Liquid medicine concentrating device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical chemical equipment, and discloses a medicine liquid concentration device, which comprises an evaporation chamber and a feeding mechanism; the evaporation chamber is provided with a liquid inlet interface and a secondary steam outlet; the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding pipeline, a secondary steam preheating assembly and a multi-stage dispersed liquid inlet head; the feeding pipeline is connected with the liquid inlet interface; the secondary steam preheating assembly is installed on the feeding pipeline; the secondary steam preheating assembly comprises a medicine liquid side flow channel and a steam side flow channel; the fluid inlet of the steam side flow channel is communicated with the secondary steam outlet; the multi-stage dispersed liquid inlet head is located inside the evaporation chamber, is installed on the feeding pipeline and is communicated with the fluid outlet of the medicine liquid side flow channel; through the synergistic effect of the secondary steam preheating assembly and the multi-stage dispersed liquid inlet head, the feeding fluid is converted from a low temperature to a high temperature, from gas dissolution to degassing and from a jet flow to a liquid film before entering the main liquid phase of the evaporation chamber, so that the generation of foam is inhibited, the problem that a large amount of foam is easily formed in the liquid supplementing process and the problem of material running are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical and chemical equipment technology, specifically to pharmaceutical liquid concentration equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the concentration process of traditional Chinese medicine extracts such as Artemisia annua alcohol-containing supernatant, single-effect concentrators are commonly used. A single-effect concentrator maintains a negative pressure environment in the evaporation chamber through a vacuum mechanism and uses heat provided by a heating mechanism to boil and evaporate the medicinal liquid at a boiling point below standard atmospheric pressure. As the solvent evaporates, the liquid level in the evaporation chamber drops, requiring the addition of concentrated medicinal liquid through a feeding mechanism. Current feeding methods typically utilize the negative pressure within the evaporation chamber to directly draw medicinal liquid from an external storage tank.

[0003] However, the temperature of the external liquid is typically 20°C to 25°C, while the temperature of the boiling liquid inside the evaporation chamber is usually maintained at 60°C to 70°C. Therefore, during the replenishment process, a pressure and temperature difference exists between the feed pipe and the evaporation chamber. When the low-temperature liquid enters the high-temperature negative pressure environment, a momentary flash evaporation occurs, causing gas to violently precipitate from the liquid. Simultaneously, the liquid entering in a straight jet form has high kinetic energy, and its direct impact on the liquid surface at the bottom of the evaporation chamber triggers mechanical turbulence. When processing liquids containing natural surfactants such as saponins, the flash-precipitated gas and the gas carried by the mechanical turbulence form a large and stable foam layer under the action of the surfactant. This foam layer rises under the influence of the secondary steam flow and easily bypasses the secondary steam outlet at the top of the evaporation chamber, entering the condensation system and causing material loss. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a drug concentration device to solve the problem that a large amount of foam is easily formed during the replenishment process, leading to material loss.

[0005] This invention provides a pharmaceutical liquid concentration device, including an evaporation chamber and a feeding mechanism; the evaporation chamber is used to contain the pharmaceutical liquid and provide an evaporation environment; the evaporation chamber is provided with a liquid inlet and a secondary steam outlet; the feeding mechanism includes a feeding pipe, a secondary steam preheating component, and a multi-stage dispersion liquid inlet head, the feeding pipe being connected to the liquid inlet; the secondary steam preheating component is installed on the feeding pipe, the secondary steam preheating component including a pharmaceutical liquid side channel and a steam side channel, the fluid inlet of the steam side channel being connected to the secondary steam outlet of the evaporation chamber, and the multi-stage dispersion liquid inlet head being located inside the evaporation chamber, installed on the feeding pipe, and connected to the fluid outlet of the pharmaceutical liquid side channel.

[0006] Beneficial Effects: The secondary steam preheating component creates a thermodynamic equilibrium zone before the feed enters the evaporation chamber. Utilizing internally generated secondary steam as a heat source, it non-contactly heats the low-temperature feed, raising the liquid temperature to near the equilibrium temperature inside the evaporation chamber. This process eliminates the temperature gradient before the liquid enters the negative pressure environment, thus blocking the energy path that would lead to flash evaporation due to intense vaporization caused by heat absorption. The multi-stage dispersion inlet head forms a hydrodynamic buffer and morphology reshaping zone at the feed end. Based on eliminating the temperature gradient, by balancing internal and external pressures, dissolved gases in the liquid are induced to precipitate out in a controlled manner and be removed before entering the main liquid phase. Simultaneously, the high-kinetic-energy straight jet is transformed into a low-kinetic-energy, high-specific-surface-area rotating liquid film. The smooth flow of the rotating liquid film along the inner wall replaces the direct impact of the jet on the liquid surface, eliminating the kinetic factors that induce foaming through mechanical turbulence. Through the synergistic effect of the secondary steam preheating component and the multi-stage dispersion inlet head, the feed fluid completes a smooth physical state transformation from low temperature to high temperature, from dissolved gas to degassing, and from jet to liquid film before entering the main liquid phase of the evaporation chamber. This suppresses foam generation and solves the problem of a large amount of foam forming during the replenishment process, which leads to material runoff.

[0007] In one optional embodiment, the liquid-side flow channel and the steam-side flow channel are arranged alternately; and the fluid inlet of the liquid-side flow channel and the fluid outlet of the steam-side flow channel are located on the first side of the secondary steam preheating assembly, while the fluid outlet of the liquid-side flow channel and the fluid inlet of the steam-side flow channel are located on the second side of the secondary steam preheating assembly; the first side and the second side are arranged opposite to each other.

[0008] Beneficial effects: During replenishment, the cooler liquid medicine flows into the liquid medicine side channel of the secondary steam preheating component. Simultaneously, the warmer secondary steam generated in the evaporation chamber is diverted into the steam side channel of the secondary steam preheating component under pressure difference. Within the secondary steam preheating component, the high-temperature secondary steam and the low-temperature liquid medicine flow counter-currently. Heat is transferred from the steam side channel to the liquid medicine side channel. The liquid medicine absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. Through this heat exchange process, the temperature difference between the liquid medicine entering the evaporation chamber and the temperature maintained within the evaporation chamber is controlled within 5°C. When the liquid medicine enters the evaporation chamber, the thermodynamic conditions for violent flash evaporation no longer exist, thus avoiding a surge in foam caused by violent phase change expansion.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, the multi-stage dispersion inlet head includes a conical degassing chamber and a diffuser; the top of the conical degassing chamber is connected to the outlet of the feed pipe, and the flow surface of the conical degassing chamber gradually increases; a through hole is provided on the side wall of the conical degassing chamber, and the through hole communicates with the interior of the evaporation chamber; the diffuser is located at the bottom of the conical degassing chamber and includes a spiral guide and multiple perforated plates, the multiple perforated plates being arranged sequentially at intervals along the axial direction of the evaporation chamber; the spiral guide is located between two adjacent perforated plates to form a spiral flow channel between the two adjacent perforated plates.

[0010] Beneficial Effects: Within the conical degassing chamber, the drug solution is in a negative pressure environment similar to that of the evaporation chamber. Due to the presence of through-holes, the internal pressure of the conical degassing chamber remains consistent with that of the evaporation chamber. Dissolved gases in the drug solution rapidly precipitate due to the sudden drop in ambient pressure. The precipitated gases escape directly into the gas phase space of the evaporation chamber through the through-holes in the side wall and are subsequently extracted by the vacuum mechanism. The degassed drug solution continues to flow downwards into the diffuser. As the drug solution flows through the spiral guide vanes, it is forced into high-speed rotation. Subsequently, the rotating fluid passes through the porous plate and is dispersed into multiple fine liquid streams. Finally, the drug solution leaves the multi-stage dispersion inlet head in the form of a rotating liquid film. Under centrifugal force, the rotating liquid film adheres to the inner wall of the evaporation chamber and slowly flows down the inner wall, merging into the bottom liquid. Through this process, gas is released prematurely, reducing the number of bubble nuclei in the drug solution and preventing the formation of bubble films by saponin components. Meanwhile, the rotating liquid film flows down the wall, avoiding direct vertical impact of the fluid on the liquid surface and eliminating turbulent foam caused by mechanical impact. This allows the device to maintain a stable liquid level in the evaporation chamber during the replenishment phase, reducing the amount of foam generated.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the evaporation chamber is further equipped with a liquid level probe, an antifoaming probe, and an adjustable baffle array. The antifoaming probe is located above the liquid level probe, and the adjustable baffle array is located between the antifoaming probe and the liquid level probe. The adjustable baffle array includes multiple baffle units, which are distributed along the circumference of the evaporation chamber.

[0012] Beneficial Effects: The liquid level probe monitors the real-time changes in the liquid level within the evaporation chamber, converting the height into a continuous electrical signal that is transmitted to the control module. The defoaming probe continuously monitors the medium state at a specific height; when the foam layer contacts the probe end, the internal circuit of the defoaming probe is activated, outputting a switch alarm signal to the control module. By adding an adjustable baffle array inside the evaporation chamber, a mechanical obstruction and defoaming mechanism is created in the foam's upward path. The adjustable baffle array occupies the necessary channel for foam rise, forcing the gas-liquid mixture to flow in a tortuous manner and contacting the walls of the baffle units. Utilizing mechanical compression, frictional shearing, and bubble coalescence effects, it disrupts the stability of the foam and merges fine bubbles into easily ruptured large bubbles, thus limiting the height of the foam layer before it reaches the defoaming probe. During the continuous boiling phase, this solves the problem of free foam rise and frequent triggering of emergency defoaming.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, a through opening is provided on the side wall of the evaporation chamber; the baffle unit includes a plate, an adjusting handle, and a rotating shaft; the plate is located inside the evaporation chamber; the adjusting handle is located outside the evaporation chamber, and the adjusting handle is provided with an angle scale; one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the plate, and the other end passes through the through opening and is connected to the adjusting handle.

[0014] Beneficial Effects: Based on the foaming characteristics and evaporation rate of the liquid, the rotating shaft is controlled by adjusting the handle. The rotating shaft causes the internal plates to deflect, changing the angle between the plate surface and the vertical central axis of the evaporation chamber. When processing highly foaming liquids, adjusting the handle increases the angle between the plate and the vertical central axis. In this state, the plate gradually approaches a horizontal position, increasing the effective shielding area of ​​the evaporation chamber cross-section and forcing the rising fluid to undergo vigorous flow around it, thereby enhancing the physical interception and breaking effect of foam. When processing less foaming liquids or when a higher evaporation rate is required, adjusting the handle decreases the angle between the plate and the vertical central axis. In this state, the plate gradually approaches a vertical position, increasing the flow cross-section inside the evaporation chamber and reducing the frictional resistance of the secondary steam flow, ensuring evaporation efficiency.

[0015] In one alternative embodiment, the plate body includes an arc-shaped plate with raised textures on its surface.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: When the liquid in the evaporation chamber is boiling, steam bubbles containing saponins gather into a foam layer and rise. When the rising foam layer reaches the installation height of the adjustable baffle array, the foam first contacts the surface of the baffle unit. Because the baffle unit occupies part of the flow cross-section, the foam cannot pass through in a straight line and is forced to flow around the surface of the baffle. During this flow, the foam is physically blocked by the surface of the baffle, and the bubbles are squeezed together. At the same time, the interlocking prismatic texture of the surface of the baffle scrapes and punctures the passing foam film. Under the combined action of mechanical compression and frictional shearing, the bubble walls rupture, releasing the encapsulated gas. The unruptured small bubbles coalesce in the congestion and collision, merging into large bubbles with a diameter of more than 5 mm. Due to the reduced surface tension and increased buoyancy, the large bubbles rupture rapidly and return to the liquid phase as they continue to rise after detaching from the baffle. Through the above process, the adjustable baffle array eliminates most of the rising foam in the middle area, limiting the overall height of the foam layer.

[0017] In one optional embodiment, the evaporation chamber is further provided with an auxiliary defoaming nozzle, which is located above the defoaming probe.

[0018] Beneficial Effects: In the above embodiments, an auxiliary defoaming nozzle is added to the top of the evaporation chamber. This auxiliary defoaming nozzle utilizes external high-pressure gas as a power source to create a downward high-speed airflow field in the top space of the evaporation chamber. The airflow injected by the auxiliary defoaming nozzle directly acts on the rising foam layer surface, utilizing the momentum impact force of the airflow to exceed the surface tension limit of the foam film, causing physical rupture of the foam film. Simultaneously, the high-speed airflow generates turbulent shear upon contact with the foam layer, disrupting the packing structure between bubbles and accelerating the gas-liquid separation process. This solves the problem that before pressure equilibrium is achieved, the inertially rising foam layer may still overflow the secondary steam outlet at the top of the evaporation chamber, leading to material spillage.

[0019] In one optional embodiment, the auxiliary defoaming nozzle includes an annular pipe and multiple nozzle units; the annular pipe is installed on the top of the evaporation chamber; the multiple nozzle units are arranged sequentially at intervals around the annular pipe, and each nozzle unit includes an air outlet facing downwards, and the spray axis of the air outlet is inclined toward the central axis of the evaporation chamber.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Through the cooperation of the annular pipeline and multiple nozzle units, since the jet axis of the air outlet is inclined towards the central axis of the evaporation chamber, the airflow ejected by the multiple nozzle units can form a cone-shaped airflow impact zone that covers the entire cross section of the evaporation chamber and converges downward, effectively and comprehensively suppressing and eliminating the runaway foam layer.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, the evaporation chamber is further provided with a vacuum venting valve; the drug concentration equipment also includes a control module, which is communicatively connected to the defoaming probe, the auxiliary defoaming nozzle and the vacuum venting valve. When the control module receives a foam contact signal from the defoaming probe, it simultaneously opens the vacuum venting valve and the auxiliary defoaming nozzle.

[0022] Beneficial Effects: During concentration operation, if material fluctuations cause the foam layer to break through the adjustable baffle array and continue to rise, the defoaming probe sends a trigger signal to the control module when it contacts the detection end. Upon receiving the trigger signal, the control module executes synchronous linkage control logic, opening the vacuum vent valve at the evaporation chamber vacuum interface to allow external atmosphere into the evaporation chamber, reducing the vacuum level. This negative pressure environment weakens the pressure basis for foam expansion. Simultaneously, the pneumatic impact of the auxiliary defoaming nozzle shortens the defoaming response time. At the critical point where foam is about to overflow at the top, the airflow impact provides suppression, preventing material from entering the secondary steam outlet. Through the synergistic action of the auxiliary defoaming nozzle and the vacuum vent valve, the foam layer height is reduced to a safe height, away from the contact range of the defoaming probe.

[0023] In one optional embodiment, a heating mechanism is further included, the heating mechanism comprising a spiral guide plate and a jacket body; the spiral guide plate is spirally wound around the outer side wall of the lower part of the evaporation chamber; the jacket body covers the outer side of the spiral guide plate, and the inner wall of the jacket body is in contact with the outer edge of the spiral guide plate; a continuous spiral heat transfer oil flow channel is formed between the outer wall of the evaporation chamber, the spiral guide plate and the jacket body.

[0024] Beneficial effects: After the external high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the jacket body, it is physically constrained by the spiral guide plate, preventing it from flowing directly upwards. Instead, it flows in a spiral upward pattern along the spiral heat transfer oil flow channel. This spiral upward flow prolongs the residence time and flow path of the heat transfer oil within the jacket body, promoting turbulent flow. The high-temperature heat transfer oil conducts heat through the walls of the evaporation chamber, continuously transferring heat energy to the liquid medicine inside the evaporation chamber, maintaining the boiling and evaporation state of the liquid medicine. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or related technologies of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a pharmaceutical liquid concentration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Evaporation chamber; 11. Liquid level probe; 12. Defoaming probe; 13. Adjustable baffle array; 14. Auxiliary defoaming nozzle; 141. Annular pipeline; 142. Nozzle unit; 15. Elliptical head; 16. Conical head; 2. Feeding mechanism; 21. Secondary steam preheating assembly; 22. Multi-stage dispersion inlet head; 221. Conical degassing chamber; 222. Diffuser; 23. Single-effect inlet valve; 31. Spiral guide plate; 32. Jacket body; 33. Heat transfer oil inlet valve; 34. Heat transfer oil outlet valve; 4. Vacuum mechanism; 41. Vacuum buffer tank; 42. Vacuum pump; 43. Vacuum butterfly valve; 44. Vacuum angle valve; 5. Condensation mechanism; 6. Discharge mechanism; 61. Screw pump; 62. Liquid discharge circulation three-way valve; 63. Circulation loop; 64. Mass flow meter. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the concentration process of traditional Chinese medicine extracts such as Artemisia annua alcoholic supernatant, frequent material runoff and production interruptions occur. The root cause lies in the drastic change in thermodynamic and hydrodynamic states of the feed fluid upon entering evaporation chamber 1. The phase change expansion caused by the endothermic reaction of the low-temperature medicinal liquid promotes bubble formation, while jet impact provides the driving force for bubble dispersion. Surface-active components increase the liquid film strength, making it difficult for foam to dissipate naturally once formed. Simply relying on passive defoaming methods that disrupt the vacuum has the problems of response lag and inability to eliminate the source of foam formation.

[0030] The technical solution of this application can eliminate the temperature and pressure gradients between the feed fluid and the evaporation environment before the liquid enters the main liquid phase of the evaporation chamber 1, thereby suppressing foam bursts during the replenishment stage at the source; at the same time, it can non-destructively intercept and quickly eliminate rising foam during the continuous boiling stage to ensure the continuity of the concentration process.

[0031] The following is combined Figure 1 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a drug liquid concentration device is provided, including an evaporation chamber 1 and a feeding mechanism 2; the evaporation chamber 1 is used to contain the drug liquid and provide an evaporation environment; the evaporation chamber 1 is provided with a liquid inlet and a secondary steam outlet; the feeding mechanism 2 includes a feeding pipe, a secondary steam preheating component 21 and a multi-stage dispersion liquid inlet head 22, the feeding pipe being connected to the liquid inlet; the secondary steam preheating component 21 is installed on the feeding pipe, the secondary steam preheating component 21 includes a drug liquid side flow channel and a steam side flow channel, the fluid inlet of the steam side flow channel is connected to the secondary steam outlet of the evaporation chamber 1, and the multi-stage dispersion liquid inlet head 22 is located inside the evaporation chamber 1, installed on the feeding pipe, and connected to the fluid outlet of the drug liquid side flow channel.

[0033] In the above embodiment, the secondary steam preheating component 21 forms a thermodynamic equilibrium zone before the feed enters the evaporation chamber 1. It utilizes the internally generated secondary steam as a heat source to non-contactly heat the low-temperature feed, raising the temperature of the liquid medicine to near the equilibrium temperature inside the evaporation chamber 1. This process eliminates the temperature gradient before the liquid medicine enters the negative pressure environment, thus blocking the energy path of flash evaporation caused by intense vaporization due to heat absorption. The multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 forms a hydrodynamic buffer and morphology reshaping zone at the feed end. Based on eliminating the temperature gradient, by balancing the internal and external pressures, the dissolved gas in the liquid medicine is induced to be controlled to precipitate and be removed before entering the liquid phase bulk; simultaneously, the high-kinetic-energy straight jet is transformed into a low-kinetic-energy, high-specific-surface-area rotating liquid film. The smooth flow of the rotating liquid film along the inner wall replaces the direct impact of the jet on the liquid surface, eliminating the dynamic factors of foam induced by mechanical turbulence. Through the synergistic effect of the secondary steam preheating component 21 and the multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22, the feed fluid completes a smooth physical state transformation from low temperature to high temperature, from dissolved gas to degassing, and from jet to liquid film before entering the main liquid phase of the evaporation chamber 1. This suppresses foam generation and solves the problem of a large amount of foam easily forming during the replenishment process, which leads to material runoff.

[0034] Specifically, the solution can be the alcohol-containing supernatant of Artemisia annua.

[0035] In a specific implementation, the evaporation chamber 1 is a cylindrical, sealed container vertically fixed to a ground foundation, used to hold the pharmaceutical solution to be evaporated and concentrated. 316L stainless steel is preferably selected as the material to meet the requirements of corrosion resistance and cleanliness. The top of the evaporation chamber 1 is sealed with an elliptical head 15, and the bottom is sealed with a conical head 16, and the inner wall surface is mechanically polished.

[0036] Specifically, during operation, the evaporation chamber 1 acts as a sealed container, providing a sealed environment for the liquid medicine. Once a negative pressure environment is established inside the evaporation chamber 1, the stainless steel walls of the evaporation chamber 1 are subjected to the compression of external atmospheric pressure.

[0037] In a specific implementation, the lower outer wall of the evaporation chamber 1 is provided with a heating interface, the top elliptical end cap 15 is provided with a vacuum interface and a secondary steam outlet, the side wall is provided with a liquid inlet interface, and the bottom conical end cap 16 is provided with a material outlet interface.

[0038] In a specific implementation, the feeding mechanism 2 is connected to the liquid inlet on the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1 via a pipe, and is also connected to an external liquid storage container. Under the control of the control module, the feeding mechanism 2 is used to transport the concentrated drug solution into the evaporation chamber 1.

[0039] Specifically, the feeding mechanism 2 includes a storage tank, a storage tank outlet valve, and a single-effect inlet valve 23. The storage tank is connected to the storage tank outlet valve and the single-effect inlet valve 23 in sequence via a feeding pipe. The outlet end of the single-effect inlet valve 23 is connected to a straight-through conveying pipe of the feeding pipe. The straight-through conveying pipe of the feeding pipe passes horizontally through the inlet port on the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1, and its end leads to the internal space of the evaporation chamber 1, for introducing the liquid medicine into the evaporation chamber 1. Specifically, the feeding pipe can be made of stainless steel.

[0040] Specifically, when the storage tank outlet valve and the single-effect inlet valve 23 are opened, the artemisia annua alcohol-containing supernatant in the storage tank begins to flow under the combined action of gravity and the negative pressure suction in the evaporation chamber 1. The liquid flows through the stainless steel straight-through delivery pipe, maintaining the pipe flow shape, and finally sprays out from the end of the pipe in the form of a jet with a certain initial velocity, injecting into the liquid or gas phase space inside the evaporation chamber 1.

[0041] Specifically, during the replenishment process, the feed fluid undergoes rapid changes in its physical environment, triggering the generation of a large amount of foam. The low-temperature, atmospheric-pressure liquid fluid, rich in dissolved gases, is instantly introduced into a high-temperature, negative-pressure boiling environment through a straight-pipe jet. This simultaneous and dramatic abrupt change in thermodynamic state—from 25°C to 65°C—combines with the rapid shift from a high-pressure dissolved-gas state to a low-pressure gas-evolving state, and the release of kinetic energy from the pipe flow to the free liquid surface, causes instantaneous flash vaporization and gas evolution upon contact with the liquid surface. This, coupled with turbulence generated by mechanical impact, results in the rapid formation of a large and stable foam layer, frequently triggering defoaming and disrupting production continuity.

[0042] In this embodiment, a secondary steam preheating component 21 and a multi-stage dispersion liquid inlet head 22 are set in the feeding mechanism 2. By eliminating the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic state gradient step by step, foam generation is suppressed, solving the problem of foam surge caused by sudden changes in the feeding physical environment, and achieving a smooth transition of the feeding state.

[0043] Specifically, the secondary steam preheating component 21 is installed on the feed pipe between the single-effect liquid inlet valve 23 and the evaporation chamber 1.

[0044] In one embodiment, the liquid-side flow channel and the steam-side flow channel are arranged alternately; and the fluid inlet of the liquid-side flow channel and the fluid outlet of the steam-side flow channel are located on the first side of the secondary steam preheating component 21, while the fluid outlet of the liquid-side flow channel and the fluid inlet of the steam-side flow channel are located on the second side of the secondary steam preheating component 21; the first side and the second side are arranged opposite to each other.

[0045] In the above embodiment, during replenishment, the cooler liquid medicine flows into the liquid medicine side channel of the secondary steam preheating component 21. Simultaneously, the warmer secondary steam generated in the evaporation chamber 1 is diverted into the steam side channel of the secondary steam preheating component 21 under pressure difference. Within the secondary steam preheating component 21, the high-temperature secondary steam and the low-temperature liquid medicine flow counter-currently. Heat is transferred from the steam side channel to the liquid medicine side channel. The liquid medicine absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. Through this heat exchange process, the temperature difference between the liquid medicine entering the evaporation chamber 1 and the liquid medicine temperature maintained within the evaporation chamber 1 is controlled within 5°C. When the liquid medicine enters the evaporation chamber 1, the thermodynamic conditions for violent flash evaporation no longer exist, thus avoiding a surge in foam caused by violent phase change expansion.

[0046] Specifically, the secondary steam preheating assembly 21 is a plate heat exchanger, which is formed by stacking and pressing multiple layers of stainless steel corrugated heat exchange plates in parallel, with sealing gaskets between adjacent stainless steel corrugated heat exchange plates. The sealing gaskets on odd-numbered layers of stainless steel corrugated heat exchange plates are configured to open the liquid-side flow channel interface and close the steam-side flow channel interface; the sealing gaskets on even-numbered layers of stainless steel corrugated heat exchange plates are configured to open the steam-side flow channel interface and close the liquid-side flow channel interface. When the multiple layers of stainless steel corrugated heat exchange plates are alternately stacked and pressed, the guiding effect of the sealing gaskets forms physically isolated and staggered liquid-side and steam-side flow channels between adjacent plates.

[0047] Specifically, the inlet of the liquid-side flow channel is connected to a single-effect inlet valve 23, and the outlet of the liquid-side flow channel is connected to a multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22. The liquid-side flow channel is used to circulate the liquid to be concentrated. The inlet of the steam-side flow channel is connected to the secondary steam outlet at the top of the evaporation chamber 1 via a stainless steel branch pipe; the outlet of the steam-side flow channel is connected to a steam trap, and the steam-side flow channel is used to circulate secondary steam and discharge condensate.

[0048] In one embodiment, the multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 includes a conical degassing chamber 221 and a diffuser 222; the top of the conical degassing chamber 221 is connected to the outlet of the feed pipe, and the flow surface of the conical degassing chamber 221 gradually increases; a through hole is provided on the side wall of the conical degassing chamber 221, and the through hole communicates with the interior of the evaporation chamber 1; the diffuser 222 is located at the bottom of the conical degassing chamber 221, and includes a spiral guide and a plurality of perforated plates, the plurality of perforated plates being arranged sequentially at intervals along the axial direction of the evaporation chamber 1; the spiral guide is located between two adjacent perforated plates to form a spiral flow channel between the two adjacent perforated plates.

[0049] In the above embodiment, the drug solution is in a negative pressure environment within the conical degassing chamber 221, which is the same as that within the evaporation chamber 1. Due to the presence of through holes, the internal pressure of the conical degassing chamber 221 remains consistent with that of the evaporation chamber 1. Dissolved gases in the drug solution rapidly precipitate due to the sudden drop in environmental pressure. The precipitated gases directly escape into the gas phase space of the evaporation chamber 1 through the through holes in the sidewall, and are subsequently extracted by the vacuum mechanism 4. The degassed drug solution continues to flow downwards into the diffuser 222. As the drug solution flows through the spiral guide vanes, it is forced to generate high-speed rotation. Subsequently, the rotating fluid passes through the porous plate and is dispersed into multiple fine liquid streams. Finally, the drug solution leaves the multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 in the form of a rotating liquid film. Under centrifugal force, the rotating liquid film adheres to the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 1 and slowly flows down along the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 1, merging into the bottom liquid. Through the above process, gas is precipitated prematurely, reducing the number of bubble nuclei in the drug solution and preventing the formation of bubble films by saponin components. Meanwhile, the rotating liquid film flows down the wall, avoiding direct vertical impact of the fluid on the liquid surface and eliminating turbulent foam caused by mechanical impact. This allows the device to maintain a stable liquid level in the evaporation chamber 1 during the replenishment stage, reducing the amount of foam generated.

[0050] Specifically, the feed pipe includes an L-shaped bend, and the multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 is connected to the secondary steam preheating component 21 via the L-shaped bend. The drug solution enters the multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 through the L-shaped bend.

[0051] Specifically, the L-shaped bend includes a first section and a second section that are perpendicular to each other; one end of the first section is connected to the secondary steam preheating assembly 21, and the other end passes through the liquid inlet on the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1 and connects to the second section; the end of the second section extends vertically downwards towards the liquid surface at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 1. A multi-stage dispersion liquid inlet head 22 is coaxially connected to the end of the second section. Specifically, the first section extends horizontally, and the second section extends vertically.

[0052] Specifically, the conical degassing chamber 221 and the diffuser 222 are coaxially connected.

[0053] Specifically, the conical degassing chamber 221 is in the shape of an inverted frustum cone. The smaller diameter opening at the top of the conical degassing chamber 221 is connected to the L-shaped bend, and the larger diameter opening at the bottom of the conical degassing chamber 221 faces downward.

[0054] Specifically, the conical degassing chamber 221 has several through holes with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1 mm evenly distributed on its side wall. The through holes directly connect the internal space of the conical degassing chamber 221 with the internal negative pressure space of the evaporation chamber 1.

[0055] Specifically, the diffuser 222 is installed at the large-diameter opening at the bottom of the conical degassing chamber 221.

[0056] Specifically, there is no limitation on the number of perforated plates included in the diffuser 222. In this embodiment, the diffuser 222 is composed of three horizontally placed perforated plates and a stack of spiral guide members sandwiched between adjacent perforated plates. The spiral guide members form a spiral flow channel to provide fluid rotation momentum.

[0057] Specifically, the perforated plate is a circular perforated plate. The spiral guide is a spiral guide blade.

[0058] In this embodiment, when the control module opens the single-effect liquid inlet valve 23 to perform liquid replenishment, the 25°C liquid medicine flows into the liquid medicine side channel of the secondary steam preheating component 21. Simultaneously, the 70°C secondary steam generated in the evaporation chamber 1 is diverted into the steam side channel of the secondary steam preheating component 21 under pressure difference. Inside the secondary steam preheating component 21, the high-temperature secondary steam and the low-temperature liquid medicine flow counter-currently on both sides of the stainless steel corrugated heat exchange plates. Heat is transferred from the steam side channel to the liquid medicine side channel through the stainless steel corrugated heat exchange plates. After releasing latent heat, the secondary steam condenses into liquid water and is discharged through the drain valve. The liquid medicine absorbs heat, and its temperature linearly rises to 60°C to 62°C as it flows through the stainless steel corrugated heat exchange plates. Through this heat exchange process, the temperature difference between the liquid medicine entering the evaporation chamber 1 and the liquid medicine temperature maintained within the evaporation chamber 1 is controlled within 5°C. When the liquid medicine enters evaporation chamber 1, the thermodynamic conditions for violent flash evaporation no longer exist, thus avoiding a surge in foam caused by violent expansion due to phase change. In actual verification, the temperature of the liquid medicine entering evaporation chamber 1 was 62℃, and the temperature of the liquid medicine maintained inside evaporation chamber 1 was 65℃.

[0059] In a specific implementation, the secondary steam preheating component 21 and the multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 effectively suppress foaming caused by temperature difference flash evaporation and fluid impact during liquid replenishment. However, after the device completes liquid replenishment and enters the continuous boiling and concentration stage, the thermodynamic conditions inside the evaporation chamber 1 change. At this time, the heating mechanism continuously inputs heat into the evaporation chamber 1 to maintain the boiling state of the liquid. Because the liquid contains natural surface-active ingredients such as saponins, these ingredients reduce the surface tension of the liquid, making it difficult for the steam bubbles generated during boiling to break and aggregate into a stable foam layer.

[0060] As the boiling process continues, the foam layer rises freely under the influence of the airflow. Once the foam layer accumulates to a height that reaches the defoaming probe 12, the control module will forcibly execute a defoaming action that breaks the vacuum. Although the defoaming action that breaks the vacuum can eliminate foam, the frequent vacuum breaking and rebuilding processes cause periodic fluctuations in the temperature and pressure parameters within the evaporation chamber 1, reducing the continuity of the concentration process and the solvent recovery rate.

[0061] In one embodiment, the evaporation chamber 1 is further equipped with a liquid level probe 11, a defoaming probe 12, and an adjustable baffle array 13. The defoaming probe 12 is located above the liquid level probe 11, and the adjustable baffle array 13 is located between the defoaming probe 12 and the liquid level probe 11. The adjustable baffle array 13 includes multiple baffle units, which are distributed along the circumference of the evaporation chamber 1.

[0062] In the above embodiment, the liquid level probe 11 monitors the real-time changes in the liquid level in the evaporation chamber 1, converting the height into a continuous electrical signal that is transmitted to the control module. The defoaming probe 12 continuously monitors the medium state at a specific height. When the foam layer contacts the probe end, the internal circuit of the defoaming probe 12 is activated, outputting a switch alarm signal to the control module. By adding an adjustable baffle array 13 inside the evaporation chamber 1, a mechanical obstruction and defoaming mechanism is formed in the foam rising path. The adjustable baffle array 13 occupies the necessary channel for foam rising in space, forcing the gas-liquid mixture to flow in a tortuous manner and contacting the wall of the baffle unit. Utilizing mechanical compression, frictional shearing, and bubble coalescence effects, it disrupts the stability of the foam and merges fine bubbles into easily ruptured large bubbles, thereby limiting the height of the foam layer before it touches the defoaming probe 12. During the continuous boiling stage, the problem of foam rising freely and frequently triggering emergency defoaming is solved.

[0063] Specifically, the liquid level probe 11 is preferably a capacitive liquid level sensor, which is installed on the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1. The probe rod of the liquid level probe 11 extends vertically downward, and the detection range covers a height range of 580mm to 680mm above the bottom of the evaporation chamber 1.

[0064] Specifically, the defoaming probe 12 is preferably a capacitive high liquid level switch, which is installed at a height of 1200mm above the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1, and the detection end of the defoaming probe 12 extends horizontally into the interior of the evaporation chamber 1.

[0065] In one embodiment, the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1 is provided with a through opening; the baffle unit includes a plate, an adjusting handle and a rotating shaft; the plate is located inside the evaporation chamber 1; the adjusting handle is located outside the evaporation chamber 1 and is provided with an angle scale; one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the plate, and the other end passes through the through opening and is connected to the adjusting handle.

[0066] In the above embodiments, the rotating shaft is controlled by adjusting the handle according to the foaming characteristics and evaporation rate of the liquid. The rotating shaft causes the internal plate to deflect, changing the angle between the plate surface and the vertical central axis of the evaporation chamber 1. When processing liquids with strong foaming properties, the rotating shaft is controlled by adjusting the handle to increase the angle between the plate and the vertical central axis. In this state, the plate gradually approaches a horizontal position, increasing the effective shielding area of ​​the evaporation chamber 1 cross-section, forcing the rising fluid to undergo violent flow around it, thereby enhancing the physical interception and breaking effect of foam. When processing liquids with weak foaming properties or when it is necessary to increase the evaporation rate, the rotating shaft is controlled by adjusting the handle to decrease the angle between the plate and the vertical central axis. In this state, the plate gradually approaches a vertical position, increasing the flow cross-section inside the evaporation chamber 1, reducing the frictional resistance of the secondary steam flow, and ensuring evaporation efficiency.

[0067] Specifically, adjusting the handle controls the rotation shaft, increasing the angle between the plate and the vertical central axis; the angle range between the plate and the vertical central axis can be 60 degrees to 80 degrees. Adjusting the handle controls the rotation shaft, decreasing the angle between the plate and the vertical central axis; the angle range between the plate and the vertical central axis can be 0 degrees to 30 degrees.

[0068] Specifically, the rotating shaft passes radially through a through-hole in the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1. A rotary seal assembly is provided at the connection between the rotating shaft and the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1 to ensure the airtightness of the evaporation chamber 1 and allow the rotating shaft to rotate. The rotary seal assembly includes, but is not limited to, a stuffing box or a mechanical seal.

[0069] Specifically, the angle dial on the adjustment handle can be used to indicate the angle status of the baffle unit.

[0070] In one embodiment, the plate body includes an arc-shaped plate with raised textures on its surface.

[0071] In the above embodiment, when the liquid medicine in the evaporation chamber 1 is boiling, the steam bubbles containing saponins gather into a foam layer and rise. When the rising foam layer reaches the installation height of the adjustable baffle array 13, the foam first contacts the surface of the baffle unit. Since the baffle unit occupies part of the flow section, the foam cannot pass through in a straight line and is forced to flow around the surface of the plate. During the flow, the foam is physically blocked by the surface of the plate, and the bubbles are squeezed together. At the same time, the interlocking prismatic texture of the plate surface scratches and punctures the sliding foam film. Under the combined action of mechanical compression and frictional shearing, the bubble walls rupture, releasing the encapsulated gas. The unruptured small bubbles coalesce in the congestion and collision, merging into large bubbles with a diameter of more than 5 mm. Due to the reduced surface tension and increased buoyancy, the large bubbles rupture rapidly and return to the liquid phase as they continue to rise after detaching from the plate. Through the above process, the adjustable baffle array 13 eliminates most of the rising foam in the middle area, limiting the overall height of the foam layer.

[0072] Specifically, the plate is an arc-shaped stainless steel plate, the radius of curvature of which is adapted to the inner wall radius of the evaporation chamber 1. The surface of the arc-shaped stainless steel plate is processed with staggered prismatic raised textures with a height of 1mm to 2mm to increase friction and puncture effect when in contact with foam.

[0073] In a specific implementation, an adjustable baffle array 13 is added to intercept rising foam in the central region of the evaporation chamber 1. Under normal concentration conditions, the foam layer is confined below the adjustable baffle array 13. However, the characteristics of the raw materials in the liquid are fluctuating. When the saponin content in the raw material exceeds the design range or when there is a sudden change in the input heat of the heating mechanism, the foaming rate in the evaporation chamber 1 will exceed the defoaming capacity of the adjustable baffle array 13, and the foam layer will break through the obstruction of the adjustable baffle array 13 and continue to rise. When the foam layer touches the defoaming probe 12, the control module triggers an emergency defoaming action according to a preset program.

[0074] In a specific implementation, the emergency defoaming action involves opening the vacuum vent valve at the vacuum interface to disrupt the negative pressure environment, relying on the natural collapse of the foam caused by the pressure balance process. Due to the time lag between pressure transmission and foam response, before pressure balance is achieved, the inertially rising foam layer may still overflow the secondary steam outlet at the top of evaporation chamber 1, leading to material spillage. Furthermore, relying on disrupting the vacuum for defoaming requires time to rebuild the vacuum level, interrupting the production process.

[0075] In one embodiment, the evaporation chamber 1 is further provided with an auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14, which is located above the defoaming probe 12.

[0076] In the above embodiment, an auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 is added to the top of the evaporation chamber 1. The auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 utilizes external high-pressure gas as a power source to create a downward high-speed airflow field in the top space of the evaporation chamber 1. The airflow ejected by the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 directly acts on the surface of the rising foam layer, utilizing the momentum impact force of the airflow to exceed the surface tension limit of the foam film, causing physical rupture of the foam film. Simultaneously, the high-speed airflow generates turbulent shear upon contact with the foam layer, disrupting the packing structure between bubbles and accelerating the gas-liquid separation process. This solves the problem that before pressure equilibrium is achieved, the inertially rising foam layer may still overflow the secondary steam outlet at the top of the evaporation chamber 1, leading to material spillage.

[0077] Specifically, the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 is activated when the defoaming probe 12 triggers an alarm, suppressing and eliminating the uncontrolled foam layer, and in conjunction with the vacuum destruction action, preventing the risk of overflow.

[0078] In one embodiment, the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 includes an annular pipe 141 and a plurality of nozzle units 142; the annular pipe 141 is installed on the top of the evaporation chamber 1; the plurality of nozzle units 142 are arranged sequentially at intervals around the annular pipe 141, and each nozzle unit 142 includes an air outlet facing downward, and the spray axis of the air outlet is inclined toward the central axis of the evaporation chamber 1.

[0079] In the above embodiment, through the cooperation of the annular pipe 141 and multiple nozzle units 142, since the jet axis of the air outlet is inclined toward the central axis of the evaporation chamber 1, the airflow ejected by the multiple nozzle units 142 can form a cone-shaped airflow impact zone that covers the entire cross section of the evaporation chamber 1 and converges downwards, effectively and comprehensively suppressing and eliminating the runaway foam layer.

[0080] In a specific embodiment, the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 is installed below the elliptical end cap 15 at the top of the evaporation chamber 1, above the monitoring position of the defoaming probe 12. The support structure for the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 is a stainless steel annular pipe 141, which is horizontally suspended from the inner wall of the elliptical end cap 15 by a hanger. Multiple nozzle units 142 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the stainless steel annular pipe 141. The inclination angle of the spray axis of the outlet of each nozzle unit 142 is 15 degrees to 30 degrees.

[0081] Specifically, there is no limit to the number of nozzle units 142. In this embodiment, 8 to 12 nozzle units 142 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the stainless steel annular pipe 141.

[0082] Specifically, the inlet of the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 is connected to an external compressed air system via an air supply pipeline passing through the top of the evaporation chamber 1. A mechanical pressure regulating valve and an air supply solenoid valve are installed sequentially on the air supply pipeline. The mechanical pressure regulating valve is used to stabilize the compressed air pressure within the range of 0.3 MPa to 0.5 MPa. The air supply solenoid valve is electrically connected to the control module and is used to control the on / off state of the air supply.

[0083] Specifically, the control module activates the air source solenoid valve on the air source pipeline. Compressed air, after being regulated by a mechanical pressure regulating valve, is injected into the stainless steel annular pipeline 141 and ejected at high speed from each nozzle unit 142. Because the nozzle units 142 are arranged in a cohesive and inclined manner, the ejected high-speed airflow converges into a cone-shaped airflow field, directly impacting the rising foam layer below. The mechanical impact force of the high-pressure airflow tears the foam film, forcing the foam layer to collapse, liquefy, and fall back.

[0084] In one embodiment, the evaporation chamber 1 is further provided with a vacuum venting valve; the drug concentration equipment also includes a control module, which is communicatively connected to the defoaming probe 12, the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 and the vacuum venting valve. When the control module receives a foam contact signal from the defoaming probe 12, it simultaneously opens the vacuum venting valve and the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14.

[0085] In the above embodiment, during the concentration process, if the foam layer breaks through the adjustable baffle array 13 and continues to rise due to material fluctuations, the defoaming probe 12 sends a trigger signal to the control module when the foam layer contacts the detection end of the defoaming probe 12. After receiving the trigger signal, the control module executes the synchronous linkage control logic, opens the vacuum vent valve at the vacuum interface of the evaporation chamber 1, and allows external atmosphere to enter the evaporation chamber 1, reducing the vacuum level inside the evaporation chamber 1. The disruption of the negative pressure environment weakens the pressure basis for foam expansion. At the same time, the defoaming response time is shortened by introducing the aerodynamic impact of the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14. At the critical state where the foam is about to overflow at the top, the airflow impact provides a suppressive force to prevent material from entering the secondary steam outlet. Under the synergistic effect of the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 and the vacuum vent valve, the height of the foam layer is reduced to a safe height away from the contact range of the defoaming probe 12.

[0086] Specifically, when the trigger signal of the defoaming probe 12 disappears, the control module executes the reset logic. The control module closes the gas source solenoid valve and stops the spraying action of the auxiliary defoaming nozzle 14 to prevent non-condensable gases from continuously entering the device. At the same time, the control module closes the vacuum vent valve and drives the vacuum mechanism 4 to re-evacuate the gas. As the vacuum level in the evaporation chamber 1 is restored, the device re-enters the boiling concentration state.

[0087] Specifically, the control module includes a programmable logic controller (PLC controller).

[0088] In one embodiment, a heating mechanism is further included, which includes a spiral guide plate 31 and a jacket body 32; the spiral guide plate 31 is spirally wound around the outer side wall of the lower part of the evaporation chamber 1; the jacket body 32 covers the outer side of the spiral guide plate 31, and the inner wall of the jacket body 32 is in contact with the outer edge of the spiral guide plate 31; a continuous spiral heat transfer oil flow channel is formed between the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 1, the spiral guide plate 31 and the jacket body 32.

[0089] In the above embodiment, after the external high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the jacket body 32, it is physically constrained by the spiral guide plate 31 and cannot flow directly upwards. Instead, it flows in a spiral upward pattern along the spiral heat transfer oil flow channel. This spiral upward flow prolongs the residence time and flow path of the heat transfer oil within the jacket body 32, promoting turbulent flow. The high-temperature heat transfer oil conducts heat through the wall of the evaporation chamber 1, continuously transferring heat energy to the liquid medicine inside the evaporation chamber 1, maintaining the boiling and evaporation state of the liquid medicine.

[0090] Specifically, the heating mechanism is enclosed on the outer wall of the lower part of the evaporation chamber 1, forming a sealed heat exchange chamber with the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 1. The inlet and outlet of the heating mechanism are connected to the external heat transfer oil supply system and the heat transfer oil recovery system, respectively, to guide the heat transfer oil through the heat exchange chamber and transfer heat to the liquid medicine inside the evaporation chamber 1 through the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 1.

[0091] Specifically, the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 1 and the jacket body 32 are fitted together to form a heat exchange chamber, and the spiral heat transfer oil flow channel is located in the heat exchange chamber.

[0092] Specifically, the spiral guide plate 31 is a long strip of stainless steel plate, which is vertically welded to the outer wall of the lower part of the evaporation chamber 1 in a continuous spiral winding manner.

[0093] Specifically, the spiral guide plate 31 covers the area from below the liquid inlet of the evaporation chamber 1 to above the bottom conical head 16.

[0094] Specifically, the jacket body 32 is an annular stainless steel cylinder that covers the outside of the spiral guide plate 31. The bottom of the jacket body 32 is provided with an inlet pipe, and the top is provided with an outlet pipe, both of which are connected to the heat transfer oil flow channel.

[0095] Specifically, the heating mechanism also includes a heat transfer oil inlet valve 33 and a heat transfer oil outlet valve 34. The heat transfer oil inlet valve 33 is connected to the inlet pipe at the bottom of the jacket body 32 via a flange, and the heat transfer oil outlet valve 34 is connected to the outlet pipe at the top of the jacket body 32 via a flange.

[0096] Specifically, when the control module opens the heat transfer oil inlet valve 33 and the heat transfer oil outlet valve 34, the external high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the jacket body 32.

[0097] In a specific implementation, the vacuum mechanism 4 is connected to the vacuum interface at the top of the evaporation chamber 1 via a pipe. The vacuum mechanism 4 is used to extract the gas inside the evaporation chamber 1, establishing and maintaining a negative pressure evaporation environment below standard atmospheric pressure within the evaporation chamber 1.

[0098] Specifically, the vacuum mechanism 4 includes a vacuum buffer tank 41, a vacuum pump 42, a vacuum butterfly valve 43, and a vacuum angle valve 44. One end of the vacuum buffer tank 41 is connected to the vacuum interface at the top of the evaporation chamber 1 via a stainless steel pipe. The other end of the vacuum buffer tank 41 is connected to the inlet of the vacuum pump 42 via the vacuum butterfly valve 43 and the vacuum angle valve 44 connected in series. The vacuum butterfly valve 43 is configured as a shut-off control structure with a fully open or fully closed state, and the vacuum angle valve 44 is configured as a flow regulating structure with continuously adjustable opening degree.

[0099] Specifically, after the vacuum pump 42 starts, it generates a suction effect, drawing gas in from the inlet and discharging it into the atmosphere. The vacuum buffer tank 41 uses its own volume to buffer the pressure pulsations generated during the pumping process, ensuring stable pressure changes in the evaporation chamber 1 and the pipeline. In the initial pumping phase, the vacuum butterfly valve 43 is fully open to achieve rapid pumping; in the maintenance phase, the vacuum butterfly valve 43 is closed, and the vacuum angle valve 44 adjusts its opening according to the instructions of the control module to precisely control the pumping rate, thereby balancing the leakage rate and the amount of non-condensable gas generated by evaporation, and thus maintaining a stable vacuum level in the evaporation chamber 1.

[0100] In a specific embodiment, the condensing mechanism 5 is installed downstream of the evaporation chamber 1, connected to the secondary steam outlet at the top of the evaporation chamber 1 via a pipe, and connected to an external cooling medium circulation system. The condensing mechanism 5 is used to receive the secondary steam generated in the evaporation chamber 1 and convert the secondary steam into condensate through heat exchange with the cooling medium.

[0101] Specifically, the condensing mechanism 5 includes a condenser body, which is preferably a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The shell-side inlet of the condenser body is connected to the secondary steam outlet at the top of the evaporation chamber 1 via a stainless steel pipe. The tube-side inlet of the condenser body is connected to an external cooling water supply pipe, and the tube-side outlet is connected to an external cooling water recovery pipe.

[0102] Specifically, the secondary steam generated in evaporation chamber 1 enters the shell-side space of the condenser body. Simultaneously, low-temperature cooling water flows through the heat exchange tubes in the tube side. Upon contact with the low-temperature heat exchange tube wall, the secondary steam releases latent heat, transforming from a gaseous state into liquid condensate. The condensate slides down the tube wall and collects, ultimately being discharged through the condensate outlet. This process achieves the liquefaction and recovery of gaseous components and volume reduction, helping to maintain a negative pressure state.

[0103] In a specific implementation, the discharge mechanism 6 is used for material circulation monitoring and final discharge. The discharge mechanism 6 is connected to the discharge port at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 1 via a pipe, and is also connected to the downstream processing equipment and the return port of the evaporation chamber 1. The discharge mechanism 6 is used to transport the concentrated ointment to the downstream processing equipment, or to transport the liquid that has not reached the concentration standard back into the evaporation chamber 1 for circulation. Specifically, the ointment can be artemisia annua extract.

[0104] Specifically, the discharge mechanism 6 includes a screw pump 61, a liquid outlet circulation three-way valve 62, a circulation loop 63, and a mass flow meter 64. The suction inlet of the screw pump 61 is connected to the discharge port at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 1. The discharge outlet of the screw pump 61 is connected to the inlet of the liquid outlet circulation three-way valve 62. The first outlet of the liquid outlet circulation three-way valve 62 is connected to the downstream alcohol precipitation tank via a pipe, and the second outlet is connected to one end of the circulation loop 63. The other end of the circulation loop 63 is connected to the reflux port on the side wall of the evaporation chamber 1. The mass flow meter 64 is installed on the circulation loop 63.

[0105] Specifically, the screw pump 61 operates to generate a volumetric conveying action, drawing the high-viscosity ointment from the bottom of the evaporation chamber 1 and pushing it to the downstream pipeline. The outlet circulation three-way valve 62 changes its valve core position according to control commands, determining the material flow direction. During the concentration process, the material enters the circulation loop 63. The mass flow meter 64 measures the fluid density flowing through the pipeline in real time and transmits the density data to the control module. When material needs to be discharged, the outlet circulation three-way valve 62 switches the flow path, and the material is transported to the downstream alcohol precipitation tank.

[0106] In a specific implementation, the control module is electrically connected via signal cables to the detection and actuation elements within the evaporation chamber 1, heating mechanism, vacuum mechanism 4, condensation mechanism 5, feeding mechanism 2, and discharging mechanism 6. The control module collects operating status parameters from the evaporation chamber 1, heating mechanism, vacuum mechanism 4, condensation mechanism 5, feeding mechanism 2, and discharging mechanism 6, generates control commands based on preset control logic, drives the actuation elements, and coordinates the operation of the evaporation chamber 1, heating mechanism, vacuum mechanism 4, condensation mechanism 5, feeding mechanism 2, and discharging mechanism 6.

[0107] Specifically, during operation, the control module drives the vacuum mechanism 4 to reduce the internal pressure of the evaporation chamber 1 to a preset vacuum level; the control module also drives the heating mechanism to raise the temperature of the wall surface of the evaporation chamber 1. Once the vacuum level and temperature inside the evaporation chamber 1 meet the feeding conditions, the feeding mechanism 2 delivers the liquid medicine into the evaporation chamber 1. The liquid medicine absorbs heat and boils inside the evaporation chamber 1, and the resulting secondary steam enters the condensing mechanism 5 for condensation. During this process, the control module controls the feeding mechanism 2 to perform liquid replenishment or stop liquid replenishment based on the liquid level signal inside the evaporation chamber 1; the control module also controls the vacuum mechanism 4 and related components to perform defoaming based on the foam monitoring signal inside the evaporation chamber 1. When the discharging mechanism 6 detects that the liquid medicine density has reached a preset standard, the control module drives the discharging mechanism 6 to discharge the ointment.

[0108] Specifically, the control module is installed in an independent control cabinet and is electrically connected to the liquid level probe 11, defoaming probe 12, mass flow meter 64, heat transfer oil inlet valve 33, heat transfer oil outlet valve 34, vacuum pump 42, vacuum butterfly valve 43, vacuum angle valve 44, storage tank outlet valve, single-effect inlet valve 23, screw pump 61, and outlet circulation three-way valve 62 via signal cables.

[0109] Specifically, the control module periodically scans the signal status of each input port to obtain the current liquid level, density, and equipment operation feedback. Based on the preset logic program, the control module performs calculations and sends control commands to each electric valve and pump through the output port to drive the actuators and realize the automated operation of the device.

[0110] Specifically, during the overall operation of the device, the control module coordinates the vacuum mechanism 4 to maintain the gas pressure in the evaporation chamber 1 at a stable -0.080 MPa, and coordinates the heating mechanism to maintain the temperature of the liquid in the evaporation chamber 1 at a constant level of approximately 65°C. When the liquid level probe 11 detects that the liquid level has dropped to the replenishment threshold, the control module opens the single-effect inlet valve 23 to perform the replenishment operation. At this time, the liquid in the external storage tank at a temperature of 25°C enters the evaporation chamber 1, which is under high temperature and negative pressure, directly through the stainless steel straight-through delivery pipe.

[0111] The pharmaceutical concentration equipment provided in this application achieves full foam control during the concentration process of pharmaceutical solutions containing surfactants by intervening at the replenishment source, the boiling intermediate layer, and before the top outlet. This effectively solves the problem of foam surge caused by sudden changes in the physical environment of the feed in the traditional single-effect concentration process, as well as the problem of production interruption and increased energy consumption caused by passively relying on the destruction of vacuum defoaming.

[0112] Specifically, this application achieves a smooth transition of the physical state of the feed fluid and source foam suppression by connecting a secondary steam preheating component 21 and a multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 in series in the feeding mechanism 2. The secondary steam preheating component 21 uses the waste heat discharged from the evaporation chamber 1 to heat the low-temperature liquid to near the internal equilibrium temperature of the evaporation chamber 1, eliminating the temperature gradient that would cause flash evaporation. The multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 uses a through-hole structure to balance the internal and external pressure difference when the fluid enters the negative pressure environment, inducing the controlled precipitation of dissolved gas, and uses a spiral flow guiding structure to convert the high-kinetic-energy pipe flow into a low-kinetic-energy rotating liquid film flowing along the wall. The combination of the secondary steam preheating component 21 and the multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 eliminates the bubble source caused by the drastic phase change of the liquid due to heat absorption, and avoids the mechanical turbulence caused by the direct impact of the jet on the liquid surface. Compared with the method of directly using negative pressure to draw in low-temperature liquid, which leads to explosive foaming, this application maintains the stability of the gas-liquid interface in the evaporation chamber 1 during the replenishment stage, blocking the kinetic path of foam generation.

[0113] Specifically, this application achieves non-destructive vacuum-based combined defoaming by incorporating an adjustable baffle array 13 and auxiliary defoaming nozzles 14 inside the evaporation chamber 1. The adjustable baffle array 13, located in the middle, uses an arc-shaped plate occupying the flow channel to force rising foam to flow around it, and uses interlaced prismatic raised textures on its surface to squeeze and puncture the foam, promoting bubble coalescence and breakage. The auxiliary defoaming nozzles 14, located at the top, apply momentum impact to the foam layer using a downward cohesive conical airflow field formed by compressed air when the foam is at the critical point of runaway. The adjustable baffle array 13 and auxiliary defoaming nozzles 14 physically eliminate or suppress the foam before it reaches the secondary steam outlet. Compared to methods that only force complete vacuum destruction for defoaming when foam overflows, this application can limit foam height while maintaining a negative pressure evaporation environment, effectively preventing material spillage accidents and ensuring continuous operation of the concentration process and the purity of solvent recovery.

[0114] Specifically, the active foam suppression of the feeding mechanism 2 and the combined defoaming effect inside the evaporation chamber 1, through the synergistic optimization of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, enable the device to maintain a stable high vacuum operation over a longer period when processing easily foaming materials, achieving energy saving and efficiency improvement. Specifically, the secondary steam preheating component 21 and the multi-stage dispersion inlet head 22 reduce the gas content and turbulence energy in the liquid phase during the feeding stage, ensuring that foaming in the evaporation chamber 1 is dominated solely by boiling heat transfer. This reduces the defoaming load on the adjustable baffle array 13, allowing it to more effectively handle boiling foam caused by components such as saponins. Simultaneously, the secondary steam preheating component 21 recovers the latent heat of the secondary steam for preheating the feed, reducing the load on the condensation mechanism 5 and decreasing the energy consumption of the heating mechanism after replenishment.

[0115] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended application.

Claims

1. A pharmaceutical liquid concentration device, characterized in that, include: An evaporation chamber (1) is used to contain the liquid medicine and provide an evaporation environment; the evaporation chamber (1) is provided with a liquid inlet and a secondary steam outlet; The feeding mechanism (2) includes a feeding pipe, a secondary steam preheating component (21), and a multi-stage dispersion liquid inlet head (22). The feeding pipe is connected to the liquid inlet interface. The secondary steam preheating component (21) is installed on the feeding pipe. The secondary steam preheating component (21) includes a liquid side channel and a steam side channel. The fluid inlet of the steam side channel is connected to the secondary steam outlet of the evaporation chamber (1). The multi-stage dispersion liquid inlet head (22) is located inside the evaporation chamber (1), installed on the feeding pipe, and connected to the fluid outlet of the liquid side channel. The liquid-side flow channel and the steam-side flow channel are arranged alternately; and the fluid inlet of the liquid-side flow channel and the fluid outlet of the steam-side flow channel are located on the first side of the secondary steam preheating component (21), and the fluid outlet of the liquid-side flow channel and the fluid inlet of the steam-side flow channel are located on the second side of the secondary steam preheating component (21); the first side and the second side are arranged opposite to each other; The multi-stage dispersion inlet head (22) includes: A conical degassing chamber (221) is connected at its top to the outlet of the feed pipe, and the flow surface of the conical degassing chamber (221) gradually increases; the side wall of the conical degassing chamber (221) is provided with a through hole, and the through hole communicates with the interior of the evaporation chamber (1); A diffuser (222) is located at the bottom of the conical degassing chamber (221) and includes a spiral guide and multiple perforated plates. The multiple perforated plates are arranged sequentially at intervals along the axial direction of the evaporation chamber (1). The spiral guide is located between two adjacent perforated plates and is used to form a spiral flow channel between the two adjacent perforated plates.

2. The pharmaceutical liquid concentration equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation chamber (1) is also equipped with a liquid level probe (11), a defoaming probe (12) and an adjustable baffle array (13). The defoaming probe (12) is located above the liquid level probe (11), and the adjustable baffle array (13) is located between the defoaming probe (12) and the liquid level probe (11). The adjustable baffle array (13) includes multiple baffle units, which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the evaporation chamber (1).

3. The pharmaceutical liquid concentration equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The evaporation chamber (1) has a through opening on its side wall; the baffle unit includes: The plate is located inside the evaporation chamber (1); An adjustment handle is located outside the evaporation chamber (1), and the adjustment handle is provided with an angle scale. The rotating shaft has one end connected to the plate body and the other end passing through the through-hole and connected to the adjusting handle.

4. The pharmaceutical liquid concentration equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plate body includes an arc-shaped plate with raised textures on its surface.

5. The pharmaceutical liquid concentration equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The evaporation chamber (1) is also equipped with an auxiliary defoaming nozzle (14), which is located above the defoaming probe (12).

6. The pharmaceutical liquid concentration equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The auxiliary defoaming nozzle (14) includes: A ring-shaped pipe (141) is installed on top of the evaporation chamber (1); Multiple nozzle units (142) are arranged sequentially at intervals around the annular pipe (141), and each nozzle unit (142) includes an air outlet facing downwards, and the spray axis of the air outlet is inclined toward the central axis of the evaporation chamber (1).

7. The pharmaceutical liquid concentration equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The evaporation chamber (1) is also equipped with a vacuum venting valve; the liquid concentration equipment also includes a control module, which is communicatively connected to the defoaming probe (12), the auxiliary defoaming nozzle (14) and the vacuum venting valve. When the control module receives the foam contact signal from the defoaming probe (12), it simultaneously opens the vacuum venting valve and the auxiliary defoaming nozzle (14).

8. The pharmaceutical solution concentration device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes a heating mechanism, which comprises: A spiral guide plate (31) is spirally wound around the outer side wall of the lower part of the evaporation chamber (1); The jacket body (32) covers the outside of the spiral guide plate (31), and the inner wall of the jacket body (32) is in contact with the outer edge of the spiral guide plate (31); a continuous spiral heat transfer oil flow channel is formed between the outer wall of the evaporation chamber (1), the spiral guide plate (31) and the jacket body (32).

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