Highly loaded roller bearing and process for producing same

Abstract

The application discloses a high-load bearing roller bearing and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of bearings.The technical scheme is as follows: the bearing is composed of an outer ring, an inner ring, a dust cover and a plurality of rollers;two spaced channels are formed on the inner circumferential wall of the outer ring by grinding, and an annular ridge is formed between the two channels to limit the axial displacement of the rollers;the distance between the end of the roller and the inner wall of the channel gradually increases from the annular ridge to the two sides of the outer ring;the inner ring comprises a gasket sleeve part and a limiting stop part, and the limiting stop part and the gasket sleeve part are connected with the outer ring through the dust cover;the rollers are arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring in full load, and a ring groove matched with the annular ridge is formed at the middle segment position of the roller.In the application, the rollers are arranged in full load, have excellent radial rigidity, are more suitable for high-support-rigidity equipment, and the structure of the rollers and the annular ridge on the inner wall of the outer ring can improve the load capacity in the axial direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to bearings, and more specifically, to a high-load-bearing roller bearing and its manufacturing process. Background Technology

[0002] Needle roller bearings, as a fundamental mechanical component using slender needle rollers as rolling elements, are characterized by a needle roller length-to-diameter ratio typically greater than or equal to 2.5, with the diameter generally not exceeding 5 mm. They occupy an irreplaceable position in mechanical transmission systems. Compared to traditional rolling bearings, needle roller bearings, with their compact structure, small radial dimensions, and high radial load capacity, are widely used in various rotating support structures in modern mechanical engineering, such as crankshafts and camshafts in automotive engines, and in machine tools and other applications where space is limited and large radial loads are required.

[0003] However, needle roller bearings have long faced a series of technical challenges during continuous operation. Among them, under high-speed rotation conditions, the bearing needles are prone to misalignment and jamming with the cage, resulting in increased friction and shortened bearing life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high load-bearing roller bearing and its manufacturing process.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a high load-bearing roller bearing, comprising an outer ring, an inner ring, a dust cover, and a plurality of rollers; The outer ring has two spaced grooves ground on its inner circumferential wall, and an annular ridge is formed between the two grooves to roll and connect with the roller to limit the axial displacement of the roller. The distance between the end of the roller and the inner wall of the groove gradually increases from the annular ridge to both sides of the outer ring. The inner ring includes a liner sleeve and a limiting stop, both of which are connected to the outer ring via dust covers; Rollers are fully fitted between the outer and inner rings, and the middle section of the rollers has an annular groove that matches the ring edge. When several rollers are filled into the inner side of the outer ring, the annular grooves of the rollers match the annular ridges, and there is a gap between the two ends of the rollers and the limiting stop. The assembly steps include: first connecting the limiting stop and dust cover on one side to the outer ring, then applying lubricating grease to the inner wall of the outer ring, filling several rollers into the inner side of the outer ring, and after the rollers are filled to the full load state, installing the bushing and another dust cover to complete the bearing assembly.

[0006] The invention is further configured such that: an oil storage groove is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the outer ring, located on both sides of the ring edge, and the oil storage groove and the roller are provided with a movable clearance in the axial direction.

[0007] The present invention is further configured such that: the inclination angle of the groove is 0.5-1°, the distance between the end of the roller and the inner wall of the groove increases linearly or exponentially along the axial direction, and the maximum gap is located inside the end of the outer ring, and its value is 0.5-3% of the roller diameter.

[0008] The present invention is further configured such that the gap between the two ends of the roller and the limiting stop is 2-8% of the length of the roller, and the gap between the two ends of the roller and the limiting stop is filled with lubricating grease to form an axial oil film buffer cavity.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that: a microtexture is formed between the annular groove and the annular ridge of the roller, which is used to accommodate grease between the oil storage groove and the microtexture to form hydrodynamic lubrication when the roller bearing rotates.

[0010] The manufacturing process of high-load-bearing roller bearings includes the following steps: Roller diameter design: Determine the initial value of the needle roller diameter based on space constraints, set the initial needle roller length, and perform iterative verification based on the rated dynamic load of the needle roller bearing. If the actual dynamic load value is less than the rated dynamic load, increase the needle roller diameter by 0.5mm each time until the rated dynamic load is met. The roller shaft length and annular groove design are determined based on the roller diameter and the axial width of the outer ring, including the roller length, annular groove width, and annular groove depth. Determine the roller end gradual clearance, and calculate the axial gradual clearance between the roller end and the inner wall of the groove based on the roller length; The axial clearance and circumferential clearance are determined. The initial value of the circumferential clearance is set to 0.005 mm. Based on the temperature difference between the working temperature and the room temperature, the circumferential clearance is increased by 0.0005 mm for every 1°C temperature difference. The circumferential clearance is constrained to be between 0.005 and 0.04 mm.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the specific steps for designing the roller diameter are: measuring the inner diameter D of the outer ring and the outer diameter d of the inner ring, and calculating the initial value of the roller diameter. , ,and The value is 3-20mm; The specific steps for designing the roller shaft length and annular groove are as follows: based on the initial value of the roller diameter... As the roller diameter Set the initial roller length And iteratively verify according to the formula for rated dynamic load of needle roller bearings: The number of needle rollers Initial contact angle The angle is 30°, calculated as follows Less than the required rated dynamic load, and for the roller length Annular groove width Annular groove depth .

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that the gradual clearance at the end of the roller is set as follows: ; The circumferential clearance is ; The axial clearance is And the axial clearance is 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that its preparation steps also include: The inner channel is ground according to the axial gradual clearance and the specifications of the annular groove. After the machining is completed, ultrasonic cleaning is performed. Assemble the rollers, install the limiting stop inside one side of the outer ring through a dust cover, apply lubricating grease to the inner wall of the outer ring, fill several rollers on one side of the limiting stop and arrange them in a ring, and position the rollers through the ring ridge and ring groove. Install the gasket sleeve, press the gasket sleeve into the outer ring, limit several rollers between the outer ring and the gasket sleeve, and complete the installation of the gasket sleeve and the outer ring by using a dust cover.

[0014] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This application forms two grooves on the inner wall of the outer ring by grinding, and fills the needle rollers located between the two grooves as rollers. Since the two grooves are provided with annular ridges and the middle section of the needle rollers is provided with annular grooves, the rollers can be positioned by means of the annular ridges and annular grooves. Compared with existing roller bearings, the double-groove design and the provided rollers enable the needle roller bearing to have good load-bearing capacity and load. In addition, the rollers in this application are fully loaded, which has excellent radial rigidity and is more easily adapted to equipment that requires high support rigidity. Furthermore, the structure of the rollers and the annular ridges on the inner wall of the outer ring can improve the axial load capacity. By using the ring groove and ring ridge, positioning is provided when the bearing is fully loaded with rollers. In terms of assembly method, this application adopts pre-lubricating grease, which provides a certain adhesion force through solid lubricating grease, so that the rollers can be pre-fixed in position when they are filled onto the inner wall of the outer ring. This overcomes the problem of the roller ends hitting the ends of the bushing when the rollers are fully loaded, which increases the difficulty of bearing assembly. Furthermore, the pre-lubricating operation can effectively lubricate the rollers, the outer ring, and the bushing, which is also helpful in controlling the clearance between the rollers. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the present invention along its axial direction; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged diagram of point B in the middle.

[0017] On the diagram: 1. Outer ring; 11. Groove; 12. Ring ridge; 13. Oil reservoir groove; 2. Inner ring; 21. Gasket sleeve; 22. Limit stop; 3. Dust cover; 4. Roller; 41. Ring groove. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0020] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used to facilitate the description of this invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Example 1: A high-load bearing with rollers 4, comprising an outer ring 1, an inner ring 2, a dust cover 3, and several rollers 4; Two spaced grooves 11 are ground on the inner circumferential wall of the outer ring 1, and an annular ridge 12 is formed between the two grooves 11 to roll and connect with the roller 4 to limit the axial displacement of the roller 4. The distance between the end of the roller 4 and the inner wall of the groove 11 gradually increases from the annular ridge 12 towards both sides of the outer ring 1. Specifically, in this embodiment, the annular ridge 12 is integrally formed on the symmetrical center plane of the outer ring 1, and the two grooves 11 are located on both sides of the annular ridge 12. The grooves 11 form an angle of 0.5-1° with the axis along the axial direction of the outer ring 1, thereby enabling the needle rollers to be fully assembled by the clearance formed by the tilt angle setting, providing good clearance space for the installation of the needle rollers. Furthermore, the grooves 11 are located on both sides of the annular ridge 12, allowing the annular ridge 12 to provide clearance for the middle section of the needle rollers. The limiting connection positions the roller 4 during installation. After the bearing is assembled, the middle part of the needle roller is located at the ring ridge 12, and the two ends of the needle roller are set in the grooves 11 on both sides. Since the grooves 11 form clearance by setting the inclination angle, the grooves 11 near the ring ridge 12 support the needle roller, and the end of the grooves 11 provides a small elastic deformation for the clearance between the ends of the needle roller. After deformation, an almost continuous contact surface can be formed, thereby avoiding the stress singularity of three-segment contact. When the bearing is under heavy load, the elastic deformation after the two ends of the needle roller contact can make the middle section contact the ring ridge 12, which plays an auxiliary support or guiding role. The inner peripheral wall of the outer ring 1 is also provided with oil storage grooves 13 located on both sides of the ring ridge 12. There is an axial movable clearance between the oil storage grooves 13 and the roller 4.

[0025] The inner ring 2 includes a bushing portion 21 and a limiting stop portion 22. Both the limiting stop portion 22 and the bushing portion 21 are connected to the outer ring 1 via a dust cover 3. In this application, the limiting stop portion 22 adopts a ring-shaped structure and is provided in two. One limiting stop portion 22 is integrally formed on one side of the bushing portion 21, while the other limiting stop portion 22 abuts against the other side of the bushing portion 21, thereby forming a space between the two limiting stops 22 to accommodate the needle rollers. The limiting stop portion 22 and the outer ring 1 are axially limited and sealed by the dust cover 3, thus ensuring the high load-bearing capacity of the bearing while taking into account the ease of assembly and the sealing reliability of long-term operation. It also serves as the bushing of the inner ring 2. Part 21 contacts the inner circumference surrounded by several needle rollers, forming a surface contact support structure, which effectively disperses contact stress and provides cooperative support for the needle rollers and the outer ring 1. This allows the contact stress to be dynamically redistributed among the annular ridge 12, the groove 11, and the limiting stop 22. This avoids edge peeling caused by single-point strong pressure on the end of the roller 4 in the traditional full-fill structure, and also suppresses micro-slippage and spin instability caused by the middle section being suspended. In this embodiment, the liner sleeve part 21 and the limiting stop 22, which are integrally structured, are provided with an annular groove to accommodate lubricating grease, increasing the oil storage capacity between the limiting stops 22 and further extending the lubrication maintenance cycle of the bearing under heavy load conditions.

[0026] Rollers 4 are fully fitted between the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2, and an annular groove 41 matching the annular ridge 12 is formed in the middle section of rollers 4. A microtexture is formed between the annular groove 41 and the annular ridge 12 of rollers 4. When the roller bearing rotates, it can accommodate grease in the oil storage groove 13 and the microtexture to form hydrodynamic lubrication. Specifically, in this embodiment, the outer ring 1 is formed with a microtexture in the groove through a carbonitriding process to optimize surface properties such as friction, lubrication and wear resistance, significantly improve the performance of lubricating oil, reduce the coefficient of friction, and significantly improve surface hardness and fatigue life.

[0027] When several rollers 4 are filled into the inner side of the outer ring 1, the annular grooves 41 of the rollers 4 match the annular ridges 12, and a gap is left between the two ends of the rollers 4 and the limiting stops 22. The assembly steps include: first, connecting one side of the limiting stops 22 and the dust cover 3 to the outer ring 1; after applying lubricating grease to the inner wall of the outer ring 1, filling several rollers 4 into the inner side of the outer ring 1; after the rollers 4 are filled to full load, installing the bushing 21 and another dust cover 3 to complete the bearing assembly. The distance between the two limiting stops 22 is greater than the total shaft length of the needle rollers, so that a gap is formed between the two ends of the needle rollers and the limiting stops 22. The gap between the two ends of the rollers 4 and the limiting stops 22 is 2%-8% of the length of the rollers 4, so as to form a flow channel for lubricating grease during subsequent lubrication and serve as an axial oil film buffer cavity, effectively relieving axial impact load and improving running stability.

[0028] Example 2 The manufacturing process of high-load-bearing roller bearings includes the following steps: The roller diameter design involves determining the initial value of the needle roller diameter based on space constraints, setting the initial needle roller length, and iteratively verifying it against the rated dynamic load of the needle roller bearing. If the calculated actual dynamic load value is less than the rated dynamic load, the needle roller diameter is increased by 0.5mm increments until the rated dynamic load is met. Specifically, the roller diameter design steps are: measuring the inner diameter D of the outer ring and the outer diameter d of the inner ring, and calculating the initial value of the roller diameter. , ,and The value is 3-20mm; The roller shaft length and annular groove design, based on the roller diameter and the axial width of the outer ring, determines the roller length, annular groove width, and annular groove depth. Specifically, the design steps for the roller shaft length and annular groove are as follows: Based on the initial value of the roller diameter... As the roller diameter Set the initial roller length And iteratively verify according to the formula for rated dynamic load of needle roller bearings: The number of needle rollers Initial contact angle The angle is 30°, calculated as follows Less than the required rated dynamic load, and for the roller length If the ratio of its axial load to radial load is greater than 0.2, then ,otherwise Annular groove width Annular groove depth ; Determine the roller end gradual clearance. Calculate the axial gradual clearance between the roller end and the inner wall of the groove based on the roller length, and set it as follows: ; Circumferential clearance is Its unit is mm; Axial clearance is And the axial clearance is 0.1 to 0.3 mm; The axial clearance and circumferential clearance are determined. The initial value of the circumferential clearance is set to 0.005 mm. Based on the temperature difference between the working temperature and the room temperature, the circumferential clearance is increased by 0.0005 mm for every 1°C temperature difference. The circumferential clearance is constrained to be between 0.005 and 0.04 mm.

[0029] After completing the bearing specification design phase, the bearing is sample-processed using the following steps: The inner channel is ground, and the outer ring is ground according to the axial gradual clearance and the specifications of the annular groove. After the machining is completed, ultrasonic cleaning is performed. Assemble the rollers, install the limiting stop inside one side of the outer ring through a dust cover, apply lubricating grease to the inner wall of the outer ring, fill several rollers on one side of the limiting stop and arrange them in a ring, and position the rollers through the ring ridge and ring groove. Install the gasket sleeve, press the gasket sleeve into the outer ring, limit several rollers between the outer ring and the gasket sleeve, and complete the installation of the gasket sleeve and the outer ring by using a dust cover.

[0030] Specifically, for example, when designing a product suitable for high load and high temperature conditions, the maximum operating temperature is required to be 120℃ and the rated load to reach 60kN. According to the installation specifications, the inner diameter D of the outer ring and the outer diameter d of the inner ring are designed as D=70 mm and d=50 mm, respectively. The initial value of the needle roller diameter is then calculated. ,get It is 3-5mm, depending on the specific size. The initial roller length was obtained by designing the roller shaft length and annular groove to a value of 4mm. With rated dynamic load contact angle =30° to verify the rated dynamic load of the needle roller bearing, where the number of needle rollers is ,but , >60kN meets the rated dynamic load requirement, because its axial load to radial load ratio is 0.25, which is greater than 0.2. Annular groove width Annular groove depth ; Regarding the optimization of gradient gaps, =0.003, ,so That is, the maximum gap between the needle roller and the inner groove of the outer ring is 0.04mm; For the optimization of circumferential and axial clearances, based on the maximum operating temperature setting of 120℃, the circumferential clearance is: Since the constraint limit is exceeded, the circumferential clearance is set at 0.04 mm. The axial clearance is 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

[0031] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-load-bearing roller bearing, characterized in that: It consists of an outer ring, an inner ring, a dust cover, and several rollers; The outer ring has two spaced grooves ground on its inner circumferential wall, and an annular ridge is formed between the two grooves to roll and connect with the roller to limit the axial displacement of the roller. The distance between the end of the roller and the inner wall of the groove gradually increases from the annular ridge to both sides of the outer ring. The inner ring includes a liner sleeve and a limiting stop, both of which are connected to the outer ring via dust covers; Rollers are fully fitted between the outer and inner rings, and the middle section of the rollers has an annular groove that matches the ring edge. When several rollers are filled into the inner side of the outer ring, the annular grooves of the rollers match the annular ridges, and there is a gap between the two ends of the rollers and the limiting stop. The assembly steps include: first connecting the limiting stop and dust cover on one side to the outer ring, then applying lubricating grease to the inner wall of the outer ring, filling several rollers into the inner side of the outer ring, and after the rollers are filled to the full load state, installing the bushing and another dust cover to complete the bearing assembly.

2. The high-load-bearing roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner circumferential wall of the outer ring is also provided with oil storage grooves located on both sides of the ring edge, and there is an axial clearance between the oil storage grooves and the roller.

3. The high-load-bearing roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove has an inclination angle of 0.5-1°, and the distance between the end of the roller and the inner wall of the groove increases linearly or exponentially along the axial direction. The maximum gap is located inside the end of the outer ring and its value is 0.5%-3% of the roller diameter.

4. The high-load-bearing roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap between the two ends of the roller and the limiting stop is 2% to 8% of the roller length, and the gap between the two ends of the roller and the limiting stop is filled with lubricating grease to form an axial oil film buffer cavity.

5. The high-load-bearing roller bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The roller has a microtexture between the annular groove and the annular ridge, which is used to accommodate grease between the oil reservoir groove and the microtexture to form hydrodynamic lubrication when the roller bearing rotates.

6. A manufacturing process for high-load-bearing roller bearings, used to manufacture the high-load-bearing roller bearings as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The steps include: Roller diameter design: Determine the initial value of the needle roller diameter based on space constraints, set the initial needle roller length, and perform iterative verification based on the rated dynamic load of the needle roller bearing. If the actual dynamic load value is less than the rated dynamic load, increase the needle roller diameter by 0.5mm each time until the rated dynamic load is met. The roller shaft length and annular groove design are determined based on the roller diameter and the axial width of the outer ring, including the roller length, annular groove width, and annular groove depth. Determine the roller end gradual clearance, and calculate the axial gradual clearance between the roller end and the inner wall of the groove based on the roller length; The axial clearance and circumferential clearance are determined. The initial value of the circumferential clearance is set to 0.005 mm. Based on the temperature difference between the working temperature and the room temperature, the circumferential clearance is increased by 0.0005 mm for every 1°C temperature difference. The circumferential clearance is constrained to be between 0.005 and 0.04 mm.

7. The manufacturing process of the high-load-bearing roller bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps for designing the roller diameter are as follows: measure the inner diameter D of the outer ring and the outer diameter d of the inner ring, and calculate the initial value of the roller diameter. , ,and The value is 3-20mm; The specific steps for designing the roller shaft length and annular groove are as follows: based on the initial value of the roller diameter... As the roller diameter Set the initial roller length And iteratively verify according to the formula for rated dynamic load of needle roller bearings: The number of needle rollers Initial contact angle The angle is 30°, calculated as follows Less than the required rated dynamic load, and for the roller length Annular groove width Annular groove depth .

8. The manufacturing process of the high-load-bearing roller bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The roller end gradient clearance is set as follows: ; The circumferential clearance is ; The axial clearance is And the axial clearance is 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

9. The manufacturing process of the high-load-bearing roller bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: Its preparation steps also include: The inner channel is ground according to the axial gradual clearance and the specifications of the annular groove. After the machining is completed, ultrasonic cleaning is performed. Assemble the rollers, install the limiting stop inside one side of the outer ring through a dust cover, apply lubricating grease to the inner wall of the outer ring, fill several rollers on one side of the limiting stop and arrange them in a ring, and position the rollers through the ring ridge and ring groove. Install the gasket sleeve, press the gasket sleeve into the outer ring, limit several rollers between the outer ring and the gasket sleeve, and complete the installation of the gasket sleeve and the outer ring by using a dust cover.

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