Heat dissipating device and method for an energy storage system

Abstract

A heat sink utilizes solid particles (5), such as sand particles, that are heated by electrical energy from a renewable energy power plant. The solid particles (5) are fluidized by a gas, transforming from a static, solid-like state to a dynamic, fluid-like state. The heat sink includes a plurality of adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18) that are partially separated by module walls (21-27). The module walls (21-27) between adjacent heat transfer modules include openings (31-34) disposed in the module walls (21-27) to allow the fluidized solid particles (5) to travel to an adjacent heat transfer module (11-18). The fluidized solid particles (5) travel horizontally from a particle inlet to an outlet of an end heat transfer module (14, 15, 18) via the adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18) and through the openings (31-34).

Description

Background Technology

[0001] This invention relates to thermal storage devices using solid thermal storage materials.

[0002] Renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, have varying energy output depending on available sunshine or wind conditions. Peak energy use typically occurs at times different from peak renewable energy production. Therefore, energy storage systems are crucial for balancing the gap between energy supply and demand.

[0003] Known energy storage systems include battery technology, pumped hydro storage, molten salt storage systems, and storage systems using solid particles such as sand. Sand-based thermal storage systems include fluidized beds that aerate the sand, allowing for easy sand transfer and increasing heat transfer per unit area. The sand can be heated using excess energy production. For example, electrical energy can be stored and released as heat. Known energy storage systems have known drawbacks, which sand-based thermal storage systems can at least partially address. However, sand-based thermal storage systems may also face certain challenges.

[0004] Over time, sand particles may experience temperature changes, leading to temperature stratification within the solid particles. This can affect the overall efficiency and heat transfer capacity of the system. The material selection for both the sand particles and the containment structure must consider their resistance to high temperatures and thermal cycling to prevent degradation or structural failure over time.

[0005] Designing and maintaining an effective sand-based thermal energy storage system can be complex. The fluidization and circulation of the sand require careful engineering to ensure optimal performance. Over time, sand particles may agglomerate or clump together, affecting the fluidization process and reducing heat transfer efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This synopsis is provided to introduce, in a simplified form, a series of concepts further described below in the detailed description. This synopsis is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to specific implementations that address any or all the shortcomings mentioned in any part of this disclosure.

[0007] A heat dissipation device and a method for using it in an energy storage system are disclosed. The energy storage system typically receives energy from surplus electricity from the power grid, or more directly from renewable energy power plants, photovoltaic power plants, or wind farms. The energy storage system utilizes solid particles, such as sand particles, heated by electrical energy from the power plant. The solid particles are fluidized by a gas, transforming them from a static, solid-like state to a dynamic, fluid-like state.

[0008] The heat dissipation device has multiple adjacent heat transfer modules, which are partially separated by module walls. The module walls of adjacent heat transfer modules have openings to allow the fluidized solid particles to travel to the adjacent heat transfer module. The fluidized solid particles travel horizontally from the particle inlet, through the adjacent heat transfer module and the openings, to the particle outlet of the final heat transfer module.

[0009] The fluidization process runs through adjacent heat transfer modules, wherein the solid particles originate as high-temperature particles from the first heat transfer module and are discharged as low-temperature solid particles through the outlet of the final heat transfer module. The fluidized gas flow can be recirculated to recover heat for use in other processes of the energy storage system.

[0010] Each heat transfer module includes a fluid pipe containing a circulating working fluid configured to transfer heat from the solid particles to the working fluid. In one embodiment, the heat release device includes multiple particle inlets located in the multiple heat transfer modules, configured to use the solid particles. This arrangement allows for more efficient temperature management of the heat release device's output. During operation of the thermal storage system, the solid particles may be being heated to their maximum temperature, or heat may have been consumed from the thermal storage device. The working fluid can be directed to the application end that best utilizes the currently available temperature range. Examples of applications for the thermal storage system include reheaters, superheaters, boiler heating surfaces, steam generators, evaporators, heat pump applications, district heating applications, industrial heating applications, or multi-stage countercurrent heat exchange processes for energy savers.

[0011] As an example of solid particles, sand has a relatively high specific heat capacity, enabling it to store a large amount of thermal energy. During the thermal storage phase, sand exhibits low heat loss when using the system disclosed herein, thus improving overall efficiency. The heat release device disclosed herein can be designed as a modular structure, allowing for scalability to meet energy storage requirements.

[0012] The modular configuration allows solid particles to be injected into the exothermic device at different stages. Solid particles that have not yet reached their full temperature range or are not fully heated can flow along different paths within the exothermic device, unlike fully heated particles. This structure improves the operating efficiency of the exothermic device and makes it suitable for short-term surplus energy input or consumption scenarios. For example, cheap or negative-priced electricity can be captured and utilized more efficiently for short periods.

[0013] The configuration of moving solid particles, such as sand, allows for safe operation in the event of a malfunction or process shutdown. The process can be stopped at any time, with the solid particles simply exiting the fluidized state and remaining stationary. The fluidization process can then be restarted without damaging the thermal storage system or heat exchanger.

[0014] The numerous accompanying features of this solution will become clearer when viewed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are not limited to implementations that address all or part of the deficiencies of existing energy storage systems or heat dissipation devices. Attached Figure Description

[0015] A better understanding of this description will be achieved by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which...

[0016] Figure 1 A top view schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the heat dissipation device;

[0017] Figure 2 An isometric view of the heat dissipation device of the same exemplary embodiment is shown schematically;

[0018] Figure 3 A side view of an exemplary embodiment of a heat-releasing device with a fluidization system is schematically shown;

[0019] Figure 4 An isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the heat dissipation device, viewed from below, is schematically shown.

[0020] Figure 5 A top view schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the heat dissipation device;

[0021] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method for releasing thermal energy from an energy storage system is shown schematically.

[0022] Similar reference numerals are used to indicate similar parts in the figures. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The detailed description provided below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is intended to describe this example and is not intended to represent the only forms that this example can be constructed or utilized. However, the same or equivalent functions and sequences can be accomplished by different examples.

[0024] Although the embodiments described and illustrated herein utilize sand as a solid particle in an exothermic device, they are provided by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting. As those skilled in the art will understand, this example is equally applicable to various types of solid particles suitable for operation within the temperature range of an energy storage system.

[0025] In this paper, directions such as up, down, horizontal, and vertical are described with reference to the direction of gravity and the conventional direction of operation. Throughout the text, expressions and definitions related to sequence, such as "first" or "last stage," are defined according to the flow direction of solid particles through the heat-releasing device.

[0026] Electricity consumption in the power grid is not constant. However, the amount of electricity fed into the grid must always equal the amount consumed. At certain times, energy production exceeds demand, and the surplus electricity needs to be stored and utilized by energy storage systems.

[0027] Renewable energy sources are typically intermittent. For example, solar energy is unavailable at night, and wind resources may experience periods of no wind. To make renewable energy systems a viable alternative to continuous power plants, energy storage systems can be used to regulate and balance the difference between energy production and consumption. One example of an energy storage system is the use of solid particles, such as sand, to convert electrical energy into thermal energy. This thermal energy can then be converted back into electrical energy, for example, by a steam turbine or a Stirling engine. The simplified operation of a sand-based thermal storage system includes a charging phase, a storage phase, and an energy release phase.

[0028] The charging phase involves heat absorption. During periods of abundant or low-cost renewable energy, such as energy from wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, solar collectors, or industrial processes, heating elements provide heat through a sand bed. These heating elements can be electric heating elements or conduits that transport high-temperature fluids through the sand bed. The electric heating elements can employ resistance heating, induction heating, arc heating, or any other method of converting electrical energy into heat. The sand absorbs and stores this heat. By way of example, and not limitation, the temperature range of solid particles considered to be in a cold or low-temperature state can be up to 300°C. By way of example, and not limitation, the temperature range of solid particles considered to be in a hot or heated state can be from 500°C to 2200°C, depending on the type of solid particles used. Examples of solid particles include natural sand, alumina, quartz sand, and graphite powder. The particle size distribution is 50-1000 micrometers in one example and 100-250 micrometers in another.

[0029] During the storage phase, the thermally charged sand acts as a heat storage medium, storing the absorbed energy until it needs to be released. The sand is suitable for retaining heat and achieving efficient heat storage. The storage device is equipped with an insulating structure. The storage device can be a silo or container installed above ground, or at least partially underground.

[0030] In the energy release phase, thermal energy is extracted from the sand. When there is a demand for electricity, such as at night or during cloudy days, a working fluid is passed through the sand, which is at a high temperature at this time. For example, the heat release device is configured to extract energy from a thermal storage device for, for example, industrial processes. The working fluid absorbs the thermal energy stored in the sand as it passes through the high-temperature sand bed, thereby increasing its temperature. The high-temperature working fluid can then be used for various applications. In one embodiment, the working fluid is water flowing through the high-temperature sand as superheated steam. The steam drives a turbine generator to rotate, thereby converting the thermal energy into electrical energy.

[0031] The energy storage system described herein can recycle surplus thermal energy to other stages of the process. The entire energy storage system can be configured with an insulation layer, which may be the only component in the energy storage system that experiences heat loss.

[0032] Figure 1 A side view schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the heat dissipation device. The heat dissipation device includes a plurality of adjacent heat transfer modules 11, 12, 13, 14, 15; hereinafter referred to as 11-15. Figure 1 In the example shown, the number of adjacent heat transfer modules 11, 12, 13, and 14 is five, but it is not limited to five heat transfer modules or any other specific number. Other alternative configurations of heat transfer modules can also be used. Figure 3 Heat transfer modules 11-14 are shown as an example; Figure 5 Heat transfer modules 11-18 were tested as an example.

[0033] The energy storage system may include a single heat release device consisting of multiple heat transfer modules, or it may include multiple heat release devices. In one embodiment, the multiple heat release devices are arranged sequentially in a sequential direction. In another embodiment, the multiple heat release devices are arranged in parallel.

[0034] exist Figure 1In this embodiment, each heat transfer module 11-15 includes a particle chamber 10 configured for fluidizing solid particles 5. The first heat transfer module 11 includes a first particle inlet 51 configured to receive solid particles 5, such as sand. In this example, the first particle inlet 51 is located on the top wall of the first heat transfer module 11, allowing the solid particles 5 to fall into the heat release device. In one embodiment, the flow of the solid particles 5 is controlled by gravity and pneumatic force. Alternatively, the first particle inlet 51 is located on a side wall. In one embodiment, the channel configured to convey the solid particles 5 leading to the first particle inlet 51 is inclined. In one embodiment, the particle flow entering the first particle inlet 51 is controlled by the inclination angle of the conveying channel leading to the first particle inlet 51. In one embodiment, the particle flow entering the first particle inlet 51 is controlled by a valve. In one embodiment, the particle flow entering the first particle inlet 51 is controlled by an L-shaped valve. The L-shaped valve is a non-mechanical device capable of controlling the flow of solid particles in high-pressure, high-temperature systems. An example of the L-shaped valve is an L-shaped pipe with a right-angle bend, used to transport solid particles between two containers and to control the flow of particulate solids using gas injection and pipe geometry.

[0035] A similar implementation to the first particle inlet 51 can also be applied to any example of the second particle inlet 52. In one embodiment, at least one heat transfer module 12-15 located after the first heat transfer module 11 includes a second particle inlet 52, configured for the solid particles 5. In one embodiment, at least two heat transfer modules located after the first heat transfer module 11 include particle inlets for the solid particles 5; as Figure 1 As shown in the example, the second heat transfer module 12 is provided with the second particle inlet 52. Another example of the second particle inlet 52 may be provided in any subsequent heat transfer module 13-15. The above arrangement can be adjusted; in one embodiment, the heat dissipation device includes more than three particle inlets in the heat transfer modules 11-15. In other alternative embodiments, the positions of the particle inlets 51, 52 may differ. In one embodiment, a single heat transfer module 11-15 includes more than one particle inlet 51, 52.

[0036] In one embodiment, the first particle inlet 51 and the second particle inlet 52 are configured to be controllable. Alternatively or otherwise, at least one of the plurality of particle inlets 51-52 is configured to be controllable. Any of the particle inlets 51-52 may be in a fully open, fully closed, or partially open state.

[0037] In one embodiment, at least one heat transfer module 11-15 is configured to receive solid particles 5 via the second particle inlet 52, and the temperature of the solid particles 5 is different from the temperature of the solid particles 5 received via the first heat transfer module 11. The heat release device can receive at least two particle streams of solid particles 5 at different temperatures, which are respectively directed to different particle inlets 51 and 52. This arrangement can be used to control the thermal management inside the heat release device, and the energy storage system can adapt to and optimize different usage scenarios. In one embodiment, the first particle inlet 51 and the second particle inlet 52 receive a portion of the same particle stream from the solid particles 5, and the received solid particles 5 have the same temperature.

[0038] The final stage heat transfer module 15 includes a particle outlet 59 configured to discharge the solid particles 5. The solid particles 5 can be conveyed via the particle outlet 59 to a conveying device, a cold storage stage, or a heating stage. The different stages of the energy storage system can be stacked vertically or horizontally.

[0039] Adjacent heat transfer modules 11-15 are partially separated by module walls 21, 22, 23, and 24, and partially connected by openings 31, 32, 33, and 34. Module walls 21, 22, 23, and 24 will be referred to below as module walls 21-24. Figure 1 In the example shown, there are four module walls 21-24. However, this embodiment is not limited to four module walls or any specific number of module walls; other module wall configurations can also be used. Hereinafter, openings 31, 32, 33, and 34 will be referred to as openings 31-34. Figure 1 In the example shown, the number of openings 31-34 is four. However, this embodiment is not limited to four openings or any specific number of openings, and other wall opening configurations can also be used.

[0040] The fluid pipe 30 is configured to receive the thermal energy of the solid particles 5 in the particle chamber 10. In this example, each heat transfer module 11-15 includes multiple fluid pipes 30, only in... Figure 3As shown in the figure. In one embodiment, a single heat transfer module 11-15 includes a fluid conduit 30. A circulating working fluid, such as water, flows within the fluid conduit 30, which may be heated to boiling to produce steam and / or the steam is in a superheated state. Examples of alternative working fluids include air, gas, water, oil, molten metal, or other liquids suitable for the operating temperature of the heat-exothermic device. In one embodiment, the working fluid is pressurized. In one example, the solid particles 5, composed of natural sand, heat the fluid conduit 30 and the working fluid to a maximum temperature range of 1400°C-1600°C; in another example, the solid particles 5, composed of alumina, heat the fluid conduit 30 and the working fluid to a maximum temperature of 2200°C; in one example, the working fluid is heated to a temperature range of 800°C-1200°C. The pressure and temperature ranges of the working fluid can be selected according to the specific heating application.

[0041] An example of the working fluid pressure range is 2 bar to 20 bar.

[0042] An example of the working fluid pressure range is 20 bar to 275 bar.

[0043] An example of the working fluid pressure range is 20 bar to 340 bar.

[0044] Figure 2 An isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the heat dissipation device is schematically shown, illustrating a portion of the isolation structure of the module walls 21-24. The fluidized solid particles 5 travel horizontally from the first particle inlet 5 through adjacent heat transfer modules 11-15 and through the openings 31-34 to the particle outlet 59. This horizontal travel refers to the overall movement of the particle group; the movement path of individual particles from the particle inlet 51 to the particle outlet 59 may be random.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in one embodiment, the openings 31-34 are alternately distributed on opposite sides for each heat transfer module 11-15. In one embodiment, at least two consecutive openings 31-34 are located on the same side. Since the particle outlet 59 constitutes the lowest discharge position in the space containing the solid particles 5, the flow of the solid particles 5 proceeds along a tortuous path from the first particle inlet 51 to the particle outlet 59. The particle outlet 59 defines the height at which the solid particles 5 are discharged from the final heat transfer module 15. Because the fluidized solid particles 5 exhibit liquid-like flow characteristics, the surface region of the solid particle bed is discharged from the final heat transfer module 15. The surface region of the fluidized solid particles 5 may contain the hottest solid particles 5. This partitioned solid particle 5 arrangement allows control of the power transfer ratio between the heat transfer modules 11-15 and facilitates temperature control. The power of each individual heat transfer module 11-15 is controllable, facilitating the management of different temperature ranges within each heat transfer module 11-15.

[0046] In one embodiment, the openings 31-34 in the module walls 21-24 between adjacent heat transfer modules 11-15 include vertical sections, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the vertical section extends from the top of the module wall 21-24 to the bottom of the module wall 21-24. In one embodiment, at least one of the openings 31-34 does not extend to the bottom of the heat transfer module 11-15, but forms a barrier in the lowest region of the particle bed configured for the solid particles 5. The barrier allows particles in the lowest region of the solid particles 5 to remain within the corresponding heat transfer module 11-15, while solid particles 5 in the upper region can proceed to the next heat transfer module. The heights of the barriers between the openings 31-34 may differ from each other. In one embodiment, the height of the first barrier is higher than the next barrier, and the final barrier has the lowest height. In one example, the height difference between adjacent barriers is 5 cm. This height difference facilitates a transition between different heat transfer modules 11-15.

[0047] In one embodiment, by providing multiple particle inlets 51, 52 and employing various methods to control the particle flow of solid particles 5, superior thermal management is achieved within the exothermic device, enabling it to operate without a desuperheater. Desuperheaters typically equalize the superheater's output temperature by injecting water. Since the cleanliness of the injected water is generally lower than that of the saturated steam produced by the steam drum, the injection of water can adversely affect the steam turbine or pressurized piping. Therefore, fouling may occur in the turbine or piping.

[0048] Figure 3A simplified side view of a fluidization system of an exemplary embodiment of a heat release device is schematically shown. In this example, the heat release device includes four heat transfer modules 11, 12, 13, and 14, hereinafter referred to as heat transfer modules 11-14. In one embodiment, the fluidization system includes at least one fluidization chamber 64 disposed below the particle chamber 10, and includes a fluidization inlet 61 configured to receive fluidizing gas into the fluidization chamber 64. The fluidization chamber 64 is configured to equalize gas pressure before introducing the fluidizing gas into the heat transfer modules 11-14. At least one fluidization nozzle 63 is configured to guide the fluidizing gas from the fluidization chamber 64 to each particle chamber 10. In one embodiment, each heat transfer module 11-14 includes an independent fluidization chamber 64. The fluidization inlet 61 may be disposed on the side wall, bottom, or top of the fluidization chamber 64.

[0049] The fluidization chamber 64 can be divided into multiple fluidization chamber partitions 64, 64', 64'', and 64''', such as... Figure 3 The example shown. In one embodiment, the fluidizing chamber 64 is configured to provide different chamber pressures to different fluidizing chamber sections. For example, the fluidizing gas pressure may be highest at the final heat transfer module 14, where the fluidizing chamber 64 provides a first pressure. Accordingly, in this example, the second heat transfer module 12 corresponds to the second fluidizing chamber section 64' and has a second pressure. The final heat transfer module 14 corresponds to the fourth fluidizing chamber section 64''' and provides the lowest chamber pressure. In one embodiment, the fluidization system includes means configured to regulate the chamber pressures leading to each heat transfer module 11-14. In one embodiment, the fluidization system includes means configured to regulate the chamber pressures leading to each fluidizing nozzle 63. In one embodiment, the fluidizing chamber 64 includes means configured to remove any solid particles 5 entering the fluidizing chamber 64 or a portion thereof. In one embodiment, each fluidizing chamber section 64'-64''' includes means for regulating the chamber pressure.

[0050] In one embodiment, each particle chamber 10 includes a plurality of fluidizing nozzles 63. In one embodiment, the fluidizing nozzles 63 are located near the bottom of the particle chamber 10. The fluidizing nozzles can direct the fluidizing gas downward to prevent the solid particles 5 from settling to the bottom of the particle chamber 10 and entering the fluidizing chamber 64 when the thermal storage system is shut down or the fluidizing gas supply is stopped. The fluidizing nozzles 63 may include protective covers to prevent solid particles falling during the shutdown of the thermal storage system from entering the fluidizing nozzles. In one embodiment, the bottom of each particle chamber 10 includes distribution holes to allow the fluidizing gas to flow out from the fluidizing chamber 64.

[0051] In one embodiment, the fluid pipes 30 are arranged in a staggered manner. In another embodiment, the fluid pipes 30 are arranged in a straight line.

[0052] The fluidized gas is discharged from the heat release device via a fluidization outlet 62. In one embodiment, the fluidization outlet 62 is located in the final stage heat transfer module 14. In one embodiment, the fluidization outlet 62 is located on the side wall of the final stage heat transfer module 14. In one embodiment, the fluidization outlet 62 is located on the top of the final stage heat transfer module 14. In one embodiment, the fluidization outlet 62 directs the fluidized gas to preheat the working fluid or the solid particles 5 of the cryogenic storage system, or to any heating application. The fluidized gas flow can also be further used to transport the solid particles 5 within the energy storage system. In one embodiment, the fluidization outlet 62 discharges the fluidized gas outside the energy storage system, for example, into ambient air. In one embodiment, the fluidization outlet 62 directs the fluidized gas to an energy saver or industrial process. Examples of such industrial processes include oil refining processes or limestone calcination processes.

[0053] The fluidization system is configured to transform particulate solid particles 5 into a dynamic fluid state. In this embodiment, a gas, such as air, is passed through the solid particles 5. When the airflow is introduced from the bottom of the bed of solid particles 5, the airflow will flow upward through the gaps between the particles. As the airflow velocity increases, the aerodynamic drag acting on the solid particles 5 will counteract the effect of gravity. When the upward drag and the downward gravity reach equilibrium, the solid particles 5 are suspended in the airflow. By selecting an appropriate airflow rate, the solid particles 5 can be fluidized, in which the bed of solid particles 5 exhibits liquid-like flow characteristics. Further increasing the airflow rate will cause the solid particles 5 to move along the airflow direction. In one example, the velocity of the fluidizing gas is 0.1 m / s to 0.5 m / s. In one example, the velocity is approximately 0.2 m / s. In one example, the pressure of the fluidizing gas is 0.1 bar to 0.7 bar. In one example, the pressure is 0.3 bar.

[0054] Figure 4 An isometric view of the bottom of an exemplary embodiment of the exothermic device is schematically shown. In one embodiment, the exothermic device includes a plurality of particle discharge ports 65. The particle discharge ports 65 are configured to be controllable and can be configured to evacuate solid particles 5 from the exothermic device. In this example, the exothermic device includes five discharge ports 65. A safe, fireproof collection pool or container may be provided below the exothermic device, the collection pool or container comprising a refractory material capable of withstanding the temperature of the high-temperature solid particles 5, so as to evacuate the solid particles 5 in an emergency. This structure allows for the rapid evacuation of the solid particles 5 from the exothermic device even in the event of a fluidization system failure, enabling maintenance personnel to access and repair the internal components of the exothermic device.

[0055] The bottom of the fluidization chamber 64 may be provided with an inclined structure, so that residual solid particles 5 can fall to the bottom corner area without clogging the fluidization inlet 61 or fluidization nozzle 63 provided on the wall. The fluidization chamber 64 can be emptied through a dedicated discharge port, which is not shown in the attached drawings.

[0056] In one embodiment, all heat transfer modules 11-15 include a particle discharge port 65, which can be used as an intermediate feed port in external or internal processes, or for rapid evacuation of all solid particles 5 during emergencies or maintenance. The particle discharge port 65 can be located at the bottom of any heat transfer module 11-15. During normal shutdowns, emergency evacuation is typically unnecessary; the solid particles 5, such as sand, simply fall to the bottom of the exothermic device and are fluidized again when the fluidization system restarts. Emergency evacuation can be used in situations such as process system failures, including pump failures or pipe ruptures. In one embodiment, the top of the exothermic device includes a burst zone configured to rupture in a controlled manner and release pressure in the event of a rupture in the fluid pipe 30.

[0057] The heat storage system may include solid particles 5 with different particle sizes. In one embodiment, the solid particles 5 with different particle sizes may accumulate at a specific location inside the heat release device, and the particle discharge port 65 is set near the specific location during the design phase.

[0058] In one embodiment, the wall of the heat-releasing device includes a refractory wall. The refractory wall is made of a refractory material capable of withstanding operating temperatures and resisting the continuous impact of the solid particles 5. An insulation layer is provided on the outer side of the refractory wall to maintain the internal thermal energy of the heat-releasing device. The refractory material exhibits good chemical and physical stability under high-temperature conditions. In one embodiment, the refractory wall is formed of a ceramic material, such as ceramic brick. In another embodiment, the wall includes an inner layer made of steel plate and an insulation layer disposed on the outer side. The refractory wall can also serve as a refractory layer disposed on the inner surface of the wall.

[0059] The heat transfer modules can be arranged in different ways. In one embodiment, the openings in adjacent walls of the module include vertical sections, each vertical section being at a different distance from the same common corner. In an exemplary embodiment of a heat transfer module arrangement, three adjacent heat transfer modules share a corner. Other alternatives or embodiments may be designed and arranged according to the external structure of the heat release device or the available space of the heat storage system.

[0060] In one exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the heat dissipation device includes curved module walls, or at least a portion of the module walls are configured to be curved. In one embodiment, the module walls between adjacent heat transfer modules are configured to be curved. This arrangement helps to mitigate wear on the module walls caused by high-speed moving solid particles. The heat transfer module may include four walls, wherein at least one wall is configured to be curved.

[0061] Figure 5 Another embodiment is schematically illustrated, wherein the heat dissipation device has an annular structure, and the walls of the continuous heat transfer modules 11-18 are curved. In the illustrated example, the partially open module walls 21-27 are straight walls, and the outer and inner walls of the heat transfer modules 11-18 are curved. In this example, the first particle inlet 51 is located on the outer wall, the solid particles 5 travel from the middle region of the annular structure, and the particle outlet 59 is located on the inner wall. In one embodiment, the heat dissipation device is disposed in a silo-like structure, wherein a storage device may be disposed above the heat dissipation device. The solid particles 5 are pneumatically conveyed by pneumatic force or gravity, or conveyed to the cold storage stage or the heating stage by a conveying device.

[0062] In one embodiment, the working fluid is configured to flow from at least two heat transfer modules to at least two different applications selected from at least one stage of: reheaters, superheaters, boiler heating surfaces, steam generators, evaporators, heat pump applications, district heating applications, industrial heating applications, and energy savers. Different heat transfer modules can provide different temperatures and outlets for the working fluid.

[0063] An example of the temperature range for energy-saving devices is 105°C to 374°C.

[0064] An example of a superheater temperature range is 200°C to 650°C.

[0065] An example of the temperature range for boiler heating surfaces is 200°C to 374°C.

[0066] An example of a reheater temperature range is 300°C to 650°C.

[0067] An example of a temperature range for district heating is 50°C to 140°C.

[0068] Figure 1The exemplary embodiment shown illustrates the application of a counter-current heat exchange system to a three-stage heat exchange process in an energy-saving device. The solid particles 5 flow sequentially through heat transfer modules 13, 14, and 15. During their flow through each heat transfer module 13-15, the solid particles 5 continuously release heat energy into the working fluid, thus the temperature of the last heat transfer module 15 is the lowest. In the counter-current heat exchange process, the working fluid flows through the fluid pipes 30 in each heat exchanger in the reverse order of the solid particles 5, i.e., sequentially through heat transfer modules 15, 14, and 13. The lower-temperature working fluid gradually heats up as it passes through multiple heat transfer modules 15-13, with each subsequent heat transfer module having a higher temperature than the previous one. In one embodiment, any heat transfer module 11-15 can be assigned an independent function. For example, the last heat transfer module 15 can be used to preheat the district heating medium to a temperature range of 80°C-120°C. The fluid pipes 30 in any heat transfer module 11-15 can be connected to a Stirling engine. In one embodiment, the heat generated by the heat transfer modules is used to heat the hot end of the Stirling engine.

[0069] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method for releasing heat energy from an energy storage system is shown schematically. Step 70 includes receiving solid particles into the heat release device via a first particle inlet. Step 71 includes fluidizing the solid particles. Step 72 includes circulating a working fluid to transfer heat energy from the solid particles to the working fluid. Step 73 includes allowing the fluidized solid particles to travel horizontally from the particle inlet through an adjacent heat transfer module and through the opening to the particle outlet.

[0070] A heat release device for an energy storage system is disclosed. The heat release device includes a plurality of adjacent heat transfer modules. Each heat transfer module includes: a particle chamber configured to contain fluidizable solid particles; a fluid conduit including a circulating working fluid configured to transfer heat energy from the solid particles to the working fluid; and a fluidization system configured to fluidize the solid particles. A first heat transfer module having a first particle inlet is configured to receive solid particles into the heat release device. Adjacent heat transfer modules are partially separated by module walls and partially connected through openings in the module walls. A final-stage heat transfer module includes a particle outlet configured for the solid particles, wherein the fluidized solid particles travel horizontally from the particle inlet through adjacent heat transfer modules and through the opening to the particle outlet. In one embodiment, the bottom of the particle chamber includes at least one particle vent outlet. In one embodiment, the fluidization system includes at least one fluidization chamber disposed below the particle chamber, a fluidization inlet configured to receive fluidizing gas into the fluidization chamber, and at least one fluidization nozzle configured to guide the fluidizing gas from the fluidization chamber to each particle chamber. In one embodiment, the device includes a fluidization outlet configured to deliver the fluidizing gas to preheated solid particles, an energy saver, or an industrial process. In one embodiment, at least one other heat transfer module besides the first heat transfer module includes a second particle inlet configured for the solid particles. In one embodiment, the first particle inlet and the second particle inlet are controllable. In one embodiment, at least one heat transfer module is configured to receive solid particles via the second particle inlet, the temperature of which differs from the temperature of the solid particles entering the first heat transfer module. In one embodiment, at least two of the heat transfer modules are configured to heat the fluid tube to different temperature ranges. In one embodiment, the working fluid is configured to flow from at least two of the heat transfer modules to at least two different applications selected from at least one stage of reheaters, superheaters, boiler heating surfaces, steam generators, evaporators, heat pump applications, district heating applications, industrial heating applications, and energy savers.

[0071] As an alternative or additional solution, a method for releasing thermal energy using an energy storage system is also disclosed. The system includes multiple adjacent heat transfer modules. Each heat transfer module includes: a particle chamber configured to contain fluidizable solid particles; a fluid conduit including a circulating working fluid; a fluidization system; and a first heat transfer module having a first particle inlet. The method includes: receiving solid particles via the first particle inlet to the heat release device; fluidizing the solid particles; and circulating the working fluid to transfer thermal energy from the solid particles to the working fluid. Adjacent heat transfer modules are partially separated by module walls and partially connected through openings in the module walls; a final-stage heat transfer module includes a particle outlet configured for the solid particles, and the method further includes: the fluidized solid particles traveling horizontally from the particle inlet through adjacent heat transfer modules and through the openings to the particle outlet. In one embodiment, the fluidization system includes at least one fluidization chamber disposed below the particle chamber; the method includes: receiving fluidizing gas into the fluidization chamber via a fluidization inlet; and guiding the fluidizing gas from the fluidization chamber to each particle chamber via at least one fluidization nozzle. In one embodiment, at least one other heat transfer module besides the first heat transfer module includes a second particle inlet configured for the solid particles, and the method includes controlling the particle flow through the first particle inlet and at least one second particle inlet. In one embodiment, the method includes: conveying the solid particles to the first heat transfer module at a first temperature via the first inlet, and conveying the solid particles to at least one heat transfer module at a temperature different from the first temperature via at least one second particle inlet. In one embodiment, the method includes heating the fluid pipes of at least two heat transfer modules to different temperature ranges. In one embodiment, the method includes directing the working fluid from the at least two heat transfer modules to at least two different applications selected from at least one stage of reheaters, superheaters, boiler heating surfaces, steam generators, evaporators, heat pump applications, district heating applications, industrial heating applications, and energy savers. In one embodiment, the fluidization system includes at least one fluidization chamber disposed below the particle chamber; the method includes introducing fluidizing gas into the fluidization chamber via a fluidization inlet, and guiding the fluidizing gas from the fluidization chamber to each particle chamber through at least one fluidization nozzle. In one embodiment, at least one other heat transfer module besides the first heat transfer module includes a second particle inlet configured for the solid particles, and the method includes controlling the particle flow through the first particle inlet and at least one second particle inlet.In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of conveying the solid particles to the first heat transfer module at a first temperature via a first particle inlet, and conveying the solid particles to at least one heat transfer module at a temperature different from the first temperature via at least one second particle inlet. In one embodiment, the method includes the step of heating the fluid tubes of at least two heat transfer modules to different temperature ranges. In one embodiment, the method includes the step of causing the working fluid to flow from at least two of the heat transfer modules to at least two different applications selected from at least one stage of reheaters, superheaters, boiler heating surfaces, steam generators, evaporators, heat pump applications, district heating applications, industrial heating applications, and energy savers.

[0072] Any range or device parameters described herein may be expanded or adjusted without affecting the intended effect.

[0073] Although at least part of the subject matter has been described using language describing structural features and / or actions, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed only as examples of implementing the claims, and other equivalent features and actions are also intended to be included within the scope of protection of the claims.

[0074] It should be understood that the benefits and advantages described above may relate to one embodiment or several embodiments. The embodiments are not limited to those that solve any or all of the stated problems or those that have any or all of the stated benefits and advantages. It should be further understood that reference to "a (a / an)" means one or more of those items.

[0075] The steps of the methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order, or simultaneously where appropriate. Furthermore, individual steps in any method may be omitted without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein. Aspects of any of the foregoing examples can be combined with any aspects of other examples to form further embodiments without affecting the desired technical effects.

[0076] The term “comprising” as used herein should be understood to include the listed method steps or elements, but does not mean that it is limited to the listed method steps or elements. Other method steps or elements may also be included in the method or apparatus.

[0077] It should be understood that the above description is provided as an example only, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications. The above specification, embodiments, and data provide a complete description of the structure and usage of exemplary embodiments. Although the above description has described multiple embodiments with a certain degree of specificity, or referenced one or more specific embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation device for an energy storage system, comprising: Multiple adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18), wherein each heat transfer module (11-18) includes: Particle chamber (10), which is configured to contain fluidizable solid particles (5); The fluid conduit (30), including a circulating working fluid, is configured to transfer thermal energy from the solid particles (5) to the working fluid; A fluidization system configured to fluidize the solid particles (5). A first heat transfer module (11) having a first particle inlet (51) is configured to receive solid particles (5) to the heat release device; Its features are: Adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18) are partially separated by module walls (21-27), and adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18) are partially connected through openings (31-34) in the module walls (21-27); The final stage heat transfer module (14, 15, 18) includes a particle outlet (59) configured for the solid particles (5), wherein the fluidized solid particles (5) travel horizontally from the particle inlet (51) via adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18) and through the openings (31-34) to the particle outlet (59).

2. The heat-dissipating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the particle chamber (10) includes at least one particle discharge port (65).

3. The heat-dissipating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fluidization system includes at least one fluidization chamber (64, 64′, 64″, 64''') disposed below the particle chamber (10), a fluidization inlet (61) configured to receive fluidizing gas into the fluidization chamber (64, 64′, 64″, 64'''), and at least one fluidization nozzle (63) configured to guide the fluidizing gas from the fluidization chamber (64, 64′, 64″, 64''') to each particle chamber (10).

4. The heat-dissipating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes a fluidization outlet (62), which is configured to deliver the fluidizing gas to preheated solid particles (5), an energy saver, or an industrial process.

5. The heat-dissipating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, At least one other heat transfer module (12-18) other than the first heat transfer module (11) includes a second particle inlet (52) configured for the solid particles (5).

6. The heat-dissipating device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first particle inlet (51) and the second particle inlet (52) are configured to be controllable.

7. The heat-dissipating device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, At least one heat transfer module (11-18) is configured to receive solid particles (5) via the second particle inlet (52), the temperature of the solid particles (5) at the second particle inlet (52) being different from the temperature of the solid particles (5) entering the first heat transfer module (11).

8. The heat-dissipating device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, At least two of the heat transfer modules (11-18) are configured to heat the fluid tube (30) to different temperature ranges.

9. The heat-dissipating device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The working fluid is configured to flow from at least two of the heat transfer modules (11-18) to at least two different applications selected from at least one stage of: reheater, superheater, boiler heating surface, steam generator, evaporator, heat pump application, district heating application, industrial heating application, and energy saver.

10. A method for releasing thermal energy using an energy storage system, said system comprising: Multiple adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18), wherein each heat transfer module (11-18) includes: Particle chamber (10), which is configured to contain fluidizable solid particles (5); Fluid pipe (30), including circulating working fluid; A first heat transfer module (11) having a first particle inlet (51); wherein the method includes the following steps: Solid particles (5) are received into the heat-generating device via the first particle inlet (51); Fluidize the solid particles (5); The working fluid is circulated so that heat energy is transferred from the solid particles (5) to the working fluid; Its features are: Adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18) are partially separated by module walls (21-27), and adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18) are partially connected through openings (31-34) in the module walls (21-27); The final stage heat transfer module (14, 15, 18) includes a particle outlet (59) configured for the solid particles (5), wherein the method includes: The fluidized solid particles (5) travel horizontally from the particle inlet (51) through the adjacent heat transfer modules (11-18) and through the openings (31-34) to the particle outlet (42).

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluidization system includes at least one fluidization chamber disposed below the particle chamber (10); receiving fluidizing gas into the fluidization chamber (64, 64′, 64″, 64''') via a fluidization inlet (61); and guiding the fluidizing gas from the fluidization chamber (64, 64′, 64″, 64''') to each particle chamber (10) via at least one fluidization nozzle (63).

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, At least one other heat transfer module (12-18) other than the first heat transfer module (11) includes a second particle inlet (52) configured for the solid particles (5) and controls the particle flow through the first particle inlet (51) and at least one of the second particle inlets (52).

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The fluidized gas is delivered to preheated solid particles (5), an energy saver, or an industrial process via the fluidized outlet (62).

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The solid particles (5) are conveyed to the first heat transfer module (11) at a first temperature via the first feed port, and the solid particles (5) are conveyed to at least one heat transfer module (12-18) at a temperature different from the first temperature via at least one second particle feed port (52).

15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that, The fluid pipes (30) of at least two heat transfer modules (11-18) are heated to different temperature ranges.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The working fluid is directed from at least two of the heat transfer modules (11-18) to at least two different applications selected from at least one stage of reheater, superheater, boiler heating surface, steam generator, evaporator, heat pump application, district heating application, industrial heating application, and energy saver.

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