Perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of perovskite solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. The perovskite solar cell comprises a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and a conductive substrate layer, the hole transport layer is located between the conductive substrate layer and the perovskite layer, and the hole transport layer comprises a hole transport material and a down-conversion material. The perovskite solar cell can not only effectively protect the molecules of the hole transport layer and the molecules of the perovskite layer, but also can convert ultraviolet light into available visible light to generate a photocurrent gain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and its preparation method, photovoltaic module, and photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are a novel solar cell technology, considered a crucial future development direction in the field due to their high efficiency, low cost, and flexibility. Ultraviolet (UV) light, with its short wavelength and high energy, can trigger a series of photochemical and physical processes, negatively impacting perovskite materials and their device structures. UV damage to perovskite solar cells primarily includes degradation of the perovskite layer material and damage to the interface and transport layer.

[0003] In related technologies, downconversion materials are incorporated into the perovskite layer. However, this method makes it difficult to control the distribution of downconversion materials in the perovskite layer and cannot prevent ultraviolet light from damaging the hole transport layer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a perovskite solar cell that can protect the hole transport layer, thereby addressing at least one of the shortcomings of related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell, the perovskite solar cell comprising: a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a conductive substrate layer, wherein the hole transport layer is located between the conductive substrate layer and the perovskite layer, and the hole transport layer comprises a hole transport material and a downconversion material.

[0006] In some embodiments, the downconversion material also has hole transport capabilities.

[0007] In some embodiments, the downconversion material includes at least one of rare earth materials, fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, and thermally activated delayed phosphorescent materials.

[0008] In some embodiments, the hole transport material is an inorganic particle, the downconversion material is distributed in the gaps between the hole transport material, and the particle size ratio of the hole transport material to the downconversion material is 1:(2-200).

[0009] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the hole transport material to the downconversion material is (0.01-10):1.

[0010] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell includes: a conductive substrate layer, a hole transport layer, a self-assembled monolayer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and an electrode, which are stacked sequentially.

[0011] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: the self-assembled monolayer comprises one or more of carbazole derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, and acridine derivatives; the electron transport layer comprises fullerene and / or isomethyl [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyrate; and the electrode is Ag and / or Cu.

[0012] In some embodiments, the hole transport material is a metal oxide.

[0013] In some embodiments, the hole transport material includes nickel oxide and / or cobalt oxide.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell, the method comprising: providing a conductive substrate layer; forming a hole transport layer on the upper surface of the conductive substrate layer; and fabricating a perovskite layer on the upper surface of the hole transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer comprises a hole transport material and a downconversion material.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method includes: preparing a hole transport material solution and a downconversion material solution; pre-coating a layer of the hole transport material solution on the conductive substrate layer; and coating the downconversion material solution into the gaps of the hole transport material.

[0016] In some embodiments, the method includes: preparing a mixed solution comprising a hole transport material and a downconversion material, and coating the mixed solution onto the conductive substrate layer.

[0017] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a solar cell module, the solar cell module comprising a perovskite solar cell as described above or a perovskite solar cell prepared according to the above-described method for preparing a perovskite solar cell.

[0018] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic system comprising an electrically connected photovoltaic module and an energy storage system, the photovoltaic module comprising a perovskite solar cell as described above, or a perovskite solar cell prepared according to the perovskite solar cell preparation method described above, or a solar cell module as described above.

[0019] The perovskite solar cell of this application embodiment includes: a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a conductive substrate layer. The hole transport layer is located between the conductive substrate layer and the perovskite layer, and includes a hole transport material and a down-conversion material. By incorporating a down-conversion material into the hole transport layer, both the hole transport layer molecules and the perovskite layer molecules can be effectively protected, and ultraviolet light can be converted into usable visible light, generating photocurrent gain.

[0020] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a fluorescence photograph of Example 1 of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a fluorescence photograph of Example 2 of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a fluorescence photograph of Example 3 of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a fluorescence photograph of Example 4 of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a fluorescence photograph of Example 5 of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 The fluorescence photograph is shown in Comparative Example 1 of this application;

[0030] Figure 8 The fluorescence photograph is shown in Comparative Example 2 of this application;

[0031] Figure 9 The fluorescence photograph is shown in Comparative Example 3 of this application;

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0033] 1-Conductive substrate; 2-Hole transport layer; 21-Hole transport material; 22-Downconversion material; 3-Self-assembled monolayer; 4-Perovskite layer; 5-Electron transport layer; 6-Electron electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0035] Perovskite solar cells are a novel type of photovoltaic cell that relies on perovskite structural materials for photoelectric conversion. Perovskite materials are prone to degradation under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, leading to performance decline. The light stability of perovskite materials has long constrained their application and development in photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices. UV damage to perovskite solar cells mainly includes degradation of the perovskite layer material and damage to the interface and transport layer. Perovskite layer material degradation can be further divided into photoinduced ion migration and decomposition of organic components. Photoinduced ion migration refers to the excitation of high-energy photons by UV light, which exacerbates the degradation of ions (such as I-, MA-) in the perovskite. + / FA + The migration of methylamine (MA) leads to phase separation or component segregation. The decomposition of organic components, i.e., UV photocatalysis of methylamine (MA), results in phase separation or component segregation. + ) or formamidin (FA) + The oxidative decomposition of organic cations such as α, β, and γ destroys the crystal structure and reduces photoelectric conversion efficiency. Interface and transport layer damage mainly includes damage to the hole transport layer and electron transport layer. In related technologies, downconversion materials are added to the perovskite layer of perovskite solar cells. However, this method is difficult to control the distribution of the downconversion material within the perovskite layer, and uniformly embedding the downconversion material within the perovskite layer requires precise fabrication processes, making it technically challenging. Furthermore, the introduction of downconversion materials may introduce new defects on the perovskite layer surface, affecting carrier transport. This method also cannot prevent ultraviolet light from damaging the hole transport layer.

[0036] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a perovskite solar cell, which converts ultraviolet light into usable visible light by introducing downconversion material into the hole transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, while effectively protecting the hole transport layer molecules.

[0037] This application provides a perovskite solar cell, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the battery includes: a hole transport layer 2, a perovskite layer 4, and a conductive substrate layer 1. The hole transport layer 2 is located between the conductive substrate layer 1 and the perovskite layer 4. The hole transport layer 2 includes a hole transport material 21 and a downconversion material 22.

[0038] Light enters from one side of the battery, first passing through the conductive substrate layer 1, then reaching the hole transport layer 2, and finally being absorbed in the perovskite layer 4. The perovskite layer 4 plays a crucial role in perovskite solar cells, primarily in photon absorption, carrier separation, and charge transport. The hole transport layer 2 is responsible for rapidly extracting and transporting holes, preventing electron-hole recombination, thereby improving the battery's photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability. The conductive substrate layer 1 supports the battery structure, provides electrode contact, and efficiently transfers charge to the external circuitry. Ultraviolet light has a short wavelength and high energy, easily damaging materials; the down-conversion material 22 can convert ultraviolet light into visible light. By introducing a material with both downconversion and hole transport functions into the hole transport layer 2, the molecules of the hole transport layer 2 can be effectively protected from ultraviolet light damage. The downconversion material 22 is located in the hole transport layer 2 and has little impact on light transmittance. It converts ultraviolet light into usable visible light more efficiently, generates photocurrent gain, and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, the downconversion material is incorporated into hole transport molecules without considering compatibility issues. It is simple to prepare and easy to realize industrial production, thus enhancing the stability and efficiency of the battery.

[0039] Understandably, downconversion material 22 refers to a functional material that can emit low-energy photons after absorbing ultraviolet photons, and hole transport material 23 refers to a material that can efficiently transport holes (positive charges) and impede the flow of electrons.

[0040] In some embodiments, the downconversion material 22 also has hole transport function, such as certain rare earth materials or thermally activated delayed phosphorescent materials, whose molecular structure contains both hole transport groups and luminescent groups. The downconversion material 22 can assist in hole transport and avoid the downconversion material 22 itself blocking holes.

[0041] In some embodiments, the downconversion material 22 includes at least one of rare-earth materials, fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, and thermally activated delayed phosphorescent materials. By converting ultraviolet light into visible or near-infrared light, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the battery are improved. By selecting different types of downconversion materials 22, efficient absorption of ultraviolet light and emission of visible light can be achieved. Rare-earth materials have high quantum efficiency and resistance to light decay, fluorescent materials can achieve narrow-bandwidth wavelength conversion, phosphorescent materials suppress exciton quenching through long-lifetime emission, and thermally activated delayed phosphorescent materials achieve near 100% photon utilization through reverse intersystem crossing.

[0042] In some embodiments, the hole transport material 21 is an inorganic particle, and the downconversion material 22 is distributed in the gaps between the hole transport material 21. The particle size ratio of the hole transport material 21 to the downconversion material 22 is 1:(2-200). The particle size of the downconversion material 22 is smaller than that of the hole transport material 21. Therefore, the downconversion material 22 is distributed in the gaps between the hole transport material 21. Since the hole transport material 21 is an inorganic particle, the downconversion material 22 is anchored on the particles of the hole transport material 21, resulting in a stronger bonding force.

[0043] In some embodiments, the hole transport material 21 has a particle size range of 3-20 nm, and the downconversion material 22 has a particle size range of 0.1-10 nm.

[0044] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of hole transport material 21 to downconversion material 22 is (0.01-10):1. When the molar ratio is 0.01:1, the content of downconversion material 22 is low, primarily functioning in ultraviolet light absorption and conversion; when the molar ratio is 10:1, the content of downconversion material 22 is high, allowing for the selection of downconversion material 22 that also possesses hole transport capabilities, significantly enhancing visible light emission intensity. By adjusting the molar ratio, hole transport efficiency and ultraviolet light conversion efficiency can be balanced, optimizing the overall performance of the battery.

[0045] In some embodiments, a perovskite solar cell includes: a conductive substrate layer 1, a hole transport layer 2, a self-assembled monolayer 3, a perovskite layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and an electrode 6, stacked sequentially. The conductive substrate layer 1 is preferably FTO glass or ITO glass, and its surface is treated to enhance adhesion to the hole transport layer 2. The self-assembled monolayer 3 can improve and stabilize the interface between the hole transport layer 2 and the perovskite layer, thereby improving the performance and stability of the solar cell. The electron transport layer 5 is located between the perovskite layer 4 and the electrode 6, primarily responsible for extracting and transporting electrons while blocking holes, reducing electron-hole recombination. The electrode 6 collects electrons and transmits them to an external circuit. This perovskite solar cell structure achieves efficient light absorption, carrier separation, and transport through the synergistic effect of each layer, thus converting light energy into electrical energy. This structural design effectively reduces carrier recombination, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the cell. The downconversion material 22 is disposed in the hole transport layer 2, which not only reduces the degradation of perovskite layer 4 molecules by ultraviolet light but also further reduces the degradation of self-assembled monolayer 3 by ultraviolet light.

[0046] In some embodiments, the self-assembled monolayer 3 comprises one or more of carbazole derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, and acridine derivatives; the electron transport layer 5 comprises fullerene and / or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyrate isomethyl ester; and the electrode 6 is Ag and / or Cu. The self-assembled monolayer 3 is preferably a carbazole derivative, triphenylamine derivative, or acridine derivative, whose polar groups in its molecular structure can form strong interactions with the hole transport layer 2, improving interfacial charge transport efficiency. The electron transport layer 5 is preferably a fullerene or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyrate isomethyl ester, whose energy level structure matches that of the perovskite layer 4, effectively extracting electrons. The electrode 6 is preferably Ag or Cu, possessing good conductivity and light transmittance.

[0047] In some embodiments, the thickness of the perovskite layer 4 is preferably 300-700 nm, the thickness of the electron transport layer 5 is preferably 10-50 nm, the thickness of the monomolecular transport layer 3 is preferably 1-10 nm, and the thickness of the hole transport layer 2 is preferably 5 nm-40 nm.

[0048] In some embodiments, the hole transport material 21 is a metal oxide. Metal oxides have high hole mobility, enabling efficient transport of holes generated in the perovskite layer 4 to the electrode 6, reducing hole loss during transport and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. The energy level structure of metal oxides allows them to effectively block electron backhaul, reducing electron-hole recombination and further improving battery performance. Metal oxides exhibit excellent stability under thermal, light, and humidity conditions, serving as a protective barrier for the perovskite layer 4, effectively inhibiting interface degradation and extending battery life. Metal oxides such as nickel oxide (NiO) are also suitable. x The raw material cost is relatively low, and a uniform thin film can be prepared through various processes (such as spin coating, chemical vapor deposition, etc.). The downconversion material 22 is added to the hole transport material 21 of the metal oxide without considering compatibility issues, making the preparation simple and suitable for large-scale production.

[0049] In some embodiments, the hole transport material includes nickel oxide and / or cobalt oxide. Metal oxides such as nickel oxide or cobalt oxide (CoOx) have high hole mobility and good thermal stability, and can be used as inorganic hole transport material 21. By combining the metal oxide with the downconversion material 22, the stability of inorganic materials and the light conversion performance of organic materials can be balanced.

[0050] This application also provides a method for fabricating a perovskite solar cell, comprising: providing a conductive substrate layer 1; forming a hole transport layer 2 on the upper surface of the conductive substrate layer 1; and fabricating a perovskite layer 4 on the upper surface of the hole transport layer 2, wherein the hole transport layer 2 includes a hole transport material 21 and a down-conversion material 22.

[0051] In the above embodiments, through a step-by-step coating process, the metal oxide precursor solution is first spin-coated onto the conductive substrate layer 1 to form the hole transport layer 2 substrate, and then the downconversion material 22 nanoparticles are dispersed in isopropanol and formed by spraying.

[0052] In some embodiments, the preparation method includes: forming an electron transport layer 5 on the perovskite layer 4; and forming an electrode layer 6 on the electron transport layer 5.

[0053] In some embodiments, the preparation method includes: pre-coating a hole transport material 21 on a conductive substrate layer 1, and then coating a downconversion material 22 into the gaps between the hole transport material 21. This approach uses a step-by-step coating process to first form the hole transport layer 2 substrate, and then coat the downconversion material 22 into the gaps. This approach avoids the aggregation of the downconversion material 22 in the metal oxide matrix through step-by-step coating.

[0054] In some embodiments, the concentration of downconversion material 22 is 0.2 mg / L-1 mg / L. When the concentration of downconversion material 22 is too low, the ultraviolet light conversion efficiency is insufficient; when the concentration of downconversion material 22 is too high, downconversion material 22 is prone to aggregation. A concentration of downconversion material 22 of 0.2 mg / L-1 mg / L can achieve a high photon conversion efficiency and maintain long-term stability.

[0055] In some embodiments, the solvent for the downconversion material includes, but is not limited to, a solution or a mixture of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran. The solvent is selected based on the solubility and volatility of the material; methanol / ethanol is suitable for highly polar downconversion materials 22, N,N-dimethylformamide is suitable for poorly soluble materials, and acetone / tetrahydrofuran is suitable for non-polar materials.

[0056] In some embodiments, the preparation method includes: preparing a mixed solution comprising hole transport material 21 and downconversion material 22, and coating the mixed solution onto a conductive substrate layer 1. This approach improves production efficiency by mixing hole transport material 21 and downconversion material 22 in a proportional manner, adding a solvent, and maintaining uniform dispersion of downconversion material 22.

[0057] In some embodiments, the coating method includes, but is not limited to, drop coating, blade coating, spray coating, spin coating, etc. Based on the applicable scenarios of different coating methods, spin coating is suitable for small-area devices in the laboratory, blade coating is suitable for large-area devices, spray coating is suitable for complex curved substrates, and drop coating is suitable for flexible substrates.

[0058] This application also provides a solar cell module, including the perovskite solar cell described above or the perovskite solar cell prepared by the above method.

[0059] This application also provides a photovoltaic system, including an electrically connected photovoltaic module and an energy storage system. The photovoltaic module includes a perovskite solar cell as described above, or a perovskite solar cell prepared by the method described above, or a solar cell module as described above.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. All parts, percentages and ratios recorded in the following embodiments are based on weight. All reagents used in the embodiments are commercially available or synthesized by conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing. The instruments used in the embodiments are also commercially available.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] This embodiment provides a hole transport layer 2 preparation process, as follows: Step S100: Take out fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO glass) from the electronic dehumidifier cabinet, use a multimeter to confirm the front and back of the glass and mark the back with a glass cutter. Place the FTO glass on a basket and immerse it in a beaker containing detergent solution (ultrapure water, anhydrous ethanol) (enough to submerge the glass). Clean it ultrasonically for 10 minutes, remove it with tweezers, and dry it with a nitrogen gun. In step S200, uniformly drop 150 μL of NiOx aqueous solution (10 mg / mL) onto the FTO glass in air, and spin coat it at 3000 rpm / s to 5000 rpm for 30 seconds, then anneal it at 150°C for 15 minutes. In step S300, uniformly drop 150 μL of ethanol solution (0.5 mg / mL) of the downconversion material 224'-(diphenylamine)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid (TPA1) onto the NiOx-coated FTO glass in a glove box, spin coat it at 2000 rpm / s to 4000 rpm for 30 seconds, then anneal it at 100°C for 10 minutes.

[0063] Example 2: The preparation process of this example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the TPA1 solution used in step S300 is replaced with terephthalic acid-triphenylamine (TPA2) solution.

[0064] Example 3: The preparation process of this example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the TPA1 solution used in step S300 is replaced with tris(4-carboxybiphenyl)amine (TPA3) solution.

[0065] Example 4: The preparation process of this example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the TPA1 solution used in step S300 is replaced with 3,5-dimethyl-4-(pyrene-1-yl)benzoic acid (Py) solution.

[0066] Example 5: The preparation process of this example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the TPA1 solution used in step S300 is replaced with 4-(7,7-diphenyl-7H-benzo[c]fluorene-5-yl)benzoic acid (C-Spiro) solution.

[0067] Comparative Example 1: The preparation process of this example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the TPA1 solution used in step S300 is replaced with (4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) solution.

[0068] Comparative Example 2: The preparation process of this example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the TPA1 solution used in step S300 is replaced with (2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) solution.

[0069] Comparative Example 3: The preparation process of this example is the same as that of Example 1, except that step S300 is omitted.

[0070] This test example further measures the samples prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3, as follows:

[0071] (1) Fluorescence photography: Samples measuring 1.6 × 2.5 mm were irradiated with a 365 nm handheld UV lamp at temperatures of 10-30℃ and humidity of 35%-75%, and fluorescence photographs were taken. The test results are shown in […]. Figures 2-9 .

[0072] (2) Fluorescence spectroscopy test: The fluorescence spectrum of the 1.6×2.5mm sample was tested by a fluorescence spectrometer under a 370nm excitation light source at a temperature of 10-30℃ and a humidity of 35%-75%. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1. Fluorescence spectral test data of comparative examples and embodiments of this application.

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] like Figures 2-9 As shown, under ultraviolet light irradiation (365nm, 40W), the thin film spin-coated with NixO showed no fluorescence emission, and the commonly used single-molecule self-assembled materials MeO-2PACz and 4PACz also showed no fluorescence emission. The downconversion materials 22TPA1, TPA2, TPA3 and C-spiro all showed obvious fluorescence, while Py fluorescence was weak. This indicates that these downconversion materials 22TPA1, TPA2, TPA3 and C-spiro can effectively convert ultraviolet light into visible light.

[0077] Furthermore, the luminescence intensity of the different films was quantified by fluorescence spectroscopy. As shown in Table 1, TPA3 exhibited the strongest fluorescence intensity, with a fluorescence peak at 510 nm. TPA2 and TPA1 also showed strong fluorescence emission, with fluorescence peaks at 500 nm. C-spiro also showed strong fluorescence emission, with a fluorescence peak at 450 nm. However, Py's fluorescence peak was very weak, almost coinciding with the blank film, indicating its poor conversion ability under 370 nm ultraviolet light. TPA1, TPA2, TPA3, and C-spiro effectively converted 370 nm ultraviolet light into visible light.

[0078] The above experimental results show that by adding downconversion material 22 to hole transport layer 2, ultraviolet light can be effectively converted into visible light, which can reduce the damage of ultraviolet light to hole transport layer 2 and perovskite layer 4, and convert ultraviolet light into low-energy visible light photons. This process can broaden the spectral range of light absorption, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0079] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0080] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly specified.

[0081] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0082] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0083] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell includes: a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a conductive substrate layer. The hole transport layer is located between the conductive substrate layer and the perovskite layer, and the hole transport layer includes a hole transport material and a downconversion material.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downconversion material also has hole transport capabilities.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downconversion material includes at least one of rare earth materials, fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, and thermally activated delayed phosphorescent materials.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hole transport material is an inorganic particle, and the downconversion material is distributed in the gaps between the hole transport material. The particle size ratio of the hole transport material to the downconversion material is 1:(2-200).

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the hole transport material to the downconversion material is (0.01-10):

1.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell comprises: a conductive substrate layer, a hole transport layer, a self-assembled monolayer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and an electrode, which are stacked sequentially.

7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: the self-assembled monolayer includes one or more of carbazole derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, and acridine derivatives; the electron transport layer includes fullerene and / or isomethyl [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyrate; and the electrode is Ag and / or Cu.

8. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hole transport material is a metal oxide.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Hole transport materials include nickel oxide and / or cobalt oxide.

10. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, The method includes: providing a conductive substrate layer; forming a hole transport layer on the upper surface of the conductive substrate layer; and preparing a perovskite layer on the upper surface of the hole transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer comprises a hole transport material and a downconversion material.

11. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, The method includes: preparing a hole transport material solution and a downconversion material solution; pre-coating a layer of the hole transport material solution on the conductive substrate layer; and coating the downconversion material solution into the gaps of the hole transport material.

12. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, The method includes: preparing a mixed solution containing a hole transport material and a downconversion material; and coating the mixed solution onto the conductive substrate layer.

13. A solar cell module, characterized in that, The solar cell module includes a perovskite solar cell as described in any one of claims 1-9 or a perovskite solar cell prepared by the method described in any one of claims 10-12.

14. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic system includes an electrically connected photovoltaic module and an energy storage system. The photovoltaic module includes a perovskite solar cell as described in any one of claims 1-9, or a perovskite solar cell prepared by the method described in any one of claims 10-12, or a solar cell module as described in claim 13.

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