0069] A connecting plate 26 is provided between the piston rod 30 and the round rod 31.

[0070] A filter screen 2 33 is provided at one end of the air inlet 6. External cold air enters the cabinet through this inlet, forming a directional airflow from the air inlet 6 to the air outlet 7.

[0071] A filter screen 8 is provided at one end of the exhaust pipe 7, and a baffle 9 is provided at the top of the exhaust pipe 7. An explosion-proof fan 10 is installed inside the exhaust pipe 7. The explosion-proof fan 10 is installed inside the exhaust pipe 7 and continuously draws out the hot air inside the cabinet 1 and discharges it outside the cabinet. The exhaust pipe 7 is equipped with a filter screen 8 and a baffle 9 at its end to prevent foreign objects from entering.

[0072] A copper plate 4 is connected to an aluminum plate 3. A profile heat sink 13 is provided on the copper plate 4. A first cooling fan 14 is installed on the profile heat sink 13.

[0073] The copper plate 4 has through holes 5 for heat dissipation.

[0074] Cabinet 1 has a cabinet door 2 mounted on its front side via hinges.

[0075] The cabinet 1 is equipped with a fire extinguishing mechanism, which includes a miniature storage tank 34. A copper pipe 35 is connected to the miniature storage tank 34. A gas extinguishing nozzle 36 and a one-way valve 37 are installed on the copper pipe 35.

[0076] The miniature storage tank 34 includes, but is not limited to, a miniature heptafluoropropane storage bottle; in the event of a fire inside the cabinet, the gaseous extinguishing agent in the miniature storage tank 34 is transported through a copper pipe 35. A one-way valve 37 prevents the gaseous extinguishing agent from flowing back. The extinguishing agent is sprayed out through the gaseous extinguishing nozzle 36 to extinguish the fire inside the cabinet.

[0077] In a specific embodiment of this invention, during equipment operation, the low-temperature cold air delivered from the first air outlet 39 and the second air outlet 40, together with the convective cold air flowing out of the ventilation slot 15 and the sunflower heat sink 17, form two parallel cooling airflow systems, with the two airflows operating synchronously.

[0078] On the one hand, the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 is cooled from both the bottom and the surface to ensure the efficient operation of the main heat conduction path of the heat-conducting copper pipe 12; on the other hand, the heating elements in different areas of the cabinet are cooled in separate zones to achieve integrated operation of cooling of the heat-conducting substrate and cooling of the upper and lower components.

[0079] See Figure 4-5 Outside cold air is filtered through the air inlet 6 and filter screen 33, and then forced into the ventilation duct 18 by the second cooling fan 22. The Peltier effector 32 on the inner wall of the duct is energized to cool the air, converting the room temperature air into low-temperature cold air. After the low-temperature cold air is delivered to the end of the ventilation duct 18, the opening of the first air outlet 39 and the second air outlet 40 is dynamically changed by the adjustment mechanism composed of electric cylinder 29, piston rod 30, rotating rod 24 and air guide plate 38 according to the temperature signal fed back by temperature sensor 16, so as to distribute the air volume on both sides as needed to adapt to the different heat intensity of the left and right areas inside the cabinet.

[0080] Cooling the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 ensures the main heat flow. The low-temperature cold air discharged from the first air outlet 39 and the second air outlet 40 diffuses in the lower space of the cabinet, surrounds and blows around the bottom and surrounding area of ​​the graphene heat-conducting plate 11, and directly removes the heat accumulated on the plate in the form of forced convection.

[0081] The main heat of the low-voltage switchgear is transferred to the aluminum plate 3 by the heating element, and then transported to the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 in a directional and concentrated manner through the heat-conducting copper pipe 12. The cold air from the air outlet continuously cools the bottom of the graphene plate, which can effectively reduce the overall temperature of the plate and reduce the thermal temperature difference, so that the heat transferred by the heat-conducting copper pipe 12 can be continuously dissipated outward, avoiding the accumulation of heat in the heat conduction path and ensuring the stability and efficiency of the main heat conduction path.

[0082] The distributed low-temperature cold air is directed towards the two sides of the cabinet and the high-heat areas such as the main switch wiring terminals, providing precise forced cooling to localized heat points and solving the problem of localized overheating.

[0083] The circulating cold air inside the cabinet flows naturally into the ventilation slots 15 on the surface of the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 and passes through the sunflower-shaped heat sink 17 within the slots. Relying on the 360° all-around air intake structure of the sunflower heat sink, the contact area between the airflow and the heat sink is greatly increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is significantly enhanced.

[0084] The sunflower-shaped heat sink 17 is attached to the ventilation slot 15, continuously absorbing heat from the surface of the graphene heat-conducting plate 11. When airflow passes through the heat sink, it quickly carries away the heat from the surface of the plate. Combined with the cooling effect of the cold air from the lower air outlet on the bottom of the graphene plate, a dual-sided cooling effect is formed, which further reduces the operating temperature of the graphene heat-conducting plate 11, giving full play to the advantages of graphene's ultra-high in-plane thermal conductivity, and allowing the large amount of heat transported by the heat-conducting copper pipe 12 to be timely dissipated, thus preventing heat accumulation failure from the core end.

[0085] After the airflow completes heat exchange with the sunflower-shaped heat sink, it forms cooling gas. Guided by the overall airflow direction inside the cabinet, it flows upward and directly blows on the heat-generating components such as the low-voltage switch installed at the top of the cabinet. By utilizing forced convection heat exchange, it continuously cools the upper area of ​​the cabinet where the cold air from the outlet cannot reach directly, thus making up for the heat dissipation needs of the upper heat source.

[0086] The cool air from the air outlet is used to cool the local hot spots at the bottom and left and right sides of the cabinet, while the cool air from the sunflower heat sink is used to cool the heating elements at the top of the cabinet. The two airflows are connected vertically and work in separate zones to achieve cooling for all heating areas inside the cabinet without dead angles, avoiding the problem of insufficient cooling range and wasted cooling capacity of a single airflow.

[0087] The first air outlet 39 and the second air outlet 40 simultaneously act on the graphene heat-conducting plate 11, dissipating heat bidirectionally from the bottom and the surface. This maintains the graphene plate at a low temperature, maximizing the heat conduction efficiency of the core main heat dissipation path: aluminum plate 3 → heat-conducting copper pipe 12 → graphene heat-conducting plate 11. This allows most of the heat generated by the components to be quickly conducted and dissipated. The temperature sensor 16 collects the temperature of the graphene heat-conducting plate 11 and its surrounding area in real time. On one hand, it controls the air guide plate 38 to adjust the airflow ratio of the two air outlets to match the heat dissipation difference between the left and right areas. On the other hand, it links the operating power of the Peltier effector 32 and the second cooling fan 22, switching the heat dissipation intensity according to the overall temperature rise. After the first air outlet 39 and the second air outlet 40 complete heat exchange, the airflow is converted into hot air and finally converges at the air outlet pipe 7. The explosion-proof fan 10 inside the pipe draws the hot air out of the cabinet. At the same time, the air inlet 6 continuously replenishes fresh cold air, forming a complete closed-loop airflow cycle of "air inlet → zoned cooling → exhaust", which allows the entire heat dissipation system to operate stably for a long time.

[0088] See Figure 7 When a fire breaks out due to short circuits, overloads, aging, or other problems with the electrical components inside the cabinet, temperature sensor 16 will determine the fire based on the overload temperature, and the cabinet's fire extinguishing mechanism will immediately activate to perform emergency fire suppression operations.

[0089] The miniature storage tank 34 is a fire extinguishing agent storage unit. After a fire is triggered, the tank releases the internal gaseous fire extinguishing agent (heptafluoropropane). The fire extinguishing agent is directionally transported along the copper pipe 35. The one-way valve 37 installed in the pipeline only allows the fire extinguishing agent to flow forward, completely blocking the backflow of the fire extinguishing agent and ensuring a continuous and stable supply of the fire extinguishing medium. The fire extinguishing agent is finally directionally sprayed from the gaseous fire extinguishing nozzle 36 at the end of the copper pipe to the fire area inside the cabinet, quickly isolating oxygen, inhibiting combustion, extinguishing the fire source, preventing the fire from spreading further, and avoiding the expansion of electrical fires that could lead to safety accidents.

[0090] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the external control system commonly uses conventional techniques from the existing technology for control, therefore, this embodiment will not elaborate further.

[0091] It should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0092] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function, characterized in that, Includes a cabinet (1), on which an air inlet (6) and an air outlet (7) are provided; The cabinet (1) is provided with an aluminum plate (3) and a heat dissipation mechanism; The heat dissipation mechanism includes a graphene heat-conducting plate (11), on which ventilation slots (15) and temperature sensors (16) are provided. A ventilation pipe (18) is connected to the bottom of the graphene heat-conducting plate (11), and the ends of the ventilation pipe (18) are respectively provided with a first air outlet (39) and a second air outlet (40). The ventilation slot (15) is provided with sunflower heat sink (17); The ventilation duct (18) is also provided with a bearing seat (23), and a rotating rod (24) is provided on the bearing seat (23). A guide plate (38) is connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod (24), and a driving mechanism is provided at one end of the rotating rod (24). A Peltier effector (32) is provided on the inner wall of the ventilation duct (18). A housing (19) is connected to the ventilation duct (18), and a reserved groove (20) for connecting to the ventilation duct (18) is provided on the housing (19). The body (19) is provided with an installation port (21), on which a second cooling fan (22) is installed; the ventilation pipe (18) is also provided with a limiting block (25), the bottom of the limiting block (25) is in close contact with the rotating rod (24), and the end of the limiting block (25) is in close contact with the bearing seat (23); one end of the rotating rod (24) is also connected to a connecting plate (26), and an arc groove (27) is opened on the connecting plate (26); The drive mechanism includes an electric cylinder (29), a fixed seat (28) is connected to the cabinet (1), the electric cylinder (29) is provided on the fixed seat (28), a piston rod (30) is connected to the output end of the electric cylinder (29), and a round rod (31) is provided on the piston rod (30); a connecting plate (26) is provided between the piston rod (30) and the round rod (31). A heat-conducting copper pipe (12) is provided between the aluminum plate (3) and the graphene heat-conducting plate (11). A copper plate (4) is connected to the aluminum plate (3), and a profile heat sink (13) is provided on the copper plate (4). A first cooling fan (14) is installed on the profile heat sink (13); a through hole (5) is opened on the copper plate (4).

2. A low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the air inlet (6) is provided with a filter screen (33).

3. A low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the air outlet pipe (7) is provided with a filter screen (8), the top of the air outlet pipe (7) is provided with a baffle plate (9), and the interior of the air outlet pipe (7) is provided with an explosion-proof fan (10).

4. A low-voltage switchgear with intelligent heat dissipation function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet (1) has a cabinet door (2) mounted on its front side via a hinge. The cabinet (1) is equipped with a fire extinguishing mechanism, which includes a miniature storage tank (34), a copper pipe (35) connected to the miniature storage tank (34), and a gas fire extinguishing nozzle (36) and a one-way valve (37) on the copper pipe (35).

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