A method and system for verifying a flow battery stack control algorithm

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of verification method and system of flow battery stack control algorithm, it is related to electrochemical energy storage technical field, including obtaining the target parameter of flow battery stack, the target parameter includes stack electrolyte temperature;Based on the target parameter, ohmic polarization model, active polarization model, concentration polarization model and temperature dynamic model are constructed;The open-circuit voltage of stack, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss and concentration polarization loss are calculated;The application is by step-by-step solving open-circuit voltage of stack, various polarization losses, stack terminal voltage and dynamically updating stack electrolyte temperature, using real operation data to calibrate the calibratable coefficient of all models and residual correction term, output standardized stack performance index, can form unified simulation evaluation benchmark to support the horizontal comparison of multiple control algorithms, can also split and analyze the influence of polarization, temperature on stack operating condition respectively, to improve the explainability of control algorithm verification stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, and in particular to a verification method and system for a flow battery stack control algorithm. Background Technology

[0002] Flow batteries are one of the mainstream technologies for large-scale electrochemical energy storage, widely used in scenarios such as grid peak shaving and renewable energy consumption. During operation, flow battery systems require a circulating pump to deliver electrolyte to maintain normal stack operation; adjusting the electrolyte flow rate can effectively reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary equipment. Performance verification of flow control strategies has become a crucial step in optimizing the operation of flow battery energy storage systems. Due to the complexity of field conditions and diverse boundary conditions, testing control algorithms through simulation platforms has become the mainstream choice in the industry.

[0003] Traditional flow battery simulation technology uses a black-box fitting method to plot voltage curves, or it integrates pump power consumption, control strategy and stack response, and calculates various stack test indicators together. It can only achieve the simulated output of basic operating conditions.

[0004] However, traditional flow battery simulation technology does not independently separate the stack test indicators such as stack terminal voltage, polarization loss, and stack loop efficiency. When the control algorithm faces the same test indicator and the same operating condition input, it is difficult to verify whether the control algorithm has damaged the stack performance for a certain independent and objective test indicator. This results in the lack of fair comparison conditions and insufficient interpretability of the algorithm during verification. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a verification method and system for flow battery stack control algorithms, which solves the technical problems of insufficient fair comparison conditions and inadequate interpretability of existing control algorithms during verification.

[0006] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a verification method for a flow battery stack control algorithm, comprising: Obtain target parameters for the flow battery stack, including the stack electrolyte temperature; Based on the target parameters, an ohmic polarization model, an active polarization model, a concentration polarization model, and a temperature dynamic model are constructed. The open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss of the fuel cell stack are calculated. The ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss are calculated using the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model, and the concentration polarization model, respectively. Based on the charge and discharge mode of the flow battery stack, the stack terminal voltage is calculated using the stack open-circuit voltage, the ohmic polarization loss, the active polarization loss, and the concentration polarization loss. The temperature of the stack electrolyte is updated based on the total polarization loss heat generation, flow heat transfer, environmental heat dissipation, and external heat input through the temperature dynamic model. Obtain real operating data of the flow battery stack, and use the real operating data to calibrate the calibrable coefficients and residual correction terms in the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model, the concentration polarization model and the temperature dynamic model, and output the stack performance indicators. The target flow battery stack control algorithm is verified based on the stack performance indicators.

[0007] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack is as follows: OCV_stack = OCV_cell × N cell Where OCV_stack is the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack, OCV_cell is the open-circuit voltage of a single cell, and N cell This represents the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series. The formula for calculating the ohmic polarization loss is as follows:

[0008] in, For Ohmic polarization loss, This is the absolute value of the fuel cell current. Effective internal resistance; The formula for calculating the active polarization loss is:

[0009] in, For active polarization loss, The active polarization coefficient is... This is a temperature correction factor. This is the reference current.

[0010] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the concentration polarization loss is as follows:

[0011] in, For concentration polarization loss, This refers to the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series. This is the concentration polarization coefficient. This is the absolute value of the fuel cell current. For reference current, The current nonlinearity index, Insufficient traffic penalty factor This is the end-of-charge factor. The reactant concentration factor, This is the temperature correction factor.

[0012] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the end-of-charge factor is as follows:

[0013] in, This is the end-of-charge factor. This is the amplification factor at the end of the period. The degree coefficient at the end of the period. This is the amplification index at the end of the period.

[0014] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the insufficient traffic penalty factor is as follows:

[0015] in, Insufficient traffic penalty factor For actual effective traffic, For safety reference traffic; The formula for calculating the safe reference flow rate is:

[0016] in, For theoretical reference flow rate, This is for the safety factor.

[0017] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the theoretical reference flow rate is as follows:

[0018] in, For theoretical reference flow rate, N cell This refers to the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series. Where is the absolute value of the stack current, n is the number of reactant electrons, F is the Faraday constant, and C is the effective reactant concentration. This represents the percentage change in the state of charge.

[0019] Furthermore, the stack terminal voltage in discharge mode is the difference between the stack open-circuit voltage and the total polarization loss; the stack terminal voltage in charging mode is the sum of the stack open-circuit voltage and the total polarization loss; and the stack terminal voltage in resting mode is the stack open-circuit voltage. The formula for calculating the total polarization loss is as follows:

[0020] in, For total polarization loss, This is the correction factor for fuel cell stack losses. For Ohmic polarization loss, For active polarization loss, For concentration polarization loss, This is a voltage compensation term.

[0021] Furthermore, the performance indicators of the fuel cell stack include at least one of the following: stack terminal voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, concentration polarization loss, total polarization loss, and stack electrolyte temperature.

[0022] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the total polarization loss heat generation is as follows:

[0023] in, Heat is generated due to total polarization loss. For total polarization loss, This is the absolute value of the fuel cell current; The formula for calculating heat transfer by flow rate is:

[0024] in, For heat exchange of flow, Where c is density and c is specific heat capacity. For actual effective traffic, This refers to the electrolyte temperature at the fuel cell stack inlet. This refers to the temperature of the electrolyte in the fuel cell stack.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention also provides a verification system for a flow battery stack control algorithm, comprising: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire target parameters of the flow battery stack, including the stack electrolyte temperature. A multi-model construction module is used to construct an ohmic polarization model, an active polarization model, a concentration polarization model, and a temperature dynamic model based on the target parameters. The polarization loss and open-circuit voltage calculation module is used to calculate the open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss and concentration polarization loss of the fuel cell. The ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss and concentration polarization loss are calculated by the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model and the concentration polarization model, respectively. The terminal voltage calculation module is used to calculate the stack terminal voltage based on the charge and discharge mode of the flow battery stack, and on the stack open-circuit voltage, the ohmic polarization loss, the active polarization loss and the concentration polarization loss. The temperature update module is used to update the temperature of the stack electrolyte based on the total polarization loss heat generation, flow heat transfer, environmental heat dissipation and external heat input, through the temperature dynamic model. The model calibration module is used to acquire real operating data of the flow battery stack, and to calibrate the calibrable coefficients and residual correction terms in the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model, the concentration polarization model and the temperature dynamic model using the real operating data, and output the stack performance indicators. The algorithm verification module is used to verify the target flow battery stack control algorithm based on the stack performance indicators.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention constructs ohmic, activity, concentration polarization, and temperature dynamic models to solve for the stack open-circuit voltage, various polarization losses, and stack terminal voltage step by step, while dynamically updating the electrolyte temperature. It uses real operating data to uniformly calibrate the calibrable coefficients and residual correction terms of all models, outputting standardized stack performance indicators. This forms a unified simulation evaluation benchmark to support horizontal comparisons of multiple control algorithms. At the same time, it can decompose and analyze the individual effects of polarization and temperature on stack operating conditions, thereby improving the interpretability of the control algorithm verification stage.

[0027] Based on the above reasons, this invention can be widely applied in fields such as electrochemical energy storage. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a verification method for a flow battery stack control algorithm in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of concentration polarization loss in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of the fuel cell stack terminal voltage in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the residual calibration process in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a verification method for a flow battery stack control algorithm in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] This application provides a verification method for a flow battery stack control algorithm, comprising the following steps: Step 101: Obtain the target parameters of the flow battery stack, including the electrolyte temperature of the stack.

[0035] The target parameters for a flow battery stack include basic parameters and operational input parameters. Basic parameters may include the number of cells connected in series, the open-circuit voltage-state-of-charge (OCC) relationship, effective reactant concentration, and allowable OCC change per pass. Operational input parameters may include current, OCC, individual cell open-circuit voltage, flow rate, and electrolyte temperature. Obtaining these basic and operational input parameters provides fundamental data for calculating open-circuit voltage, various polarization losses, and updating electrolyte temperature, thus improving the consistency between simulation results and actual operating conditions.

[0036] Step 102: Based on the target parameters, construct the ohmic polarization model, active polarization model, concentration polarization model, and temperature dynamic model. By constructing these models, the corresponding polarization losses and electrolyte temperatures of the fuel cell stack can be quantitatively solved, improving the matching degree between the fuel cell stack simulation parameters and actual operating conditions.

[0037] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of concentration polarization loss in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Step 103: Calculate the open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss of the fuel cell. The ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss are calculated using the ohmic polarization model, active polarization model, and concentration polarization model, respectively.

[0039] The open-circuit voltage of the battery stack is the theoretical reference voltage when there is no current and no polarization loss, and can be used as a reference value for calculating the terminal voltage of the battery stack. Ohmic polarization loss is used to quantify the resistive voltage loss caused by the current flowing through the electrodes, membrane and electrolyte internal resistance. Active polarization loss is used to characterize the additional voltage required for the electrochemical reaction to break through the activation energy, reflecting the loss caused by the electrode reaction resistance. Concentration polarization loss is used to quantify the mass transfer voltage drop loss caused by insufficient supply and diffusion of active materials in the electrolyte. By calculating the open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss and concentration polarization loss of the battery stack, the actual terminal voltage variation law of the flow battery stack under different charge and discharge conditions can be reflected.

[0040] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack is: OCV_stack = OCV_cell × N cell Where OCV_stack is the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack, OCV_cell is the open-circuit voltage of a single cell, and N cell This represents the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series.

[0041] The formula for calculating ohmic polarization loss is:

[0042] in, For Ohmic polarization loss, This is the absolute value of the fuel cell current. The effective internal resistance is calculated from the reference internal resistance, the temperature correction factor, and the correction factor characterizing the degree to which the state of charge deviates from the intermediate range. It can reflect the actual electrochemical changes in ohmic polarization loss when the electrolyte temperature of the fuel cell decreases or the state of charge approaches the charging / discharging boundary.

[0043] The formula for calculating active polarization loss is:

[0044] in, For active polarization loss, The active polarization coefficient is... This is a temperature correction factor. This is the reference current. As the stack current increases or the electrolyte temperature decreases, the active polarization loss increases.

[0045] The formula for calculating concentration polarization loss is:

[0046] in, For concentration polarization loss, This refers to the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series. This is the concentration polarization coefficient. This is the absolute value of the fuel cell current. For reference current, The current nonlinearity index, Insufficient traffic penalty factor This is the end-of-charge factor. The reactant concentration factor, This is the temperature correction factor.

[0047] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the end-of-charge factor is:

[0048] in, This is the end-of-charge factor. This is the amplification factor at the end of the period. The degree coefficient at the end of the period. This is the amplification index at the end of the period.

[0049] Late stage severity coefficient In discharge mode, the calculation formula is:

[0050] in, This is the degree coefficient at the end of the discharge phase. The current state of charge, This is the starting threshold for the low-charge state range of discharge. This is the termination threshold for the low-charge state range of discharge. This is the amplitude limiting function.

[0051] Late stage severity coefficient In charging mode, the calculation formula is:

[0052] Where, r This is the degree coefficient at the end of the charging period. The current state of charge, The starting threshold for the high-charge state range during charging. The threshold for terminating the high-charge state range during charging. This is the amplitude limiting function.

[0053] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the insufficient traffic penalty factor is:

[0054] in, Insufficient traffic penalty factor For actual effective traffic, The safe reference flow rate is used as a reference flow rate. When the actual effective flow rate is lower than the safe reference flow rate, the insufficient flow rate penalty factor is increased and used as a flow rate correction term in the concentration polarization loss calculation to amplify the concentration polarization loss.

[0055] The formula for calculating the safe reference flow rate is:

[0056] in, For theoretical reference flow rate, This is for the safety factor.

[0057] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the theoretical reference flow rate is:

[0058] in, For theoretical reference flow rate, N cell This refers to the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series. Where is the absolute value of the stack current, n is the number of reactant electrons, F is the Faraday constant, and C is the effective reactant concentration. This represents the percentage change in state of charge, specifically the percentage change in state of charge allowed for a single pass of the electrolyte through the fuel cell stack.

[0059] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of the fuel cell terminal voltage in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Step 104: Based on the charge / discharge mode of the flow battery stack, calculate the stack terminal voltage using the stack open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss. By distinguishing between the charging and discharging modes of the flow battery stack, the calculation relationship between the stack open-circuit voltage and each polarization loss is adjusted accordingly to reflect the differentiated impact of voltage loss on the stack output potential under different operating conditions, ensuring that the calculated stack terminal voltage closely approximates the actual charge / discharge operating potential variation of the stack.

[0061] In some embodiments, the stack terminal voltage in discharge mode is the difference between the stack open-circuit voltage and the total polarization loss; in charging mode, it is the sum of the stack open-circuit voltage and the total polarization loss; and in resting mode, it is the stack open-circuit voltage. By distinguishing between the three operating states of discharge mode, charging mode, and resting mode and configuring corresponding stack terminal voltage calculation formulas, the influence of total polarization loss on the stack output potential under different operating conditions is adapted to ensure that the simulated stack terminal voltage closely matches the potential change characteristics of the flow battery stack under all operating conditions.

[0062] The formula for calculating the total polarization loss is:

[0063] in, For total polarization loss, This is the correction factor for fuel cell stack losses. For Ohmic polarization loss, For active polarization loss, For concentration polarization loss, This is the voltage compensation term, specifically the voltage compensation term obtained by interpolation from the residual calibration table based on the current state of charge and charging / discharging mode.

[0064] Step 105: Based on the total polarization loss heat generation, flow heat transfer, environmental heat dissipation and external heat input, update the stack electrolyte temperature through a temperature dynamic model.

[0065] Based on the total polarization loss heat generation, flow heat transfer, environmental heat dissipation, and external heat input corresponding to the previous simulation moment, the temperature state of the stack electrolyte is updated in real time. This can restore the dynamic change trend of the stack electrolyte temperature during the operation of the flow battery stack and improve the matching degree between the simulated stack electrolyte temperature and the actual operating temperature change.

[0066] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the heat generated by total polarization loss is:

[0067] in, Heat is generated due to total polarization loss. For total polarization loss, This represents the absolute value of the fuel cell current.

[0068] The formula for calculating heat transfer by flow rate is:

[0069] in, For heat exchange of flow, Where c is density and c is specific heat capacity. For actual effective traffic, This refers to the electrolyte temperature at the fuel cell stack inlet. This refers to the temperature of the electrolyte in the fuel cell stack.

[0070] Step 106: Obtain real operating data of the flow battery stack. Use this data to calibrate the calibrable coefficients and residual correction terms in the ohmic polarization model, active polarization model, concentration polarization model, and temperature dynamic model, and output the stack performance indicators. The updated electrolyte temperature will affect the temperature correction factors corresponding to the effective internal resistance, active polarization, and concentration polarization, thus constructing a complete closed-loop feedback chain.

[0071] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the residual calibration process in this embodiment of the invention. During execution, the current total polarization loss at the initial iteration is used as input to calculate the heat term and obtain the heat generation power of the stack polarization. The stack electrolyte temperature state is updated based on the correlation between heat generation, heat exchange, and heat dissipation. Temperature correction feedback is used to correct the internal resistance of the stack electrolyte in real time and the temperature correction coefficients corresponding to various polarization losses, outputting the temperature-corrected basic polarization loss. The measured voltage and open-circuit voltage of the stack are collected, and the difference between them is used to inversely calculate the true polarization loss under the current operating condition. The difference between the temperature-corrected basic polarization loss and the true polarization loss is then calculated to complete the residual calibration. Based on the residual values ​​corresponding to different states of charge, electrolyte temperature, and current conditions, a calibration table is generated, including residual compensation amounts for each condition. During the simulation run, the calibration table data is retrieved to obtain the runtime residual compensation for the corresponding condition. The temperature-corrected base polarization loss is superimposed with this residual compensation amount to solve for the corrected total polarization loss. The corrected total polarization loss is then fed back to the starting point of the process as the current total polarization loss for the next iteration step. The entire process of electro-thermal coupling calculation, temperature correction, and residual compensation is executed cyclically to complete the closed-loop iterative calculation of the dynamic time-series simulation of the stack voltage and temperature.

[0072] The residual correction term includes a charging state of charge residual calibration table and a discharging state of charge residual calibration table. The corresponding state of charge residual calibration table is selected based on the current charging / discharging mode, and linear interpolation is performed between adjacent state of charge nodes in the selected table, using the current state of charge as the interpolation independent variable. This yields the residual compensation amount added to the total polarization loss, used to correct at least one unmodeled factor among open-circuit voltage error, polarization hysteresis, and charging / discharging asymmetry. The residual correction term is based on statistical calibration of model errors by mode and state of charge interval using real operating data, avoiding excessive deviation between the pure theoretical model and real operating data.

[0073] Real-world operational data includes training data and validation data. The training data consists of real-world operational data from a subset of multiple flow battery systems, while the validation data consists of real-world operational data from systems that did not participate in the training process. This approach avoids validation data leakage and also provides generalization performance for operational data from various flow battery systems.

[0074] In some embodiments, the stack performance indicators include at least one of the following: stack terminal voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, concentration polarization loss, total polarization loss, and stack electrolyte temperature. By selecting multiple physical quantities such as stack terminal voltage, various polarization losses, and stack electrolyte temperature as optional stack performance indicators, the operating conditions of the flow battery stack can be reflected from multiple dimensions such as potential loss and thermal state.

[0075] Step 107: Verify the target flow battery stack control algorithm based on the stack performance indicators. The performance of the target flow battery stack control algorithm is evaluated based on the quantified stack performance indicators to intuitively reflect the algorithm's suitability in regulating the stack potential and thermal state, thus facilitating the assessment of the algorithm's practical application effectiveness.

[0076] This invention also provides a verification system for a flow battery stack control algorithm, comprising: a multi-model construction module for constructing an ohmic polarization model, an active polarization model, a concentration polarization model, and a temperature dynamic model; a parameter acquisition module for acquiring target parameters of the flow battery stack, including the stack electrolyte temperature; a polarization loss and open-circuit voltage calculation module for calculating the stack open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss based on the target parameters, wherein the ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss are calculated using the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model, and the concentration polarization model, respectively; and a terminal voltage calculation module for calculating the liquid electrolyte temperature. The flow battery stack's charge / discharge modes are defined by calculating the stack terminal voltage based on the stack open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss. A temperature update module updates the stack electrolyte temperature using a dynamic temperature model, taking into account total polarization loss heat generation, flow heat transfer, environmental heat dissipation, and external heat input. A model calibration module acquires real-world operating data of the flow battery stack and calibrates the calibrable coefficients and residual correction terms in the ohmic polarization model, active polarization model, concentration polarization model, and temperature dynamic model using this data, outputting stack performance indicators. An algorithm verification module validates the target flow battery stack control algorithm based on the stack performance indicators.

[0077] The same or similar parts between the various embodiments in this specification can be referred to each other, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] This invention constructs ohmic, activity, concentration polarization, and temperature dynamic models to solve the stack open-circuit voltage, various polarization losses, and stack terminal voltage step by step, while dynamically updating the stack electrolyte temperature. It uses real operating data to uniformly calibrate the calibrable coefficients and residual correction terms of all models, outputting standardized stack performance indicators. This can form a unified simulation evaluation benchmark to support horizontal comparison of multiple control algorithms. At the same time, it can decompose and analyze the individual effects of polarization and temperature on stack operating conditions to improve the interpretability of the control algorithm verification stage.

[0079] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A verification method for a flow battery stack control algorithm, characterized in that, include: Obtain target parameters for the flow battery stack, including the stack electrolyte temperature; Based on the target parameters, an ohmic polarization model, an active polarization model, a concentration polarization model, and a temperature dynamic model are constructed. The open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss of the fuel cell stack are calculated. The ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, and concentration polarization loss are calculated using the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model, and the concentration polarization model, respectively. Based on the charge and discharge mode of the flow battery stack, the stack terminal voltage is calculated using the stack open-circuit voltage, the ohmic polarization loss, the active polarization loss, and the concentration polarization loss. The temperature of the stack electrolyte is updated based on the total polarization loss heat generation, flow heat transfer, environmental heat dissipation, and external heat input through the temperature dynamic model. Acquire real operating data of the flow battery stack, and calibrate the calibrable coefficients and residual correction terms in the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model, the concentration polarization model, and the temperature dynamic model using the real operating data. Output stack performance indicators, which include at least one of the following: stack terminal voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, concentration polarization loss, total polarization loss, and stack electrolyte temperature. The target flow battery stack control algorithm is verified based on the stack performance indicators.

2. The verification method for the flow battery stack control algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack is: OCV_stack=OCV_cell×N cell Where OCV_stack is the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack, OCV_cell is the open-circuit voltage of a single cell, and N cell This represents the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series. The formula for calculating the ohmic polarization loss is as follows: in, For Ohmic polarization loss, This is the absolute value of the fuel cell current. Effective internal resistance; The formula for calculating the active polarization loss is: in, For active polarization loss, The active polarization coefficient is... This is a temperature correction factor. This is the reference current.

3. The verification method for the flow battery stack control algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the concentration polarization loss is as follows: in, For concentration polarization loss, This refers to the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series. This is the concentration polarization coefficient. This is the absolute value of the fuel cell current. For reference current, The current nonlinearity index, Insufficient traffic penalty factor This is the end-of-charge factor. The reactant concentration factor, This is the temperature correction factor.

4. The verification method for the flow battery stack control algorithm according to claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the end-of-charge factor is as follows: in, This is the end-of-charge factor. This is the amplification factor at the end of the period. This is the degree coefficient at the end of the period. This is the amplification index at the end of the period.

5. The verification method for the flow battery stack control algorithm according to claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the insufficient traffic penalty factor is as follows: in, Insufficient traffic penalty factor For actual effective traffic, For safety reference traffic; The formula for calculating the safe reference flow rate is: in, For theoretical reference flow rate, This is for the safety factor.

6. The verification method for the flow battery stack control algorithm according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the theoretical reference flow rate is: in, For theoretical reference flow rate, N cell This refers to the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack connected in series. Where is the absolute value of the stack current, n is the number of reactant electrons, F is the Faraday constant, and C is the effective reactant concentration. This represents the percentage change in the state of charge.

7. The verification method for the flow battery stack control algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stack terminal voltage is the difference between the stack open-circuit voltage and the total polarization loss in discharge mode, the stack terminal voltage is the sum of the stack open-circuit voltage and the total polarization loss in charging mode, and the stack terminal voltage is the stack open-circuit voltage in resting mode. The formula for calculating the total polarization loss is as follows: in, For total polarization loss, This is the correction factor for fuel cell stack losses. For Ohmic polarization loss, For active polarization loss, For concentration polarization loss, This is a voltage compensation term.

8. The verification method for the flow battery stack control algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the heat generated by the total polarization loss is as follows: in, Heat is generated due to total polarization loss. For total polarization loss, This is the absolute value of the fuel cell current; The formula for calculating heat transfer by flow rate is: in, For heat exchange of flow, Where c is density and c is specific heat capacity. For actual effective traffic, This refers to the electrolyte temperature at the fuel cell stack inlet. The temperature of the battery pack electrolyte is denoted as .

9. A verification system for a flow battery stack control algorithm, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire target parameters of the flow battery stack, including the stack electrolyte temperature. A multi-model construction module is used to construct an ohmic polarization model, an active polarization model, a concentration polarization model, and a temperature dynamic model based on the target parameters. The polarization loss and open-circuit voltage calculation module is used to calculate the open-circuit voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss and concentration polarization loss of the fuel cell. The ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss and concentration polarization loss are calculated by the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model and the concentration polarization model, respectively. The terminal voltage calculation module is used to calculate the stack terminal voltage based on the charge and discharge mode of the flow battery stack, and on the stack open-circuit voltage, the ohmic polarization loss, the active polarization loss and the concentration polarization loss. The temperature update module is used to update the temperature of the stack electrolyte based on the total polarization loss heat generation, flow heat transfer, environmental heat dissipation and external heat input, through the temperature dynamic model. The model calibration module is used to acquire real operating data of the flow battery stack, and to calibrate the calibrable coefficients and residual correction terms in the ohmic polarization model, the active polarization model, the concentration polarization model and the temperature dynamic model using the real operating data, and output the stack performance indicators, which include at least one of the following: stack terminal voltage, ohmic polarization loss, active polarization loss, concentration polarization loss, total polarization loss and stack electrolyte temperature; The algorithm verification module is used to verify the target flow battery stack control algorithm based on the stack performance indicators.

Images