Method and system for evaluating performance of building window-wall assembly shading effect

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of building window wall combination sunshade effect performance evaluation method and system, belong to building sunshade technical field.Aiming at the single dimension of existing wall sunshade evaluation method, not combined with climate zone and orientation difference, cannot distinguish summer sunshade and winter heat demand contradiction problem.This application constructs climate zone-orientation-season three-dimensional dynamic correction system to determine index limit and correction coefficient by collecting target building basic evaluation information;Seasonal, get sunshade performance parameters by orientation;Quantitative score is obtained based on index limit, correction coefficient and performance parameters to get single-season single-orientation index score;After weighted calculation, building overall comprehensive score is obtained and performance grade is divided.The application realizes three-dimensional dynamic accurate evaluation of seasonal, orientation, climate zone, and solves the problem of large deviation between traditional evaluation and actual working condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building shading technology, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating the performance of shading effects of building window-wall combinations. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely to provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In the field of building shading technology, although shading measures are widely used to reduce air conditioning energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and improve indoor light and heat comfort, existing methods for evaluating the effectiveness of wall shading generally suffer from a single dimension: they only test the performance of the shading components themselves and do not take into account factors such as differences in building climate zones and changes in window orientation, resulting in a large deviation between the evaluation results and actual engineering conditions; at the same time, existing methods fail to distinguish between the contradictory needs of summer shading and heat insulation and winter lighting and heat gain, and cannot adapt to the climate-adaptive design principle of "summer shading and winter heat gain".

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies lack a performance evaluation method for window-wall combination shading effects that can comprehensively consider the three-dimensional dynamic effects of climate zone, window orientation and seasonal operating conditions, and take into account the dual needs of summer shading and winter heat gain. It is difficult to eliminate the deviation between traditional evaluation and actual operating conditions, and thus it is impossible to accurately quantify the comprehensive performance of the shading system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a performance evaluation method and system for the shading effect of building window-wall combinations. By constructing a three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on climate zone, orientation, and season, it achieves precise quantitative evaluation by season and orientation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the performance of the shading effect of a building window-wall combination, specifically including: Collect basic evaluation information of the target building; A three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on climate zone, orientation, and season is constructed to determine the index limits and correction coefficients. Shading performance parameters are obtained by season and orientation according to the three-dimensional dynamic correction system. Quantitative scoring is performed based on the index limits, correction coefficients, and shading performance parameters to obtain the single-season, single-orientation index score. The overall building score is obtained by weighting the scores of the single-season, single-orientation index. The shading performance level is divided based on the comprehensive score, and the shading effect performance evaluation result is obtained.

[0007] Furthermore, the basic evaluation information includes at least: the climate zone of the target building, the orientation of the windows, and the shading form of the window-wall combination to be evaluated; the shading form of the window-wall combination includes external window shading, wall-attached shading, and ecological shading.

[0008] Furthermore, based on the climate zone of the target building, the indicator limits, the basic weight of the climate zone, and the seasonal correction coefficient are determined. At the same time, the orientation correction coefficient is determined based on the window orientation. The three factors of climate zone basic weight, orientation correction coefficient, and seasonal correction coefficient are multiplied together to construct a three-dimensional dynamic correction system of climate zone-orientation-season.

[0009] Furthermore, the acquisition of shading energy parameters specifically includes: conducting theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and field measurements according to the four window orientations (east, south, west, and north) for both summer and winter operating conditions, in order to obtain the external shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient, inner wall surface temperature, energy consumption parameters, and light environment parameters under each operating condition.

[0010] Furthermore, the shading performance parameters are compared with the index limits to calculate the individual score. The individual score is then multiplied by the three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficient to obtain the corrected individual score. Finally, the scores are weighted and summed according to the weights of the four primary indicators to obtain the single-season, single-direction index score.

[0011] Furthermore, the summer and winter scores for the same orientation are weighted and summed according to preset seasonal weights to obtain the annual comprehensive score for a single orientation. Then, the annual comprehensive scores for each orientation are weighted and summed according to the proportion of window area for each orientation to obtain the overall comprehensive score of the building.

[0012] Furthermore, the overall building score is compared with the preset level threshold, and a mandatory compliance check is performed to output the shading performance level as the evaluation result.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a performance evaluation system for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination, comprising: Data acquisition module: used to collect basic evaluation information of the target building; The comprehensive evaluation calculation module is used to construct a three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on basic evaluation information, including climate zone, orientation, and season, to determine the index limits and correction coefficients; to obtain shading performance parameters by season and orientation according to the three-dimensional dynamic correction system; and to perform quantitative scoring based on the index limits, correction coefficients, and shading performance parameters to obtain the single-season, single-orientation index score. Weighted calculation module: used to perform weighted calculation on the scores of the single-season and single-orientation index to obtain the overall comprehensive score of the building; Grade Output Module: Used to classify shading performance grades based on comprehensive scores and obtain shading effect performance evaluation results.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention collects basic evaluation information of the target building, constructs a three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on climate zone, orientation, and season to determine index limits and correction coefficients, and obtains shading performance parameters by season and orientation based on this system for quantitative scoring, obtaining single-season, single-orientation index scores. These scores are then weighted to obtain the overall comprehensive score of the building, ultimately classifying shading performance levels. This method achieves the following: First, by using a three-dimensional dynamic correction system to link and couple climate zone differences, orientation radiation characteristics, and seasonal changes, it solves the problem of traditional evaluations being singular in dimension and detached from actual working conditions. Second, by obtaining and scoring parameters by season and orientation, it can distinguish between the different needs of summer shading and winter heat gain, achieving precise quantification. Third, by weighting and integrating the area proportions of each orientation, it comprehensively reflects the overall window-wall combination shading effect of the building, resulting in objective and reproducible evaluation results. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0020] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0021] In this embodiment of the invention, the data collection and processing strictly adhere to the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, obtaining informed consent or separate consent from the data subject, and conducting subsequent data use and processing within the scope of laws, regulations, and the data subject's authorization. All data acquisition in this embodiment is based on compliance with laws and regulations and user consent, representing the lawful application of the data.

[0022] Example 1 Compared to existing technologies that only test the performance of the shading components themselves, fail to consider climate zone and orientation differences, and cannot distinguish the conflicting needs of summer shading and winter heat gain, this invention addresses these shortcomings in practical applications by: For example, in a residential building in a hot-summer, cold-winter region, traditional methods might only test the external shading coefficient of the external roller blind and provide a single score. This invention, however, first collects basic information such as the building's climate zone, south-facing windows, and the type of movable external shading; then, it constructs a three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on climate zone, orientation, and season, setting a summer SHGC limit of 0.4 and a winter limit without a lower limit for the south-facing window, assigning a summer correction coefficient of 1.2 and a winter correction coefficient of 0.8, while determining basic weights for thermal performance (40%), light environment (25%), energy saving (25%), and durability (10%); finally, it simulates and measures two operating conditions: summer roller blind closed and winter roller blind retracted, obtaining the summer SHGC... Performance parameters such as 0.372 in summer and 0.495 in winter are used. These parameters are then compared with the limits and multiplied by a three-dimensional correction coefficient to obtain a single-season, single-orientation score of 120 points for south-facing buildings and 80 points for winter-facing buildings. Finally, the scores are weighted at 60% for summer and 40% for winter to obtain a comprehensive annual score of 104 points for south-facing buildings. The overall comprehensive score of the building is then calculated by combining the scores for east, west, and north-facing buildings and the area proportion of each orientation. This method quantifies the interconnected effects of climate, orientation, and season into specific correction coefficients and weights, thereby accurately distinguishing the dual needs of summer shading and heat insulation (high score when roller blinds are closed) and winter lighting and heat gain (score decreases when roller blinds are retracted but still contributes). The evaluation results are highly consistent with actual working conditions, solving the technical problems of large deviations in traditional evaluations and the inability to take into account conflicting seasonal needs.

[0023] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, a method for evaluating the shading effect of a building window-wall combination includes the following steps: S1: Collect basic evaluation information of the target building; S2: Construct a three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on basic evaluation information for climate zone-orientation-season to determine index limits and correction coefficients; obtain shading performance parameters by season and orientation according to the three-dimensional dynamic correction system; perform quantitative scoring based on the index limits, correction coefficients and shading performance parameters to obtain the single-season single-orientation index score. S3: Weight the scores of the single-season, single-orientation index to obtain the overall comprehensive score of the building; S4: Based on the comprehensive score, the shading performance level is divided to obtain the shading effect performance evaluation result.

[0024] The following describes in detail the performance evaluation method for the shading effect of the above-mentioned building window-wall combination with specific implementation methods.

[0025] In step S1, basic evaluation information of the target building is collected. The target building is a residential or public building that needs to be evaluated for the performance of the window-wall combination shading effect. The basic evaluation information is collected by reviewing architectural design drawings, conducting on-site surveys, and consulting the "Building Climate Zoning Standard" specification documents. It includes at least the climate zone to which the target building belongs, the building type, the orientation of the windows, the seasonal solar altitude angle, the window-wall combination shading form to be evaluated, and the thermal parameters of the building envelope.

[0026] The data types in the basic evaluation information specifically include: the climate zone to which the target building belongs is divided into severe cold, cold, hot summer and cold winter, hot summer and warm winter, or temperate regions according to the "Building Climate Zoning Standard"; the building type is divided into residential buildings or public buildings; the window orientation is determined according to the rule that south-facing is defined as ≤15° south of east or west, and east-facing or west-facing is defined as >15°, and the window area of ​​the four orientations of east, south, west, and north and their respective weights in the total window area are further calculated; the seasonal solar altitude angle is taken as the solar altitude angle at noon on the summer solstice as the representative value of summer conditions and the solar altitude angle at noon on the winter solstice as the representative value of winter conditions; the thermal parameters of the building envelope include the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior walls and roof, the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior windows, and the solar heat gain coefficient of the exterior windows themselves.

[0027] The data collection process is as follows: The dimensions and area ratio of windows facing each direction are obtained by reviewing the design drawings of the target building; the shading structure, actual window dimensions, and orientation deviation angles (whether the deviation from south to east / west exceeds 15°) are verified through on-site surveys; the climate zone and corresponding standard solar altitude angle of the target building are determined by consulting relevant standards such as the "Standard for Building Climate Zoning" GB 50178 and the "Code for Thermal Design of Civil Buildings" GB 50176; and the thermal parameters of the building envelope (heat transfer coefficient and solar heat gain coefficient) are obtained by consulting product manuals and drawing annotations for building materials.

[0028] For example, taking a residential building in a hot-summer, cold-winter region as an example, by consulting the architectural design drawings, we can obtain the following information: the dimensions of the south-facing window are 1.8m (width) × 1.5m (height), the south-facing window area accounts for 45% of the total window area, and the thermal parameters of the building envelope are as follows (the exterior windows are 6mm medium-transmittance Low-E+12A+6mm double-glazed glass, and the building's own solar heat gain coefficient SHGC). e (0.55); On-site survey confirmed that the actual orientation of the window is 5° south of east, and according to the rule of ≤15° being counted as south, it is determined to be due south; by consulting the "Building Climate Zoning Standard", it was determined that the building is located in a hot summer and cold winter region, and the solar altitude angle at noon on the summer solstice is 77° and the solar altitude angle at noon on the winter solstice is 31° according to the standard; by consulting the shading product specification, it was confirmed that the shading type to be evaluated is an active external roller blind shading; thus, all basic evaluation information was collected.

[0029] As one implementation method, window-wall combination shading forms include external window shading, wall-attached shading, and ecological shading; among which, external window shading includes movable external shading, central louvers, internal shading, and glass self-shading; wall-attached shading includes fixed horizontal shading, vertical shading, baffle shading, grille shading, and building eaves / balcony self-shading; ecological shading includes vertical greening shading, etc.

[0030] In step S2, a three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on climate zone, orientation, and season is constructed based on basic evaluation information to determine index limits and correction coefficients. Specific steps include: First, based on the climate zone of the target building in the collected basic evaluation information, the scoring limits for four primary indicators—thermal performance, light environment, energy efficiency, and durability and applicability—of the corresponding climate zone are retrieved from standards such as the "General Specification for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization" as index limits. Then, a basic weight for the climate zone is set, and an orientation correction coefficient is determined according to the window orientation rules: west 1.5, east 1.2, south 1.0, and north 0.8. Next, a seasonal correction coefficient is determined according to the climate zone rules: 0.5 in summer and 1.5 in winter for severely cold regions; 0.8 in summer and 1.2 in winter for cold regions; 1.2 in summer and 0.8 in winter for hot summer and cold winter regions; and 1.5 in summer and 0.5 in winter for hot summer and warm winter regions. This constructs a three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficient composed of the product of the climate zone basic weight, the orientation correction coefficient, and the seasonal correction coefficient, forming a complete three-dimensional dynamic correction system.

[0031] The limits for the indicators are determined based on the following criteria: thermal performance indicators are based on the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) limits for exterior windows in each climate zone as specified in GB55015-2021 "General Specification for Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings"; light environment indicators are based on the unified glare index (UGR) limits as specified in GB50033-2013 "Standard for Daylighting Design of Buildings"; energy efficiency indicators are based on the shading energy saving rate requirements as specified in JGJ237-2011 "Technical Specification for Shading Engineering of Buildings"; and durability and applicability indicators are determined based on product standards and industry practices.

[0032] As one implementation method, the climate zone basic weights are the basic percentages set for four primary indicators—thermal performance, light environment performance, energy efficiency, and durability and applicability—based on the core needs of different climate zones, with a total weight of 100%. Specifically: Severe cold regions: thermal performance 40%, light environment performance 15%, energy efficiency 35%, durability and applicability 10%; Cold regions: thermal performance 35%, light environment performance 20%, energy efficiency 30%, durability and applicability 15%; Hot summer and cold winter regions: thermal performance 40%, light environment performance 25%, energy efficiency 25%, durability and applicability 10%; Hot summer and warm winter regions: thermal performance 45%, light environment performance 20%, energy efficiency 25%, durability and applicability 10%. The weighting ratios are referenced from the General Code for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization and the Code for Thermal Design of Civil Buildings.

[0033] The basis for determining the basic weights of climate zones is based on the differences in the core needs of each climate zone. In frigid regions, long winters and high heating demand result in the highest weight for thermal performance (40%), with insulation and energy saving as the core focus. In cold regions, heating and air conditioning needs coexist, with thermal performance weighting at 35%, while also considering light environment and energy saving. In hot-summer, cold-winter regions, both air conditioning and heating demands are significant, with thermal performance weighting at 40%, and a relatively high demand for light environment (25%). In hot-summer, warm-winter regions, high temperatures throughout the year and air conditioning as the primary mode of cooling are emphasized, with thermal performance and energy saving benefits weighted equally (30% each), and light environment weighting highest (25%), with shading and heat insulation as the core objective.

[0034] The orientation correction factor is determined based on the differences in solar radiation intensity across different orientations. West-facing areas experience the strongest afternoon solar radiation and have the highest risk of indoor overheating, hence the highest correction factor (1.5). East-facing areas also have strong morning solar radiation, resulting in a lower correction factor (1.2). South-facing areas have a higher solar altitude angle, allowing for effective shading through horizontal shading, resulting in a moderate correction factor (1.0). North-facing areas have the weakest solar radiation, leading to the lowest correction factor (0.8). These values ​​are determined with reference to the solar radiation illuminance data for each orientation in GB50176-2016 "Code for Thermal Design of Civil Buildings" and the calculation method for the external shading coefficient in JGJ237-2011 "Technical Specification for Building Shading Engineering".

[0035] The seasonal correction coefficient is determined based on the differences in solar altitude angle and sunshine duration in each season. In summer, the solar altitude angle is high, the sunshine duration is long, and the demand for air conditioning is high, so the shading effect has a significant impact on annual energy consumption; therefore, the correction coefficient is relatively high (1.2). In winter, the solar altitude angle is low, the sunshine duration is short, and the demand is mainly for heating; shading measures may affect southward heat gain, so the correction coefficient is relatively low (0.8). The above values ​​are determined with reference to the summer and winter air conditioning / heating duration ratio and solar altitude angle data for each climate zone in the "China Building Thermal Zoning".

[0036] Specifically, the formula for calculating the three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficient is as follows:

[0037] In the formula: For three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficients; As the basic weight for climate zones; Orientation correction factor; This is a seasonal adjustment factor.

[0038] Based on the three-dimensional dynamic correction system, the system operates under two seasonal conditions: summer and winter. The shading performance parameters under each condition are obtained through theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and field measurements for the four directions: east, south, west, and north. The shading performance parameters include at least the external shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient, inner surface temperature of the wall, light environment parameters, and energy consumption parameters.

[0039] As one implementation method, based on the three-dimensional dynamic correction system, the system first divides the work into two seasonal conditions: summer and winter, and performs parameter acquisition operations according to the four window orientations: east, south, west, and north. For each combination of season and orientation, the solar heat gain coefficient and external shading coefficient are calculated theoretically. The hourly temperature of the inner surface of the wall is obtained through numerical simulation using the transient thermal radiation coupling model of the multiphysics simulation software (COMSOL Multiphysics, COMSOL), and the air conditioning energy consumption parameters (cooling energy consumption and heating energy consumption) are calculated using energy consumption software such as the building energy consumption simulation engine (EnergyPlus). The light environment parameters such as glare index are collected through on-site measurements. The working condition settings of the numerical simulation need to be completely matched with the collected shading forms. The active shading simulates the open working condition in summer and the closed working condition in winter, while the fixed shading simulates the fixed working condition throughout the year. Finally, the external shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient, inner surface temperature of the wall, light environment parameters, and energy consumption parameters under each working condition are summarized as shading performance parameters.

[0040] As one implementation method, the specific method for collecting light environment parameters such as glare index on-site is as follows: The testing instruments used are an illuminance meter (accuracy ±3%) and a glare meter (compliant with GB / T 50034 requirements); the testing time is selected on representative summer days (around the summer solstice) and representative winter days (around the winter solstice), and the tests are conducted at three time periods: 10:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 2:00 PM; three testing points are arranged indoors at a height of 2m from the window and 1.2m from the ground (the position directly opposite the center of the window and 1m to the left and right), and the average value is taken as the measured value for that orientation; outdoor meteorological conditions (solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature, wind speed, etc.) must be recorded during the test to ensure the comparability of the test data.

[0041] Specifically, the formula for calculating the solar heat gain coefficient is:

[0042] In the formula: The combined solar heat gain coefficient of the wall and windows; The solar heat gain coefficient of the exterior window itself. ; This refers to the building's external shading coefficient, including correction values ​​for fixed shading and movable shading (the correction value for fixed shading ranges from 0.5 to 1.0, and the correction value for movable shading ranges from 0.3 to 0.8; the specific values ​​should be taken according to the calculation method for external shading coefficient in JGJ237-2011).

[0043] Formula for calculating external shading coefficient: External shading coefficient In the formula, This is the characteristic value of external shading. , Time to take ; Determine the dimensions of the external sunshade structure; The fitting coefficients were selected according to JGJ237-2011.

[0044] In obtaining shading performance parameters, it is necessary to conduct numerical simulations for both summer and winter seasons, and for each of the four directions: east, south, west, and north. During the simulations, the opening / closing states of different shading methods must be correctly set; otherwise, the simulation results will not reflect the actual shading effect.

[0045] Specifically, the numerical simulation employs precise simulation based on different operating conditions: the operating condition settings perfectly match the shading types collected by S1; movable shading (outer roller blinds, adjustable louvers, center-mounted louvers) simulates open shading conditions in summer and retracted lighting conditions in winter; fixed shading (horizontal / vertical / baffle shading, grilles) simulates fixed shading conditions year-round without retraction; glass self-shading and ecological shading simulate passive shading conditions year-round; and it is adapted according to climate zones: in severely cold / cold regions, south-facing movable shading is retracted in winter and opened in summer; in hot-summer-cold-winter regions, east-west oriented movable shading is opened in summer and retracted in winter; in hot-summer-warm-winter regions, all shading remains in place year-round. The numerical simulation uses a coupled simulation system: the COMSOL transient thermal radiation coupled model is used to simulate the hourly temperature of the inner surface of the wall and the solar radiation heat gain intensity; EnergyPlus building energy consumption simulation software is used to calculate the energy consumption for air conditioning and heating; and the simulation operating conditions are precisely set according to the shading type and climate zone.

[0046] The shading methods can be categorized as follows: Movable shading, such as outward-rolling blinds, adjustable louvers, and centrally placed louvers, opens in summer and closes in winter; Fixed shading, such as horizontal / vertical / baffle shading and grilles, is fixed year-round, with no closing action, and does not block south-facing heat gain in winter; Self-shading glass, such as Low-E / photochromic glass, is passively controlled year-round, with no opening / closing action; Ecological shading, such as vertical greening, is effective year-round and has no closing action.

[0047] According to climate zones: Severe / cold regions: South-facing movable shading is put away in winter to gain heat and opened in summer; East-west facing fixed shading is effective all year round; In hot-summer and cold-winter regions: East-west oriented movable sunshades are opened in summer and closed in winter; south-oriented movable sunshades are adjusted as needed. In hot-summer and warm-winter regions: provide shade year-round; do not retract the shade during activities.

[0048] By inputting data from theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and on-site measurements, it can be used throughout the entire process of building design selection, construction process acceptance, and operational performance optimization, balancing accuracy and convenience, and has extremely strong engineering applicability.

[0049] The measured or calculated shading performance parameters (such as external shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient, internal wall surface temperature, energy consumption parameters, and light environment parameters) are compared with the corresponding index limits for that orientation and season. If the actual value is better than or equal to the limit, the individual item score is 100 points; if it is worse than the limit, points are deducted proportionally (e.g., if the limit is 0.4 and the actual value is 0.45, the score is 0.4 / 0.45×100≈89 points). Then, the individual item score is multiplied by a three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficient composed of the climate zone basic weight, orientation correction coefficient, and seasonal correction coefficient to obtain the corrected individual item score. Finally, the corrected individual item scores are weighted and summarized according to the preset weights of the four primary indicators of thermal performance, light environment performance, energy saving benefits, and durability applicability (e.g., thermal performance 40%, light environment 25%, energy saving 25%, and durability 10% for hot summer and cold winter regions) to obtain the single-season single-orientation index score for that season and orientation.

[0050] Specifically, the formula for calculating the score of the single-season, single-direction indicator is as follows:

[0051] In the formula: For the i-th orientation, the i-th The indicator scores for each season; The directions are numbered: 1 = East, 2 = South, 3 = West, 4 = North; The seasons are numbered: 1 for summer, 2 for winter; Individual score for an indicator = Standard limit ÷ Actual measured or calculated value × 100.

[0052] Scoring rules: Actual value ≤ standard limit (meets the standard): score = 100 points; Actual value > standard limit (does not meet the standard): deduct points proportionally, such as SHGC limit 0.3, actual value 0.36, score = 83 points.

[0053] After calculating the individual scores of all indicators, multiply them by the final correction factor to obtain the single-season, single-direction indicator score.

[0054] The scores of the single-season, single-orientation index are weighted and calculated to obtain the overall building score: the summer and winter scores of the same orientation are weighted and summed according to the preset seasonal weights to obtain the annual comprehensive score of the single orientation, and then the annual comprehensive scores of each orientation are weighted and summed according to the window area ratio of each orientation to obtain the overall building score.

[0055] Preset seasonal weighting adaptation rules match the shading forms collected by S1: fixed shading needs to review the impact of winter operating conditions on southward heat gain and adjust the boundary conditions of seasonal weights accordingly; active shading is matched with preset seasonal weights based on the operating conditions of being opened in summer and closed in winter; fixed shading / ecological shading that is not closed all year round requires additional calculation of winter heat gain loss correction in severe / cold regions.

[0056] Seasonal weighting: refers to the contribution of summer and winter conditions to the building's overall shading / heat gain effect throughout the year. The sum of the two is 100%, which is the core parameter for quantifying summer shading and winter heat gain.

[0057] The "Code for Thermal Design of Civil Buildings" GB 50176—2016 sets the summer air-conditioning duration and winter heating duration according to the climate zone: to avoid excessive emphasis on shading in cold regions and sacrifice the precious solar heat gain in winter.

[0058] In frigid regions: 7 months of heating, 1 month of air conditioning → 25% in summer / 75% in winter; Cold regions: Heating for 4 months, air conditioning for 2 months → 40% in summer / 60% in winter; Hot-summer, cold-winter regions: 3 months of air conditioning, 2 months of heating → 60% in summer / 40% in winter; Hot summer and warm winter areas: 5 months of air conditioning, no heating → 80% in summer / 20% in winter.

[0059] Seasonal weights are pre-set according to climate zones: 25% in summer and 75% in winter for frigid regions, 40% in summer and 60% in winter for cold regions, 60% in summer and 40% in winter for hot summer and cold winter regions, and 80% in summer and 20% in winter for hot summer and warm winter regions.

[0060] The annual comprehensive score for a single orientation is obtained by weighting and summing the summer and winter scores for the same orientation according to preset seasonal weights. This annual comprehensive score considers the overall performance of a specific orientation (e.g., south-facing) under different shading requirements in summer and winter. The specific calculation method is as follows: First, multiply the summer single-season index score of that orientation by the summer weight (this weight is set according to the climate zone, e.g., 60% for summer in hot-summer, cold-winter regions), then add the winter single-season index score of that orientation multiplied by the winter weight (e.g., 40% for winter in hot-summer, cold-winter regions), thus obtaining the annual comprehensive score for that orientation. For example, if a building in a hot-summer, cold-winter region has a summer score of 120 and a winter score of 80 for south-facing orientation, then its annual comprehensive score for south-facing orientation is 120 × 60% + 80 × 40% = 104 points. This calculation quantifies the annual performance of the same orientation under the dual requirements of "summer shading and heat insulation" and "winter lighting and heat gain."

[0061] As one implementation method, the steps are as follows: Formula for calculating the overall score for the whole year in a single direction:

[0062] In the formula: For the first Each direction represents the overall score for the whole year; Weighted for summer; Winter weighting; among which, .

[0063] The overall building score is calculated by weighting and summing the annual scores for each orientation (east, south, west, and north) according to the proportion of window area for each orientation to the total window area of ​​the building. This reflects the overall sun-shading effect of the entire building. The specific formula for calculating the overall building score is as follows: ; in, The overall score for the building; The scores are the annual comprehensive scores for each of the four directions: east, south, west, and north. These represent the percentage weight of the window area for each orientation relative to the total window area (expressed as a percentage, e.g., if the south-facing window area accounts for 45%, then α1 = 45%). .

[0064] As one implementation method, for example, if a building has 45% south-facing windows (score 104 points), 20% east-facing windows (score 90 points), 25% west-facing windows (score 110 points), and 10% north-facing windows (score 85 points), then its overall building score is 104×45%+90×20%+110×25%+85×10%=100.8 points. This calculation solves the problem of traditional evaluation methods focusing only on the performance of individual components while ignoring the differences in the overall orientation and area distribution of the building, and is more in line with the actual needs of engineering evaluation.

[0065] The calculated overall building score is compared with pre-set shading performance level thresholds. For example, ≥90 points is Level I (Excellent), 75-89 points is Level II (Good), 60-74 points is Level III (Pass), and <60 points is Pass, thus initially determining the shading performance level. Then, a mandatory compliance verification rule is executed: if the score for west-facing summers is below 60 points, or the score for south-facing winters in severely cold or cold regions is below 60 points, then regardless of the overall building score, the entire building is judged as Pass. No mandatory winter score requirement is imposed for hot-summer-warm-winter regions. After all mandatory compliance verifications are passed, the initially determined level is output as the final shading performance evaluation result. This step solves the problem of traditional evaluation methods neglecting extreme conditions of key orientations such as west-facing summer sun exposure and insufficient heat gain for south-facing winters in severely cold regions, ensuring that the evaluation results reflect both the overall shading level of the building and enforce minimum performance requirements for the core orientation.

[0066] The pre-set threshold for shading performance level is determined based on the following: the classification method for building energy efficiency levels in GB / T 51161-2016 "Energy Consumption Standard for Civil Buildings" and the energy performance grading standard in JGJ / T 132-2009 "Energy Conservation Testing Standard for Residential Buildings," combined with the actual needs of shading project evaluation, classifying shading performance levels into four levels. Level I (≥90 points) indicates excellent shading effect, with all indicators exceeding the standard requirements; Level II (75-89 points) indicates good shading effect, basically meeting the standard requirements; Level III (60-74 points) indicates qualified shading effect, meeting the minimum standard requirements; and unqualified (<60 points) indicates that the shading effect does not meet the standard requirements and rectification is required.

[0067] The evaluation indicators in this invention include four primary indicators: thermal performance, light environment performance, energy-saving benefits, and durability and applicability; and twelve secondary indicators: external shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient, peak temperature of inner wall surface, glare index, air conditioning energy consumption reduction rate, and annual carbon emission reduction. (Thermal performance is further divided into: external shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient, and peak temperature of inner wall surface; light environment performance is further divided into: glare index, daylight factor, and indoor illuminance uniformity; energy-saving benefits are further divided into: air conditioning energy consumption reduction rate, heating energy consumption reduction rate, and annual carbon emission reduction; durability and applicability are further divided into: product lifespan and annual maintenance cost ratio).

[0068] Lighting environment performance index, glare index (UGR): scored according to the "Building Lighting Design Standard".

[0069] Energy efficiency indicators, air conditioning energy consumption reduction rate:

[0070] in, To reduce air conditioning energy consumption rate; For energy consumption without shading, EnergyPlus calculates energy consumption for shading.

[0071] Durability and serviceability indicators: Durability: scored according to the product's standard lifespan; Maintenance cost: scored according to the percentage of annual maintenance expenses.

[0072] Annual carbon emission reduction:

[0073] in, This refers to the annual carbon emission reduction. To save electricity during the year, This is a carbon emission factor for the power grid.

[0074] Heating energy consumption reduction rate: Formula for calculating the heating energy consumption reduction rate:

[0075] in, To reduce heating energy consumption, The energy consumption for building heating under unshaded conditions (kW·h / ㎡). The energy consumption for building heating (kW·h / ㎡) under shading conditions is calculated using EnergyPlus building energy consumption simulation software. This calculation method is the corresponding application of air conditioning energy consumption reduction rate under heating conditions; the formula structure is the same, only the cooling energy consumption is replaced with the heating energy consumption.

[0076] Annual carbon emission reduction, air conditioning energy consumption reduction rate, and heating energy consumption reduction rate are energy-saving benefit evaluation indicators for the combined window and wall shading effect. These indicators quantify the actual benefits of shading measures in reducing building air conditioning and heating energy consumption and carbon emissions, and are integral parts of the performance evaluation system of this invention. The above indicators are obtained using common accounting methods in the construction field and are incorporated into the quantitative scoring model of this invention to ultimately achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the technical performance and engineering benefits of the shading effect.

[0077] This invention constructs a three-dimensional correction system based on climate zone, orientation, and season. Through a three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficient formula, it links and couples climate differences, orientation radiation characteristics, and seasonal solar altitude angle, specifying thermal performance limits for each orientation and season. This addresses the problems of traditional evaluation methods being single-dimensional and detached from actual working conditions, resulting in compliant and accurate evaluation results. It adopts the national standard SHGC calculation formula and simplified external shading coefficient formula, combined with a weighted scoring formula. All calculation processes are quantified, leaving no room for subjective adjustments, thus overcoming the technical shortcomings of traditional evaluation methods, such as arbitrary calculations and unreproducible results. This system is applicable to unified evaluation of different projects and different shading methods. By calculating the annual score for a single orientation using a seasonal formula, it distinguishes between different working conditions: summer shading with on and winter shading with off. This accurately quantifies the dual needs of summer shading and heat insulation, and winter light and heat gain, adapting to performance evaluations of all forms of shading, including fixed and movable shading, thus improving the versatility of the evaluation method. By quantifying the key scores for west-facing and south-facing orientations using formulas, combined with mandatory compliance rules, it addresses the shortcomings of west-facing orientations experiencing afternoon sun exposure in summer and south-facing orientations in severely cold / cold regions experiencing insufficient heat gain in winter. This avoids the problem of traditional evaluations ignoring key orientations, and the evaluation results directly guide the selection and optimization of engineering shading methods. The overall building score is calculated by combining four major indicators: thermal performance, light environment, energy saving, and durability. It is weighted by orientation and area weight to comprehensively reflect the overall shading effect of the building, rather than the performance of a single component, which is more in line with the actual engineering evaluation needs.

[0078] This embodiment focuses on residential buildings in hot-summer-cold-winter regions, and south-facing movable external sunshade windows as the evaluation objects. Step 1: Collect basic evaluation information.

[0079] Climate zone of the target building: hot summer and cold winter; Building type: residential building; Window orientation: due south (5° east of south, conforming to the rule of south orientation for ≤15°); Seasonal solar altitude angle: 77° at noon on the summer solstice and 31° at noon on the winter solstice; Shading method to be evaluated: external window shading - movable external roller blind shading (aluminum alloy material, external shading coefficient of 0.3 when the blades are closed); Thermal parameters of the building envelope: external windows are 6mm medium-transmittance Low-E+12A+6mm transparent double glazing, with its own SHGC... e =0.55, window frame coefficient 0.9; window size 1.8m wide × 1.5m high, external shading projection length 0.6m, shading characteristic value x=0.4; window area percentage by orientation: south-facing windows account for 45% of the total window area (A South=0.45), east-facing windows 20% (A East=0.2), west-facing windows 25% (A West=0.25), and north-facing windows 10% (A North=0.1).

[0080] Step 2: Construct a three-dimensional dynamic correction system for climate zone, orientation, and season.

[0081] Indicator limits: According to the "General Code for Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings" GB55015, the SHGC limit for exterior windows of residential buildings in hot-summer and cold-winter regions is 0.4 in summer and there is no mandatory lower limit in winter; the UGR limit for glare index is 19; the limit for air conditioning energy consumption reduction rate is ≥30%; the basic weight of climate zone (hot-summer and cold-winter regions): thermal performance 40%, light environment performance 25%, energy saving benefit 25%, durability and applicability 10%; orientation correction factor: K for south-facing o =1.0; Seasonal correction factor (hot summer and cold winter regions): Summer K s =1.2, winter K s =0.8.

[0082] Calculation of final correction coefficient for 3D dynamics: Summer final correction factor: ; Winter final correction factor: .

[0083] Step 3: Conduct theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and field measurements based on seasonal operating conditions. Using the shading patterns of the movable external roller blinds collected by S1, match the corresponding operating conditions: simulate the roller blind shading condition when closed in summer, and simulate the roller blind lighting condition when retracted in winter. Specific parameters are obtained as follows: Theoretical calculation of external shading coefficient: According to JGJ237, the fitting coefficients for south-facing horizontal shading are a = -0.8, b = -0.3, and the external shading coefficient SD = 0.8×0.42+( 0.3)×0.4+1=0.752, which is the building's external shading coefficient SC. s =0.752; Summer SHGC calculation: Summer (Roller shutter closed); Winter SHGC calculation: (Roller blinds retracted, no sunshade correction).

[0084] Numerical simulations were conducted using COMSOL: the peak temperature of the inner wall surface in summer was 34.2℃, and the minimum temperature in winter was 16.8℃. EnergyPlus simulations were used: the summer air conditioning energy consumption under unshaded conditions was 12.8kW. h / ㎡, with shading, summer air conditioning energy consumption is 8.2kW. h / ㎡; Winter heating energy consumption under no-shading conditions: 9.6kW With shading, the winter heating energy consumption is 9.8kW per square meter. h / ㎡.

[0085] The on-site measured glare index (UGR) was 16.2 in summer and 14.5 in winter. The movable external roller blind has a design life of 15 years, and the annual maintenance cost accounts for 2% of the initial cost, which meets the durability requirements.

[0086] Step 4: The single-season single-orientation index score is calculated based on the index limit and correction coefficient of S2, combined with the scoring rules of external shading for activities.

[0087] Scoring rules: 100 points for actual value ≤ standard limit, points deducted proportionally for exceeding the limit, individual scores multiplied by the final correction coefficient, and weighted summation according to the weight of primary indicators.

[0088] The summer southward index score is calculated as shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Summer Southward Movement Index Score Table

[0089] The winter southward index score is calculated as shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 Winter Southward Movement Index Score Table

[0090] Step 5: Calculate the annual score for a single orientation and the overall comprehensive score for the building.

[0091] Seasonal weighting (hot summer and cold winter regions): Summer ,winter ; Southbound Annual Overall Score Calculation:

[0092] Overall building score calculation (other orientations are calculated using the same method): other orientation scores: East = 90 points, West = 110 points, North = 85 points.

[0093]

[0094] Step 6: Mandatory compliance verification and performance level classification.

[0095] Mandatory compliance verification: Westward summer score ≥ 60 out of 110 points, meets the requirements; there is no mandatory requirement for southward winter score in hot summer and cold winter regions, all verifications passed. Performance rating classification: Classified by comprehensive score, ≥90 points is Grade I (Excellent), 75-89 points is Grade II (Good), 60-74 points is Grade III (Pass), and <60 points is Pass. Final evaluation result: The overall shading effect of the building in this embodiment scored 100.8 points, passed the mandatory compliance test, and the shading performance level was Grade I (excellent).

[0096] Example 2 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a performance evaluation system for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination is provided, comprising: Data acquisition module: used to collect basic evaluation information of the target building; The comprehensive evaluation calculation module is used to construct a three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on basic evaluation information, including climate zone, orientation, and season, to determine the index limits and correction coefficients; to obtain shading performance parameters by season and orientation according to the three-dimensional dynamic correction system; and to perform quantitative scoring based on the index limits, correction coefficients, and shading performance parameters to obtain the single-season, single-orientation index score. Weighted calculation module: used to perform weighted calculation on the scores of the single-season and single-orientation index to obtain the overall comprehensive score of the building; Grade Output Module: Used to classify shading performance levels based on comprehensive scores and obtain shading effect performance evaluation results.

[0097] Example 3 The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method of Embodiment 1.

[0098] Example 4 The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method of Embodiment 1.

[0099] The steps and methods involved in Embodiments 3 and 4 above correspond to those in Embodiment 1. For specific implementation details, please refer to the relevant description section of Embodiment 1. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should be understood as a single medium or multiple media including one or more instruction sets; it should also be understood as including any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying an instruction set for execution by a processor and enabling the processor to perform any of the methods in this invention.

[0100] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented using general-purpose computer devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, thereby allowing them to be stored in a storage device for execution by a computer device, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. The present invention is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0101] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0102] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the performance of shading effect of a building window-wall combination, characterized in that, include: Collect basic evaluation information of the target building; Based on basic evaluation information, a three-dimensional dynamic correction system of climate zone-orientation-season is constructed to determine the index limits and correction coefficients; Shading performance parameters are obtained by season and orientation based on a three-dimensional dynamic correction system; Based on the aforementioned index limits, correction coefficients, and shading performance parameters, a quantitative score is obtained for the single-season, single-orientation index. The basic evaluation information includes at least the following: the climate zone to which the target building belongs, the orientation of the windows, and the shading form of the window-wall combination to be evaluated; based on the collected data of the climate zone to which the target building belongs, the indicator limit, the basic weight of the climate zone and the seasonal correction coefficient are determined, and the orientation correction coefficient is determined based on the orientation of the windows. The three-dimensional dynamic correction system of climate zone-orientation-season is constructed by multiplying the basic weight of the climate zone, the orientation correction coefficient and the seasonal correction coefficient. Formula for calculating three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficient: In the formula: For three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficients; As the basic weight for climate zones; Orientation correction factor; This is a seasonal correction factor; The overall building score is obtained by weighting the scores of the single-season, single-orientation index. The shading performance level is divided based on the comprehensive score, and the shading effect performance evaluation result is obtained.

2. The performance evaluation method for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The window-wall combination shading forms include external window shading, wall-attached shading, and ecological shading.

3. The performance evaluation method for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of shading performance parameters specifically includes: conducting theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and field measurements for the four window orientations (east, south, west, and north) under two seasonal conditions, summer and winter, to obtain the external shading coefficient, solar heat gain coefficient, inner wall surface temperature, energy consumption parameters, and light environment parameters under each condition.

4. The performance evaluation method for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shading performance parameters are compared with the index limits to calculate the individual score; the individual score is multiplied by the three-dimensional dynamic correction coefficient to obtain the corrected individual score, and then weighted and summarized according to the weights of the four primary indicators to obtain the single-season single-direction index score.

5. The performance evaluation method for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The summer and winter scores for the same orientation are weighted and summed according to the preset seasonal weights to obtain the annual comprehensive score for a single orientation. Then, the annual comprehensive scores for each orientation are weighted and summed according to the proportion of window area for each orientation to obtain the overall comprehensive score of the building.

6. The performance evaluation method for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The overall building score is compared with the preset level threshold, and a mandatory compliance check is performed. The shading performance level is then output as the evaluation result.

7. A performance evaluation system for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination, using the performance evaluation method for the shading effect of a building window-wall combination as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: Data acquisition module: used to collect basic evaluation information of the target building; Comprehensive evaluation calculation module: used to construct a three-dimensional dynamic correction system based on basic evaluation information, including climate zone, orientation, and season, in order to determine the limit values ​​and correction coefficients of the indicators; Shading performance parameters are obtained by season and orientation based on a three-dimensional dynamic correction system; Based on the aforementioned index limits, correction coefficients, and shading performance parameters, a quantitative score is obtained for the single-season, single-orientation index. Weighted calculation module: used to perform weighted calculation on the scores of the single-season and single-orientation index to obtain the overall comprehensive score of the building; Grade Output Module: Used to classify shading performance levels based on comprehensive scores and obtain shading effect performance evaluation results.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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