Stacked body, bonded body, image display system, and method for manufacturing bonded body

Abstract

The present application provides a laminate capable of suppressing the generation of bubble-like defects even when foreign matter is present between the adhesive layer and the adherend, a bonded body using the laminate, an image display system using the laminate, and a manufacturing method of a bonded body in which the laminate is bonded to an adherend. The laminate of the present application has a substrate and an adhesive layer, wherein the oxygen permeation coefficient of the substrate is 300 cc / m 2 ·day·atm or less.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a laminate having a resin substrate and an adhesive layer, a laminate formed by bonding the laminate to a bonded object, an image display system using the laminate, and a method for manufacturing the laminate. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there is a so-called head-up display or head-up display system that projects images onto the windshield of a vehicle or other object to provide drivers or other users with various information such as maps, speed, and vehicle status.

[0003] In a head-up display system, the driver and others observe a virtual image projected onto the windshield containing all the aforementioned information. The virtual image is positioned outside the windshield, in front of the vehicle.

[0004] The virtual image is typically positioned at least 1000mm in front of the windshield and on the outside side relative to the windshield. This allows the driver to observe the outside world ahead and obtain all the aforementioned information without significantly shifting their gaze. Therefore, when using a head-up display system, it is expected that drivers can obtain a wide range of information while driving more safely.

[0005] A head-up display system is constructed, for example, by forming a projection image display section by installing a light-transmitting reflective film, such as a semi-reflective film, on the windshield. Various films have been proposed as such reflective films.

[0006] For example, in Patent Document 1, an optical film having an optical functional layer and a blocking layer was proposed as an optical film that can be used as a display medium in a head-up display system. The blocking layer has a cured product of a resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and an ultraviolet-curable resin.

[0007] In this optical film, examples of optical functional layers include a half-wave plate, a quarter-wave plate, a laminate of a half-wave plate and a circularly polarized light reflecting layer, and a laminate of a quarter-wave plate and a circularly polarized light reflecting layer. Furthermore, an example of a circularly polarized light reflecting layer is a light reflecting layer using a cholesterol-type liquid crystal.

[0008] Previous technical documents

[0009] Patent documents

[0010] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2021 / 039394 Summary of the Invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0012] As shown in Patent Document 1, the reflective film used in the head-up display system is applied to glass such as a windshield.

[0013] As a method for bonding sheet-like materials such as reflective films to a substrate such as a windshield, one method is known that utilizes heat-pressing with an adhesive layer. Figure 7 The method is conceptually illustrated in the text.

[0014] In this bonding method, firstly, as Figure 7 As shown in the upper section, a laminate 100, including a reflective film and other laminates with an adhesive layer (not shown), is disposed on a curved surface such as a windshield or similar object to be bonded. Figure 7 As shown in the second paragraph, it is contained in a bag 106 such as a rubber bag.

[0015] Next, by simultaneously depressurizing and heating the bag 106, the laminate 100 (adhesive layer) is vacuum-heated and pressed onto the substrate 102.

[0016] After the pressing using the bag is completed, the laminate 100 is removed from the bag to form the bonded body 102, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown in paragraph 3, the laminate is heated and pressed using an autoclave, thereby heating and pressing the laminate 100 onto the laminate 102.

[0017] After the heating and pressing process using an autoclave is completed, such as Figure 7 As shown in the lower section, the laminate is removed from the autoclave, thereby obtaining a laminate formed by bonding the laminate 100 to the laminate 102.

[0018] That is, according to this bonding method, a laminate such as a reflective film with an adhesive layer can be bonded along the surface of the object to be bonded, such as a glass plate.

[0019] On the other hand, in this bonding method, there is a problem that the bonding is carried out directly with foreign objects such as dust attached to the adhesive layer or the surface of the bonded object sandwiched between the adhesive layer and the bonded object, resulting in bubble-like defects and reduced visual recognition. Therefore, a bonded object or bonding method with fewer bubble-like defects is desired.

[0020] Therefore, the objective of this invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and to provide a laminate that can suppress the generation of bubble-like defects even when there are foreign objects between the adhesive layer and the substrate, an adhesive body using the laminate, an image display system using the laminate, and a method for manufacturing an adhesive body that attaches the laminate to the substrate.

[0021] means for solving technical problems

[0022] In order to achieve the above-mentioned problem, the inventors conducted in-depth research and found that if a laminate of a substrate and an adhesive layer having a specified oxygen permeability coefficient is used for bonding with a substrate, the generation of bubble-like defects can be suppressed even if there are foreign objects between the adhesive layer and the substrate, thus completing the present invention.

[0023] That is, the inventors discovered that the above-mentioned problem can be achieved by the following configuration.

[0024] [1] A laminate having a substrate and an adhesive layer, wherein... The oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate is 300cc / m 2 •day •atm and below.

[0025] [2] According to the laminate described in [1], wherein, The thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1 μm or more.

[0026] According to the laminate described in [1] or [2], wherein, The bending stiffness coefficient S expressed by Equation 1 below is 0.4 × 10⁻⁶. 6 [GPa·μm 3 ]above.

[0027] Equation 1: Bending stiffness coefficient S =

[0028] Average tensile modulus of elasticity of the laminate [GPa] × (thickness of the laminate [μm]) 3

[0029] [4] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein, The substrate includes a protective film and a transparent resin layer.

[0030] [5] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein, The substrate also includes a reflective layer.

[0031] [6] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein, The substrate also includes a phase retardation layer.

[0032] [7] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein, The substrate also includes a polarization conversion layer.

[0033] [8] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein, The substrate also includes a hard coating.

[0034] [9] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein, The substrate also includes a hard coating, a reflective layer, a phase difference layer, and a polarization conversion layer.

[0035]

[10] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein, The substrate includes a resin substrate.

[0036]

[11] The laminate according to any one of [1] to

[10] , wherein, The adhesive layer contains an antistatic agent.

[0037]

[12] According to the laminate described in

[11] , wherein, The surface resistivity of the adhesive layer is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 14 Below Ω / □.

[0038]

[13] The laminate according to any one of [1] to

[12] is bonded to glass via an adhesive layer.

[0039]

[14] The laminate according to any one of [1] to

[12] is bonded to the windshield via an adhesive layer.

[0040]

[15] An adhesive having glass and a laminate bonded to the glass as described in any one of [1] to

[12] .

[0041]

[16] According to the adhesive described in

[15] , wherein, The laminate also has glass on the side opposite to the side with the attached glass.

[0042]

[17] An adhesive having a windshield and a laminate adhered to the windshield as described in any one of [1] to

[12] .

[0043]

[18] According to the adhesive described in

[17] , wherein, The laminate also has a windshield on the side opposite to the side with the windshield attached.

[0044]

[19] An image display system having a stack as described in any one of [1] to

[12] and an image display device for projecting an image onto the stack.

[0045]

[20] A method for manufacturing an adhesive body, comprising: Step 1, the substrate having a curved shape is laminated with any one of [1] to

[12] in such a way that the adhesive layer of the laminate is located on the side of the substrate and contained in a bag, without using a mold having a surface corresponding to the curved shape, and the bag is depressurized so that the laminate follows the curved shape to obtain a laminate; and Step 2 involves heating and pressing the bonded body obtained in Step 1.

[0046] Invention Effects

[0047] According to the present invention, a laminate that can suppress the generation of bubble-like defects after lamination and adhere to the laminated material can be provided. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a diagram that conceptually illustrates an example of a laminated structure according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of the adhesive body of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of the adhesive body of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a diagram that conceptually illustrates an example of the image display system of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the fitting body of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a conceptual diagram used to illustrate previous methods for manufacturing bonded bodies. Detailed Implementation

[0055] Hereinafter, with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, the laminate, the bonding body, the image display system, and the manufacturing method of the bonding body of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0056] Furthermore, the figures described below are conceptual diagrams for illustrating the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the figures shown below. Therefore, the size, shape, and positional relationship of each component, as well as the thickness of each layer in the laminate and the thickness relationship between each layer, differ from the actual situation.

[0057] Furthermore, in the following explanation, the “~” indicating a range of values ​​includes the values ​​written on both sides. For example, ε1 being the range of values ​​α1 to β1 means that the range of ε1 includes the values ​​α1 and β1. If expressed in mathematical notation, it is α1≤ε1≤β1.

[0058] Furthermore, in this specification, the upper or lower limit of a numerical range recorded in a certain numerical range can be replaced with the upper or lower limit of another numerical range recorded in a different period.

[0059] Furthermore, the upper or lower limit values ​​of the numerical ranges described in this specification can be replaced with the values ​​shown in the embodiments.

[0060] [Layered Body]

[0061] The laminate of the present invention has a substrate and an adhesive layer.

[0062] Figure 1 The image below conceptually illustrates an example of a laminate of the present invention.

[0063] The laminate 10 shown in the figure has, from bottom to top, a protective film 12, a hard coating layer 14, a transparent resin layer 16, a phase retardation layer 18, a reflective layer 20, a polarization conversion layer 24, and an adhesive layer 26. The layers from the protective film 12 to the polarization conversion layer 24 in the figure correspond to the substrate 11 in the laminate 10.

[0064] That is, the substrate of the laminate of the present invention refers to all layer structures other than the adhesive layer constituting one surface of the laminate (excluding the bonded material). For example, even when there is an adhesive layer between the retardation layer 18 and the reflective layer 20, the adhesive layer is a layer structure contained in the substrate.

[0065] Furthermore, the substrate of the laminate of the present invention does not include glass, because the laminate of the present invention is suitable for bonding to glass.

[0066] The oxygen permeability coefficient of the laminate of the present invention through the substrate is 300 cc / m. 2 When applied to a substrate with a time of less than 1 day atm, it can suppress the formation of bubble-like defects.

[0067] The details of why the generation of bubble-like defects can be suppressed are not yet clear, but the inventors speculate as follows.

[0068] First, the inventors investigated the reasons why the generation of bubble-like defects could not be suppressed in the prior art. They speculated that the reason was that during the heating and pressing (e.g., autoclave treatment) when making the bonded body, air permeated or dissolved from the surface of the substrate opposite to the adhesive layer, thereby increasing the amount of air dissolved in the substrate and adhesive layer. Therefore, the air around the foreign object was not absorbed by the adhesive layer or the substrate.

[0069] Therefore, in this invention, it is presumed that: by using an oxygen permeability coefficient of 300cc / m 2 For substrates with a day-atm or less, the increase in air dissolution in the substrate and adhesive layer is suppressed during the heating and pressing process when making the laminate. Therefore, air around foreign objects can be introduced into the adhesive layer or substrate, thus suppressing the generation of bubble-like defects.

[0070] In this invention, the oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate is 300 cc / m. 2 For daily atm and below, 200cc / m is preferred. 2 For days under atm, 150cc / m is preferred. 2 ·day·atm or less, further preferably 100cc / m 2 • Daytime (atm) or less. Especially preferred is 15 cc / m 2 For days below atm, 10cc / m is preferred. 2 For days below atm, 2cc / m is further preferred. 2 •day •atm and below.

[0071] Furthermore, there is no lower limit to the oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate, but it is preferably set to 1×10⁻⁶. -15 cc / m 2 For days and atm or above, a setting of 1×10 is preferred. -2 cc / m 2 • day • atm or above. By setting the oxygen permeability coefficient to the above value or above, it is possible to suppress the air remaining between the adhesive layer and the bonded material after heat pressing.

[0072] The laminate of the present invention preferably has a bending stiffness coefficient S of 0.4 × 10⁻⁶, as expressed in Equation 1 below. 6 [GPa·μm 3 ]above.

[0073] Equation 1: Bending stiffness coefficient S =

[0074] Average tensile modulus of elasticity of the laminate [GPa] × (thickness of the laminate [μm]) 3

[0075] Here, the average tensile modulus of elasticity used to calculate the bending stiffness coefficient S can be determined by the method described in the embodiments below.

[0076] Although the specific method is described in detail in the embodiments, when determining the average tensile modulus of elasticity, firstly, taking one direction of the in-plane direction of the laminate as a reference, specimens of a specified size are cut along each direction along the length direction, rotating 45° clockwise from that direction. Next, the cut specimens are placed in a tensile testing machine with a clamping interval of 100 mm in the measurement direction. Under a measurement temperature of 25°C, the specimens are stretched at a tensile speed of 300 mm / min by widening the clamping interval to obtain a stress-strain curve. The tensile modulus of elasticity is calculated by linear regression of the obtained curve. When the in-plane direction of the laminate corresponding to the length direction of the specimen showing the largest tensile modulus of elasticity among the specimens is designated as the first direction, and the direction orthogonal to the first direction is designated as the second direction, the average of the tensile modulus of elasticity in the first direction and the tensile modulus of elasticity in the second direction is taken as the average tensile modulus of elasticity of the laminate.

[0077] Furthermore, although the specific method is described in detail in the embodiments, when determining the average heat shrinkage rate, firstly, taking one direction of the in-plane direction of the laminate as a reference, sample pieces of a predetermined size are cut along each direction of the length direction, rotating 45° clockwise from that direction. Next, two reference lines are drawn in the width direction at 100 mm intervals on the cut sample pieces. After the sample pieces are placed in a heating oven at 140°C for 45 minutes without tension, they are cooled to room temperature, and the interval between the two reference lines is measured. The heat shrinkage rate of the sample pieces is measured based on the interval before and after the treatment. When the in-plane direction of the laminate corresponding to the length direction of the sample piece showing the largest heat shrinkage rate among the sample pieces is designated as the first direction, and the direction orthogonal to the first direction is designated as the second direction, the average value of the heat shrinkage rate in the first direction and the heat shrinkage rate in the second direction is taken as the average heat shrinkage rate of the laminate.

[0078] There is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the above-mentioned average tensile modulus of elasticity, but it is preferably 0.01 GPa or more, and more preferably 0.1 GPa or more. There is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the above-mentioned average tensile modulus of elasticity, but it is preferably 10.0 GPa or less, and more preferably 8.0 GPa or less.

[0079] There is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the thickness of the laminate, but it is preferably 100 μm or more, and more preferably 150 μm or more. There is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the thickness of the laminate, but it is preferably 1000 μm or less, and more preferably 400 μm or less.

[0080] The thickness (film thickness) of the laminate can be determined by the method described in the examples below.

[0081] [Substrate]

[0082] The substrate 11 of the laminate of the present invention has an oxygen permeability coefficient of 300 cc / m 2 For substrates with a day-atm or less, there are no particular limitations; they can be substrates consisting of only one layer or substrates consisting of multiple layers.

[0083] Examples of such substrates include protective films, hard coatings, transparent resin layers, phase retardation layers, reflective layers, intermediate layers, and polarization conversion layers, wherein preferably, at least a resin substrate is included (i.e., a film or layer containing 50% by mass or more of resin material).

[0084] <Protective film>

[0085] The substrate 11 of the laminate of the present invention may include a protective film 12.

[0086] When the substrate 11 has a protective film 12, the substrate preferably also includes a transparent resin layer 16.

[0087] like Figure 1 As shown, the protective film 12 is applied to the surface opposite to the adhesive layer 26.

[0088] The protective film 12 can be laminated during autoclave processing. For example, it can be laminated before heating and pressing, or it can be laminated before autoclave processing after heating and pressing.

[0089] After autoclave treatment, the protective film 12 can be peeled off at a stage where it is not needed.

[0090] Furthermore, the protective film 12 can be peeled off before heat treatment, provided that the oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate meets the above requirements. In the case where the protective film 12 is peeled off before heat treatment, it is preferable to peel it off after the laminate is disposed on the substrate, so as to protect the substrate from the adhesion or scratches of foreign matter.

[0091] Examples of materials that can be used for the protective film 12 include resins such as polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, polystyrene resins, and polyethylene terephthalate resins; nitrile rubbers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubbers; butyl rubbers; acrylic rubbers; thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers (TPO), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU), thermoplastic polyester elastomers (TPEE), thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAE), and diene elastomers (such as 1,2-polybutadiene); silicone elastomers; and fluoropolymer elastomers. A film formed from one or more of these materials in a single layer or multiple layers can be used as the protective film 12.

[0092] As for the material of the protective film, there are no particular limitations as long as the oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate meets the above requirements. From the viewpoint of oxygen permeability coefficient, polyethylene terephthalate resin is preferred.

[0093] The thickness of the protective film 12 is not particularly limited as long as the oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate meets the above requirements. It is preferably 25 μm or more, more preferably 75 μm or more, and even more preferably 125 μm or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is more common to find thicknesses below 500 μm.

[0094] Since the protective film 12 has the above-mentioned thickness, the processing of the laminate becomes easy, and therefore it is preferred.

[0095] The tensile elastic modulus of the protective film 12 is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0.001 GPa or higher, more preferably 0.01 GPa or higher, even more preferably 0.1 GPa or higher, and particularly preferably 1.0 GPa or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but it is more common to find values ​​below 12.0 GPa.

[0096] The tensile modulus of elasticity of the protective film 12 can be changed, for example, by the material constituting the protective film 12. Generally, the tensile modulus of elasticity tends to increase by increasing the molecular weight and / or crystallinity of the resin or elastomer. Furthermore, the tensile modulus of elasticity in the tensile direction of the protective film 12 can be increased by stretching. Even when the protective film 12 is composed of multiple layers, the tensile modulus of elasticity as a protective film is expressed.

[0097] The protective film 12 preferably shrinks due to heat.

[0098] Typically, the protective film 12 also includes a stretching process during manufacturing, and the stress generated by the stretching exists as residual stress. Therefore, this residual stress can be utilized to thermally shrink the film by heating it while following the curved surface.

[0099] The temperature at which the protective film 12 is heated varies depending on the material of the protective film 12. It is preferably 80 to 200°C, and more preferably 90 to 140°C, which is the typical heat treatment temperature in the curved surface following process.

[0100] The protective film 12 may have an adhesive layer on at least one side, and may also be a self-adhesive protective film with adhesive properties.

[0101] To reduce the oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate, inorganic materials such as silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide can be vapor-deposited on the protective film 12, and an outer coating layer of more than one layer can be further formed on its vapor-deposited surface.

[0102] <Hard coating>

[0103] The substrate 11 of the laminate of the present invention may include a hard coating layer (HC layer) 14.

[0104] By including the HC layer 14, it is possible to obtain wear resistance that is not easily scratched even when rubbed by hard objects, scratch resistance that is not easily scratched even when pressed by hard objects, and stain resistance that allows for easy wiping of dirt even when dirt is attached.

[0105] The HC layer 14 is preferably formed by polymerizing and curing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane compounds having polymerizable groups and fluorinated compounds having polymerizable groups, as described later, with polymerizable compounds having polymerizable groups, other than these compounds. More preferably, these polymerizable groups are free radical polymerizable groups. Thus, in the HC layer 14, the compound selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane compounds and fluorinated compounds exists in a bonded state with the polymerizable compound forming the HC layer 14, thereby imparting superior antifouling properties. When the compound selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane compounds and fluorinated compounds has polymerizable groups, the polymerizable groups in the compound selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane compounds and fluorinated compounds, as described later, react to form bonds in the HC layer 14.

[0106] Furthermore, when the HC layer 14 has a multilayer structure of two or more layers as described later, the compound selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane-containing compounds and fluorine-containing compounds is preferably included at least in the HC layer furthest from the transparent resin layer 16, and more preferably only in the HC layer furthest from the transparent resin layer 16. When using at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane-containing compounds having polymerizable groups in their molecules and fluorine-containing compounds having polymerizable groups in their molecules, the HC layer 14 furthest from the transparent resin layer 16 is preferably a cured film of at least the above-mentioned compound, and more preferably only the HC layer 14 furthest from the transparent resin layer 16 is a cured film of the above-mentioned compound.

[0107] The specific method of HC layer 14 will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following method.

[0108] There are no particular restrictions on the fluorinated compound used, as long as it can impart abrasion resistance or antifouling properties to the HC layer 14; compounds containing fluorine atoms in their molecules can be used. Fluorinated antifouling agents that exhibit antifouling properties are preferred as fluorinated compounds.

[0109] The fluorinated compound can be any of monomers, oligomers, and polymers. Preferably, the fluorinated compound has substituents in the HC layer 14 that facilitate bond formation or compatibility with other components (e.g., polysiloxane compounds, polymerizable monomers that are components of a resin, and the resin itself). These substituents can be the same or different, and preferably multiple substituents are present.

[0110] The substituent is preferably a polymerizable group, which can be any polymerizable reactive group exhibiting free radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, condensation polymerization, and addition polymerization. Examples of preferred substituents include acryloyl, methacryloyl, vinyl, allyl, cinnamoyl, epoxy, oxetyl, hydroxyl, polyoxyalkylene, carboxyl, and amino groups. Among these, free radical polymerizable groups are preferred, and acryloyl or methacryloyl are more preferred.

[0111] Fluorinated compounds can be polymers of compounds that do not contain fluorine atoms, or they can be oligomers.

[0112] There are no particular limitations on the polysiloxane-containing compounds in this invention; examples of compounds with a polysiloxane structure in their molecules can be cited.

[0113] The polysiloxane structure of a polysiloxane-containing compound can be any of the following: linear, branched, or cyclic.

[0114] As a polysiloxane-containing compound, a polysiloxane antifouling agent that exhibits antifouling properties is preferred.

[0115] The content of the polysiloxane compound in the curable composition for forming HC layer 14 is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, even more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 2% by mass, relative to the total solid content in the curable composition for forming HC layer 14.

[0116] In addition, when the HC layer 14 is a stacked structure of two or more layers as described later, it indicates the amount added to the curable composition for forming the HC layer containing the HC layer 14 containing the polysiloxane compound.

[0117] The HC layer 14 can be obtained by curing the curable composition for forming the HC layer by irradiating it with active energy rays. Furthermore, in this specification, "active energy rays" refers to ionizing rays, including X-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, electron beams, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, etc.

[0118] The curable composition for forming HC layer 14 contains at least one component (hereinafter also referred to as "reactive energy ray curable component") that has the property of curing by irradiation with active energy rays. As the active energy ray curable component, at least one polymeric compound preferably selected from the group consisting of free radical polymeric compounds and cationic polymeric compounds. Furthermore, in this specification, "polymeric compound" refers to a compound having a polymeric group in its molecule; as long as one or more polymeric groups are present in a molecule, it is acceptable. A polymeric group is a group capable of participating in a polymerization reaction; as specific examples, groups contained in various polymeric compounds described later can be cited. Furthermore, various polymerization reactions such as free radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, and anionic polymerization can be cited as examples of polymerization reactions.

[0119] Furthermore, the HC layer 14 is preferably obtained by irradiating an HC layer forming curable composition containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a polysiloxane compound having polymerizable groups in its molecule and a fluorinated compound having polymerizable groups in its molecule, and polymeric compounds other than these compounds having polymerizable groups in their molecule with active energy rays for polymerization and curing. In this case, the polymerizable groups contained in the polysiloxane compound, the fluorinated compound, and the polymeric compound are more preferably free radical polymerizable groups.

[0120] The HC layer 14 can be a single-layer structure or a stacked structure of two or more layers, preferably a single-layer structure or an HC layer composed of two or more stacked structures as detailed below.

[0121] As a preferred embodiment of a curable composition for forming an HC layer with a single-layer structure, a first embodiment includes a curable composition for forming an HC layer containing at least one polymeric compound having two or more olefinic unsaturated groups in one molecule. An olefinic unsaturated group refers to a functional group containing an olefinic unsaturated double bond. Furthermore, as a second embodiment, a curable composition for forming an HC layer containing at least one free radical polymeric compound and at least one cationic polymeric compound can be cited.

[0122] The curable composition for forming an HC layer preferably contains a polymerization initiator, and more preferably a photopolymerization initiator. The curable composition for forming an HC layer containing a free radical polymerizable compound preferably contains a free radical photopolymerization initiator, and the curable composition for forming an HC layer containing a cationic polymerizable compound preferably contains a cationic photopolymerization initiator. Furthermore, only one free radical photopolymerization initiator may be used, or two or more with different structures may be used in combination. The same applies to cationic photopolymerization initiators.

[0123] The following sections will describe each photopolymerization initiator in turn.

[0124] As a free radical photopolymerization initiator, any known free radical photopolymerization initiator can be used without any restrictions, as long as it can generate free radicals as active species through light irradiation.

[0125] Free radical photopolymerization initiators and auxiliaries can be synthesized using known methods and are also available as commercially available products. Preferred examples of commercially available free radical photopolymerization initiators include Irgacure (127, 651, 184, 819, 907, 1870 (CGI-403 / Irg184=7 / 3 mixed initiator, 500, 369, 1173, 2959, 4265, 4263, etc.), OXE01) manufactured by BASF, KAYACURE (DETX-S, BP-100, BDMK, CTX, BMS, 2-EAQ, ABQ, CPTX, EPD, ITX, QTX, BTC, MCA, etc.) manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and Esacure (KIP100F, KB1, EB3, BP, X33, KT046, KT37, KIP150, TZT) manufactured by Sartomer.

[0126] The content of the free radical photopolymerization initiator in the above-mentioned curable composition for forming the HC layer can be appropriately adjusted within a range that allows the polymerization reaction (free radical polymerization) of the free radical polymerizable compound to proceed well, and is not particularly limited. The content is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the free radical polymerizable compound contained in the above-mentioned curable composition for forming the HC layer, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and even more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass.

[0127] As a cationic photopolymerization initiator, any known cationic photopolymerization initiator can be used without any restrictions, as long as it can generate cations as active species through light irradiation.

[0128] As cationic photopolymerization initiators, diazonium salts, iodinated salts, sulfonium salts, and imine salts are preferred from the perspectives of photopolymerization initiator sensitivity to light and compound stability. Furthermore, iodinated salts are preferred from the perspective of weather resistance.

[0129] Specific commercially available products that serve as iodine-based cationic photopolymerization initiators include, for example, B2380 manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., BBI-102 manufactured by Midori Kagaku Co., Ltd., WPI-113 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., WPI-124 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., WPI-169 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., WPI-170 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., and DTBPI-PFBS manufactured by Toyo Gosei Co., Ltd.

[0130] Furthermore, specific examples of iodide salt compounds that can be used as cationic photopolymerization initiators include compounds PAG-1 and PAG-2.

[0131] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0132] [Chemical Formula 2]

[0133] The content of the cationic photopolymerization initiator in the curable composition for forming the HC layer described above can be appropriately adjusted within a range that allows the polymerization reaction (cationic polymerization) of the cationic polymerizable compound to proceed well, and is not particularly limited. It is preferably 0.1 to 200 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the cationic polymerizable compound, more preferably 1 to 150 parts by mass, and even more preferably 2 to 100 parts by mass.

[0134] Other photopolymerization initiators include those described in paragraphs 0052 to 0055 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-204725, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0135] -The curable composition for HC layer formation may contain any of the following components-

[0136] The curable composition for forming an HC layer contains at least one component having the property of curing upon irradiation by active energy rays and a compound selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane compounds and fluorine-containing compounds. It may optionally contain at least one polymerization initiator, and preferably does. Details of these components are as described above.

[0137] The curable composition for forming HC layers preferably also contains a solvent.

[0138] Organic solvents are preferred, and one or more organic solvents can be mixed in any proportion for use. Specific examples of organic solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butanol, and isobutanol; ketones such as acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; cellosols such as ethyl cellosol; aromatics such as toluene and xylene; glycol ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether; acetates such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate; and diacetone alcohol, etc.

[0139] Preferably, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and methyl acetate are mixed in any proportion for use.

[0140] The amount of solvent in the curable composition for forming the HC layer can be appropriately adjusted within a range that ensures the coating suitability of the composition. The solvent content is preferably 50 to 500 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymerizable compound and the photopolymerization initiator, and more preferably 80 to 200 parts by mass.

[0141] Furthermore, the proportion of solid components in the HC-forming curable composition relative to the total mass of the HC-forming curable composition is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 50 to 80% by mass, and even more preferably 65 to 75% by mass.

[0142] In addition to the components mentioned above, the curable composition for forming HC layers may also contain one or more known additives in any amount. Examples of additives include surface modifiers, polymerization inhibitors, and polyrotaxanes.

[0143] For details regarding these, please refer, for example, to paragraphs 0032 to 0034 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-229412. However, the additives are not limited to these; various additives that are generally capable of being added to curable compositions for forming HC layers can be used.

[0144] The curable composition for forming the HC layer can be prepared by mixing the various components described above simultaneously or in any order. There are no particular limitations on the preparation method; a known mixer or similar device can be used during preparation.

[0145] The thickness of the HC layer 14 is preferably 1 μm or more, more preferably 1 to 100 μm, further preferably 1 to 20 μm, especially preferably 3 to 20 μm, and most preferably 5 to 20 μm.

[0146] Regarding the thickness of HC layer 14, the cross-section was cut by cutting HC layer 14 with a slicer, stained with an aqueous solution of about 3% by mass of osmium tetroxide overnight, the surface was cut again, and the cross-section was observed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope).

[0147] An HC layer can be formed by coating a curable composition for forming an HC layer and irradiating it with active energy rays.

[0148] Coating can be carried out using well-known methods such as dip coating, air knife coating, curtain coating, roller coating, mold coating, wire rod coating, and gravure coating.

[0149] In addition, regarding the HC layer, it is also possible to form an HC layer with a stacked structure of two or more layers (e.g., about two to five layers) by simultaneously or sequentially coating two or more compositions with different compositions.

[0150] An HC layer can be formed by irradiating the coated HC layer curing composition with active energy rays.

[0151] For example, when the curable composition for forming the HC layer contains a free radical polymerizable compound, a cationic polymerizable compound, a free radical photopolymerization initiator, and a cationic photopolymerization initiator, the polymerization reactions of the free radical polymerizable compound and the cationic polymerizable compound can be initiated and carried out by the action of the free radical photopolymerization initiator and the cationic photopolymerization initiator, respectively. The wavelength of the irradiated light can be determined according to the type of polymerizable compound and polymerization initiator used. Examples of light sources for irradiation include high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, carbon arc lamps, metal halide lamps, xenon lamps, chemical lamps, electrodeless discharge lamps, and LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes).

[0152] Furthermore, the preferred light irradiation intensity is 30–3000 mJ / cm². 2 More preferably, it is 100–1500 mJ / cm 2 Drying can be performed as needed, either before, after, or both before and after light exposure. Drying can be carried out through methods such as blowing warm air, placing the product inside a heating furnace, or conveying it within the furnace.

[0153] When the curable composition for forming the HC layer contains a solvent, the heating temperature can be set to a temperature sufficient to dry and remove the solvent, and there are no particular limitations. Here, heating temperature refers to the temperature of the warm air or the atmosphere temperature inside the heating furnace.

[0154] When the substrate 11 has an HC layer, it is preferably applied between the protective film 12 and the transparent resin layer 16.

[0155] <Transparent resin layer>

[0156] As described above, the substrate 11 of the laminate of the present invention may include a transparent resin layer 16.

[0157] The material of the transparent resin layer 16 is not particularly limited, provided that the oxygen permeability coefficient of the laminate 10 meets the requirements. The transparent resin layer 16 is preferably transparent in the visible light region.

[0158] The material of the transparent resin layer 16 is not particularly limited. Examples of transparent resin layers 16 include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET); polycarbonate; acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer; epoxy resins; polyurethane; polyamide; polyimide; polyolefin; cellulose derivatives; silicone; and other plastic films.

[0159] As the transparent resin layer 16, cellulose acylate film and polyethylene terephthalate film are preferred.

[0160] The thickness of the transparent resin layer 16 is not particularly limited as long as the laminate satisfies the aforementioned oxygen permeability coefficient, but is preferably 25 μm or more, more preferably 40 μm or more. There is no particular upper limit, but thicknesses below 500 μm are common.

[0161] The tensile elastic modulus of the transparent resin layer 16 is not particularly limited, but preferably 1.0 GPa or higher, more preferably 2.5 GPa or higher, even more preferably 3.0 GPa or higher, particularly preferably 3.5 GPa or higher, and most preferably 4.0 GPa or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but values ​​below 12.0 GPa are common.

[0162] The tensile modulus of elasticity of the transparent resin layer 16 can be changed, for example, by the type of resin constituting the transparent resin layer 16. Generally, the tensile modulus of elasticity tends to increase by increasing the molecular weight and / or crystallinity of the resin. Furthermore, the tensile modulus of elasticity in the tensile direction of the transparent resin layer 16 can be increased by stretching. When the transparent resin layer 16 is composed of multiple layers, the tensile modulus of elasticity of the transparent resin layer 16 is also expressed.

[0163] The transparent resin layer 16 can be formed by any method, such as melt film formation and solution film formation.

[0164] (Melting film formation method)

[0165] When the transparent resin layer 16 is formed into a film by melt film forming, the melt film forming method preferably includes: a melting step of melting the resin using an extruder; a step of extruding the molten resin from a mold in sheet form; and a step of forming a film. Depending on the material of the resin, a filtration step of the molten resin can be provided after the melting step, or cooling can be performed during sheet extrusion.

[0166] The following describes a specific melt film-forming method, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0167] The preferred method for manufacturing the above-mentioned transparent resin layer includes: a melting step, in which resin is melted using an extruder; a filtration step, in which the molten resin is filtered through a filtration device equipped with a filter; a membrane forming step, in which the filtered resin is extruded from a mold in sheet form and pressed onto a cooling roller, thereby being cooled and solidified to form an unstretched transparent resin layer; and a stretching step, in which the unstretched transparent resin layer is stretched uniaxially or biaxially.

[0168] This structure allows for the fabrication of transparent resin layers. If the filter used in the filtration process of the molten resin has a pore size of less than 1 μm, foreign matter can be effectively removed. Consequently, the surface roughness in the width direction of the obtained transparent resin layer can be controlled.

[0169] Specifically, the method for forming the transparent resin layer can include the following steps.

[0170] The method for manufacturing the aforementioned transparent resin layer includes a melting process of resin using an extruder.

[0171] Preferably, the resin or a mixture of resin and additives is dried to a moisture content of 200 ppm or less before being fed into a single-shaft or twin-shaft extruder to melt it. At this time, to suppress resin decomposition, melting is preferably carried out under nitrogen or a vacuum. For detailed conditions, please refer to paragraphs 0051-0052 of Japanese Patent No. 4962661 (paragraphs 0085-0086 of US Publication No. 2013 / 0100378) and implement the procedure according to these publications, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0172] The preferred extruder is a single-shaft compounding extruder.

[0173] Furthermore, in order to improve the delivery accuracy of molten resin (melt), a gear pump is preferred.

[0174] The method for manufacturing the above-mentioned transparent resin layer includes a filtration step of filtering molten resin through a filtration device equipped with a filter, wherein the pore size of the filter used in the filtration step is preferably less than 1 μm.

[0175] Filter devices with this range of pore sizes can be installed in the filtration process with only one set or with two or more sets.

[0176] The above-mentioned method for manufacturing a transparent resin layer includes a film forming process in which filtered resin is extruded from a mold in sheet form and then cooled and cured on a cooling roller to form an unstretched transparent resin layer.

[0177] When molten (and mixed) and filtered resin (resin-containing melt) is extruded from a die in sheet form, it can be extruded in a single layer or in multiple layers. In the case of multilayer extrusion, for example, a layer containing a UV absorber and a layer without a UV absorber can be stacked. From the viewpoint of suppressing the deterioration of the polarizer caused by UV radiation and suppressing the leakage of the UV absorber, it is preferable to have a three-layer structure with the layer containing the UV absorber as the inner layer.

[0178] When manufacturing a transparent resin layer by multilayer extrusion, the thickness of the innermost layer of the obtained transparent resin layer is preferably 50-99% of the thickness of the entire layer, more preferably 60-99%, and even more preferably 70-99%. This lamination can be implemented by using a feed block die and a manifold die.

[0179] Preferably, in accordance with paragraph 0059 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-269301, resin (resin-containing melt) extruded from the mold in sheet form is extruded onto a cooling roller (casting roller) and cooled and cured to obtain an unstretched transparent resin layer (raw material).

[0180] In the above-described method for manufacturing the transparent resin layer, the temperature of the resin extruded from the die is preferably 280–320°C, more preferably 285–310°C. From the viewpoint of reducing molten residue of the raw resin to suppress the generation of foreign matter, the temperature of the resin extruded from the die in the melting process is preferably 280°C or higher. From the viewpoint of reducing resin decomposition to suppress the generation of foreign matter, the temperature of the resin extruded from the die in the melting process is preferably 320°C or lower.

[0181] The temperature of the resin extruded from the mold can be measured in a non-contact manner using a radiation thermometer (HAYASHI DENKO Co.,LTD., model: RT61-2, used with an emissivity of 0.95).

[0182] In the above-described method for manufacturing the transparent resin layer, when the resin is adhered to the cooling roller during the film forming process, an electrostatic application electrode is preferably used. This ensures that the resin is firmly adhered to the cooling roller, preventing the film surface from becoming rough.

[0183] In the above-described method for manufacturing the transparent resin layer, the temperature of the resin when it is adhered to the cooling roller (the point where the molten resin extruded from the mold first contacts the cooling roller) is preferably 280°C or higher. This improves the electrical conductivity of the resin, and by applying static electricity, it can be firmly adhered to the cooling roller, thereby suppressing roughness of the film surface.

[0184] The temperature of the resin when it is sealed on the cooling roller can be measured in a non-contact manner using a radiation thermometer (HAYASHI DENKO Co.,LTD., model: RT61-2, used with an emissivity of 0.95).

[0185] The manufacturing method of the above-mentioned transparent resin layer includes a stretching process of uniaxial or biaxial stretching the unstretched transparent resin layer.

[0186] In the longitudinal stretching process (the process of stretching in the same direction as the film conveying direction), after the transparent resin layer is preheated, it is stretched in the conveying direction by a set of rollers with different circumferential speeds (i.e., different conveying speeds) while the transparent resin layer is heated.

[0187] The preheating temperature in the longitudinal stretching process, relative to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the transparent resin layer, is preferably Tg-40°C or higher and Tg+60°C or lower, more preferably Tg-20°C or higher and Tg+40°C or lower, and even more preferably Tg or higher and Tg+30°C or lower. Furthermore, the stretching temperature in the longitudinal stretching process is preferably Tg or higher and Tg+60°C or lower, more preferably Tg+2°C or higher and Tg+40°C or lower, and even more preferably Tg+5°C or higher and Tg+30°C or lower. The longitudinal stretching ratio is preferably 1.0 to 2.5 times, more preferably 1.1 to 2 times.

[0188] In addition to or instead of the longitudinal stretching process, the transparent resin layer is also stretched laterally in the width direction by a transverse stretching process (a process of stretching in a direction perpendicular to the film conveying direction). In the transverse stretching process, a tenter frame can preferably be used, for example, by holding both ends of the transparent resin layer in the width direction with clamps and stretching it laterally. This transverse stretching can increase the tensile modulus of elasticity of the transparent resin layer.

[0189] The transverse stretching is preferably performed using a tenter frame. The preferred stretching temperature, relative to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the transparent resin layer, is preferably above Tg and below Tg+60°C, more preferably above Tg+2°C and below Tg+40°C, and even more preferably above Tg+4°C and below Tg+30°C. The stretching ratio is preferably 1.0 to 5.0 times, more preferably 1.1 to 4.0 times. It is also preferable to relax the transparent resin layer in either or both of the longitudinal and transverse directions after the transverse stretching.

[0190] Furthermore, it is preferable to control the variation of thickness with position in both the width and length directions to less than 10%, more preferably to less than 8%, further preferably to less than 6%, especially preferably to less than 4%, and most preferably to less than 2%.

[0191] Furthermore, the variation in thickness can be calculated as follows.

[0192] A 10m (meter) sample was taken from the stretched transparent resin layer. 20% of the sample was removed from each end in the width direction. 50 points were sampled at equal intervals along the width and length directions from the center of the membrane to determine the thickness.

[0193] Calculate the average thickness Th in the width direction. TD-av Maximum value Th TD-max and minimum value Th TD-min , (Th) TD-max -Th TD-min )÷Th TD-av ×100[%] This refers to the variation in thickness along the width direction.

[0194] Furthermore, the average thickness Th along the length direction is calculated. MD-av Maximum value Th MD-max Minimum value Th MD-min , (Th) MD-max -Th MD-min )÷Th MD-av ×100[%] This refers to the variation in thickness along the length direction.

[0195] The above stretching process can improve the thickness accuracy of the transparent resin layer.

[0196] The stretched transparent resin layer can be wound into a roll during the winding process. In this case, the winding tension of the transparent resin layer is preferably set to 0.02 kg / mm. 2 the following.

[0197] Regarding other detailed conditions, the melt film forming process can be described in paragraphs 0134 to 0148 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2015-224267, and the stretching process can be described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-137028 according to the present invention and incorporated into this specification.

[0198] (Solution film formation method)

[0199] When forming a transparent resin layer using a solution-based film-forming method, the preferred steps include casting a dopant solution onto a casting tape to form a cast film, drying the cast film, and stretching the cast film. Specifically, the film-forming method described in Japanese Patent No. 4889335 is preferred.

[0200] In this invention, the following method is preferred.

[0201] For example, the method described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-123732, which involves slow drying of the cast film by setting the drying speed to 300 wt% / min (=5 wt% / s) or less based on the solvent content on a dry basis, is an example. Furthermore, the method described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-276037, which describes a co-casting method for a multilayer structure of a core layer having a surface layer (outer layer) on both surfaces, involves increasing the viscosity of the dopant solution forming the core layer to ensure the strength of the cast film, and decreasing the viscosity of the dopant solution forming the outer layer. Moreover, methods for rapidly drying the cast film to form a film on its surface and smoothing the surface through the leveling effect of the formed film, as well as methods for stretching the cast film, are also preferred examples.

[0202] The transparent resin layer 16 is preferably thermally shrinkable. When the laminate follows the curved glass, excess portions will be generated on the planar laminate relative to the curved glass, making it difficult to follow the curved surface. By thermally shrinking the transparent resin layer 16, the excess portions of the laminate shrink, making it possible to follow the curved surface, which is therefore preferred.

[0203] Typically, the manufacturing process of a transparent resin layer includes a stretching process, and the stress generated by stretching exists as residual stress. Therefore, this residual stress can be utilized to cause thermal shrinkage during heating when following a curved surface. It is hypothesized that this thermal shrinkage can enable the following of curved glass. Furthermore, incomplete following tends to occur in the areas of the glass with greater curvature near the outer periphery of the curved glass, but is less likely to occur in areas with less curvature. In contrast, a laminate using a heat-shrinkable transparent resin layer effectively suppresses incomplete following in areas of greater curvature. The mechanism is believed to be as follows: in areas of greater curvature, the laminate has a degree of freedom to expand in the thickness direction, resulting in contraction in the planar direction; in areas of less curvature, the laminate has less freedom to expand in the thickness direction, resulting in almost no contraction in the planar direction.

[0204] The temperature at which the transparent resin layer 16 heats shrinks varies depending on the material in which the transparent resin layer 16 is formed. It is preferably shrinking in the range of 80 to 200°C, and more preferably in the range of 90 to 140°C, which is the heat treatment temperature in the usual curved surface following process.

[0205] The heating used to shrink the transparent resin layer 16 can be applied to the entire curved glass surface, or it can be applied locally to a section with high curvature that is prone to insufficient following.

[0206] The amount of shrinkage of the transparent resin layer 16 required to suppress insufficient following varies depending on the curvature and size of the glass. The thermal shrinkage rate of the transparent resin layer 16 is not particularly limited as long as it meets the aforementioned thermal shrinkage rate when the laminate is formed. At 140°C, the average thermal shrinkage rate in the direction of maximum thermal shrinkage and in the direction orthogonal to that direction is preferably 0.3 to 5.0%, more preferably 0.3 to 3.0%, and even more preferably 0.3 to 2.0%. The thermal shrinkage rate can be appropriately adjusted according to the stretching conditions during the manufacture of the transparent resin layer.

[0207] <Phase Difference Layer>

[0208] The substrate 11 of the laminate of the present invention may include a phase difference layer 18.

[0209] The phase difference layer 18 adds a phase difference (optical path difference) to two orthogonal polarized light components to change the state of the incident polarized light.

[0210] When the phase difference layer 18 is a phase difference layer disposed on the glass panel side that becomes the interior of the vehicle for optical compensation, the front phase difference of the phase difference layer only needs to be a phase difference that can be optically compensated.

[0211] In this case, the phase retardation layer 18 preferably has a frontal delay of 50–160 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0212] Furthermore, when the direction corresponding to the vertical direction above the surface of the glass panel is set to 0° when the windshield with the laminated body is installed on the vehicle, the angle of the slow axis is preferably 10 to 50° or -50 to -10°.

[0213] Furthermore, when the phase retardation layer 18 is a phase retardation layer that converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, the frontal phase retardation of the phase retardation layer 18 is preferably composed of an object providing λ / 4, but it can also be composed of an object providing 3λ / 4. Moreover, the angle of the slow axis only needs to be configured to the direction that converts the incident linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.

[0214] In this case, the phase retardation layer 18 preferably has a frontal phase retardation in the range of 100 to 450 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, more preferably in the range of 120 to 200 nm or 300 to 400 nm. Furthermore, the direction of the slow axis of the phase retardation layer 18 is preferably determined based on the incident direction of the projection light for displaying the projected image when the laminate is used in a head-up display system and the direction of the spiral of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer constituting the reflective layer.

[0215] The phase retardation layer 18 is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Examples of phase retardation layers 18 include stretched polycarbonate films, stretched norbornene polymer films, transparent films containing birefringent inorganic particles such as strontium carbonate that are oriented, films formed by tilting the deposition of inorganic dielectrics on a support, films in which polymeric liquid crystal compounds are uniaxially oriented and fixed, and films in which liquid crystal compounds are uniaxially oriented and fixed.

[0216] Among them, the phase retardation layer 18 is preferably exemplified as a film in which the polymeric liquid crystal compound is uniaxially oriented and its orientation is fixed.

[0217] As an example, this phase retardation layer 18 can be formed as follows: a liquid crystal composition containing a polymeric liquid crystal compound is coated on the surface of a transparent substrate, a temporary support, or an alignment layer; the polymeric liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal composition is then formed into a nematic alignment in a liquid crystal state and fixed by curing.

[0218] The phase retardation layer 18 can be a layer obtained by coating a composition containing a polymer liquid crystal compound onto the surface of a transparent substrate, a temporary support or an alignment layer, forming a nematic alignment in a liquid crystal state, and then fixing the alignment by cooling.

[0219] The thickness of the phase retardation layer 18 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 300 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 150 μm, and even more preferably 1.0 to 80 μm. The thickness of the phase retardation layer 18 formed from the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 10 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 5.0 μm, and even more preferably 0.7 to 2.0 μm.

[0220] <Reflective Layer>

[0221] The substrate 11 of the laminate of the present invention may include a reflective layer 20.

[0222] The reflective layer 20 reflects some or all of the visible light, and is not particularly limited. Examples include layers containing metal, layers with dielectrics, and layers containing liquid crystals.

[0223] The reflective layer 20 preferably comprises a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer having a selective reflection center wavelength in the red wavelength region, a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer having a selective reflection center wavelength in the green wavelength region, and a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer having a selective reflection center wavelength in the blue wavelength region. The selective reflection center wavelengths of the three cholesterol-type liquid crystal layers are different from each other. Each cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer can be in direct contact with any other cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer.

[0224] As is well known, a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer is a layer formed by fixing a liquid crystal compound in a helical orientation of a cholesterol-type liquid crystal phase. It reflects light at a selectively reflected central wavelength corresponding to the pitch of the helical structure, while transmitting light in other wavelength regions. Furthermore, a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer exhibits selective reflectivity for either circularly polarized light at a specific wavelength.

[0225] From the perspective of visual recognition, the reflective layer 20 preferably satisfies the following requirements (i) to (iii).

[0226] (i) In the range of wavelengths above 400 nm and below 500 nm, the maximum value of natural light reflectance exceeds 7% (preferably more than 20%), the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of natural light reflectance is 3% or more, and the total wavelength bandwidth of the region that is higher than the average of the maximum and minimum values ​​of natural light reflectance is 20 to 80 nm.

[0227] (ii) In the range of wavelengths above 500 nm and below 600 nm, the maximum value of natural light reflectance exceeds 7% (preferably more than 20%), the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of natural light reflectance is 3% or more, and the total wavelength bandwidth of the region that is higher than the average of the maximum and minimum values ​​of natural light reflectance is 20 to 80 nm.

[0228] (iii) In the wavelength range of 600 to 800 nm, the maximum value of natural light reflectance exceeds 7% (preferably 20% or more), and the total wavelength bandwidth of the region that is higher than the average of the maximum and minimum values ​​of natural light reflectance is 120 nm or more.

[0229] In a reflective layer with a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer, the reflected wavelength and reflectivity can be adjusted by selecting the center wavelength and thickness (helical pitch) of the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer. Cholesterol-type liquid crystal layers that reflect light in the blue wavelength region primarily achieve reflection of requirement (i), those that reflect light in the green wavelength region achieve reflection of requirement (ii), and those that reflect light in the red wavelength region achieve reflection of requirement (iii).

[0230] From the viewpoint of improving both reflected color tone and transmittance, the maximum reflectance of natural light above 400nm and below 500nm is preferably greater than 7%, and more preferably greater than 20%. There is no particular upper limit; for example, it is often below 35%.

[0231] Similarly, from the viewpoint of improving both reflected color tone and transmittance, the maximum reflectance of natural light above 500 nm and below 600 nm is preferably greater than 7%, more preferably greater than 20%. There is no particular upper limit; for example, it is often below 35%.

[0232] From the viewpoint of improving both the reflected color tone and the brightness of the displayed image, the maximum value of the natural light reflectance in the 600–800 nm range is preferably greater than 7%, and more preferably greater than 20%. There is no particular upper limit; for example, it is often below 35%.

[0233] From the viewpoint of improving both the reflected color tone and the transmittance, the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the natural light reflectance above 400 nm and below 500 nm is preferably 4% to 20%, more preferably 4% to 12%.

[0234] Similarly, from the viewpoint of improving both the reflected hue and the transmittance, the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the natural light reflectance at 500 nm and above and less than 600 nm is preferably 4% to 20%, more preferably 4% to 12%.

[0235] From the viewpoint of improving both reflective hue and transmittance, the wavelength bandwidth of the region where the reflectance is higher than the average of the maximum and minimum reflectance values ​​above 400 nm and below 500 nm is preferably 30 to 78 nm, and more preferably 35 to 75 nm.

[0236] Similarly, from the viewpoint of improving both reflective hue and transmittance, the wavelength bandwidth of the region where the reflectance is higher than the average of the maximum and minimum reflectance values ​​of 500 nm and above and less than 600 nm is preferably 30 to 78 nm, and more preferably 35 to 75 nm.

[0237] Regarding the wavelength bandwidths of 400 nm and above but less than 500 nm and the wavelength bandwidths of 500 nm and above but less than 600 nm, a narrower bandwidth is more beneficial to transmittance. However, since the wavelength bandwidth of 600–800 nm is relatively wide, if the wavelength bandwidths of 400 nm and above but less than 500 nm and / or 500 nm and above but less than 600 nm are too narrow, the reflectance color tone may deteriorate. Considering this, the wavelength bandwidths of 400 nm and above but less than 500 nm and the wavelength bandwidths of 500 nm and above but less than 600 nm are preferably set within the above-mentioned ranges.

[0238] Furthermore, for transmittance, the wavelength bandwidth above 500nm and below 600nm has a greater impact.

[0239] From the viewpoint of improving both the reflected color tone and the front brightness of the displayed image, the wavelength bandwidth of the region where the reflectance is higher than the average of the maximum and minimum reflectance values ​​of 600-800 nm is preferably 120-200 nm.

[0240] The reflective layer 20 preferably has two or more cholesteric liquid crystal layers with different selective reflection center wavelengths. Furthermore, each cholesteric liquid crystal layer is preferably in direct contact with any other cholesteric liquid crystal layer.

[0241] If the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layers are separated from each other, the interlayer thickness will increase, making it difficult to obtain the interference effect of light reflected by each cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer. In contrast, by setting the structure so that the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layers are in contact with each other, the wavelength bandwidth can be narrowed by utilizing the interference effect of light reflected by each cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer, which is therefore preferable. In particular, if the thickness of each cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer is thinner than the wavelength of light (visible light 380-780 nm), the interference effect will be more significant, which is also preferable.

[0242] Furthermore, when the reflective layer 20 has two or more cholesteric liquid crystal layers, each cholesteric liquid crystal layer is not limited to a structure of direct contact, but can also be a structure of stacking via an adhesive layer or the like.

[0243] Here, each cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer only needs to have at least one selective reflection center wavelength, or at least one cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer can have more than two selective reflection center wavelengths. Cholesterol-type liquid crystal layers with more than two selective reflection center wavelengths are achieved by a helical structure in which the helical pitch varies in the thickness direction.

[0244] The total thickness of the reflective layer 20 is preferably 0.4 to 2.0 μm, more preferably 0.6 to 1.8 μm, and even more preferably 0.8 to 1.4 μm.

[0245] <Intermediate Layer>

[0246] The substrate 11 of the laminate of the present invention may include an intermediate layer.

[0247] The intermediate layer can preferably be in Figure 6 It can be used in the manner of bonding shown, such as applying the laminate of the present invention to laminated glass.

[0248] As such an intermediate layer, for example, a resin film containing a resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and chlorinated resins can be used. The aforementioned resin is preferably a major component of the intermediate layer. Furthermore, a major component refers to a component that accounts for 50% or more by mass of the intermediate layer. Among the aforementioned resins, polyvinyl butyral or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferred, and polyvinyl butyral is more preferred. The resin is preferably a synthetic resin.

[0249] Here, polyvinyl butyral can be obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with butyral. The degree of acetalization of the above-mentioned polyvinyl butyral is preferably 40-85%, more preferably 60-75%.

[0250] Furthermore, the aforementioned polyvinyl butyral can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol using butyral. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol is typically obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, usually using polyvinyl alcohol with a saponification degree of 80–99.8 mol%.

[0251] <Polarization conversion layer>

[0252] The substrate 11 of the laminate of the present invention may include a polarization conversion layer 24.

[0253] The polarization conversion layer 24 is preferably a layer formed by fixing the helical orientation structure of the liquid crystal compound, and the pitch number x of the helical orientation structure and the film thickness y (in μm) of the polarization conversion layer satisfy all of the following relationships (a) to (c).

[0254] 0.1≤x≤1.0···Equation (a)

[0255] 0.5≤y≤3.0···Equation (b)

[0256] 3000≤(1560×y) / x≤50000···Equation (c)

[0257] Furthermore, one pitch of the helical structure of a liquid crystal compound is the component of one rotation of the liquid crystal compound's helix. That is, the state in which the direction vector of the helically oriented liquid crystal compound (or the major axis direction if it is a rod-shaped liquid crystal) is rotated 360° is considered as pitch number 1.

[0258] If the polarization conversion layer 24 has a helical structure of a liquid crystal compound, it will exhibit optical rotation and birefringence for visible light with wavelengths shorter than the peak reflection wavelength of the infrared region. Therefore, it is possible to control the polarization of visible light. By setting the pitch number x of the helical orientation structure of the polarization conversion layer 24 and the film thickness y of the polarization conversion layer within the above range, it is possible to give the polarization conversion layer the function of optical compensation for visible light or the function of converting linearly polarized light (p-polarized light) incident on the laminate into circularly polarized light.

[0259] By employing a helical structure in the liquid crystal compound that satisfies equations (a) to (c), the polarization conversion layer 24 exhibits optical rotation and birefringence in relation to visible light. In particular, by setting the pitch P of the helical structure of the polarization conversion layer 24 to a length corresponding to the pitch P of a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer whose selective reflection center wavelength is in the long-wavelength infrared region, it exhibits high optical rotation and high birefringence in relation to short-wavelength visible light.

[0260] The relation (a) is “0.1≤x≤1.0”.

[0261] If the pitch number x of the helical structure is 0.1 or higher, sufficient optical rotation and birefringence can be obtained, thus making it the preferred choice.

[0262] Furthermore, if the pitch number x of the helical structure is less than 1.0, the optical rotation and birefringence are sufficient, making it easy to obtain the desired elliptically polarized light.

[0263] The relation (b) is “0.5≤y≤3.0”.

[0264] If the thickness y of the polarization conversion layer is greater than 0.5 μm, sufficient optical rotation and birefringence can be obtained.

[0265] If the thickness y of the polarization conversion layer is less than 3.0 μm, the optical rotation and birefringence are sufficient, and the desired circularly polarized light can be easily obtained.

[0266] The relation (c) is “3000≤(1560×y) / x≤50000”.

[0267] If “(1560×y) / x” is greater than 3000, the desired polarized light can be easily obtained.

[0268] If “(1560×y) / x” is less than 50000, the desired polarized light can be easily obtained.

[0269] In this invention, the pitch number x of the helical structure of the polarization conversion layer 24 is more preferably 0.1 to 0.8, and the film thickness y is more preferably 0.6 to 2.6 μm. Furthermore, "(1560×y) / x" is more preferably 5000 to 13000.

[0270] That is, the preferred spiral structure of the polarization conversion layer 24 has a long pitch P and a small number of pitches x.

[0271] Specifically, the pitch P of the preferred helix of the polarization conversion layer 24 is equal to the pitch P of the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer whose center wavelength for reflection is in the long-wavelength infrared region, and the number of pitches x is small. More specifically, the pitch P of the preferred helix of the polarization conversion layer 24 is equal to the pitch P of the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer whose center wavelength for reflection is 3000-10000 nm, and the number of pitches x is small.

[0272] The pitch P of this polarization conversion layer 24 corresponds to a selective reflection center wavelength that is much longer than that of visible light, thus allowing it to more appropriately exhibit optical rotation and birefringence to the aforementioned visible light.

[0273] This polarization conversion layer 24 can be formed in essentially the same manner as a known cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer. Specifically, when forming the polarization conversion layer 24, to ensure that the pitch number x and film thickness y [μm] of the helical structure in the polarization conversion layer 24 satisfy all of the relationships (a) to (c), it is preferable to adjust the liquid crystal compound used, the chiral reagent used, the amount of chiral reagent added, and the film thickness.

[0274] In the laminate of the present invention, the substrate preferably includes all of the above-mentioned hard coating layer, reflective layer, phase difference layer and polarization conversion layer, and more preferably includes all of the above-mentioned protective film, transparent resin layer, hard coating layer, reflective layer, phase difference layer and polarization conversion layer.

[0275] [Adhesive layer]

[0276] The laminate of the present invention has an adhesive layer 26.

[0277] The adhesive layer 26 is a layer used to physically bond the laminate to the substrate. By dissolving the air contained in the defect in the adhesive layer, the air bubbles disappear, thereby suppressing the visual recognition of the defect.

[0278] The adhesive layer is not particularly limited in material as long as it has the transparency to ensure the visual recognition of the displayed content when attached to the substrate and can bond the substrate and the substrate. It can be made of resin or elastomer (including oil-extended rubber).

[0279] Furthermore, it can be plasticized and exhibit adhesiveness by heat when it is applied to the object being adhered (heat sealant), or it can be adhesive and able to be applied at room temperature (adhesive layer).

[0280] The adhesive layer 26 preferably comprises a thermoplastic resin or an elastomer.

[0281] As thermoplastic resins, resins with good affinity and adhesion to the substrate (e.g., a glass substrate) are preferred. Examples include 1,2-polybutadiene resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (referred to as "EVA," which typically contains 3% or more vinyl acetate structural units by mass), polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, vinyl ester resins (except EVA), saturated polyester resins, polyamide resins, fluoropolymers (such as polyvinylidene fluoride), polycarbonate resins, polyoxymethylene resins, urethane resins, epoxy resins, (meth)acrylate resins (also called (meth)acrylate resins, referring to (meth)acrylate resins, etc.), unsaturated polyester resins, and silicone resins, as well as modified resins of these resins. Examples of urethane resins include urethane-modified polyester resins and urethane resins.

[0282] As a thermoplastic resin, (meth)acrylate resin, polyvinyl butyral or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are preferred.

[0283] Polyvinyl butyral can be obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with butyral.

[0284] There is no particular limitation on the degree of acetalization of polyvinyl butyral, but it is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 60% or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is preferably 85% or less, more preferably 75% or less.

[0285] Polyvinyl alcohol used in the synthesis of polyvinyl butyral is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, typically using polyvinyl alcohol with a saponification degree of 80–99.8 mol%.

[0286] Furthermore, the degree of polymerization of the aforementioned polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 200 to 3000.

[0287] Examples of elastomers include block (co)polymers of conjugated dienes, acrylic block (co)polymers, styrene block (co)polymers, block copolymers of aromatic vinyl compounds and conjugated dienes, hydrides of block (co)polymers of conjugated dienes, hydrides of block copolymers of aromatic vinyl compounds and conjugated dienes, ethylene-α-olefin copolymers, polar group-modified olefin copolymers, elastomers composed of polar group-modified olefin copolymers and metal ions and / or metal compounds, nitrile rubbers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers (TPO), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU), thermoplastic polyester elastomers (TPEE), thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAE), diene elastomers (such as 1,2-polybutadiene), silicone elastomers, and fluorinated elastomers.

[0288] Thermoplastic resins or elastomers can be synthesized by known methods or commercially available products can be used. Examples of commercially available elastomers include KURARITY LA1114, KURARITY LA2140, KURARITY LA2250, KURARITY LA2330, KURARITY LA4285, HYBRAR 5127, HYBRAR 7311F, SEPTON 2104, and SEPTON 2063 (manufactured by KURARAY CO.,LTD., trade name). From the viewpoint of oxygen solubility, acrylic block (co)polymers or styrene block (co)polymers are preferred as elastomers.

[0289] From the viewpoint of balancing solubility in solvents with storage elastic modulus, the weight-average molecular weight of thermoplastic resins and elastomers is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 50,000 to 500,000.

[0290] The adhesive layer 26 is preferably formed using a composition (adhesive layer forming composition) containing a polymeric compound for chemical bonding with the reflective layer or polarization conversion layer. As the polymeric compound, it is preferably a polymeric compound capable of chemically bonding with the polymeric liquid crystal compound used to form the reflective layer or polarization conversion layer; for example, if the polymeric liquid crystal compound has olefinically unsaturated polymeric groups, the polymeric compound preferably also has olefinically unsaturated polymeric groups.

[0291] Examples of compounds containing olefinically unsaturated polymerizable groups include the following compounds. However, the present invention is not limited to the compounds illustrated below.

[0292] Examples include polyethylene glycol 200 di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol 300 di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol 400 di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol 600 di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, epichlorohydrin modified ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (as commercially available products, such as DENACOL DA-811 manufactured by Nagase & Co., Ltd.), polypropylene glycol 200 di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol 400 di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol 700 di(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide (EO)·propylene oxide (PO) block polyether di(meth)acrylate (as commercially available products, such as BLEMMER PET series manufactured by NOF CORPORATION), dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and bisphenol A. EO addition-type di(meth)acrylates (commercially available, such as M-210 manufactured by TOAGOSEI CO.,LTD., NK ESTETR A-BPE-20 manufactured by SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd., etc.), hydrogenated bisphenol A EO addition-type di(meth)acrylates (NKESTETR A-HPE-4 manufactured by SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd., etc.), bisphenol A PO addition-type di(meth)acrylates (commercially available, such as LIGHT ACRYLATE BP-4PA manufactured by Kyoishachemical Co., Ltd., etc.), bisphenol A epichlorohydrin addition-type di(meth)acrylates (commercially available, such as EBECRYL 150 manufactured by DAICEL-ALLNEX LTD., etc.), bisphenol A EO·PO addition-type di(meth)acrylates (commercially available, such as BP-023-PE manufactured by TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., etc.), bisphenol F EO addition-type di(meth)acrylates (commercially available, such as ARONIX M-208 manufactured by TOAGOSEI CO.,LTD.), 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate and its epichlorohydrin modified derivatives, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate with hydroxypentanoic acid and its caprolactone modified derivatives, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane di(meth)acrylate, tricyclodecanediethanol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol di(meth)acrylate monostearate, trimethylolpropane acrylate / benzoate, and EO-modified di(meth)acrylates with isocyanuric acid (commercially available, such as TOAGOSEI CO.,LTD.).To produce difunctional (meth)acrylate compounds such as ARONIX M-215.

[0293] Furthermore, examples include trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate (commercially available, such as TPMTA manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and its EO, PO, and epichlorohydrin modified derivatives; pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate; glycerol tri(meth)acrylate and its EO, PO, and epichlorohydrin modified derivatives; isocyanuric acid EO-modified tri(meth)acrylate (commercially available, such as ARONIX M-315 manufactured by TOAGOSEI CO.,LTD.); tri(meth)acryloyloxyethyl phosphate; (2,2,2-tri(meth)acryloyloxymethyl)ethyl-hydrophthalate; glycerol tri(meth)acrylate and its EO, PO, and epichlorohydrin modified derivatives, etc., which are trifunctional (meth)acrylate compounds; pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate (commercially available, such as SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd., Ltd. manufactures TPMTA and its EO, PO, epichlorohydrin modified compounds, di-trimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate and other 4-functional (meth)acrylate compounds; pentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate and its EO, PO, epichlorohydrin, fatty acids, alkyl modified compounds and other 5-functional (meth)acrylate compounds; pentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate and its EO, PO, epichlorohydrin, fatty acids, alkyl modified compounds, sorbitol hexa(meth)acrylate and its EO, PO, epichlorohydrin, fatty acids, alkyl modified compounds and other 6-functional (meth)acrylate compounds.

[0294] Compounds containing olefinic unsaturated polymerizable groups can be used in combination of two or more. In this case, a mixture of dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, such as "DPHA" (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), is preferred.

[0295] Furthermore, as compounds containing olefinically unsaturated polymerizable groups, polyester (meth)acrylates and epoxy (meth)acrylates with a weight average molecular weight of 200 or more and less than 1000 are preferred. Among commercially available products, examples of polyester (meth)acrylates include the BEAMSET 700 series manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., such as BEAMSET 700 (6-functional), BEAMSET 710 (4-functional), and BEAMSET 720 (3-functional). Examples of epoxy (meth)acrylates include the SP series manufactured by Showa Highpolymer Co., Ltd., such as SP-1506, 500, SP-1507, and 480; the VR series, such as VR-77; and the EA-1010 / ECA, EA-11020, EA-1025, and EA-6310 / ECA manufactured by SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.

[0296] From the viewpoint of good adhesion to the glass substrate, the I / O ratio (the ratio of inorganic value (I value) to organic value (O value)) of the polymeric compound (especially compounds containing olefinically unsaturated polymeric groups) is preferably 0.40 or more, more preferably 0.60 or more, and even more preferably 1.2 or more. There is no particular upper limit to the I / O ratio, but from the viewpoint of compatibility with thermoplastic resins, it is preferably less than 3.0.

[0297] The I / O ratio is calculated using methods derived from organic concept maps. Organic concept maps, proposed by Fujita et al., are an effective method for predicting various physicochemical properties from the chemical structure of organic compounds (see Yoshio Koda, Organic Concept Maps - Basics and Applications -, SANKYO SHUPPAN Co., Ltd. (1984)). Since the polarity of an organic compound depends on the number of carbon atoms or substituents, the inorganic and organic values ​​of other substituents are determined based on the assumption that the organic value of the methylene group is 20 and the inorganic value of the hydroxyl group is 100. The inorganic and organic values ​​of the organic compound are then calculated. Organic compounds with higher inorganic values ​​are more polar, and those with higher organic values ​​are less polar.

[0298] Regarding the specific calculation methods for the aforementioned I value, O value, and I / O ratio, Honma et al., co-authors of "The New Organic Concept Map: Basics and Applications," have published an Excel sheet for calculating organic concept maps (http: / / www.ecosci.jp / sheet / orgs_help.html), which can be used for calculations.

[0299] When the composition used to form the adhesive layer 26 contains a polymeric compound, the content of the polymeric compound relative to the solid components in the composition is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably 15 to 50% by mass.

[0300] The solid component in a composition refers to all components other than the solvent. Even if the other components are in liquid form, they are counted as solid components.

[0301] From the viewpoint of close adhesion to glass, the composition used to form the adhesive layer 26 (the composition for forming the adhesive layer) preferably contains a polymerization initiator.

[0302] Examples of polymerization initiators include, for instance, photopolymerization initiators.

[0303] As photopolymerization initiators, any known photopolymerization initiator that can generate free radicals as active species through light irradiation can be used without any restrictions. Specific examples include diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-one, benzyl dimethyl ketal, 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)one, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylone, 2-methyl-2-morpholino(4-thiomethylphenyl)propane-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butanone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl]propanone oligomers, and more. 2-Hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoyl)-benzyl]phenyl}-2-methyl-propane-1-one and other acetophenones; 1,2-octanedione, 1-[4-(phenylthio)-,2-(O-benzoyl oxime)] and acetophenones, 1-[9-ethyl-6-(2-methylbenzoyl)-9H-carbazole-3-yl]-,1-(O-acetyl oxime) and other oxime esters; benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether and benzoin isobutyl ether and other benzoin derivatives; diphenyl Benzophenones, including methyl benzoyl benzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyl-diphenyl sulfide, 3,3',4,4'-tetra(tert-butylperoxycarbonyl)benzophenone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-(1-oxo-2-propenoxy)ethyl]benzylmethane ammonium bromide, and (4-benzoylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride, etc.; 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 4-isopropylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethyl... Thioxanones, including 2,4-dichlorothioxanone, 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanone, and 2-(3-dimethylamino-2-hydroxy)-3,4-dimethyl-9H-thioxanone-9-one methyl chloride; acylphosphine oxides, including 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-pentylphosphine oxide, and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide; etc. Furthermore, as an auxiliary agent for polymerization initiators, it can be used in combination with triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, 4,4'-dimethylaminobenzophenone (milchone), 4,4'-diethylaminobenzophenone, 2-dimethylaminoethylbenzoic acid, ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (n-butoxy) ester, isoamyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2,4-diethylthioxanone, and 2,4-diisopropylthioxanone, etc.

[0304] The above polymerization initiators and auxiliaries can be synthesized by known methods or obtained in the form of commercially available products. Commercially available free radical photopolymerization initiators include BASF's IRGACURE (127, 651, 184, 819, 907, 1870 (CGI-403 / Irg184=7 / 3 mixed initiator, 500, 369, 1173, 2959, 4265, 4263, etc.), OXE01, etc.; Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.'s KAYACURE (DETX-S, BP-100, BDMK, CTX, BMS, 2-EAQ, ABQ, CPTX, EPD, ITX, QTX, BTC, MCA, etc.); and Sartomer Company, Inc.'s Esacure (KIP100F, KB1, EB3, BP, X33, KT046, KT37, KIP150, TZT), etc.

[0305] The content of the polymerization initiator in the composition used to form the adhesive layer 26 is not particularly limited, as long as it is appropriately adjusted within a range that allows the polymerization reaction of the polymeric compound to proceed well. When the composition used to form the adhesive layer contains a polymerization initiator, the content of the polymerization initiator relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymeric compound contained in the composition is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and even more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass.

[0306] The adhesive layer 26 may contain inorganic particles or resin particles. By including inorganic particles or resin particles in the adhesive layer 26, and forming an uneven surface on the adhesive layer 26, when the adhesive layer 26 is rolled up in a state of direct contact with the HC layer 14, friction between the adhesive layer 26 and the HC layer 14 can be reduced, thus allowing for wrinkle-free winding, which is therefore preferable. Furthermore, friction between the adhesive layer 26 and the substrate can be reduced, and air residue during pressing can be suppressed, which is also preferable.

[0307] As inorganic particles included in the adhesive layer 26, inorganic oxide particles are preferred, silica (silica) particles, alumina particles, titanium dioxide particles, or zirconium oxide particles are more preferred, and silica particles are even more preferred. As resin particles included in the adhesive layer 26, cross-linked acrylic particles, cross-linked acrylic-styrene particles, or cross-linked styrene particles are preferred.

[0308] The resin particles can be either spherical or irregularly shaped. Furthermore, two or more different matte particles can be used together. The average primary particle size of the resin particles is preferably 20% to 300% of the film thickness of the adhesive layer, more preferably 50% to 200%, and particularly preferably 100% to 200 μm. By setting the average primary particle size of the resin particles within the above range, the adhesive layer 26 can be given an uneven surface, and the resin particles can be prevented from falling off.

[0309] Organic resin particles are also available as commercially available products, such as those manufactured by Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd., including crosslinked acrylic resins MX-40T, MX-80H3wT, MX-150, MX-180TA, MX-300, MX-500, MX-1000, MX-1500H, MR-2HG, MR-7HG, MR-10HG, MR-3GSN, MR-5GSN, MR-7G, MR-10G, MR-5C, MR-7GC, and styrene resins SX-350H, SX-500H, and those from Sekisui Plastics. Co., Ltd. manufactures acrylic resins MBX-5, MBX-8, MBX-12, MBX-15, MBX-20, MB20X-5, MB30X-5, MB30X-8, MB30X-20, SBX-6, SBX-8, SBX-12, SBX-17; Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. manufactures polyolefin resins, CHEMIPEARL W100, W200, W300, W308, W310, W400, W401, W405, W410, W500, WF640, W700, W800, W900, W950, WP100, etc.

[0310] The content of resin particles in the adhesive layer 26 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, relative to the total mass of the adhesive layer 26. There is no particular upper limit, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less.

[0311] Inorganic particles are composed of primary particles, and preferably form secondary particles composed of the aggregation of these primary particles.

[0312] There is no particular limitation on the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles, but it is preferably 5 to 50 nm, and more preferably 5 to 15 nm.

[0313] There is no particular limitation on the average secondary particle size of inorganic particles, but it is preferably 100 to 500 nm.

[0314] The content of inorganic particles in the adhesive layer 26 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 9% by mass or more, relative to the total mass of the adhesive layer 26. There is no particular upper limit, but it is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less.

[0315] The average primary particle size of inorganic and resin particles was determined by observation using a transmission electron microscope. Specifically, for any 50 randomly selected primary particles, the diameters of the circles circumscribed around each particle were calculated, and their arithmetic mean was taken as the average primary particle size. The magnification of the transmission electron microscope was set to any magnification between 500,000 and 5,000,000 times, which is sufficient to distinguish the primary particle size.

[0316] The aforementioned average secondary particle size was measured using a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measuring device for true spherical fitting (refractive index 1.46). For example, the MicroTracMT3000 manufactured by MicrotracBEL Corp. can be used as the measuring device.

[0317] The adhesive layer 26 may contain a leveling agent.

[0318] As a leveling agent, known leveling agents can be used, for example, surfactants, wherein fluorinated surfactants or silicone surfactants are preferred.

[0319] The fluorine content in fluorinated surfactants is preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and even more preferably 7 to 25% by mass. From the viewpoint of uniformity of coating thickness or liquid saving, fluorinated surfactants with fluorine content in this range are effective.

[0320] There is no particular limitation on the content of leveling agent in adhesive layer 26, but it is preferably 0.005 to 0.5% by mass relative to the total mass of adhesive layer 26, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% by mass.

[0321] The adhesive layer 26 may contain an antistatic agent. By containing an antistatic agent in the adhesive layer 26, the generation of static electricity caused by friction between the adhesive layer 26 and the hand or air can be suppressed during the processing of the laminate, preventing environmental dust caused by static electricity from adhering to the surface of the adhesive layer 26 and reducing the generation of bubble-like defects caused by dust.

[0322] As an antistatic agent, it can be used with known antistatic agents, such as ionic liquids, ion-conducting polymers, ion-conducting fillers, and electrically conductive polymers.

[0323] <Ionic Liquids>

[0324] As an ionic liquid, a known ionic liquid can be used to the extent that it does not impair the effect of the adhesive layer 26. Here, "ionic liquid" refers to a molten salt (i.e., an ionic compound) that is liquid at 25°C.

[0325] The ionic liquid is preferably an ionic liquid composed of fluorine organic anions and onium cations. By using an ionic liquid composed of fluorine organic anions and onium cations, it is possible to further suppress the charging caused by friction with other objects.

[0326] As ionic liquids, examples include, for instance, 1-hexylpyridine bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridine trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridine pentafluoroethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridine heptafluoropropanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridine nonafluorobutanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridine trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridine bis(fluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-octyl-4-methylpyridine bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidine bis(fluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and 1-methyl-1-propanepyrrolidine bis(fluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. Pyrrolidine bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidine bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidine bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium heptafluoropropanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, trimethylpropylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, etc.

[0327] Ionic liquids, for example, can be obtained as IL-AP3 (HIROE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES CO.,LTD).

[0328] <Ion Conducting Polymers>

[0329] As an ion-conducting polymer, known ion-conducting polymers can be used to the extent that the effect of the adhesive layer 26 is not impaired.

[0330] Examples of ion-conducting polymers include, for instance, ion-conducting polymers obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing monomers having quaternary ammonium groups.

[0331] Ion-conducting polymers are available, for example, as the ACRIT 1SX series (e.g., trade name 1SX-1055F, TAISEIFINE CHEMICAL CO,.LTD.).

[0332] <Ion Conductive Packing>

[0333] As an ion-conducting filler, known ion-conducting fillers can be used within the range that the effect of the adhesive layer 26 is not impaired.

[0334] Examples of ion-conducting fillers include tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium, tin, antimony, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, chromium, titanium, iron, cobalt, copper iodide, ITO (indium oxide / tin oxide), and ATO (antimony oxide / tin oxide).

[0335] Ion-conducting fillers are available, for example, as part of the FS series (e.g., trade name FS-10D, ISHIHARA SANGYOKAISHA, LTD.).

[0336] <Electrically Conductive Polymers>

[0337] As an electrically conductive polymer, known electrically conductive polymers can be used to the extent that the effect of the adhesive layer 26 is not impaired.

[0338] Examples of electrically conductive polymers include, for example, polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyethyleneimine, and allylamine polymers. Specific examples of electrically conductive polymers include (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid).

[0339] As polythiophene, a polymeric compound containing PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) is preferred, and a conductive polymeric compound composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonic acid (hereinafter referred to as "PEDOT / PSS") is particularly preferred.

[0340] Commercially available polythiophene products include, for example, the Clevios series (Heraeus), the ORGACON series (Nippon Agfa Materials Co., Ltd.), DENATRON P-502RG (Nagase ChemteX Corporation), DENATRON PT-432ME, DENATRON N8-2-1, SEPLEGYDA AS-X (Shin-EtsuPolymer Co., Ltd.), SEPLEGYDA AS-D, SEPLEGYDA AS-H, SEPLEGYDA AS-F, SEPLEGYDA HC-R, SEPLEGYDA HC-A, SEPLEGYDA SAS-P, SEPLEGYDA SAS-M, and SEPLEGYDA SAS-F.

[0341] As an example of polyaniline, the ORMECON series (Nissan Chemical Corporation) can be cited.

[0342] Examples of polypyrroles include, for instance, 482552 (Aldrich) and 735817.

[0343] In this invention, the above-mentioned commercially available products are preferably used as electrically conductive polymers.

[0344] The adhesive layer 26 may contain a single antistatic agent or two or more antistatic agents.

[0345] From the viewpoint of antistatic properties, the content of antistatic agent relative to the total mass of adhesive layer 26 is preferably 0.1% to 20% by mass, more preferably 1% to 10% by mass, and especially preferably 3% to 10% by mass.

[0346] When the adhesive layer 26 contains an antistatic agent, the surface resistivity of the adhesive layer 26 is preferably 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 14 Ω / □ or less, more preferably 1.0×10 11 The surface resistance of the adhesive layer 26 is below Ω / □. With the surface resistance value of the adhesive layer 26 below the above, the generation of static electricity caused by friction between the adhesive layer 26 and the object can be further suppressed.

[0347] There is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the surface resistivity of the antistatic layer, but it is preferably 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 Ω / □ or higher, more preferably 1.0×10 7 Ω / □ and above.

[0348] The adhesive layer 26 is preferably formed by coating an adhesive layer forming composition.

[0349] The adhesive layer forming composition is a composition containing the above-mentioned components and used to form adhesive layer 26.

[0350] From the viewpoint of coating properties, the composition for forming the adhesive layer preferably contains a solvent.

[0351] There are no particular restrictions on the type of solvent; water and organic solvents are examples, with organic solvents being preferred. Examples of organic solvents include ketones, haloalkanes, amides, sulfoxides, heterocyclic compounds, hydrocarbons, esters, and ethers.

[0352] There are no particular limitations on the coating method of the composition for forming the adhesive layer. Examples include wire rod coating, curtain coating, extrusion coating, direct gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, mold coating, spin coating, dip coating, spray coating, and sliding coating.

[0353] The coating obtained by coating can be dried as needed.

[0354] As a drying process, heat treatment can be cited as an example. The heating temperature in the heat treatment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50–150°C, more preferably 60–140°C. The heating time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5–20 minutes, more preferably 0.5–10 minutes.

[0355] The surface of the formed adhesive layer 26 (the surface opposite to the reflective layer or polarization conversion layer) can be treated as needed.

[0356] For example, in order to reduce the water contact angle of the surface of the adhesive layer 26, the surface of the adhesive layer 26 can be subjected to a hydrophilic treatment. Examples of hydrophilic treatments include plasma treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, corona treatment, and electron beam irradiation treatment, with corona treatment being preferred.

[0357] The conditions for hydrophilization treatment can be appropriately selected according to the type of treatment being performed, and preferably adjusted to a range that makes the water contact angle of the surface of the adhesive layer 26 described above fall within a certain range.

[0358] From the viewpoint of bubble solubility and adhesion to the adhered material, reflective layer, or polarization conversion layer, the average thickness (film thickness) of the adhesive layer 26 is preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 0.2 μm or more, even more preferably 0.5 μm or more, and particularly preferably 1 μm or more. There is no particular upper limit, but from the viewpoint of thin film formation, it is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, and even more preferably 20 μm or less.

[0359] As a method for determining the average thickness, the adhesive layer 26 was cut with a slicer and a cross section was cut out. The cross section was observed using a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to measure the thickness of three different parts of the adhesive layer 26. The average value (arithmetic mean) of the measured values ​​was calculated as the average thickness.

[0360] In addition, the adhesive layer 26 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure with two or more layers.

[0361] When the adhesive layer 26 has a multi-layer structure, it is acceptable as long as the average value of the total thickness of the adhesive layer 26 is within the above range.

[0362] Furthermore, the surface of the adhesive layer 26 can be roughened. By roughening the surface, the surface of the adhesive layer 26 can be given unevenness, thereby suppressing air residue during pressing.

[0363] Examples of surface roughening processes include grinding, molding, and sandblasting. Grinding involves using a substrate such as a disc or conveyor belt that holds abrasive grains to create an uneven surface on the surface of the object being ground. Molding involves pressing a mold with a predetermined uneven shape under high temperature and pressure to transfer the shape, thereby creating an uneven surface. Sandblasting involves spraying abrasive grains to create an uneven surface on the surface of the object being blasted.

[0364] The laminate of the present invention is preferably used for bonding to glass via the adhesive layer 26, and more preferably for bonding to a windshield via the adhesive layer 26.

[0365] [Fitted Body]

[0366] The adhesive of the present invention has a substrate and a laminate of the present invention adhered to the substrate.

[0367] The substrate can have a curved surface, and various known substrates can be used. Examples include window glass, glass used for interior and exterior decoration of buildings, and curved glass used for lenses.

[0368] In this invention, for the reason that wrinkles can be suppressed between the adhesive layer and the bonded body (glass), it is preferable to have another glass bonded body on the side of the laminate of the invention opposite to the side with the bonded glass, that is, to apply the laminate of the invention to laminated glass.

[0369] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of an example of the fitting body of the present invention is shown in the figure.

[0370] The example of the bonding body is a laminate 10B having glass 27A and laminate 10B bonded to glass 27A, and further having a bonding body of glass 27B on the side of laminate 10B opposite to the side of laminate 10B to which glass 27A is bonded.

[0371] Furthermore, regarding the layer structure of the laminate 10B, from the glass 27A side, it has an adhesive layer 26, a transparent resin layer 16, a reflective layer 20, and an intermediate layer 19 in sequence.

[0372] Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is preferable to bond to the glass via an adhesive layer, but in the manner of bonding to laminated glass, such as Figure 6 As shown, it is sufficient to bond at least one piece of glass via an adhesive layer.

[0373] Another embodiment of the adhesive body of the present invention includes a windshield and a laminate of the present invention adhered to the windshield.

[0374] There are no restrictions on windshields; various types of windshields can be used as windshields (windproof glass) in automobiles, ships, aircraft, trams, two-wheeled vehicles, etc.

[0375] Therefore, a windshield can be a single piece of glass or a laminated glass composed of multiple layers of glass. Furthermore, laminated glass may or may not have an interlayer such as polyvinyl butyral.

[0376] In this invention, for the reason that wrinkles can be suppressed between the adhesive layer and the adhered body (windshield), it is preferable to have another windshield adhered body on the side of the laminate of the invention opposite to the side with which the windshield is adhered, that is, to apply the laminate of the invention to a windshield made of laminated glass.

[0377] This type of adhesive body of the present invention is preferably manufactured by the manufacturing method of the adhesive body of the present invention shown below.

[0378] Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention conceptually illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing the adhesive body.

[0379] In the following description, we will use the case of attaching the laminate of the present invention to a windshield as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various known adhesives can be used.

[0380] As an example of a substrate other than a windshield, various glass or resin substrates mentioned above can be cited.

[0381] In the method for manufacturing the adhesive body of the present invention, firstly, as... Figure 2 As shown in the upper section, the windshield 28 and the laminate 10 of the present invention are laminated. At this time, the adhesive layer 26 of the laminate 10 is laminated opposite to the windshield 28.

[0382] Next, as Figure 2 As shown in the second paragraph, it is contained in... Figure 7 The example shown is the same as that of the rubber bag, etc., in bag 106.

[0383] Here, based on the curvature of the windshield, when stacking the laminate 10 of the present invention, the laminate 10 is made to follow the curved shape of the windshield 28, therefore, as Figure 3 As shown in the upper section, wrinkles sometimes occur in the laminate 10.

[0384] To suppress the aforementioned wrinkles, the bending stiffness coefficient S of the laminate 10 of the present invention is preferably 0.4 × 10⁻⁶. 6 [GPa·μm 3 More preferably, it is 0.5 × 10⁻⁶.6 [GPa·μm 3 The above describes how the laminated body 10, possessing the aforementioned bending stiffness coefficient, will not experience large localized wrinkles due to pressure from the bag 106. Figure 3 As shown in the middle section, the surface is covered with small wrinkles and is pressed by bag 106.

[0385] Then, the heating and pressing process is performed in the same way as before. That is, by depressurizing and heating the inside of the bag 106, the laminate 10 is pressed by the bag 106, and as a result, the laminate 10 is pressed and heated to be pressed onto the windshield 28.

[0386] A sheet of film, rubber, or cloth can be sandwiched between the laminate 10 and the bag 106 and then heated and pressed together. By sandwiching such a sheet and then heating and pressing together, indentations caused by dust mixed between the laminate 10 and the bag 106 being pressed onto the laminate 10 can be suppressed. Furthermore, in cases where the laminate 10 and the bag 106 have poor sliding properties, sandwiching a sheet with good sliding properties relative to both the laminate 10 and the bag 106 can reduce uneven degassing.

[0387] The material of the aforementioned membrane is not particularly limited. For example, acrylic resin membranes, polycarbonate (PC) resin membranes, triacetyl cellulose (TAC) resin membranes and other cellulose ester resin membranes, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin membranes, polyolefin resin membranes, polyester resin membranes and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer membranes are preferred from the viewpoint of heat resistance.

[0388] From the viewpoint of improving slip properties, the aforementioned film can have an uneven surface. This unevenness can be achieved using known methods such as adding a matting agent to the film or performing an embossing process.

[0389] From the viewpoint of reducing the adhesion of foreign matter during heat pressing, the above-mentioned film is preferably subjected to an antistatic treatment on its surface. The antistatic treatment can be carried out by known methods such as adding antistatic agents.

[0390] The materials of the aforementioned rubbers are not particularly limited. Examples include butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), isoprene rubber (IR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), butyl rubber (IIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), silicone rubber, and fluororubber. From the viewpoint of heat resistance, EPDM rubber, silicone rubber, and fluororubber are preferred. These can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0391] From the perspective of improving slip resistance, the aforementioned rubber can have an uneven surface. This unevenness can be achieved through known methods such as adding matting agents to the rubber or performing embossing processes.

[0392] From the viewpoint of reducing the adhesion of foreign matter during heat pressing, the aforementioned rubber is preferably subjected to an antistatic treatment on its surface. The antistatic treatment can be implemented using known methods such as adding antistatic agents.

[0393] Rubber can be used to make films using known methods, or commercially available products can be used. Examples of commercially available rubbers include EB240N, EB250N, EB260N, EB270N, EB280W, EB265N, EB565N, EB360E2 (these are EPDM rubbers, manufactured by Maxell Kureha Corporation), SW940D, SW950D, SW960D, SW970D, SR950D, SR930T, SR940T, SH950T, SW955T (these are silicone rubbers, manufactured by Maxell Kureha Corporation), FB750N, FB760N, FB770N, FB780N, FB880N, and FB970N (these are fluororubbers, manufactured by Maxell Kureha Corporation).

[0394] From the viewpoint of reducing the generation and adhesion of foreign matter during heating and pressing, the above-mentioned fabric is preferably formed from a dust-free fabric, and from the viewpoint of antistatic, conductive carbon fibers are preferably sewn in.

[0395] Fabric can be made using known methods or commercially available products. Examples of commercially available fabrics include HM-CLC (manufactured by Tanimura Corporation).

[0396] The dimensions of the aforementioned film, rubber, or cloth are preferably the same as or larger than those of the laminate 10, so that the pressure of the bag 106 can be evenly transferred to the laminate 10.

[0397] The dimensions of the aforementioned film, rubber, or cloth can be the same as or larger than those of the windshield 28.

[0398] In addition, vacuum heating and pressing can be performed. The vacuum degree and heating temperature can be set appropriately according to the heat resistance of the forming material of the adhesive layer 26, the forming material of other laminates 10, and the thickness of the laminate 10.

[0399] After the heating and pressing process is complete, remove the laminate 10 and the windshield 28 from the bag, as shown below. Figure 2As shown in the third paragraph, similarly to before, the laminate 10 and the windshield 28 are further heated and pressed together using an autoclave.

[0400] After the autoclave-based heating and pressing process is completed, as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the lower section, the laminate is removed from the autoclave and cooled.

[0401] Here, in the laminate 10 of the present invention, as described above, the oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate is 300 cc / m. 2 •day •atm and below. Therefore, as Figure 3 As shown in the lower section, the bubble-like defects are eliminated by heating and pressurizing in an autoclave.

[0402] In addition, the pressure and heating temperature in the autoclave can be appropriately set according to the heat resistance of the forming material of the adhesive layer 26, the forming material of other laminates 10, and the thickness of the laminate 10.

[0403] The image display system of the present invention has the stack of the present invention and an image display device for projecting an image onto the stack of the present invention.

[0404] Figure 4 The present invention is conceptually illustrated as an example of utilizing the image display system of the present invention in a head-up display system. In the following description, the head-up display system will also be referred to as a HUD.

[0405] Figure 4 The HUD30 shown has the laminate 10A and projector 32 of the present invention.

[0406] like Figure 5 As shown conceptually, the laminate 10A is attached to the windshield 28 with the adhesive layer 26 located on the side of the windshield 28.

[0407] Laminated body 10A is to Figure 1 The laminate shown is obtained by peeling off the protective film 12 after the laminate 10 is attached to the windshield 28.

[0408] Figure 4 The projector 32 shown is configured to have an image forming unit 34, an intermediate image screen 36, a reflector 38, and a concave mirror 40.

[0409] exist Figure 4 In the HUD30 shown, as indicated by the single-dot dash, the projected light projected by the projector 32 passes through the light-transmitting window 46 provided on the dashboard 42 of the vehicle equipped with the HUD30 and enters the laminate 10A attached to the windshield 28, and is reflected by the reflective layer 20, so that it can be observed by the driver D (single-dot dash).

[0410] In addition, similar to known HUDs, in the HUD30 shown in the figure, the driver D also observes a virtual image of the image projected onto the windshield 28.

[0411] The image forming unit 34 includes an LCD 50 (Liquid Crystal Display) and a projection lens 52.

[0412] Both LCD 50 and projection lens 52 are known components used in HUD projectors. The image forming unit 34 projects the image displayed on LCD 50 onto the intermediate image screen 36 via projection lens 52.

[0413] In the projector 32, the projected image is rendered into a real image through the intermediate image screen 36, and then reflected onto a predetermined optical path by the reflector 38 and the concave mirror 40. As described above, the reflected light is transmitted through the light-transmitting window 46 disposed on the instrument panel 42 and incident on the laminate 10A and is reflected, so that the projected image is observed by the driver D.

[0414] As a preferred embodiment, the LCD50 displays an image (projected image) of p-polarized light. That is, as a preferred embodiment, in the HUD30 of the present invention, the projector 32 illuminates the projected light of p-polarized light.

[0415] Therefore, when the LCD50 is not displaying p-polarized projection light, it is preferable, for example, to place a polarizer midway through the optical path of the projection light from the LCD50 to the concave mirror 40 to make the projection light from the LCD50 p-polarized. A known polarizer can be used.

[0416] Alternatively, a polarizer that makes the projected light from the LCD50 p-polarized light can be set outside the projector 32, i.e., midway through the optical path of the projected light from the concave mirror 40 to the windshield 28.

[0417] As an example, in the laminate 10A of the figure, a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer is used as the reflective layer 20.

[0418] Furthermore, in the example of the laminate 10A shown in the figure, the phase retardation layer 18 is a quarter-wave plate. This quarter-wave plate converts the incident p-polarized light into circularly polarized light in the cyclotron direction, which is selectively reflected by the reflective layer 20, i.e., the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer.

[0419] Therefore, in the laminate 10A, p-polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light by the phase difference layer 18, the circularly polarized light is reflected by the reflective layer 20, and the circularly polarized light is restored to p-polarized light by the phase difference layer 18. Thus, the laminate 10A selectively reflects p-polarized light.

[0420] As is well known, polarized sunglasses selectively block S-polarized light. Therefore, by projecting p-polarized light from the projector 32, a p-polarized image can be projected, allowing the driver D to observe the image projected by the HUD 30 even when wearing polarized sunglasses.

[0421] Furthermore, in the projector constituting the HUD of the present invention, the image forming unit 34 is not limited to the image forming unit using the LCD 50, and can utilize various known image forming mechanisms used in the HUD projector.

[0422] As an example, various known image forming mechanisms can be used in HUD projectors (imagers), such as fluorescent display tubes, LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) displays using liquid crystals, organic electroluminescent (organic EL) displays, and DLP (Digital Light Processing) displays using DMD (Digital Micromirror Device). In these image forming mechanisms, similar to LCD50, the projected image is projected onto the intermediate image screen 36 through a projection lens.

[0423] Furthermore, the image forming mechanism of the image forming unit 34 can also utilize an image forming mechanism based on light beam scanning.

[0424] The projected light emitted from the image forming unit 34 is then visualized by the intermediate image screen 36.

[0425] There are no limitations on the intermediate image screen 36; various known intermediate image screens that can be used to realize the projected image in a HUD projector can be employed. Specifically, examples of intermediate image screens 36 include scattering films, microlens arrays, and screens for rear projection.

[0426] As described above, the projected light, which is realized by the intermediate image screen 36, is reflected by the reflector 38 and the concave mirror 40 onto a predetermined light path, transmitted through the light-transmitting window 46 set in the instrument panel 42, and projected onto the laminate 10A attached to the windshield 28, so that it can be observed by the driver D (refer to the single-dot dashed line).

[0427] The reflector 38 is a known reflector used in projectors to adjust the optical path of the projected light. Furthermore, the reflector 38 can also be a so-called cold light mirror, which prevents heating of the components of the projector 32 caused by sunlight entering from the windshield by reflecting visible light and transmitting infrared light.

[0428] On the other hand, the concave mirror 40 is a known concave mirror used in HUD projectors that magnify and project the projection light.

[0429] In addition, the projector 32 in the figure example uses a reflector 38 and a concave mirror 40 as components to change the optical path of the projected light, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0430] For example, the projector 32 may have only one of the reflector 38 and the concave mirror 40, or it may have one or more other light-reflecting elements such as a freeform surface reflector in addition to or in place of the reflector 38 and / or the concave mirror 40.

[0431] That is, the projector constituting the HUD of the present invention can utilize a structure that uses various light-reflecting elements.

[0432] As described above, the projector 32 emits p-polarized projection light.

[0433] The projected p-polarized light, projected by the projector 32 and transmitted through the transmission window 46, passes through the hard coating layer 14 and the transparent resin layer 16 and is incident on the retardation layer 18. As described above, the retardation layer 18 is a quarter-wave plate that converts the incident p-polarized projected light into circularly polarized light in the cyclotron direction, which is selectively reflected by the reflective layer 20 (cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer).

[0434] The projected light of the circularly polarized light converted by the phase difference layer 18 is reflected by the reflective layer 20, and then incident on the phase difference layer 18 again, where it is converted back into the original p-polarized light.

[0435] The projected light, converted to p-polarized light by the polarization conversion layer 24, illuminates the observation position based on driver D. Here, since the projected image is p-polarized light, as described above, the projected image can be properly observed even when driver D is wearing polarized sunglasses.

[0436] Furthermore, as described above, the laminate of the present invention can be adhered to a curved surface such as a windshield 28 without producing wrinkles or the like. Therefore, the HUD 30, which reflects the projection light from the projector 32 through the laminate 10A, which is the laminate of the present invention, can project a high-quality image that is free from image distortion caused by wrinkles or the like of the laminate 10A, regardless of whether polarized sunglasses are worn.

[0437] On the other hand, when s-polarized light, which becomes glare due to reflected light from puddles and reflected light from the hood, is incident from outside the vehicle, the s-polarized light passes through the windshield 28 and is incident on the laminate 10A, and passes through the adhesive layer 26 and is incident on the polarization conversion layer 24.

[0438] S-polarized light incident on the polarization conversion layer 24 is converted into elliptically polarized light with a cyclic direction corresponding to the s-polarized light, for example, by the helical structure of the liquid crystal compound in the polarization conversion layer 24.

[0439] Elliptically polarized light, after passing through polarization conversion layer 24, is then incident on reflective layer 20.

[0440] As described above, the reflective layer 20 is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that selectively reflects circularly polarized light converted from p-polarized light by the phase difference layer 18. Therefore, elliptically polarized light in the cyclotron direction corresponding to s-polarized light is transmitted through the reflective layer 20. Furthermore, through the transmission of the reflective layer 20 (cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer), the elliptically polarized light in the cyclotron direction corresponding to s-polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light in the cyclotron direction corresponding to s-polarized light.

[0441] Circularly polarized light from the transmission and reflection layer 20 is incident on the phase difference layer 18.

[0442] As described above, the retardation layer 18 is a quarter-wave plate that converts p-polarized light into circularly polarized light selectively reflected by the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer constituting the reflective layer 20. Therefore, circularly polarized light with a cycloid direction corresponding to the s-polarized light incident on the retardation layer 18 is transmitted through the retardation layer 18 and converted into s-polarized light.

[0443] The s-polarized light incident from outside the vehicle, which causes glare, is transmitted through the laminate 10A in an s-polarized state. Therefore, even if this s-polarized light reaches the driver D, it will be blocked by polarized sunglasses. That is, because the laminate of the present invention has a polarization conversion layer, when used in a HUD, it can compensate for the changes in polarization of external light caused by the phase difference layer and the reflective layer, so that the s-polarized light incident from outside the vehicle, which causes glare, is transmitted in an s-polarized state, thereby enabling glare blocking using polarized sunglasses.

[0444] Furthermore, the image display system of the present invention is not limited to a HUD as shown in the example figure.

[0445] That is, as long as the image display system of the present invention has the stack of the present invention and the image display device that projects an image onto the stack of the present invention, it can be used in various known image display systems.

[0446] The above provides a detailed description of the laminate, the bonding body, the image display system, and the manufacturing method of the bonding body of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Of course, various improvements or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0447] Example

[0448] The following examples illustrate the features of the present invention in more detail. The materials, reagents, quantities, proportions, and operations shown in the following examples can be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0449] <Preparation of Transparent Resin Layer 1>

[0450] As a UV absorber, UV-531 manufactured by TAISEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. was used, with an addition amount of 3 phr (per hundred resin). Otherwise, a cellulose acylated ester film with a thickness of 40 μm was prepared using the same preparation method as in Example 20 of International Publication No. 2014 / 112575.

[0451] The prepared cellulose acylated membrane was passed through a dielectric heating roller at 60°C to raise the surface temperature of the membrane to 40°C. Then, an alkaline solution with the following composition was applied using a bar coater at a coating rate of 14 mL / m. 2 The coating is applied to one side of the film and held for 10 seconds in a steam-type far-infrared heater (manufactured by Noritake Co., Ltd.) heated to 110°C.

[0452] Next, 3 ml / m of pure water was coated using a bar coater in the same manner. 2 .

[0453] Next, after repeated water washing based on a spray coating machine and dehydration based on an air knife three times, the product was dried in a drying zone at 70°C for 5 seconds to produce a transparent resin layer 1.

[0454] ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0455] Composition of alkaline solutions

[0456] ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0457] 4.7 parts by weight of potassium hydroxide

[0458] 15.7 parts by weight of water

[0459] · Isopropanol 64.8 parts by weight

[0460] Surfactants (C) 16 H 33 O(CH2CH2O) 10 H) 1.0 parts by weight

[0461] ·Propylene glycol 14.9 parts by weight

[0462] ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0463] <Making of Protective Film P-1>

[0464] Novatec HF560 (manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation) is prepared as the resin constituting the substrate layer. Ultracen 750 (manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION) is prepared as the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer constituting the adhesive layer. Furthermore, Novatec LC522 (manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation) is prepared as the polyethylene resin constituting the adhesive layer.

[0465] Next, a resin mixture for the adhesive layer was prepared by blending the above-mentioned ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and the above-mentioned polyethylene resin at a mass ratio of 50:50. Then, using a T-type composite film forming machine equipped with two extruders, the resin constituting the substrate layer and the resin mixture for the adhesive layer were loaded into the extruders respectively, and the discharge rate of each extruder was adjusted so that the substrate layer thickness ratio was 96% and the adhesive thickness ratio was 4% (220°C). A protective film P-1 as a two-layer laminated film (polyethylene film / adhesive layer) was produced with a film thickness of 300 μm.

[0466] <Making of Protective Film P-2>

[0467] A 16 μm thick PET film (16KS40, manufactured by TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) was prepared as the substrate layer, and MF-58 (12 μm thick, manufactured by TOMOEGAWA CORPORATION) was prepared as the adhesive layer. After peeling off the light release film of MF-58, a 2 kg load was applied by a rubber roller while bonding the exposed adhesive layer to the surface of the PET film, thereby producing a protective film P-2 with a structure of PET film / adhesive layer / heavy release film.

[0468] <Making of Protective Film P-3>

[0469] A 75μm thick PET film (Lumirror T60, manufactured by TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) was used as the substrate layer. Otherwise, protective film P-3 was manufactured in the same manner as protective film P-2.

[0470] <Making of Protective Film P-4>

[0471] A 125μm thick PET film (Lumirror T60, manufactured by TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) was used as the substrate layer. Otherwise, protective film P-4 was manufactured in the same manner as protective film P-2.

[0472] <Making of Protective Film P-5>

[0473] A 250 μm thick PET film (Lumirror T60, manufactured by TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) was used as the substrate layer. Otherwise, protective film P-5 was manufactured in the same manner as protective film P-2.

[0474] <Making of Protective Film P-6>

[0475] A 12μm thick PET film with an alumina layer (Barrier Lokks 1011SBR2, manufactured by TORAY ADVANCEDFILM CO., LTD.) was used as the substrate layer. Otherwise, protective film P-6 was manufactured in the same manner as protective film P-2.

[0476] <Making of Protective Film P-7>

[0477] Except that the film thickness was set to 200 μm, protective film P-7 was fabricated in the same manner as protective film P-1.

[0478] [Preparation of substrate]

[0479] <Preparation of Substrate 1>

[0480] The adhesive layer of the protective film P-1 is bonded to the side of the transparent resin layer 1 opposite to the side treated with the alkaline solution by applying a 2kg load with a rubber roller in a surface contact manner, thereby creating a substrate 1 with a structure of polyethylene film / adhesive layer / transparent resin layer 1.

[0481] <Making of Substrate 2>

[0482] After peeling off the protective film P-2, the exposed adhesive layer is applied to the side of the transparent resin layer 1 opposite to the side treated with the alkaline solution by applying a 2kg load with a rubber roller in a surface contact manner, thereby producing a substrate 2 with a structure of PET film / adhesive layer / transparent resin layer 1.

[0483] <Preparation of Substrate 3>

[0484] Protective film P-3 was used instead of protective film P-2, and substrate 3 was otherwise made in the same manner as substrate 2.

[0485] (Making of substrate 4)

[0486] Protective film P-4 was used instead of protective film P-2, and substrate 4 was otherwise made in the same manner as substrate 2.

[0487] <Preparation of Substrate 5>

[0488] Protective film P-5 was used instead of protective film P-2, and substrate 5 was otherwise made in the same manner as substrate 2.

[0489] <Preparation of Substrate 6>

[0490] Protective film P-6 was used instead of protective film P-2. Otherwise, substrate 6 was made in the same manner as substrate 2.

[0491] <Fabrication of Substrate 7>

[0492] (Preparation of curable composition for hard coating (HC layer) formation)

[0493] The components were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1 below and filtered using a polypropylene filter with a pore size of 10 μm to prepare a curable composition HC-1 for HC layer formation.

[0494] The amount of each component shown in Table 2 is expressed in parts by mass.

[0495] [Table 1]

[0496] Additionally, PAG-1 is the following compound.

[0497] [Chemical Formula 3]

[0498] <Formation of Hard Coating>

[0499] The transparent resin layer 1 prepared above is coated with the curing composition HC-1 for forming an HC layer on the side opposite to the side treated with the alkali solution and then cured to form an HC1 layer with a film thickness of 6 μm.

[0500] Specifically, the coating and curing methods are as follows. Using the slot die coating method described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-122889, the curing composition HC-1 for forming an HC layer was coated at a conveying speed of 30 m / min and dried at an atmosphere temperature of 60°C for 60 seconds to obtain a coating film. Then, the coating film was further irradiated with an illuminance of 150 mW / cm² using a gas-cooled metal halide lamp (manufactured by EYE GRAPHICS Co., Ltd.) with an oxygen concentration of approximately 0.1% by volume and a 160 W / cm² intensity under nitrogen purging. 2Irradiation dose 600mJ / cm 2 The ultraviolet light causes the coating to cure and form an HC layer, thus obtaining a film HC1 with an HC layer / transparent resin layer 1 structure.

[0501] After peeling off the protective film P-4, the exposed adhesive layer is applied to the HC layer side of the film HC1 by applying a 2kg load with a rubber roller in a surface contact manner, thereby creating a substrate 7 with a structure of PET film / adhesive layer / HC layer / transparent resin layer 1.

[0502] <Fabrication of Substrate 8>

[0503] (Preparation of compositions for forming reflective layers, compositions for forming phase retardation layers, and compositions for forming polarization conversion layers)

[0504] The components were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 2 below and filtered through a polypropylene filter with a pore size of 10 μm to prepare compositions BG1, R1 and IR1 for forming a reflective layer, composition A1 for forming a phase difference layer, and composition TW1 for forming a polarization conversion layer.

[0505] The amount of each component shown in Table 2 is expressed in parts by mass.

[0506] In addition, mixture 1, orientation control agent 1 and orientation control agent 2 are the following compounds.

[0507] [Chemical Formula 4]

[0508] [Chemical Formula 5]

[0509] [Chemical Formula 6]

[0510] [Table 2]

[0511] (Formation of the orientation film)

[0512] On the alkaline-treated surface of the transparent resin layer 1 obtained above, a wire bar coater is used at a speed of 24 mL / m. 2 An alignment film forming coating solution with the composition shown below was applied and dried with warm air at 100°C for 120 seconds to obtain an alignment film with a thickness of 0.5 μm.

[0513] ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0514] Composition of coating solution for oriented film formation

[0515] ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0516] • The following 28 parts by weight of modified polyvinyl alcohol

[0517] • Citrate (AS3, manufactured by SANKYO CHEMICAL CO.,LTD.) 1.2 parts by weight

[0518] • Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 2959, manufactured by BASF) 0.84 parts by weight

[0519] Glutaraldehyde 2.8 parts by weight

[0520] · 699 parts by weight of water

[0521] ·Methanol 226 parts by weight

[0522] ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0523] (Modified polyvinyl alcohol)

[0524] [Chemical Formula 7]

[0525] (Fabrication of reflective film)

[0526] The orientation film produced above was subjected to friction treatment along a direction of 45° clockwise rotation with reference to the long side of the substrate (artificial fiber cloth, pressure: 0.1 kgf (0.98 N), rotation speed: 1000 rpm (revolutions per minute), conveying speed: 10 m / min, number of times: 1 reciprocation).

[0527] On the oriented film surface that has been rubbed as described above, the reflective layer forming composition IR1 is coated at room temperature using a wire bar to make the thickness of the dried film 0.4 μm, thereby obtaining a coating layer.

[0528] After drying the coating at room temperature for 30 seconds, it was heated at 85°C for 2 minutes. Then, in an environment with an oxygen concentration below 1000 ppm, the coating was irradiated with ultraviolet light for 6–12 seconds at 60°C using a Fusion D bulb (90 mW / cm) at 60% output to fix the cholesterol-type liquid crystal phase, resulting in a 0.4 μm thick cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer IR1.

[0529] Next, the same process was repeated on the surface of the obtained cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer IR1 using the reflective layer forming composition BG1, thereby stacking a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer BG1 with a thickness of 0.84 μm.

[0530] Next, the same process was repeated on the surface of the obtained cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer BG1 using a reflective layer forming composition R1, thereby stacking a cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer R1 with a thickness of 0.36 μm.

[0531] Thus, a membrane A1 with the structure of R1 / BG1 / IR1 / transparent resin layer 1 was obtained. The transmission spectrum of membrane A1 was measured using a spectrophotometer (JASCO Corporation, V-670), and the results showed that it had a selective reflection center wavelength at 515 nm, 685 nm, and 775 nm.

[0532] <Formation of Hard Coating>

[0533] On the side of film A1 opposite to the liquid crystal layer, a curable composition HC-1 for forming HC layer is coated in the same manner as the substrate 7, and cured to form an HC1 layer with a film thickness of 6 μm, thereby obtaining film HC2 having a structure of HC layer / transparent resin layer 1 / IR1 / BG1 / R1.

[0534] After peeling off the protective film P-4, the exposed adhesive layer is applied to the HC layer side of the film HC2 with a 2kg load using a rubber roller in a surface contact manner, thereby creating a substrate 8 with a structure of PET film / adhesive layer / HC layer / transparent resin layer 1 / IR1 / BG1 / R1.

[0535] <Fabrication of Substrate 9>

[0536] After applying a phase retardation layer forming composition A1 to the rubbed alignment film surface using a wire rod, and drying it, the film is cured under the following conditions, and a reflective layer forming composition IR1 is applied to the cured phase retardation layer A1. Otherwise, a substrate 9 having a structure of PET film / adhesive layer / HC layer / transparent resin layer 1 / A1 / IR1 / BG1 / R1 is produced in the same manner as substrate 8.

[0537] <Curing conditions for composition A1 for forming phase retardation layer>

[0538] After coating and drying the phase retardation layer forming composition A1 to obtain a coating film, it is placed on a hot plate at 50°C and heated in an environment with an oxygen concentration of less than 1000 ppm using an electrodeless lamp "D bulb" (60 mW / cm²) manufactured by Fusion UV Systems. 2The coating is irradiated with ultraviolet light for 6 seconds, thereby forming a phase retardation layer. This yields a phase retardation layer with its thickness adjusted to achieve the desired positive phase retardation, i.e., the desired delay.

[0539] The delay at 550 nm of the fabricated retardation layer was measured using an AxoScan manufactured by Axometrics, and the result was 126 nm.

[0540] <Preparation of Substrate 10>

[0541] A polarization conversion layer TW1 with a thickness of 1.5 μm is applied to the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer R1. In addition, a laminate of substrate 11 with a structure of PET film / adhesive layer / HC layer / transparent resin layer 1 / A1 / IR1 / BG1 / R1 / TW1 is fabricated in the same manner as substrate 9.

[0542] Furthermore, regarding the polarization conversion layer TW1, after coating the polarization conversion layer forming composition TW1 onto the cholesterol-type liquid crystal layer R1 at room temperature using a wire rod, the coating was dried at room temperature for 30 seconds and then heated at 85°C for 2 minutes. Then, in an environment with an oxygen concentration below 1000 ppm, the coating was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 60°C using a Fusion D lamp (90 mW / cm) at 60% output for 6–12 seconds, thereby forming the polarization conversion layer.

[0543] <Making of Substrate 11>

[0544] The substrate 11 was manufactured according to the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-506837.

[0545] Using ethylene glycol as the diol, a copolyester of 2,6-poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) and naphthalate 70 / terephthalate 30 (coPEN) was synthesized in a standard polyester resin synthesis reactor. After extruding monolayer films of PEN and coPEN, they were stretched at approximately 150°C with a draw ratio of 5:1 and then heat-treated at approximately 230°C for 30 seconds. The refractive index of PEN relative to the slow axis (orientation axis) was confirmed to be approximately 1.86, and the refractive index relative to the transverse axis was 1.64; the refractive index of the coPEN film was approximately 1.64.

[0546] Next, it was confirmed that by adjusting the stretching ratio, the refractive index of PEN related to the slow axis was approximately 1.71, the refractive index related to the transverse axis was 1.64, and the refractive index of the coPEN film was approximately 1.64. That is, the difference Δn between the refractive index of the optical anisotropic layer in the slow axis direction and the refractive index of the isotropic layer was 0.07.

[0547] Next, using a 25-groove supply block equipped with a standard extrusion die, PEN and coPEN are extruded simultaneously, thereby forming a layer with 16 alternating layers of PEN and coPEN of the film thickness shown in Table 3(1) below. Furthermore, by repeating the same operation, 16 alternating layers of PEN and coPEN of the thicknesses shown in Table 3(2) to (6) are formed sequentially, thereby producing a laminate consisting of a total of 96 layers.

[0548] [Table 3]

[0549] Next, the stretched laminate was heat-treated in an air oven at approximately 230°C for 30 seconds to fabricate substrate 11. The thickness of the fabricated substrate 11 was 50 μm. The reflectance spectrum of the substrate 11 was measured using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, V-670), and the results showed reflectance spectra with reflectance peaks at 450 nm, 550 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 750 nm, and 800 nm.

[0550] <Fabrication of Substrate 12>

[0551] Except that the thickness was set to 100 μm, the substrate 12 was fabricated in the same manner as the substrate 11.

[0552] <Making of Substrate 13>

[0553] Protective film P-7 was used instead of protective film P-1. Otherwise, substrate 13 was made in the same manner as substrate 1.

[0554] [Example 1]

[0555] <Preparation of Compositions for Adhesive Layer Formation>

[0556] The components were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 4 below, and filtered through a polypropylene filter with a pore size of 10 μm to prepare adhesive layer forming compositions HS1 to HS5.

[0557] The amount of each component shown in Table 4 below is expressed in parts by mass.

[0558] [Table 4]

[0559] [Creation of Layered Bodies]

[0560] <Formation of the adhesive layer>

[0561] Using a wire rod, the adhesive layer forming composition HS1 is applied to the side of the substrate 1 (polyethylene film / adhesive layer / transparent resin layer 1) opposite to the protective film P-1 (polyethylene film / adhesive layer) in such a way that the dried film thickness is 0.5 μm. The coating film is then dried at 120°C for 1 minute.

[0562] Then, under nitrogen purging, the coating was further irradiated with an illuminance of 150 mW / cm² using a gas-cooled metal halide lamp (manufactured by EYE GRAPHICS Co., Ltd.) with an oxygen concentration of approximately 0.1% by volume and a power of 160 W / cm². 2 Irradiation dose 300mJ / cm 2 The ultraviolet light cured the coating, thereby creating the laminate of Example 1 with a structure of protective film P-1 / transparent resin layer / adhesive layer.

[0563] [Examples 2-6 and 13-16]

[0564] Substrate 2 to 10 were used instead of substrate 1. Otherwise, the laminates of Examples 2 to 6 and 13 to 16 were made in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0565] [Example 7]

[0566] The adhesive layer was coated in such a way that the thickness was 1.0 μm. Otherwise, the laminate of Example 7 was made in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0567] [Example 8]

[0568] The adhesive layer was coated to a thickness of 5.0 μm. Otherwise, the laminate of Example 8 was made in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0569] [Example 9]

[0570] The adhesive layer was coated in such a way that the thickness was 10.0 μm. Otherwise, the laminate of Example 9 was made in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0571] [Example 10]

[0572] The adhesive layer was coated in such a way that the thickness was 20.0 μm. Otherwise, the laminate of Example 10 was made in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0573] [Example 11]

[0574] The adhesive layer was coated in such a way that the thickness was 10.0 μm. Otherwise, the laminate of Example 11 was made in the same manner as in Example 4.

[0575] [Example 12]

[0576] The adhesive layer was coated in such a way that the thickness was 20.0 μm. Otherwise, the laminate of Example 12 was made in the same manner as in Example 5.

[0577] [Example 17]

[0578] The laminate of Example 17, which has a structure of substrate 11 / adhesive layer, was otherwise made in the same manner as in Example 9, using substrate 11 instead of substrate 1.

[0579] [Example 18]

[0580] The adhesive layer was coated to achieve a thickness of 50.0 μm. Otherwise, the laminate of Example 18 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 17.

[0581] [Example 19]

[0582] The laminate of Example 19, which has a structure of substrate 12 / adhesive layer, was otherwise made in the same manner as in Example 18, using substrate 12 instead of substrate 11.

[0583] [Comparative Example 1]

[0584] The laminate of Comparative Example 1 was made in the same manner as in Example 1, except that substrate 13 was used instead of substrate 1.

[0585] [evaluate]

[0586] [Determination of oxygen permeability coefficient]

[0587] The oxygen permeability coefficient was determined according to ISO 15105-2 (isobaric method) as follows.

[0588] On the electrodes of the testing machine (Hach Ultra Analytics oxygen generator model 3600), at 25°C and 50% RH, the substrates of the examples and comparative examples were attached with silicone grease. After purging with N2 for 2 hours, they were exposed to the atmosphere and allowed to stand for 90 minutes until the oxygen concentration reached a stable state. If the oxygen concentration did not reach a stable state within 90 minutes, it was allowed to stand for an additional 90 minutes. The oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate was calculated based on the oxygen content of the electrode at which the oxygen concentration reached a stable state. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0589] [Determination of tensile modulus of elasticity]

[0590] The tensile modulus of elasticity was determined according to the method described in JIS K7127, by conducting tests and calculations as follows. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0591] Using one direction of the in-plane direction of the laminated body in the embodiments and comparative examples as a reference, specimens with a width of 10 mm and a length of 150 mm were cut along each direction when rotated 45° clockwise from that direction. The cut specimens were placed in a tensile testing machine (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd., trade name "STROGRAPH-R2") with a clamp spacing of 100 mm in the measurement direction. Under the condition of measurement temperature of 25°C, the specimens were stretched at a tensile speed of 300 mm / min by widening the clamp spacing, thereby obtaining stress-strain curves. The tensile modulus of elasticity was calculated by linear regression of the curve between the strains ε1=0.0005 and ε2=0.0025 at two specified points.

[0592] When the in-plane direction of the laminate corresponding to the length direction of the test piece that represents the largest tensile modulus of elasticity among the above-mentioned test pieces is designated as the first direction, and the direction orthogonal to the first direction is designated as the second direction, the average value of the tensile modulus of elasticity in the first direction and the tensile modulus of elasticity in the second direction is designated as the average tensile modulus of elasticity of the laminate.

[0593] [Measurement of film thickness]

[0594] The film thickness was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) by the following method.

[0595] After exposing the cross-sections of the laminates of the examples and comparative examples using conventional methods such as ion beam and slicing, SEM-based cross-sectional observations were performed on the exposed cross-sections. In the cross-sectional observations, the arithmetic mean of the film thickness at the three division points (excluding the two ends) when the width direction of the laminate was divided into four equal parts was calculated as the film thickness of the laminate. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0596] [Evaluation of bubble-like defects]

[0597] The evaluation of bubble-like defects is as follows.

[0598] In an environment with a cleanliness level of 1000, a laminate of the embodiments and comparative examples, with dimensions of 90 mm in length and 90 mm in width, was placed in the center of a glass substrate with the surface of the adhesive layer as the contact surface. Furthermore, the laminate and the surface and back of the glass were cleaned with an adhesive roller, removing only the dust adhering to the adhesive roller; dust not adhering to the adhesive roller remained.

[0599] The sample was placed in a rubber bag and the pressure was reduced to 10 kPa (0.1 atm) using a vacuum pump. Then, under reduced pressure, the temperature was raised to 95°C and held for 20 minutes, followed by a temporary return to room temperature and pressure. The sample was then held in an autoclave (manufactured by Kurihara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) at 130°C and 1.1 MPa (11 atm) for 20 minutes. An adhesive layer was used to bond the laminate and the glass substrate, yielding a glass sample. Regarding the laminate with the protective film, the protective film was peeled off after autoclaving.

[0600] The air bubble-like defects caused by dust in the central 5 cm section of the glass sample were observed using an optical microscope and evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0601] A: There are no bubble-like defects with a diameter greater than 100μm.

[0602] B: The number of bubble-like defects with a diameter of 100μm or more is 1 to 5.

[0603] C: The number of bubble-like defects with a diameter of 100μm or more is 6 to 15.

[0604] D: The number of bubble-like defects with a diameter of 100μm or more is 16 to 30.

[0605] E: The number of bubble-like defects with a diameter of 100μm or more is 31 or more.

[0606] [Evaluation of folds]

[0607] The evaluation of the wrinkles is as follows.

[0608] On the concave side of a curved glass with a width of 330mm × length of 260mm and a curvature of R1750mm in the long side direction of 330mm and R1250mm in the short side direction of 260mm, a laminate of the embodiment and comparative example with a length of 260mm × width of 330mm is disposed in the center of the glass substrate with the surface of the adhesive layer side as the contact surface.

[0609] The sample was placed in a rubber bag and the pressure was reduced to 10 kPa (0.1 atm) using a vacuum pump. Then, the temperature was raised to 115°C under reduced pressure and held for 60 minutes before being temporarily reduced to room temperature and pressure. The sample was then held in an autoclave (manufactured by Kurihara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) at 140°C and 1.3 MPa (13 atm) for 60 minutes to remove air bubbles, thus creating a glass sample in which the laminate and glass substrate were bonded together via an adhesive layer.

[0610] The glass samples were evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0611] A: There are no wrinkles.

[0612] B: There are folds, but fewer than 2.

[0613] C: More than 2 folds.

[0614] [Table 5]

[0615] [Example 101]

[0616] When forming the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer forming composition HS2 was used instead of HS1. Otherwise, the laminate of Example 101 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16.

[0617] [Example 102]

[0618] The adhesive layer side of the laminate of Example 16 was sandblasted (time: 1 second) to obtain the laminate of Example 102.

[0619] [Example 103]

[0620] On a 4mm thick flat glass, the laminate of Example 16 is laminated with the protective film side in contact with the glass. It is further laminated with the embossed surface of the paper release liner (made by Loparex LLC, Hammond, WI) in contact with the adhesive layer side of the laminate of Example 16. Furthermore, a 4mm thick flat glass is laminated on the side of the paper release liner opposite to the embossed surface.

[0621] The material was placed in a rubber bag and the pressure was reduced to 10 kPa (0.1 atmospheres) using a pump. Then, the temperature was raised to 100°C under reduced pressure and held for 10 minutes. After temporarily restoring to room temperature and pressure, the flat glass and paper release liner were removed, resulting in the laminate of Example 103.

[0622] The surface structure of the embossed surface of the paper release liner is transferred onto the adhesive layer of the laminate in Example 103.

[0623] [Evaluation of residual air bubbles]

[0624] The evaluation of residual bubbles is as follows.

[0625] On the concave side of a curved glass with a width of 330mm × length of 260mm and a curvature of R1750mm in the long side direction of 330mm and R1250mm in the short side direction of 260mm, a laminate of the embodiment and comparative example with a length of 260mm × width of 330mm is disposed in the center of the glass substrate with the surface of the adhesive layer side as the contact surface.

[0626] The sample was placed in a rubber bag and the pressure was reduced to 10 kPa (0.1 atm) using a vacuum pump. Then, under reduced pressure, the temperature was raised to 95°C and held for 20 minutes, before being temporarily restored to room temperature and pressure. Next, the sample was held in an autoclave (manufactured by Kurihara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) at 130°C and 1.1 MPa (11 atm) for 20 minutes, and then rapidly reduced to room temperature and pressure at 100°C. The laminate and glass substrate were then bonded together using an adhesive layer to obtain the glass sample.

[0627] The glass samples were evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0628] A: There are no air bubbles larger than 1mm in diameter.

[0629] B: There is more than one bubble-like defect with a diameter of 1 mm or larger.

[0630] [Table 6]

[0631] [Example 201]

[0632] [Fabrication of laminated glass]

[0633] A 125 μm thick PET film (Lumirror T60, manufactured by TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) was used as the substrate layer, and a laminate was fabricated in the manner of adhesive layer (heat-sealing layer) / substrate layer / A1 (phase retardation layer) / IR1 / BG1 / R1 / TW1 (polarization conversion layer). That is, the laminate was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 16, except that the position of the adhesive layer was changed. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the fabricated laminate had the same effect as in Example 16.

[0634] Next, on a convex curved glass substrate with a layer structure of 260mm x 330mm and a thickness of 2mm, the laminate (220mm x 290mm) fabricated above is disposed in the center of the glass substrate with the surface of the adhesive layer (heat-sealing layer) as the contact surface. Thus, a laminate having a first glass substrate, a heat-sealing layer, a substrate layer, a phase retardation layer, a selective reflection layer, and a polarization conversion layer is formed in sequence.

[0635] A PVB film (intermediate film) manufactured by SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO.,LTD., with dimensions of 260mm x 330mm and a thickness of 0.76mm, was placed on the laminate. A convex curved glass substrate (second glass substrate) with dimensions of 260mm x 330mm and a thickness of 2mm was then placed on top of the laminate. After holding the substrate at 115°C and 10kPa (0.1 atm) for 1 hour, followed by a degassing evaluation (described later), the laminated glass was heated at 140°C and 1.3MPa (13 atm) for 60 minutes using an autoclave (manufactured by Kurihara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) to remove air bubbles.

[0636] [Examples 202-205 and Comparative Example 301]

[0637] The substrate layer in the laminate produced in Example 201 was changed to the substrate shown in Table 7 below. Otherwise, the laminated glass was produced using the same method as in Example 201. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the laminates produced in Examples 202 to 205 had the same effects as in Example 16.

[0638] [Example 206]

[0639] On the TW1 (polarization conversion layer) side of the laminate of Example 201, a Toretec 7832C (manufactured by TORAYADVANCED FILM CO., LTD.) was bonded with the adhesive layer of Toretec 7832C located on the TW1 side, thereby creating a laminate having an adhesive layer (heat-sealing layer) / substrate layer / A1 (phase retardation layer) / IR1 / BG1 / R1 / TW1 (polarization conversion layer) / Toretec 7832C in sequence. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the laminate produced had the same effect as in Example 16.

[0640] Next, on a convex curved glass substrate with a layer structure of 260mm x 330mm and a thickness of 2mm, the laminate (220mm x 290mm) prepared above is placed in the center of the glass substrate with the surface of the adhesive layer (heat seal layer) as the contact surface. Then, the Toretec 7832C is peeled off from the laminate to form a laminate having a first glass substrate, a heat seal layer, a substrate layer, a retardation layer, a selective reflection layer, and a polarization conversion layer in sequence.

[0641] A PVB film (intermediate film) manufactured by SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO.,LTD., with dimensions of 260mm x 330mm and a thickness of 0.76mm, was placed on the laminate. A convex curved glass substrate (second glass substrate) with dimensions of 260mm x 330mm and a thickness of 2mm was then placed on top of the laminate. After holding the substrate at 115°C and 10kPa (0.1 atm) for 1 hour, followed by a degassing evaluation (described later), the laminated glass was heated at 140°C and 1.3MPa (13 atm) for 60 minutes using an autoclave (manufactured by Kurihara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) to remove air bubbles.

[0642] Regarding the laminated glass produced, during the manufacturing process, after heating at 140°C and 1.3 MPa (13 atmospheres) for 60 minutes, the size and number of streaks (marks) formed by the rupture of bubbles larger than 1 mm within the laminated glass were visually measured and evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 7 below. Furthermore, an evaluation of C or higher is considered acceptable. The better the evaluation, the better the degassing performance.

[0643] A: There are no traces formed by the rupture of bubbles larger than 1mm.

[0644] B: There are 1 to 5 traces formed by the rupture of bubbles larger than 1 mm.

[0645] C: There are 6 to 20 traces formed by the rupture of bubbles larger than 1 mm.

[0646] D: There are more than 21 traces formed by the rupture of bubbles larger than 1 mm.

[0647] [Table 7]

[0648] [Examples 401-403]

[0649] When forming the adhesive layer, adhesive layer forming compositions HS3 to HS5 were used instead of HS2. Otherwise, the laminates of Examples 401 to 403 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 101.

[0650] [Determination of surface resistivity of adhesive layer]

[0651] The surface resistivity of the adhesive layer is evaluated as follows.

[0652] For the laminates of Examples 101 and 401-403, after conditioning for 24 hours at 23°C and 55% humidity, the surface resistivity of the adhesive layer was measured using a resistivity meter (Hiresta-UX MCP-HT800 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) under an applied voltage of 1000V. The results are shown in Table 8 below.

[0653] [Evaluation of bubble-like defects in non-clean environments]

[0654] The evaluation of bubble-like defects is as follows.

[0655] In an environment with a cleanliness level of 10000, a laminate of Examples 101, 401-403, with dimensions of 90 mm in length and 90 mm in width, was placed in the center of a glass substrate with the adhesive layer side as the contact surface. Furthermore, the surface and back of the glass were cleaned with an adhesive roller, removing only dust adhering to the roller; dust not adhering to the roller remained.

[0656] The sample was placed in a rubber bag and the pressure was reduced to 10 kPa (0.1 atm) using a vacuum pump. Then, under reduced pressure, the temperature was raised to 95°C and held for 20 minutes, followed by a temporary return to room temperature and pressure. The sample was then held in an autoclave (manufactured by Kurihara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) at 130°C and 1.1 MPa (11 atm) for 20 minutes. An adhesive layer was used to bond the laminate and the glass substrate, yielding a glass sample. Regarding the laminate with the protective film, the protective film was peeled off after autoclaving.

[0657] The air bubble-like defects caused by dust in the central 5 cm section of the glass sample were observed using an optical microscope and evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 8 below.

[0658] A: There are no bubble-like defects with a diameter greater than 100μm.

[0659] B: The number of bubble-like defects with a diameter of 100μm or more is 1 to 15.

[0660] C: The number of bubble-like defects with a diameter of 100μm or more is 16 or more.

[0661] [Table 8]

[0662] Symbol Explanation

[0663] 10, 10A, 10B, 100 - Laminated body; 11 - Substrate; 12 - Protective film; 14 - Hard coating; 16 - Transparent resin layer; 18 - Phase retardation layer; 19 - Intermediate layer; 20 - Reflective layer; 24 - Polarization conversion layer; 26 - Adhesive layer; 27A, 27B - Glass; 28 - Windshield; 30 - HUD (Head-Up Display); 32 - Projector; 34 - Image forming unit; 36 - Intermediate image screen; 38 - Mirror; 40 - Concave mirror; 42 - Instrument panel; 46 - Transmission window; 50 - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display); 52 - Projection lens; 102 - Adhesive; 104 - Mold; 106 - Bag; D - Driver.

Claims

1. A laminate comprising a substrate and an adhesive layer, wherein, The oxygen permeability coefficient of the substrate is 300 cc / m 2 •day •atm and below.

2. The laminated body according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1 μm or more.

3. The laminated body according to claim 1, wherein, The bending stiffness coefficient S expressed by Equation 1 below is 0.4 × 10⁻⁶. 6 [GPa·μm 3 ]above, Equation 1: Bending stiffness coefficient S = The average tensile modulus of elasticity of the laminate [GPa] × (the thickness of the laminate [μm]) 3 .

4. The laminated body according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate includes a protective film and a transparent resin layer.

5. The laminated body according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate also includes a reflective layer.

6. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate also includes a phase retardation layer.

7. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate also includes a polarization conversion layer.

8. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate also includes a hard coating.

9. The laminate according to claim 4, wherein, The substrate also includes a hard coating layer, a reflective layer, a phase difference layer, and a polarization conversion layer.

10. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein, The adhesive layer contains an antistatic agent.

11. The laminate according to claim 10, wherein, The surface resistivity of the adhesive layer is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 14 Below Ω / □.

12. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate comprises at least a resin substrate.

13. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein it is bonded to glass via the adhesive layer.

14. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein it is bonded to a windshield via the adhesive layer.

15. A laminate having a glass and a laminate adhered to the glass according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

16. The adhesive body according to claim 15, wherein, The laminate also has glass on the side opposite to the side where the glass is attached.

17. An adhesive having a windshield and a laminate of any one of claims 1 to 12 adhered to the windshield.

18. The adhesive body according to claim 17, wherein, The laminated body also has a windshield on the side opposite to the side to which the windshield is attached.

19. An image display system comprising a laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and an image display device for projecting an image onto the laminate.

20. A method for manufacturing an adhesive body, comprising: Step 1 involves stacking a substrate with a curved shape and a laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12 such that the adhesive layer of the laminate is located on the side of the substrate, and housing it in a bag. Without using a mold having a surface corresponding to the curved shape, pressure is applied inside the bag to allow the laminate to conform to the curved shape, thus obtaining a laminate. Step 2 involves heating and pressing the bonded body obtained in step 1.

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