Apparatus and method for device alerting and paging

Abstract

An apparatus can be configured to receive, from a second apparatus, a message for paging; detect, based on the message, an indication of a coverage alert trigger for a first apparatus, wherein the indication is based on at least one of a time domain characteristic of the message, a frequency domain characteristic of the message, or a modification to an identification of the first apparatus included in the message; and perform at least one action based on the detected coverage alert trigger. Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application generally relates to information technology. Some example embodiments of this application relate to providing an alarm and paging indication to a device in a paging message, and further providing a device identifier of the target device to be alarmed. Background Technology

[0002] For example, paging is a mechanism used to notify a user equipment (UE) of an incoming call or message. The UE may be in idle mode, in which it does not actively transmit or receive data, and its radio interface is in low-power mode to conserve battery power. In this mode, the UE is not assigned to any specific cell but periodically monitors the paging channel to detect incoming calls or messages. When the UE receives a paging message, it enters a connected state to establish a connection with the network and initiate a service request. The paging message may be sent to the paging channel of the cell where the UE is most likely located. However, in some cases, the UE may be unable to receive or decode the paging message. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This summary is provided to introduce, in a simplified form, a set of concepts that will be further described in the detailed embodiments described below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0004] The example embodiment can implicitly indicate alarm triggering for the paged device. For example, the alarm triggering indication can be received from the second device in response to the first device failing to respond to a paging message. Alarm triggering enables the first device to issue an alarm or alert for coverage issues. This can be achieved through the features of the independent claim. Further implementations are provided in the dependent claims, description, and drawings.

[0005] According to a first aspect, a first device is disclosed. The first device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to at least: receive a message for paging from a second device; and detect, based on the message, an indication for triggering an overlay alarm for the first device, wherein the indication is based on at least one of the following: The time-domain characteristics of this message; The frequency domain characteristics of the message; or Modification of the identifier of the first device included in the message; and Perform at least one action based on the detected overlay alarm.

[0006] According to a second aspect, a second device is disclosed. The second device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to at least: detect a failure of a first device to respond to a paging message; determine, based on the detected failure, to issue an alarm for coverage against the first device; and transmit a paging message to the first device, the message indicating that an coverage alarm for the first device is triggered, wherein the indication for triggering the coverage alarm is based on at least one of the following: The time-domain characteristics of this message; The frequency domain characteristics of the message; or Modification of the identifier of the first device included in the message.

[0007] According to a third aspect, a method is disclosed. The method may include: receiving a paging message from a second device; detecting, based on the message, an indication of a coverage alarm triggering for a first device, wherein the indication is based on at least one of: time-domain characteristics of the message, frequency characteristics of the message, or a modification of a device identifier of the first device included in the message; and performing at least one action based on the detected coverage alarm triggering.

[0008] According to a fourth aspect, a method is disclosed. The method may include: detecting a failure of a first device to respond to a paging message; determining, based on the detected failure, to issue an alarm to the first device for coverage; and transmitting a paging message to the first device, the message indicating that a coverage alarm for the first device has been triggered, wherein the indication of triggering the coverage alarm is based on at least one of the following: The time-domain characteristics of this message; The frequency domain characteristics of the message; or Modification of the identifier of the first device included in the message.

[0009] According to a fifth aspect, a first device is disclosed. The first device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to at least: receive from a second device at least one of the following: a paging downlink control information (DCI) message configured to schedule paging messages; or a paging message; determine whether at least one of the paging DCI message or the paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device, wherein the determination is based on at least one of a time-domain location or a frequency-domain location of the paging DCI message or the paging message; and perform at least one action based on the determination that at least one of the paging DCI message or the paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device.

[0010] According to a sixth aspect, a second device is disclosed. The second device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to at least: detect a failure of a first device to respond to a first paging message; determine, based on the detected failure, to issue an alarm to the first device for coverage; and transmit to the first device at least one of the following: a paging downlink control information (DCI) message configured to schedule the transmission of a second paging message; or a second paging message, wherein at least one of the paging DCI message or the second paging message indicates that a coverage alarm has been triggered for the first device, wherein the indication of triggering the coverage alarm is based on at least one of a time-domain location or a frequency-domain location of the paging DCI message or the paging message.

[0011] According to a seventh aspect, a method is disclosed. The method may include: receiving from a second device at least one of the following: a paging downlink control information (DCI) message configured to schedule paging messages; or a paging message; determining whether at least one of the paging DCI message or the paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for a first device, wherein the determination is based on at least one of a time-domain location or a frequency-domain location of the paging DCI message or the paging message; and performing at least one action based on the determination that at least one of the paging DCI message or the paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device.

[0012] According to the eighth aspect, a method is disclosed. The method may include: detecting a failure of a first device to respond to a first paging message; determining, based on the detected failure, to issue an alarm for coverage against the first device; and transmitting to the first device at least one of the following: a paging downlink control information (DCI) message configured to schedule the transmission of a second paging message; or a second paging message, wherein at least one of the paging DCI message or the second paging message indicates that a coverage alarm has been triggered for the first device, wherein the indication of triggering the coverage alarm is based on at least one of a time-domain location or a frequency-domain location of the paging DCI message or the paging message.

[0013] According to a ninth aspect, a first device is disclosed. The first device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to at least: receive a paging message including a device identifier from a second device; determine whether the device identifiers include a modified identifier of the first device, wherein the modified identifier is obtained by modifying the original identifier of the first device according to a mapping rule; based on determining that the device identifiers include the modified identifier, determine that the paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device; and perform at least one action based on the coverage alarm trigger.

[0014] According to a tenth aspect, a second device is disclosed. The second device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to at least: detect a failure of a first device to respond to a first paging message; determine, based on the detected failure, to issue an alarm for coverage against the first device; modify the identifier of the first device according to a mapping rule; and transmit to the first device a second paging message indicating that a coverage alarm for the first device has been triggered, wherein the indication of triggering the coverage alarm is based on the modified identifier of the first device included in the second paging message.

[0015] According to the eleventh aspect, a method is disclosed. The method may include: receiving a paging message including device identifiers from a second device; determining whether the device identifiers include a modified identifier of a first device, wherein the modified identifier is obtained by modifying the original identifier of the first device according to a mapping rule; determining, based on the determination that the device identifiers include the modified identifier, that the paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device; and performing at least one action based on the coverage alarm trigger.

[0016] According to the twelfth aspect, a method is disclosed. The method may include: detecting a failure of a first device to respond to a first paging message; determining, based on the detected failure, to issue an alarm for coverage against the first device; modifying the identifier of the first device according to a mapping rule; and transmitting to the first device a second paging message indicating that a coverage alarm has been triggered for the first device, wherein the indication of triggering the coverage alarm is based on the modified identifier of the first device included in the second paging message.

[0017] According to a thirteenth aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. This apparatus may include components for performing the methods according to the third, fourth, seventh, eighth, eleventh, or twelfth aspects or any example embodiments thereof provided in the specification and / or claims.

[0018] According to the sixteenth aspect, a computer program, computer program product, or (non-transitory) computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer program, computer program product, or (non-transitory) computer-readable medium may include instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the method according to the third, fourth, seventh, eighth, eleventh, or twelfth aspects or any example embodiments thereof provided in the specification and / or claims.

[0019] Any example embodiment may be combined with one or more other example embodiments. These and other aspects of this disclosure will become apparent from the example embodiments described below. The subject matter of the independent claims is provided according to some aspects. Additional aspects are defined in the dependent claims. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are included in this specification to provide a further understanding of the exemplary embodiments and form part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, help to explain the exemplary embodiments. In the drawings: Figure 1 An example of a communication network including a network node and one or more client nodes according to an exemplary embodiment is shown; Figure 2 An example of a device configured to implement one or more example embodiments is shown; Figure 3 An example of a message sequence diagram is shown, according to an example embodiment, in which a network node warns a UE of a coverage problem based on one or more time-domain locations of a message used for paging; Figure 4 An example is shown of triggering a UE coverage alarm based on the time-domain location of at least one paging timing, according to an example embodiment; Figure 5 An example of a message sequence diagram is shown, according to an example embodiment, in which a network node warns a UE of a coverage problem based on one or more frequency domain locations of a message used for paging; Figure 6 An example is shown of triggering a UE coverage alarm based on the frequency domain location of a received paging message, according to an example embodiment. Figure 7 An example message sequence diagram is shown, according to an example embodiment, in which a network node simultaneously issues a coverage alarm to a UE and pages the UE; and Figures 8 to 13 An example of a method for overriding alarm triggering, according to an example embodiment, is shown.

[0021] In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same parts. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Example embodiments will now be described in detail, with examples of these example embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The specific implementations provided below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, are intended to describe this example and are not intended to represent the only form in which this example can be constructed or utilized. This description illustrates the functionality of the example and the possible order of operations for constructing and operating the example. However, different examples may achieve the same or equivalent functionality and order.

[0023] Figure 1An example of a communication network including network nodes and one or more client nodes is shown. Communication network 100 may include one or more base stations represented by gNBs 104, 106, and 108, and one or more client nodes represented by UEs 102 and 112. Client nodes may also be referred to as user nodes or user equipment. Each gNB may provide coverage within a geographical area called a cell for transmitting voice, data, and other types of content. For example, gNBs 104, 106, and 108 may be associated with cells 114, 116, and 118, respectively. Communication network 100 may also include one or more core network elements 110, such as Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) and / or User Plane Functions (UPF). The AMF may be configured to receive connection and session request related data from UEs 102 and 112 (e.g., via gNBs). The AMF may be configured to control connection and mobility management in communication network 100. UEs 102 and 112 may communicate with one or more base stations via radio channels. Communication between UE 102, UE 112, gNB104, gNB 106, and gNB 108 can be bidirectional. Therefore, any device can be configured to operate as a transmitter and / or receiver.

[0024] Base stations can be configured to communicate with core network elements via communication interfaces (e.g., control plane interfaces or user plane interfaces NG-C / U). Base stations may also be referred to as radio access network (RAN) nodes, and they can be part of the radio access network between core network 110 and UEs 102 and 112. Network elements AMF / UPF and gNB can generally be referred to as network nodes or network devices. Although depicted as a single device, a network node may not be a standalone device, but rather a distributed computing system, for example, coupled to a remote radio head.

[0025] The communication network 100 may be a non-terrestrial network. A non-terrestrial network (NTN) is a wireless communication system that operates above the Earth's surface and uses satellites, drones, and other aircraft to provide wireless connectivity over a wider coverage area than a terrestrial network. In one embodiment, one or more of gNBs 104, 106, and 108 may be installed on an aircraft or spacecraft.

[0026] Communication network 100 can be configured, for example, according to a fifth-generation cellular communication network as defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In one example, communication network 100 may operate according to 3GPP 5G-NR. However, it should be understood that the example embodiments presented herein are not limited to this exemplary network and can be applied to any current or future wireless or wired communication network (such as 6G) or a combination thereof, such as other types of cellular networks, short-range wireless networks, broadcast or multicast networks, etc.

[0027] When a UE is not actively transmitting or receiving data, it enters idle mode. In this mode, the UE periodically monitors the paging channel to detect incoming calls or messages. The communication network 100 can use paging to indicate to UEs in idle / inactive modes that data is available to them, thereby instructing the UE to return to RRC (Radio Resource Control) connected mode. When the network needs to communicate with a UE in idle mode, it initiates a paging message. The paging message is sent to the paging channel of the cell where the UE is most likely located. The UE can use discontinuous reception (DRX) in RRC idle or RRC inactive modes to reduce power consumption. The UE can monitor a paging opportunity (PO) in each DRX cycle. A PO is a set of PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) monitoring opportunities and can consist of multiple time slots (e.g., subframes or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM symbols) in which paging downlink control information (DCI) can be transmitted. A paging frame (PF) is a radio frame and can contain one or more POs or the start point of a PO.

[0028] In multi-beam operation, the UE assumes that the same paging message and the same short message are repeated in all transmitted beams. Therefore, the beam selected for receiving paging messages and short messages is determined by the UE implementation. A short message may refer to one or more bits that the base station can include in the paging DCI message (PDCCH message) that schedules paging messages. Short messages can indicate, for example, system information changes, Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) indications, etc. One or more of these bits can be further used to signal other information, such as providing indications of information related to coverage alerts. The paging message can be the same for both RAN (Radio Access Network)-initiated paging and CN (Core Network)-initiated paging. For example, UE 102,112 can initiate an RRC connection restoration procedure upon receiving a RAN-initiated paging. If UE 102,112 receives a CN-initiated paging while in an RRC inactive state, UE 102,112 can move to an RRC idle state and notify the NAS (Non-Access Stratum) of the state change.

[0029] Although a PO is defined as a set of PDCCH monitoring opportunities, such PDCCH opportunities can include a PDCCH carrying a DCI format 1_0 with CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) scrambled by a P-RNTI (Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier). This PDCCH then schedules a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) carrying a paging message indicating the ID (identifier) ​​of the paged UE. The ID can be, for example, a 5G-S Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (5G-S-TMSI). In other words, for a UE to successfully decode the paging message, both the scheduled PDCCH and the scheduled PDSCH need to be successfully decoded. The paged UE's ID is carried in an information element (IE) called a paging record. The paging record is included in a paging record list, which is in turn carried in the paging IE. The maximum number of UEs addressed in a paging record may be limited. A paging record may include, for example, 32 UE IDs.

[0030] When UEs 102 and 112 do not receive a paging message correctly, they cannot respond to the paging. The network can detect the UE's failure to respond to the paging. For example, if the UE does not respond within a specific period after the paging is transmitted, the network can determine that the UE failed to respond to the paging. For example, the UE may be in poor coverage. Based on the detection of the UE's failure to respond to the paging, the network can provide an alert to the end user of UEs 102 and 112 to prompt them to move the device to a better location and restart communication with the network (e.g., an NTN network). For example, this alert may be called an alarm, coverage alarm, coverage alert, poor coverage notification, or coverage notification.

[0031] For example, the network can paging the UE. If no response is received from the UE, the network can send a coverage alarm to the UE, such as a DL (downlink) coverage alarm. The UE decodes the coverage alarm. In response to the decoded coverage alarm, the end user is alerted. For example, the alarm can be presented to the end user visually on the UE's display, or it can be audible or tactile. The alarm is configured to instruct the end user that the UE should be moved to a better location to improve coverage. In the case that the UE is an autonomous device, the alarm can be configured to instruct the UE to move to a better location to improve coverage.

[0032] After the end user has moved the UE to a location with better coverage, the network can repeat paging or wait for an MO (Mobile Initiated) session.

[0033] In addition to providing alerts to end users, or alternatively, the UE can be configured to perform one or more actions to improve coverage. For example, the UE can be configured to perform at least one of the following: notify a user of a first device of a coverage-related problem, move or instruct the user to move to a location with improved coverage, or activate one or more antennas to improve link budget. This action may require user input or user action to move the UE to a location with better coverage. In cases where the UE moves autonomously to a location with better coverage or autonomously activates one or more antennas to improve link budget, user input may not be required.

[0034] For example, when a UE is located in an area with poor coverage, it may be unable to receive and respond to paging. When in poor coverage, for example, RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) and / or RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) may be below acceptable levels. Coverage may be affected by terrain and obstacles (such as buildings, trees, and hills that affect signal propagation), or by antenna configuration. Therefore, in response to a coverage alarm triggering, the UE can move or be moved to a location with improved coverage, or the UE can adjust its antennas to improve link budget and optimize coverage.

[0035] Multiple UEs can receive paging in the same PO. However, for a group of UEs monitoring paging in the same PO, coverage alarms may only be intended to be triggered and received by the end user of one (or some) of the UEs. For example, if coverage alarms are defined by PO (i.e., addressing all UEs monitoring the same PO), it may cause annoyance or disturbance to the end user because UEs with good channel conditions will also trigger coverage alarms to the end user.

[0036] One objective is to implement UE-specific coverage alert messages, which can be communicated to the UE explicitly or implicitly. For example, if the UE does not respond to a previous paging attempt by the base station, the base station may decide to trigger a coverage alert. Whether to trigger a coverage alert is determined by the network implementation.

[0037] Example embodiments may provide a method enabling a UE to determine whether the network has sent a coverage alert message to the UE based on implicit indications. For example, the UE may be configured to determine whether the network has sent a coverage alert message to the UE based on the time and / or frequency characteristics of the transmitted paging DCI and / or paging messages (i.e., PDCCH and / or PDSCH). In one embodiment, a network entity may be configured to concurrently transmit the paging message and the coverage alert message in a single paging message. UE-specific coverage alert messages may be conveyed based on the characteristics of the paging signal containing the ID of the specific UE.

[0038] According to the example embodiment, determining whether the network sent / triggered a coverage alert message is based on the time-domain location of one or more paging events within the PO monitored by the UE, i.e., based on the PDDCH monitoring event. Alternatively, the determination of whether the network sent / triggered a coverage alert message is based on the time-domain location of the paging message (PDSCH).

[0039] According to the example embodiment, determining whether the network has sent a coverage alarm message is based on the frequency domain location of the paging DCI carried in the PDCCH or the paging message / record carried in the PDSCH.

[0040] According to the example embodiment, the determination of whether to transmit an alarm is based on the time domain location of the PO and the frequency domain location of the paging message / record carried in the paging DCI or PDSCH.

[0041] The configuration of one or more time-domain and / or frequency-domain locations providing implicit coverage alarm indication can be provided by the network or pre-configured at the UE. In the latter scenario, the UE ID can be used to define whether a specific time and / or frequency location in a PO / paging message indicates a coverage alarm. If the configuration is explicitly provided by the network (CN paging), it can originate from the AMF or another core network entity and be included in the NGAP protocol (Next Generation Application Protocol) as part of the paging message. In the case of RAN paging, the configuration can originate from the anchor node and be provided to other cells in the RAN notification area as part of the UE context. The anchor node can refer to a RAN node where the UE was recently in RRC connected mode and subsequently released to RRC inactive mode. The anchor node can retain some information about the UE (UE context), including security, which it can pass to other base stations if the UE responds to paging in the RAN notification area. The RAN notification area (RNA) is a single cell or a group of cells belonging to one or more base stations and can be restricted to the CN registration area. If the latest base station serving the UE receives downlink data from the UPF or signaling from the AMF, the base station sends a paging message to each cell in the RNA. The paging message can also be sent to neighboring base stations belonging to the RNA via the Xn interface, which supports procedures on both the control plane and user plane.

[0042] According to an example embodiment, the UE can be configured to determine whether the network has transmitted an alarm message to the UE based on UE identifier manipulation (e.g., bit flipping, scrambling, or masking the UE identifier bits) carried in the PDSCH. By manipulating the UE identifier, it can be specified whether the alarm is intended for a specific UE. Furthermore, this manipulation can also be used to convey additional information to the UE.

[0043] In one embodiment, UE ID manipulation is based on any changes or modifications applied to the original UE ID, such that the resulting changed or modified UE ID differs from all original UE IDs within a UE group used for PO monitoring. Therefore, all UEs within a group can be addressed unambiguously. In other words, a modified value for one UE ID will not map to the original UE ID of another UE within the same group. In one embodiment, the UE ID can be changed or modified to enable the UE to monitor different POs and also different paging frames. Furthermore, UE identification manipulation can be configured to provide the alerted UE with additional information, such as information related to random access configuration.

[0044] The UE receiving the alert may be a UE in poor coverage, which may have been paged normally, but the network has not yet received any response from the UE. For example, the UE may not have initiated a random access procedure or small data transmission procedure based on the network's paging of the UE. Therefore, the UE needs to receive a coverage alert message.

[0045] A normal UE can refer to a UE that can be paged via paging (normal or conventional paging). For example, any UE that is paged for the first time (even in poor coverage) is considered a normal UE in this document.

[0046] Advantages of the example implementation may include enabling the base station to warn certain UEs that they should be moved to a different physical location or that their antenna configuration should be changed to improve the communication link budget after paging. To avoid paging resource fragmentation and to avoid limiting the scheduling performed by the gNB, coverage alert messages for alerted UEs and paging messages for normal UEs can be carried concurrently in a single message. Including coverage alert messages for alerted UEs and paging messages for normal UEs in the same message (a single message) can save resources. This can be achieved by using a modified identifier of the normal UE to be paged in the paging message. The UE identifier may refer to the UE's device identifier. In some examples, the modified identifier of the alerted UE may be used to indicate a coverage alert message for the alerted UE, while the original identifier of the normal UE may be used to indicate a paging message for the normal UE.

[0047] Figure 2 An example of a device 200 configured to implement one or more example embodiments is shown.

[0048] Device 200 may include at least one processor 202. At least one processor 202 may include one or more of various processing devices, such as, for example, a coprocessor, microprocessor, controller, digital signal processor (DSP), processing circuitry with or without an accompanying DSP, or various other processing devices including integrated circuits, such as, for example, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), microcontroller unit (MCU), hardware accelerator, dedicated computer chip, etc.

[0049] Device 200 may also include at least one memory 204. At least one memory 204 may be configured to store, for example, computer program code 206, such as operating system software and application software. At least one memory 204 may include one or more volatile memory devices, one or more non-volatile memory devices, and / or combinations thereof. For example, memory 204 may be embodied as a magnetic storage device (such as a hard disk drive, magnetic tape, etc.), an optical storage device, or a semiconductor memory (such as a mask ROM, PROM (programmable ROM), EPROM (erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (random access memory), etc.).

[0050] Device 200 may also include one or more communication interfaces 208 configured to enable device 200 to transmit information to and / or receive information from other devices. Communication interface 208 may be configured to provide at least one radio connection, such as, for example, a 3GPP mobile broadband connection (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, or later). However, communication interface 208 may be configured to provide one or more other types of connections, such as wireless local area network (WLAN) connections, such as those standardized by the IEEE 802.11 series or the Wi-Fi Alliance; short-range wireless network connections, such as, for example, Bluetooth, NFC (Near Field Communication), or RFID connections; wired connections, such as, for example, local area network (LAN) connections, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections, or optical network connections; or wired internet connections. Communication interface 208 may include or be configured to be coupled to at least one antenna to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. One or more of the various types of connections may also be implemented as a separate communication interface, which may be coupled to or configured to be coupled to multiple antennas.

[0051] Device 200 may also include a user interface 210, which includes input devices and / or output devices. Input devices may take various forms, such as a keyboard, touchscreen, or one or more embedded control buttons. Output devices may include, for example, a display, speaker, vibration motor, etc. Output devices may be configured to provide information to the end user of device 200, for example, in the form of notifications such as push notifications.

[0052] When device 200 is configured to perform a certain function, one or more components of device 200 (e.g., at least one processor 202 and / or memory 204) may be configured to perform that function. Furthermore, when at least one processor 202 is configured to perform a function, that function may be implemented using, for example, program code 206 included in memory 204.

[0053] The functions described herein can be performed, at least in part, by one or more computer program product components, such as software components. According to an embodiment, device 200 includes a processor or processor circuitry, such as a microcontroller, configured by program code to perform embodiments of the described operations and functions when executed. Alternatively or additionally, the functions described herein can be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. Examples, but not limited to, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and graphics processing units (GPUs).

[0054] The device 200 includes components for performing at least one method described herein. In one example, the components include at least one processor 202 and at least one memory 204, the at least one memory 204 including program code 206 configured to cause the device 200 to perform the method when executed by the at least one processor 202.

[0055] Device 200 may include, for example, computing devices such as base stations, network nodes, server devices, core network devices, client nodes, mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, etc. In one example, device 200 may include a vehicle, such as an automobile or a drone. In one example, the vehicle may be an autonomous vehicle. Although device 200 is shown as a single device, it should be understood that, where applicable, the functionality of device 200 may be distributed across multiple devices.

[0056] Figure 3 An example signaling flowchart for providing a UE-specific coverage alarm message is shown according to an example embodiment. This signaling can be executed between a user node such as UE 102 and a network such as gNB 104.

[0057] At position 300, UE 102 can be configured to obtain paging information from gNB 104. Based on the paging information, UE 102 identifies the paging frame and the paging timing. Here, it can be assumed that the DRX period is 32 frames (320ms).

[0058] At 302, gNB 104 can provide UE 102 with configuration for coverage alarm messages. This configuration may include indications of one or more POs in which UE 102 can expect to receive coverage alarm messages. The one or more POs may include a subset of POs within a specific set of POs. The subset of POs monitored by UE 102 may be tagged or numbered as follows: If in a specific time domain location and, for example, in an even number (e.g., , Transmitting a PDCCH in an odd number of POs (such as , ...) or an odd number of POs can trigger an overlay alarm. The time reference used to mark / number POs can be based on the system frame number (SFN) and can be obtained from sources such as The network configuration value begins, where the first PO (or DRX cycle) is... The network can also be configured to provide an explicit time reference instead of an SFN.

[0059] For example, at 302, coverage alarm messages can be configured to be transmitted in even-numbered POs. Additionally, gNB 104 can configure parameters for UE 102. That is, UE 102 then considers the DRX cycle in order to monitor POs that may be carrying alarm messages before switching to the default behavior. Multiples of. That is, a subset of POs can be included in the set of POs within multiple configured DRX cycles.

[0060] Alternatively, if at a specific time and / or in the preceding Transmitting a PDCCH within any PO within a PO can trigger an overlay alarm, where , Or finally One PO, that is Any PO in , Similar to previous embodiments with an even / odd number of POs, the time reference used to mark / number the POs can be based on the system frame number (SFN) and from... (or another network configuration value) begins, where the first PO (or DRX cycle) is .

[0061] In another implementation, if PDCCH is in any predefined subset or pattern of PO (from the set) If the transmission occurs within a certain range, an alarm is triggered, where this mode is configured by higher-layer signaling. For example, this mode can be configured as part of the paging search space set information element. For instance, coverage alarms can be provided every Xth PO, starting with an offset y relative to PO0, such as PO1 (where y=1), PO... 1+ x、PO 1+2 x etc.

[0062] In one embodiment, the UE ID of only the alarmed UE can be included in the paging message (bearer via PDSCH) scheduled by PDCCH, wherein the PDCCH PO is determined based on a configured subset of POs.

[0063] At position 304, gNB 104 can normally page UE 102 in a PO (i.e., in an odd PO, such as PO1). Here, it is assumed that the paging DCI is transmitted via the 4th PDCCH candidate. Subsequently, UE 102 fails to decode the PDSCH. Therefore, UE 102 fails to respond to the paging.

[0064] After unsuccessful decoding, at point 306, UE 102 is configured to monitor even-numbered POs to receive potential alarm message indications in the PDCCH. Figure 3 In the example, the UE is configured to monitor an even number of POs. In some other examples, the UE may be configured to monitor the configured PO. Alternative configurations have been described above.

[0065] At 308, gNB 104 is configured to trigger a coverage alarm message. gNB 104 can be configured to trigger a coverage alarm message in response to the detection that UE 102 has failed to respond to a paging message. This detection can be performed by gNB 104, or gNB 104 can receive information about the failure from other network nodes (RAN or CN). gNB 104 can be configured to transmit a second paging message or paging record carried by a second PDSCH, wherein the PDCCH scheduling the second PDSCH is now transmitted in the next available "even" PO (i.e., PO2).

[0066] At 310, UE 102 can receive and successfully decode the second PDSCH. Based on the decoded PDSCH, UE 102 can identify its own UE identifier and trigger a coverage alarm to the end user. For example, UE 102 can display a notification of the coverage alarm to the end user. For example, the notification can be visible, audible, or tactile. The notification can instruct the end user to move the UE to a location with improved coverage compared to its current location. As another example, UE 102 can be configured to move or be instructed to move to a location with improved coverage based on the detection of a coverage alarm trigger (e.g., when the UE can move autonomously). As a further example, UE 102 can be configured to activate one or more antennas to improve link budget based on a coverage alarm trigger.

[0067] For example, UE 102 can be configured to determine whether a coverage alarm message is triggered by gNB 104 based on the time-domain location of the paging message (PDSCH). For example, the scheduling timing between the paging DCI and the paging message can be used to trigger the alarm message. For example, time slot offset... Some values ​​can be used to trigger overlay alerts.

[0068] Figure 4 An example of the concept of triggering an overlay alarm during even-numbered paging times, according to an example embodiment, is shown. Figure 4 In, it is shown that has Figure 3 The configuration described in the document covers the triggering of alarms.

[0069] Assuming the DRX period is a multiple of 400, M=6, the DRX period is 32 frames, and the paging DCI can be transmitted via 8 potential PDCCH candidates within the PO. The time reference 414 used to number the PO is based on the SFN, and from... Let's begin. Further assume there are two paging frames per DRX cycle 400. Therefore, there can be two UE groups (UE group 1 and 2), and... Figure 4 Only the PF of UE group 1, which includes UE 102, is shown.

[0070] Figure 4 Example time-domain locations for even-numbered PO 402 and odd-numbered PO 404 are also shown, where POs are numbered consecutively starting from time reference 414. In this example, POs located within six DRX periods are numbered from PO0 to PO5. Furthermore, for simplicity, it is assumed that each PF is associated with only one PO.

[0071] Reference Figure 3 In the example described, at 304, gNB 104 may transmit a paging DCI to UE 102 via the fourth PDCCH 406 located in odd PO 402, and UE 102 subsequently fails to decode PDSCH (paging message) 408. After detecting this failure, gNB 104 decides to warn UE 102 of a coverage problem. This coverage problem involves poor coverage.

[0072] Figure 4 An example of a PDCCH (Paging DCI) 410 transmitted at 308 is also shown, wherein PDCCH 410 schedules a second PDSCH (Paging Message) 412 received by UE 102 at 310 in the next even-numbered PO (PO2) 404. Because at least one of PDCCH 410 or PDSCH 412 is received in an even-numbered PO, UE 102 detects that a coverage alarm has been triggered for UE 102.

[0073] Figure 5An example signaling flowchart for providing UE-specific alarm messages is shown according to another embodiment. Signaling can be performed between user nodes such as UE 102 and networks such as gNB 104.

[0074] At position 500, UE 102 can be configured to obtain paging information from gNB 104. Based on the paging information, UE 102 identifies the paging frame and paging timing. Here, it is again assumed that the DRX period is 32 frames (320ms).

[0075] At 502, gNB 104 can provide UE 102 with configuration for triggering coverage alarm messages. This configuration can include configuring and indicating to UE 102 a range of resource blocks (PRBs) within which transmitting paging messages (PDSCHs) will be considered alarm-triggered. In other words, UE 102 can be configured such that if a paging DCI or paging message is located within a PRB within the x:y range of a control resource set (CORESET) or active BWP (bandwidth portion), a coverage alarm message is considered to have been sent; if the message is outside these resources, a coverage alarm is considered not to have been sent, and vice versa. This range could be, for example, […]. .

[0076] For example, the configuration for triggering a coverage alarm message for UE 102 may include indicating which control channel elements (CCEs) carry the paging DCI. Alternatively, the configuration may indicate the frequency domain index of the first resource element group constituting the CCE. The configuration may also indicate the frequency domain index of the physical resource block or subcarrier of the active bandwidth portion.

[0077] At 504, gNB 104 paged UE 102 in PO. However, at 506, UE 102 failed to decode PDSCH and therefore did not respond to gNB 104 for the paging.

[0078] At 508, gNB 104 is configured to trigger a coverage alarm message when UE 102 fails to respond to a paging request. gNB 104 can detect this failure itself, or it can receive information about the failure from other network nodes (RAN or CN). gNB 104 can be configured to configure a second paging message (or paging record) carried by a second PDSCH, wherein the PDCCH scheduling the second PDSCH indicates / configures the range. Frequency domain resource allocation within the domain. For example, the indicated frequency domain resource allocation could be... .

[0079] At position 510, UE 102 can receive and successfully decode the second PDSCH. UE 102 can also identify its identifier from the decoded PDSCH and trigger a coverage alarm to the end user of UE 102. For example, UE 102 can display a notification of the coverage alarm to the end user. For example, the notification can be visible, audible, or tactile. The notification can instruct the end user to move the UE to a location with improved coverage compared to its current location. As another example, UE 102 can be configured to move or be instructed to move to a location with improved coverage based on the detection of a coverage alarm trigger (e.g., when the UE can move autonomously). As a further example, UE 102 can be configured to activate one or more antennas to improve link budget based on a coverage alarm trigger.

[0080] For example, UE 102 can be configured to detect that it is the specific UE being alarmed based on the fact that UE 102's UE ID is included in the paging message of the PDSCH. If UE 102's UE ID is included in the paging message, it means that UE 102 has been paged.

[0081] For example, UE 102 can be configured to determine whether an alarm message has been transmitted to UE 102 based on the time-domain location of PO and the frequency-domain location of the paging message carried in the paging DCI or PDSCH. Figure 3 and Figure 5 As stated above.

[0082] Figure 6 An example of a coverage alarm concept triggered by paging message transmission within a predefined PRB range, according to an example embodiment, is shown. Figure 6 In, it is shown that has Figure 5 The configuration described in the document covers the triggering of alarms.

[0083] Assume DRX cycle 400 is 32 frames, and paging DCI can be transmitted via the 8 potential PDCCH candidates of the PO. Further assume there are two paging frames per DRX cycle 400. Therefore, two UE groups (UE groups 1 and 2) can exist, and... Figure 6 Only the PF of UE group 1, which includes UE 102, is shown.

[0084] Figure 6 Example frequency domain locations are shown for paging DCIs carried in PDCCHs or PDSCHs configured to trigger coverage alarms. Furthermore, for simplicity, it is assumed that each PF is associated with only one PO. (See reference...) Figure 5 In the example described, at 504, gNB 104 can be in PRB range 602 that is configured for normal paging without triggering an overlay alarm (e.g., The paging DCI 606 was transmitted to UE 102 in the PO, and UE 102 subsequently failed to decode PDSCH (paging message) 608. After detecting this failure, gNB 104 decided to warn UE 102 of a coverage problem. This coverage problem involves poor coverage.

[0085] Figure 5 Also shown is at 508, in PRB range 604 which is configured to indicate coverage alarm triggering (e.g. An example of a PDCCH (Paging DCI Message) 610 transmitted in a PO within a PO. PDCCH 610 schedules a second PDSCH (Paging Message) 612 received by UE 102 at 510. Because at least one of the received PDCCH 610 or PDSCH 612 is within the PRB range configured to indicate a coverage alarm trigger, UE 102 detects that a coverage alarm has been triggered for UE 102. Although the figure shows the PDSCH scheduled to be received in a PO within the PRB range 604, the PDSCH could also be scheduled to be received outside the PO.

[0086] By including the paging IDs (UE IDs) of the alarmed UE(s) only in the PDSCH carrying the paging message, it is possible to send alarms only to the alarmed UE(s) (or trigger coverage alarms only at the alarmed UE(s)) without mistakenly sending alarms to normal UE(s) in the same PO monitoring group as the alarmed UE(s). This allows for efficient transmission of coverage alarms. However, this design may reduce the network's paging capacity. For example, if the alarm is designed to trigger in an odd-numbered PO, and a paging message for a normal UE in the same group as the alarmed UE also needs to be transmitted in one of those odd-numbered POs, the network may need to delay the paging transmission for that normal UE by one DRX cycle so that it can be transmitted in the next even-numbered PO. Figure 3 and Figure 5 The design approach may lead to paging resource fragmentation (limited range of available POs and PRBs) and restrict the gNB scheduler. To avoid these drawbacks, a method is provided to concurrently carry alarm messages to one or more alarmed UEs and paging messages to normal UEs in a single message.

[0087] Figure 7 An example signaling flowchart is shown, based on an example embodiment, for providing UE-specific coverage alarm messages using UE identifier manipulation.

[0088] Here, we assume that four UEs are grouped together (UE group 1) and have the same paging frame for paging monitoring. These four UEs can be referred to as UE1, UE2, UE3, and UE4, with identifiers UE1-ID=4, UE2-ID=8, UE3-ID=12, and UE4-ID=16, respectively. Furthermore, we assume one PO per PF, a 32-frame DRX period, and the number of PFs within one DRX period. and paging frame offset Therefore, the "UE Group 1" PF (relative to the SFN number) includes frame numbers 17, 49, 81, etc. Similar to... Figure 5 For example, suppose a subset of the PRB range is used to indicate alarm messages, i.e. .

[0089] At point 700, each UE (UE1, UE2, UE3, UE4) can be configured to obtain paging information from the network. However, in Figure 7 Only the signaling between UE1 (such as UE 102), UE2 (such as UE 112), and the network (such as gNB 102) is shown. Based on the paging information, UE 102 and UE 112 can identify the paging frame and paging timing.

[0090] At 702, gNB 104 can provide configuration for triggering coverage alarm messages and declaring coverage alarms. This configuration may include indicating the PRB range (such as range) to UEs 102 and 112. Instruction 704 states that transmitting a paging message (PDSCH) within this range will be considered as triggering a coverage alarm for an alarmed UE, and may also declare a coverage alarm for a normal UE.

[0091] Additionally, gNB 104 can provide configuration parameter 706 required to modify the UE ID based on mapping rules. Mapping rules can include UE ID manipulation, which is configured to add or subtract a value from the original UE ID. To change or modify the original UE ID, where Pick Values ​​within the range. Here, This refers to the number of PFs in each DRX cycle. In other words, the above addition or subtraction ensures that the modified UE ID is outside the list of all UE IDs within a UE group monitored by the PO in the same PF. For example, if any of the four UEs requires UE ID manipulation, gNB 104 will... The modified UE2-ID is added to the original UE ID. For example, UE2-ID=8+1=9 could indicate that the alarm is not intended for UE2 (i.e., UE 112). Therefore, gNB 104 could indicate parameter X=1 in parameter 706. In some examples, UE ID manipulation could include performing a mathematical operation on the original UE ID. This mathematical operation could be at least one of addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.

[0092] For example, UE ID modification could be to satisfy modulo operation. The original UE ID is mapped to satisfy Any generic mapping rule for any modified UE ID, where X takes Values ​​within the range.

[0093] For example, UE ID modification can be implemented in the bit field. For instance, bit field modification may include flipping some predefined bits, i.e., defining a specific subset of bits for the UE ID. Alternatively, bit field modification may include scrambling a subset of the UE ID bits or permuting the UE ID bits.

[0094] At 708, for example, gNB 104 pages UE 102 in PF 49 (within the corresponding PO), where the paging DCI scheduling must be within the PRB range designated for normal paging (such as...). The paging message is transmitted within the device. However, at 710, UE 102 may be unable to decode the PDSCH (e.g., due to poor coverage caused by the handheld device being in a backpack). Therefore, gNB 104 does not receive any response and identifies or marks UE 102 as a potential "alarmed UE".

[0095] At 712, in addition to UE 102, UE 112 may also need to be paged. Therefore, gNB 104 triggers a combined transmission of an alarm message (for UE 102) and a normal paging message (for UE 112) in a single message. gNB 104 can utilize the next PF (PF 81) associated with "UE Group 1" as an opportunity to send the combined message. Therefore, the paging DCI (PDCCH) schedule transmitted by gNB 104 at 714 must be within the PRB range. The paging message is transmitted internally. Therefore, this paging message indicates that an overlay alarm has been triggered. In addition, the paging message transmitted by gNB 104 at 716 (referred to as the first paging message for UE2 and the second paging message for UE1) is configured to carry the original UE1-ID (UE1-ID=4) and the modified UE2-ID (UE2-ID=8+1=9) to indicate whether the receiving UE is being alarmed or being paged normally based on the included identifiers.

[0096] At 718, UE 102 can successfully decode the PDSCH. Based on the decoded PDSCH transmitted within the PRB range configured to indicate coverage alarm triggering, UE 102 can identify its ID and trigger an alarm to the end user.

[0097] At 720, UE 112 can successfully decode the PDSCH. Based on the decoded PDSCH, UE 112 can identify its own original ID (UE2-ID=8) after applying the mapping rules, for example, by subtracting the value of X=1 from the modified UE2-ID. Therefore, UE 112 can determine that the alarm is not directed at it, and UE 112 is being paged normally.

[0098] To avoid paging resource fragmentation and to avoid limiting the scheduling performed by the gNB, coverage alarm messages sent to the alarmed UE and paging messages sent to normal UEs can be carried concurrently in a single message.

[0099] The modified UE ID can be used to enable the UE to monitor different POs. For example, the UE can apply the original UD ID when checking if it is paged in a monitored PO, and then check if the paging record in the PDSCH includes the UE's modified ID. Alternatively, the UE can monitor both the PO and the paging message or paging record in the PDSCH based on the modified UE ID. Based on the modification applied to the original ID by the gNB, the UE can determine which PO and / or PF to monitor.

[0100] The modified UE ID can be configured to provide additional information to the alerted UE. In one embodiment, this additional information can relate to the timing relationship between the coverage alert and the RACH procedure. For example, the additional information can indicate or configure the time required for the end user or UE to postpone the RACH procedure. This time can take into account the time it might take for the end user or (autonomous) UE to bring the UE into better coverage conditions. Alternatively, the additional information can indicate the selection among multiple random access configurations (e.g., configuration A and configuration B) to be used by the UE for the RACH procedure.

[0101] Figure 8 An example of a method 800 for overriding alarm triggering according to an example embodiment 1 of method 800 is shown. Method 800 can be performed by a first device.

[0102] At 802, the method may include receiving a paging message from a second device.

[0103] At 804, the method may include detecting an indication of a coverage alarm trigger for a first device based on the message, wherein the indication is based on at least one of the following: The time-domain characteristics of this message; The frequency domain characteristics of the message; or Modification of the identifier of the first device included in the message.

[0104] In 806, the method may include performing at least one action based on a detected overlay alarm trigger.

[0105] Method 800 can be performed, for example, according to any of the following example embodiments: Example 2: According to the method 800 of Example 1, an overlay alarm trigger is included in the paging message because the first device failed to respond to a previous paging message.

[0106] Example 3: According to method 800 of Example 1 or 2, the first device includes a user equipment, and the second device includes a network entity. An example of a user equipment is UE 102. The network entity may be, for example, a core network node or base station, such as gNB 104.

[0107] Example 4: Method 800 according to any one of Example 1 to 3, wherein at least one action includes at least one of the following: notifying a user of the first device of a coverage-related problem, moving or instructing a move to a location with improved coverage, or activating one or more antennas to improve link budget.

[0108] Example 5: According to any one of Example 1 to 4, the paging message includes at least one of the following: a paging downlink control information (DCI) message configured to schedule paging messages; or a paging message.

[0109] Example 6: Method 800 according to any one of Example 1 to 5, wherein one or more parameters configured to indicate coverage alarm triggering are pre-configured and / or received from a second device or network device, the one or more parameters including at least one of the following: - An indication of one or more time-domain locations of the message; - An indication of one or more frequency domain locations of the message; - Mapping rules for modifying the identifier of the first device; or - One or more parameters used to apply mapping rules.

[0110] Example 7: According to method 800 of Example 6, the message is a paging DCI message, and the indication of one or more time-domain locations includes an indication of at least one paging timing for alarm triggering; and wherein overlay alarm triggering is detected based on receiving a paging DCI message in one of the following: Paging timing for odd-numbered numbers; Paging timing for even-numbered numbers; Within a specific range of paging times; or Within the paging time of a specific pattern number.

[0111] Example 8: According to the method 800 of Example 6, the message is a paging DCI message, and the indication of one or more time-domain locations includes an indication of the paging DCI message and the scheduling offset between the paging messages.

[0112] Example 9: In the method 800 of Example 6 or 7, the indication of one or more frequency domain locations includes at least one of the following: Controls the range of physical resource blocks in a resource set or active bandwidth portion; One or more control channel elements; The frequency domain index of the first resource unit group constituting the control channel element; or Frequency domain index of the first physical resource block or subcarrier in the active bandwidth portion.

[0113] Example 10: The method according to any one of Example 5 to 9, wherein the presence of coverage alarm triggering of the first device is further detected based on the inclusion of the identifier of the first device in the paging message.

[0114] Example 11: The method 800 according to any one of Example 1 to 10 further includes applying a mapping rule to determine whether the identifier of the first device has been modified; and when the identifier of the first device is a modified identifier, determining additional information associated with the coverage alarm based on the modification, wherein the additional information is related to a random access procedure to be performed by the first device.

[0115] Example 12: According to the method 800 of Example 11, the additional information indicates at least one of the timing relationships between the triggering of the coverage alarm and the random access procedure; and the method includes delaying the initiation of the random access procedure according to the timing relationship.

[0116] Example 13: Method 800 according to Example 11, wherein additional information includes an indication of selection among a plurality of random access configurations; and the method includes performing a random access procedure based on the selection.

[0117] Example 14: Method 800 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 7, wherein the method includes: applying a mapping rule to determine whether the identifier of a first device included in the message is a modified identifier of the first device, wherein the modified identifier has been obtained by modifying the original identifier of the first device according to the mapping rule; and determining, based on determining that the message includes the modified identifier of the first device, that the message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device.

[0118] Example 15: Method 800 according to any one of Example 1 to 14, wherein, in addition to the indication of coverage alarm triggering for a first device, the paging message also includes a paging message intended for one or more third devices.

[0119] Figure 9 An example of an alarm triggering method 900 according to an exemplary embodiment 1 of method 900 is shown. Method 900 can be performed by a second device.

[0120] In 902, the method may include detecting a failure of the first device to respond to a paging message.

[0121] In 904, the method may include determining to issue an alert to a first device for coverage based on the detected failure.

[0122] At 906, the method may include transmitting to the first device a paging message indicating that a coverage alarm has been triggered for the first device, wherein the indication that the coverage alarm has been triggered is based on at least one of the following: The time-domain characteristics of this message; The frequency domain characteristics of the message; or Modification of the identifier of the first device included in the message.

[0123] Method 900 can be performed, for example, according to any of the following example embodiments: Example Implementation 2: According to the method 900 of Example Implementation 1, the first device includes a user equipment, and the second device includes a network entity. The network entity may be, for example, a core network node or a base station, such as gNB 104. The user equipment may be a UE, such as UE 102.

[0124] Example 3: According to the method 900 of Example 1 or 2, the message includes at least one of the following: a paging downlink control information (DCI) message configured to schedule a second paging message; or a second paging message.

[0125] Example 4: Method 900 according to any one of Example 1 to 3, wherein the method further includes transmitting to a first device one or more parameters configured to indicate coverage alarm triggering, the one or more parameters including at least one of the following: Indication of one or more time-domain locations of the message; Indication of one or more frequency domain locations for this message; Mapping rules for modifying the identifier of the first device; or One or more parameters used to apply mapping rules.

[0126] Example 5: According to method 900 of Example 4, the message is a paging DCI message, and the indication of one or more time-domain locations includes an indication of at least one paging timing for coverage alarm triggering; and wherein coverage alarm triggering is indicated by the transmission of the paging DCI message in one of the following: Paging timing for odd-numbered numbers; Paging timing for even-numbered numbers; Within a specific range of paging times; or Within the paging time of a specific pattern number.

[0127] Example 6: According to the method 900 of Example 4, the message is a paging DCI message, and the indication of one or more time-domain locations includes an indication of the scheduling offset between the paging DCI and the second paging message.

[0128] Example 7: According to method 900 of any one of Example 4 to 6, the indication of one or more frequency domain locations includes at least one of the following: Control the physical resource block range of the resource set or active bandwidth portion; One or more control channel elements; The frequency domain index of the first resource unit group constituting the control channel element; or The frequency domain index of the first physical resource block or subcarrier in the active bandwidth portion.

[0129] Example 8: Method 900 according to any one of Example 4 to 7, wherein a mapping rule or at least one of one or more parameters for applying the mapping rule is selected such that the modified identifier of the first device is not mapped to the identifier of another device in the same group of devices.

[0130] Example 9: Method 900 according to any one of Example 4 to 8, wherein the message is a second paging message, and the second paging message is transmitted together with the identifier of the first device to indicate that a coverage alarm has been triggered for the first device.

[0131] Example 10: Method 900 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 9, wherein the message is a second paging message, and the method further includes: determining additional information associated with a coverage alarm for a first device, wherein the additional information is related to a random access procedure to be performed by the first device; modifying the identifier of the first device based on mapping rules and the additional information; and including the modified identifier of the first device in the second paging message to deliver the additional information to the first device.

[0132] Example 11: According to the method 900 of Example 10, the additional information indicates at least one of the following: the timing relationship between the triggered coverage alarm and the random access procedure to be performed by the first device; or the random access configuration to be selected from a plurality of random access configurations.

[0133] Example 12: Method 900 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 8, wherein the message is a second paging message; and the method includes: modifying the identifier of a first device based on a mapping rule; including the modified identifier of the first device in the second paging message to indicate that a coverage alarm is triggered for the first device.

[0134] Example 13: Method 900 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 8, wherein the message is a second paging message; and the method includes: modifying the identifier of one or more third devices to be paged according to a mapping rule; and including the device identifier of the first device to be alarmed and the modified device identifier of the one or more third devices to be paged in the second paging message to simultaneously alarm and page different devices.

[0135] Figure 10 An example of an alarm triggering method 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment 1 of method 1000 is shown. Method 1000 can be performed by a first device. The first device can be a user equipment, such as UE 102.

[0136] In 1002, the method may include receiving at least one of the following from a second device: a paging downlink control information (DCI) message configured to schedule a paging message; or a paging message. The second device may be a network device. The network device may be, for example, a radio access node or a core network node. An example of a network device is a gNB 104.

[0137] At 1004, the method may include: determining whether a paging DCI message or at least one of the paging messages indicates that a coverage alarm has been triggered for a first device, wherein the determination is based on at least one of the time-domain location or frequency-domain location of the paging DCI message or at least one of the paging messages.

[0138] At 1006, the method may include performing at least one action based on determining that at least one of the paging DCI messages or paging messages indicates that a coverage alarm is triggered for the first device.

[0139] Method 1000 can be performed, for example, according to any of the following example embodiments: Example 2: According to the method 1000 of Example 1, the overlay alarm trigger is included in at least one of the paging DCI message or the paging message because the first device failed to respond to the previous paging message.

[0140] Example 3: According to the method 1000 of Example 1 or 2, at least one action includes at least one of the following: notifying a user of the first device of a coverage-related problem, moving or instructing a move to a location with improved coverage, or activating one or more antennas to improve link budget.

[0141] Example 4: According to method 1000 of any one of Example 1 to 3, the existence of alarm triggering of the first device is further determined based on the fact that the paging message includes the identifier of the first device.

[0142] Example 5: According to the method 1000 of Example 4, the method includes: determining that at least one of the time domain location or frequency domain location of a paging DCI message or a paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger; determining whether at least one identifier included in the paging message is based on a modification performed on the identifier of a first device according to a mapping rule; and when the identifier of the first device is modified in the paging message, determining that the coverage alarm trigger is not for the first device and that the first device is paged normally.

[0143] Example 6: Method 1000 according to any one of Example 1 to 5, wherein the presence of coverage alarm triggering of the first device is determined based on the time domain location of at least one paging timing monitored by the first device to receive a paging DCI message.

[0144] Example 7: Method 1000 according to Example 6, wherein the method includes receiving from a second device an indication of at least one paging timing for coverage alarm triggering; and wherein coverage alarm triggering is determined based on receiving a paging DCI message in one of the following: Paging timing for odd-numbered numbers; Paging timing for even-numbered numbers; Within a specific range of paging times; or Within the paging time of a specific pattern number.

[0145] Example 8: According to method 1000 of any one of Example Examples 1 to 7, the coverage alarm trigger is determined based on at least one of the following: The paging DCI message or the paging message is received within a specific range of a Physical Resource Block (PRB) of the Control Resource Set or Active Bandwidth. One or more control channel elements carrying the paging DCI message; The frequency domain index of the first resource unit group constituting the control channel element; or The frequency domain index of the first physical resource block or subcarrier in the active bandwidth portion.

[0146] Example 9: Method 1000 according to any one of Example 1 to 4, wherein the coverage alarm trigger is determined based on the scheduling offset between the paging DCI message and the paging message.

[0147] Example 10: According to method 1000 of any one of Example Examples 1 to 9, one or more parameters configured to indicate coverage alarm triggering are pre-configured and / or received from a second device or network device, the one or more parameters including at least one of the following: An indication of one or more time-domain locations of a paging DCI message or at least one of the paging messages; or An indication of the paging DCI message or one or more frequency domain locations of the paging message.

[0148] Example 11: According to method 1000 of any one of Example 1 to 10, the paging message includes, in addition to indicating the triggering of a coverage alarm for a first device, a paging message intended for one or more third devices.

[0149] Example 12: According to method 1000 of any one of Example Examples 1 to 11, the first device includes a user equipment, and the second device includes a network entity. An example of a user equipment is UE 102. The network entity may be, for example, a core network node or a base station, such as gNB 104.

[0150] Figure 11 An example of an alarm triggering method 1100 according to an exemplary embodiment 1 of method 1100 is shown. Method 1100 can be performed by a second device such as a network device. The network device can be, for example, a radio access node or a core network node. An example of a network device is a gNB 104.

[0151] At 1102, the method may include: detecting a failure of the first device to respond to the first paging message. The first device may be a user equipment, such as UE 102.

[0152] In 1104, the method may include determining to issue an alarm to a first device for coverage based on the detected failure.

[0153] At 1106, the method may include: transmitting to the first device at least one of the following: a paging downlink control information (DCI) message configured to schedule the transmission of a second paging message; or a second paging message, wherein at least one of the paging DCI message or the second paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device, wherein the indication of the coverage alarm trigger is based on at least one of a time-domain location or a frequency-domain location of the paging DCI message or the paging message.

[0154] Method 1100 can be performed, for example, according to any of the following example embodiments: Example 2: According to method 1100 of Example 1, the method includes transmitting to a first device one or more parameters configured to indicate coverage alarm triggering, the one or more parameters including at least one of the following: an indication of one or more time-domain locations of a paging DCI message or a second paging message; or an indication of one or more frequency-domain locations of a paging DCI message or a second paging message.

[0155] Example 3: According to the method 1100 of Example 1 or 2, the second paging message is also transmitted along with the identifier of the first device to indicate that a coverage alarm is triggered for the first device.

[0156] Example 4: Method 1100 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 3, wherein the method includes: determining that one or more third devices need to be paged; modifying the identifiers of one or more third devices based on mapping rules such that one or more modified identifiers are not mapped to the identifier of another device in the same group of devices; and transmitting a second paging message having the identifier of a first device to be alarmed and the modified identifiers of one or more third devices to be paged, so as to simultaneously alarm and page different devices.

[0157] Example 5: Method 1100 according to any one of Example 1 to 4, wherein the indication of coverage alarm triggering is based on the time domain location of at least one of the paging opportunities monitored by the first device to receive the paging DCI message.

[0158] Example 6: Method 1100 according to Example 5, wherein the method includes transmitting to a first device an indication of at least one paging timing for covering alarm triggering; and wherein covering alarm triggering is indicated by a transmission of a paging DCI message in one of the following: Paging timing for odd-numbered numbers; Paging timing for even-numbered numbers; Within a specific range of paging times; or Within the paging time of a specific pattern number.

[0159] Example 7: Method 1100 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 6, wherein the indication for triggering the coverage alarm is based on at least one of the following: The paging DCI message or the paging message is received within a specific range of a Physical Resource Block (PRB) of the Control Resource Set or Active Bandwidth. One or more control channel elements carrying the paging DCI message; or The frequency domain index of the first resource unit group constituting the control channel element; or The frequency domain index of the first physical resource block or subcarrier in the active bandwidth portion.

[0160] Example 8: According to the method 1100 of Example Examples 1 to 4, the indication of coverage alarm triggering is based on the scheduling offset between the paging DCI transmission and the paging message.

[0161] Example 9: Method 1100 according to any one of Example 1 to 8, wherein the first device includes a user equipment and the second device includes a network entity. An example of a user equipment is UE 102. The network entity may be, for example, a core network node or a base station, such as gNB 104.

[0162] Figure 12 An example of a method 1200 for alarm triggering according to an example embodiment 1 of method 1200 is shown. This method can be performed by a first device such as a user equipment. UE 102 is an example of a user equipment.

[0163] At 1202, the method may include: receiving a paging message including a device identifier from a second device.

[0164] In 1204, the method may include determining whether the device identifier includes a modified identifier of the first device, wherein the modified identifier has been obtained by modifying the original identifier of the first device according to a mapping rule.

[0165] At 1206, the method may include: determining, based on determining that the device identifier includes a modified identifier, that a paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device.

[0166] At 1208, the method may include performing at least one action based on an overlay alarm trigger.

[0167] Method 1200 can be performed, for example, according to any of the following example embodiments: Example 2: According to the method 1200 of Example 1, the overlay alarm trigger is included in the paging message because the first device failed to respond to the previous paging message.

[0168] Example 3: According to the method 1200 of Example 1 or 2, at least one action includes at least one of the following: notifying a user of the first device of a coverage-related problem, moving or instructing movement to a location with improved coverage, or activating one or more antennas to improve link budget.

[0169] Example 4: According to method 1200 of any one of Example 1 to 3, the mapping rule is based on one of the following: Add a parameter value to the identifier; Subtract the parameter value from the identifier; or Modulo operation performed on the identifier based on the parameter value.

[0170] Example 5: Method 1200 according to any one of Example 1 to 3, wherein the mapping rule is based on the manipulation of the bit field of the identifier.

[0171] Example 6: According to method 1200 of Example 5, the mapping rule is based on one of the following: Flip the specific subset of bits that define the identifier; Scramble a specific subset of bits that define the identifier; or Define the bit permutation pattern for this identifier.

[0172] Example 7: Method 1200 according to any one of Example 1 to 6, wherein the method includes determining additional information based on the modification of the identifier of the first device performed, wherein the additional information is related to a random access procedure to be performed by the first device.

[0173] Example Implementation 8: According to the method 1200 of Example Implementation 7, the additional information includes an indication of the timing relationship between the coverage alarm triggering and the random access procedure; and the method includes delaying the initiation of the random access procedure according to the timing relationship.

[0174] Example Implementation 9: According to the method 1200 of Example Implementation 7, the additional information includes an indication of selection among multiple random access configurations; and the method includes performing a random access procedure based on the selection.

[0175] Example 10: According to method 1200 of any one of Example Examples 1 to 9, the indication of the mapping rule used is pre-configured or received from a second device or network device; and / or one or more parameters for applying the mapping rule are pre-configured or received from a second device or network device.

[0176] Example 11: Method 1200 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 10, wherein the method includes: determining one or more paging opportunities to be monitored by a first device based on a modified identifier; and monitoring one or more paging opportunities determined based on the modified identifier.

[0177] Example 12: According to method 1200 of any one of Example 1 to 11, the paging message includes, in addition to indicating the triggering of a coverage alarm for a first device, a paging message intended for one or more third devices.

[0178] Example 13: Method 1200 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 12, wherein the first device includes a user equipment and the second device includes a network entity. An example of a user equipment is UE 102. The network entity may be, for example, a core network node or a base station, such as gNB 104.

[0179] Figure 13 An example of an alarm triggering method 1300 according to an exemplary embodiment 1 of method 1300 is shown. Method 1100 can be performed by a second device such as a network device. The network device can be, for example, a radio access node (such as gNB 104) or a core network node.

[0180] At 1302, the method may include: detecting a failure of the first device to respond to the first paging message.

[0181] In 1304, the method may include determining to issue an alarm to a first device for coverage based on the detected failure.

[0182] In 1306, the method may include performing a modification of the identifier of the first device according to a mapping rule.

[0183] At 1308, the method may include: transmitting to a first device a second paging message indicating that a coverage alarm has been triggered for the first device, wherein the indication of triggering the coverage alarm is based on a modified identifier of the first device included in the second paging message.

[0184] Method 1300 can be performed, for example, according to any of the following example embodiments: Example 2: According to the method 1300 of Example 1, a modification is performed such that the modified identifier of the first device is not mapped to the identifier of another device in the same group of devices.

[0185] Example 3: According to method 1300 of Example 1 or 2, the modification of the identifier of the first device is achieved by one of the following: Add parameter values ​​selected from a specific range; Subtract the parameter value selected from that specific range; or Modular operation performed using parameter values ​​selected from this specific range.

[0186] Example 4: According to the method 1300 of Example 3, the range is determined based on the number of paging frames in a discontinuous reception period.

[0187] Example 5: Method 1300 according to Example 1 or 2, wherein modifications are performed in the bit field.

[0188] Example 6: According to method 1300 of Example 5, the mapping rule is based on one of the following: Flip the specific subset of bits that define the identifier of the first device; Scramble a specific subset of bits that define the identifier of the first device; or Define the bit permutation pattern for the identifier of the first device.

[0189] Example 7: Method 1300 according to any one of Example 1 to 6, wherein the method further includes transmitting a configuration for triggering an overlay alarm to a first device, the configuration including an indication of the mapping rule used or at least one of one or more parameters for applying the mapping rule.

[0190] Example 8: Method 1300 according to any one of Example 1 to 7, wherein the method further includes: determining additional information associated with a coverage alarm to be transmitted for a first device, wherein the additional information is related to a random access procedure to be performed by the first device; and performing a modification of the identifier of the first device such that the modification includes an indication of the additional information for the first device.

[0191] Example Implementation 9: According to the method 1300 of Example Implementation 8, the additional information is related to the timing relationship between the alarm and the random access procedure, and the additional information is used to instruct the first device to postpone the initiation of the random access procedure according to the timing relationship.

[0192] Example 10: According to the method 1300 of Example 8, the additional information includes an indication of selection among multiple random access configurations, and the additional information is used to instruct the first device to perform a random access procedure according to the selection.

[0193] Example 11: Method 1300 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 10, wherein the method includes: determining one or more paging opportunities to be monitored by a first device; and performing a modification of an identifier of the first device such that the modified identifier indicates one or more paging opportunities to instruct the first device to monitor one or more paging opportunities.

[0194] Example 12: Method 1300 according to any one of Example Examples 1 to 11, wherein the first device includes a user equipment and the second device includes a network entity. An example of a user equipment is UE 102. The network entity may be, for example, a core network node or a base station, such as gNB 104.

[0195] Other features of the method are directly generated by the functions and parameters of the devices (such as device 200, UE 102, and gNB 104), as described in the appended claims and throughout the specification, and therefore will not be repeated here. Note that one or more operations of the method may be performed in different orders.

[0196] Apparatus (e.g., network node, user node, or client node) may be configured to perform or cause to perform any aspect of the methods described herein. Furthermore, the computer program may include instructions that, when executed, cause the apparatus to perform any aspect of the methods described herein. Additionally, the apparatus may include components for performing any aspect of the methods described herein. According to an example embodiment, such components include at least one processor and memory including program code configured to cause to perform any aspect of the method when executed by the at least one processor.

[0197] The ranges or device values ​​given herein may be extended or modified without losing the desired effect. Furthermore, any embodiment may be combined with another embodiment unless expressly permitted.

[0198] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or actions, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as examples of implementing the claims, and other equivalent features and actions are intended to fall within the scope of the claims.

[0199] It should be understood that the above benefits and advantages may relate to one embodiment or several embodiments. These embodiments are not limited to embodiments that solve any or all of the above problems, nor are they limited to embodiments that have any or all of the above benefits and advantages. It should also be understood that a reference to "one" may refer to one or more of these items.

[0200] The methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order, or simultaneously where appropriate. Furthermore, individual boxes can be removed from any method without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. Aspects of any of the above embodiments can be combined with aspects of any other described embodiments to form further embodiments without losing the desired effects.

[0201] This document uses the term "comprising" to mean including the identified methods, boxes, or elements, but these boxes or elements do not constitute an exclusive list, and methods or apparatus may include additional boxes or elements.

[0202] As used herein, the term "circuit" may refer to one or more of the following: (a) a hardware circuit implementation only (such as an implementation only in analog and / or digital circuitry), and (b) a combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry with software / firmware, and (ii) any portion of a hardware processor with software (including (multiple) digital signal processors), software, and (multiple) memories, which work together to enable a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions, and (c) hardware circuitry and / or a processor, such as (multiple) microprocessors or a portion thereof, which requires software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may be absent when operation does not require the software. This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of the term herein (including in any claim).

[0203] As another example, as used herein, the term "circuit" also encompasses implementations of hardware circuitry or processors (or processors in general) or a portion thereof and their accompanying software and / or firmware. The term "circuit" also encompasses, for example and if applicable to a particular claim element, baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or network devices.

[0204] It should be understood that the above description is given by way of example only, and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art. The above specification, examples, and data fully describe the structure and use of exemplary embodiments. Although various embodiments have been described above with a degree of specificity or with reference to one or more individual embodiments, those skilled in the art can make many changes to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A first device, comprising: At least one processor; as well as Includes at least one memory containing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to at least: Receive a paging message including the device identifier from the second device; Determine whether the device identifier includes the modified identifier of the first device, wherein the modified identifier is obtained by modifying the original identifier of the first device according to a mapping rule; Based on the determination that the device identifier includes the modified identifier, it is determined that the paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device; and At least one action is triggered based on the coverage alarm.

2. The first device according to claim 1, wherein, The coverage alarm trigger is included in the paging message because the first device failed to respond to the previous paging message.

3. The first device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The at least one action includes at least one of the following: notifying the user of the first device of a coverage-related issue; Move or instruct to move to a location with improved coverage; or activate one or more antennas to improve link budget.

4. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The mapping rule is based on one of the following: - Add a parameter value to the identifier; - Subtract the parameter value from the identifier; or - Modulo operation performed on the identifier based on the parameter value.

5. The first device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The mapping rules are based on the manipulation of the bit fields of the identifier.

6. The first device according to claim 5, wherein, The mapping rule is based on one of the following: - Flip the specific subset of bits that define the identifier; - Scramble a specific subset of bits that defines the identifier; or - Define the bit permutation pattern of the identifier.

7. The first device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, The at least one memory includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Additional information is determined based on the modification performed on the identifier of the first device, wherein the additional information is related to a random access procedure to be performed by the first device.

8. The first device according to claim 7, wherein, The additional information includes an indication of the timing relationship between the coverage alarm triggering and the random access procedure; and enables the first device to: The random access procedure is delayed based on the timing relationship.

9. The first device according to claim 7, wherein, The additional information includes an indication of selection among multiple random access configurations; and enables the first device to: The random access procedure is executed according to the selection.

10. The first device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The indication of the mapping rule used is either pre-configured or received from the second device or network device; and / or One or more parameters for applying the mapping rules are pre-configured or received from the second device or network device.

11. The first device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, It also causes the first device to perform the following operations: Based on the modified identifier, one or more paging opportunities to be monitored by the first device are determined; as well as Monitor the one or more paging opportunities determined based on the modified identifier.

12. The first device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, In addition to indicating the triggering of the coverage alarm for the first device, the paging message also includes a paging message intended for one or more third devices.

13. A second device, comprising: At least one processor; as well as Includes at least one memory containing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to at least: The failure of the first device to respond to the first paging message was detected; Based on the detected failure, it is determined that an alarm should be issued to the first device regarding the coverage. The identifier of the first device is modified according to the mapping rules; as well as A second paging message is transmitted to the first device, indicating that a coverage alarm has been triggered for the first device, wherein the indication for triggering the coverage alarm is based on the modified identifier of the first device included in the second paging message.

14. The second device according to claim 13, wherein, The modification is performed such that the resulting modified identifier of the first device is not mapped to the identifier of another device within the same group of devices.

15. The second device according to claim 13 or 14, wherein, The modification of the identifier of the first device is achieved by one of the following: - Add parameter values ​​selected from a specific range; - Subtract the parameter value selected from the specific range; or - Modulo operation performed using parameter values ​​selected from the specified range.

16. The second device according to claim 15, wherein, The range is determined based on the number of paging frames within a discontinuous reception period.

17. The second device according to claim 13 or 14, wherein, The modification is performed in the bit field.

18. The second device according to claim 17, wherein, The mapping rule is based on one of the following: - Flip the specific subset of bits that define the identifier of the first device; - Scramble a specific subset of bits that define the identifier of the first device; or - Define the bit permutation pattern of the identifier of the first device.

19. The second device according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein, The at least one memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: The configuration for triggering the coverage alarm is transmitted to the first device, the configuration including an indication of the mapping rule to be used or at least one of one or more parameters for applying the mapping rule.

20. The second device according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein, The at least one memory includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: Determine additional information associated with the coverage alarm to be transmitted to the first device, wherein the additional information is related to a random access procedure to be performed by the first device; and The modification to the identifier of the first device is performed such that the modification includes an indication of the additional information for the first device.

21. The second device according to claim 20, wherein, The additional information relates to the timing relationship between the alarm and the random access procedure, and the additional information is used to instruct the first device to postpone initiating the random access procedure according to the timing relationship.

22. The second device according to claim 20, wherein, The additional information includes an indication of the selection among multiple random access configurations, and the additional information is used to instruct the first device to perform the random access procedure according to the selection.

23. The second device according to any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein, It also causes the second device to perform the following operations: Determine one or more paging opportunities to be monitored by the first device; as well as The modification of the identifier of the first device is performed such that the modified identifier indicates the one or more paging opportunities, thereby instructing the first device to monitor the one or more paging opportunities.

24. A method performed by a first device, comprising: Receive a paging message including the device identifier from the second device; Determine whether the device identifier includes the modified identifier of the first device, wherein the modified identifier is obtained by modifying the original identifier of the first device according to the mapping rule; Based on the determination that the device identifier includes the modified identifier, it is determined that the paging message indicates a coverage alarm trigger for the first device; and At least one action is triggered based on the coverage alarm.

25. A method performed by a second device, comprising: The failure of the first device to respond to the first paging message was detected; Based on the detected failure, it is determined that an alarm should be issued to the first device regarding the coverage. The identifier of the first device is modified according to the mapping rules; as well as A second paging message is transmitted to the first device, indicating that a coverage alarm has been triggered for the first device, wherein the indication for triggering the coverage alarm is based on the modified identifier of the first device included in the second paging message.

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