Intelligent street lamp distributed light storage micro-grid energy scheduling and power grid interaction method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of wisdom street lamp distributed light storage microgrid energy scheduling and power grid interaction method and system, it is related to distributed light storage microgrid energy management technical field, to solve the technical problem of unreasonable charging capacity distribution in the process of current old community street lamp energy storage charging, including street lamp controller according to residual power, residual duration and health state calculate charging urgency, and broadcast charging urgency to adjacent street lamp controller, each street lamp controller sorts and compares charging urgency of itself with received charging urgency of adjacent street lamp controller, if the charging urgency of itself is highest, then obtain current charging authority, otherwise, postpone charging.The application realizes the self-organizing distribution of charging authority between multiple street lamp energy storage units, each node sorts by comparing the charging urgency of itself and adjacent node, the node with the highest urgency starts charging, which ensures that the street lamp node with the lowest residual power and the narrowest available charging window is given priority to energy supplement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid energy management technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for energy dispatching and grid interaction of smart streetlights distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrids. Background Technology

[0002] With urban renewal and the promotion of green energy, smart street light systems are gradually becoming an important part of new urban infrastructure. Especially in the renovation of old residential areas, smart street lights typically integrate LED lighting, photovoltaic panels, and small energy storage batteries, forming distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid nodes. These systems charge the energy storage batteries during off-peak electricity hours at night, and use the stored energy to power the street lights or participate in grid interaction during the day, theoretically reducing electricity costs and improving power supply reliability.

[0003] However, the power distribution network infrastructure in older residential areas is relatively weak, and the transformer capacity is limited. When multiple street light energy storage units are charging at the same time, the charging load overlaps with residential electricity consumption, easily leading to transformer overload. In existing technologies, most street light energy storage charging control strategies adopt a timed charging method. While this method is simple and easy to implement, it cannot detect the differences in actual charging needs of each energy storage unit. Some street light nodes with extremely low remaining power and narrow available charging windows may experience lighting interruptions due to failure to charge in time, while other nodes with sufficient power occupy charging resources, resulting in an unreasonable allocation of charging capacity. Therefore, we propose a method and system for energy scheduling and grid interaction in a distributed photovoltaic-energy storage microgrid for smart street lights. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, adapt to the needs of reality, and provide a method and system for energy scheduling and grid interaction of distributed photovoltaic energy storage microgrids for smart streetlights, so as to solve the technical problem of unreasonable allocation of charging capacity during the current energy storage charging process of streetlights in old residential areas.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a method for energy dispatching and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Each street light controller obtains the local effective voltage value of the distribution network at its node, the remaining power and health status of its energy storage unit, and the remaining time until the next lighting start-up in real time, and obtains the total load rate of its area.

[0007] The street light controller determines the initial charging power limit based on the local effective voltage value and the mapping relationship between voltage and charging power.

[0008] The street light controller calculates the charging urgency based on the remaining power, remaining time, and health status, and broadcasts the charging urgency to neighboring street light controllers. Each street light controller sorts and compares its own charging urgency with the received charging urgency from neighboring street light controllers. If its own charging urgency is the highest, it obtains the current charging permission; otherwise, charging is postponed.

[0009] The street light controller that has obtained charging permission applies a secondary constraint on the initial charging power limit based on the total load rate of the transformer area to obtain the final charging power parameter; and controls the energy storage unit to perform charging based on the final charging power parameter.

[0010] When a grid dispatch instruction is received and it is determined that the remaining power of this energy storage unit meets the preset minimum lighting guarantee conditions, the surplus power will be fed back to the distribution network.

[0011] Preferably, in the mapping relationship between voltage and charging power, the allowable deviation range of the supply voltage is divided into multiple voltage working intervals, and each voltage working interval corresponds to a charging power level;

[0012] Hysteresis intervals are set at the switching critical points of each voltage operating range. When the voltage moves from one voltage operating range to another adjacent voltage operating range, the current charging power level remains unchanged before crossing the hysteresis interval. After the voltage crosses the hysteresis interval, it switches to the charging power level corresponding to the target voltage operating range.

[0013] Preferably, the formula for calculating the charging urgency is: ;

[0014] in, For the first The urgency of charging individual street light controllers; For the first The remaining percentage of electricity in each street light energy storage unit; For the first The remaining time before each street light is turned on again; This refers to the total available charging window duration for the street light from the end of the last lighting session to the start of the next lighting session. For the first The health status of each street light energy storage unit; , , The preset weighting coefficients satisfy... , A negative value is used to negatively correct the charging urgency of energy storage units in poor health.

[0015] Preferably, the specific implementation of the secondary constraint is as follows: based on the rated capacity of the transformer in the distribution area, the upper limit of the economic operating load rate of the transformer is set as the high load threshold, and the safe recovery point of the transformer exiting the heavy load state is set as the low load threshold.

[0016] When the total load rate of the transformer area rises above the high load threshold, the smaller of the initial charging power upper limit and the limit value is used as the final charging power parameter; when the total load rate of the transformer area falls below the low load threshold, the initial charging power upper limit is used as the final charging power parameter.

[0017] Preferably, the limiting value is determined by subtracting the statistical value of the basic load of residents in the transformer substation from the power value corresponding to the upper limit of the safe operating load of the transformer itself, so as to obtain the remaining charging capacity available for use by the street light energy storage unit. The remaining charging capacity is then divided equally among all street light energy storage units in the transformer substation, and the resulting power value is the limiting value.

[0018] Preferably, during the process of feeding surplus power back to the distribution network, it is determined whether the remaining power of the energy storage unit is higher than the minimum demand for subsequent lighting power supply. If this condition is met, the surplus power is fed back to the distribution network through the energy storage converter, and the fed-back power does not exceed the rated capacity of the energy storage converter.

[0019] Preferably, if the street light controller fails to receive a charging urgency broadcast by a neighboring street light controller for several consecutive communication cycles, it is determined to be a communication failure and switches to independent operation mode;

[0020] In independent operation mode, the street light controller stops calculating and broadcasting charging urgency, does not participate in distributed sorting comparison, adjusts its own charging power according to local voltage data and total load rate data of the transformer area, and limits the maximum charging power to a preset proportion of the rated power;

[0021] When a valid broadcast message is received again from a neighboring street light controller, the system exits the independent operation mode and resumes distributed negotiation.

[0022] Preferably, the consecutive multiple communication cycles are at least two consecutive communication cycles.

[0023] A smart street light distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid energy dispatch and grid interaction system includes a data acquisition module, a local voltage regulation module, a distributed negotiation module, a joint constraint module, and an execution module;

[0024] The data acquisition module is used to obtain the effective value of the local voltage of the node, the operating status data of the corresponding energy storage unit, and the total load rate data of the transformer area. The operating status data includes at least the remaining power, terminal voltage, temperature and health status of the energy storage unit.

[0025] The local voltage regulation module is used to determine the initial charging power upper limit based on the local effective voltage value and the mapping relationship between voltage and charging power.

[0026] The distributed negotiation module is used to calculate the charging urgency based on the remaining power, the remaining time before the next lighting start, and the health status, broadcast the charging urgency to neighboring devices, and sort the charging urgency by comparing itself with the charging urgency of neighboring devices, and allocate charging permissions according to the sorting results.

[0027] The joint constraint module is used to perform a secondary constraint on the initial charging power upper limit in combination with the total load rate of the transformer area when obtaining charging permission, so as to obtain the final charging power parameters.

[0028] The execution module is used to control the energy storage unit to perform charging based on the final charging power parameters, and to control the surplus power to be fed back to the distribution network when a grid dispatch instruction is received and the remaining power of the energy storage unit meets the minimum lighting guarantee conditions.

[0029] An electronic device includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement a method for energy dispatching and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. This invention utilizes a distributed control negotiation mechanism to achieve self-organized allocation of charging permissions among multiple street light energy storage units, ensuring that limited charging capacity in a given area prioritizes the nodes with the most urgent charging needs. Each street light controller calculates its charging urgency based on three dimensions: the remaining power of the energy storage unit, the remaining time before the next lighting start, and the health status of the energy storage unit. This urgency is then broadcast wirelessly to neighboring nodes. Each node ranks itself by comparing its own charging urgency with that of its neighbors. The node with the highest urgency obtains the current charging permission and begins charging, while the remaining nodes automatically postpone and wait for the next round of negotiation. Under the condition of limited total charging capacity, this invention ensures that the street light node with the lowest remaining power and the narrowest available charging window receives priority for charging, thus solving the problem of unreasonable charging capacity allocation in the current charging process for street lights in older residential areas.

[0032] 2. This invention also acquires the local effective voltage value in real time through each street light controller, determines the initial upper limit of charging power based on the mapping relationship between voltage and charging power, and sets hysteresis intervals at the switching critical points of each voltage operating range to prevent repeated switching of charging power due to minor voltage fluctuations. Simultaneously, the street light controller acquires the total load rate of the distribution area. When the load rate rises above the high load threshold, the upper limit of charging power is limited; when the load rate falls below the low load threshold, normal adjustment resumes. When a grid dispatch command is received and it is determined that the remaining power of the energy storage unit meets the minimum demand for subsequent lighting power supply, the surplus power is transmitted back to the distribution network through the energy storage converter, providing active power support to the grid. The reverse power transmission does not exceed the rated capacity of the energy storage converter, realizing the functional expansion of the energy storage unit from one-way charging to two-way interaction.

[0033] 3. This invention also determines a communication failure when the street light controller fails to receive charging urgency information broadcast from neighboring nodes for several consecutive communication cycles. It then automatically switches to independent operation mode, ceasing the calculation and broadcasting of charging urgency, and does not participate in distributed sorting comparisons. Instead, it adjusts its own charging power solely based on local voltage data and the total load rate of the distribution area, limiting the maximum charging power to a preset percentage of the rated power. This reduces the risk of overload that may arise from the inability to perceive the status of neighboring nodes. Once the communication link is restored and a valid broadcast message from a neighboring node is received again, the system automatically exits independent operation mode and resumes distributed collaborative control. This ensures that the system can still operate safely and autonomously even when the distributed negotiation communication link is interrupted, improving robustness and field adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall method of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the distributed negotiation charging priority determination process of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the secondary constraint of transformer load rate in this invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the communication fault independent operation mode switching process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention relates to a method for energy scheduling and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights, comprising the following steps: S100, each streetlight controller collects in real time the local voltage data of its own distribution network node, the operating status data of its corresponding energy storage unit, and the total load rate data of its area; each streetlight controller adaptively adjusts the upper limit of the initial charging power of its own energy storage unit based on the collected local voltage data.

[0039] Each street light controller, through its built-in voltage detection circuit, is connected in parallel between the live and neutral wires of the low-voltage distribution line where its node is located, to collect the effective value of the line voltage in real time as local voltage data. The operating status data of the energy storage unit includes at least the current remaining charge, terminal voltage, temperature, and health status of the energy storage battery. This data is obtained by the street light controller through the energy storage battery management system interface. The total load rate data of the distribution area is obtained by the street light controller through RS485 bus reading the real-time data of the smart meters in the distribution area, or by collecting the signal of the current transformer installed on the low-voltage side of the distribution box in the distribution area and calculating it in combination with the rated capacity of the transformer.

[0040] The adaptive adjustment process includes: the street light controller has a pre-stored mapping relationship between voltage range and charging power. The street light controller compares the real-time collected local voltage data with the boundary values ​​of each preset working range to determine which working range the current voltage falls into. Based on the matched working range, the charging power level corresponding to that working range is found, and the power value corresponding to that charging power level is used as the initial charging power upper limit.

[0041] The voltage range is set according to the provisions of the national standard GB / T 12325 regarding the permissible deviation of power supply voltage, and is divided in combination with the actual operating characteristics of the power distribution network in old residential areas. According to this standard, the permissible deviation of single-phase power supply voltage is +7% and -10% of the rated value. Within this permissible range, the voltage is further subdivided into multiple operating ranges, each corresponding to a different charging power level, so that the controller can intervene and adjust in advance before the voltage exceeds the limit, rather than passively responding after the voltage has reached the boundary of the permissible range.

[0042] The mapping relationship is as follows: when the local voltage is too high, it indicates that there is a risk of reactive power failure or voltage exceeding the limit at the node, or that the upstream grid is lightly loaded. At this time, the charging power of the energy storage unit should be actively reduced or even suspended to prevent the voltage from rising further.

[0043] When the local voltage is low, it means that the local load may be heavy or there is a power deficit. In this case, provided that the energy storage unit is acceptable, it should be allowed to charge at a higher power to provide active load support for the grid.

[0044] Furthermore, a hysteresis interval is set at the switching critical point of the aforementioned voltage range. The distribution network voltage is not a smooth straight line, but fluctuates up and down at any time due to factors such as load switching and photovoltaic disturbances. Without a hysteresis mechanism, when the voltage repeatedly crosses a power switching threshold, the charging power command of the energy storage unit will fluctuate up and down, which will not only generate harmonics, but also seriously damage the life of the converter and battery.

[0045] As an optional implementation, this mapping relationship can be a piecewise function. For example, the voltage can be divided into multiple operating intervals from 90% to 110% of the rated value. Each operating interval corresponds to a proportional coefficient from 0% to 100% of the rated power. When the voltage is lower than 93% of the rated value, it corresponds to 100% of the rated power; when the voltage is higher than 107% of the rated value, it corresponds to 0% of the rated power, i.e., charging is paused. Taking the power switching threshold of 93% of the rated value as an example, it can be set as the power reduction trigger point, and 95% of the rated value can be set as the power increase recovery point. The interval between the two is the hysteresis band, and the bandwidth is the rated power. The controller operates at a power level of 2% of the rated value. When the voltage drops from a higher range to below 93% of the rated value, the controller performs a power switch, reducing the charging power level. When the voltage rises from the lower range, even if it exceeds 93% of the rated value, as long as it has not reached 95% of the rated value, the controller maintains the current low power level until the voltage continues to rise and exceeds 95% of the rated value, at which point it resumes the higher charging power level. It should be noted that the above are all exemplary descriptions. In practical applications, the configuration can be adjusted according to the voltage level of the distribution network, the line impedance characteristics, and the parameters of the energy storage device. This should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] S200: Each street light controller broadcasts its own charging demand information to neighboring street light controllers. Through a distributed control negotiation mechanism, the charging priority of each smart street light node is determined, and charging permissions are allocated according to priority.

[0047] Charging demand-related information refers to indicators that quantify the current urgency of charging for each street light energy storage unit, i.e., charging urgency. Before broadcasting, each street light controller calculates its own charging urgency based on the remaining power of the energy storage unit, the remaining time before the next lighting start, and the health status of the energy storage unit. This charging urgency information is then broadcast to neighboring street light controllers via a short-range wireless communication module. This broadcast can be implemented using LoRa, ZigBee, or power line carrier communication, etc.

[0048] Neighboring nodes listen to each other's broadcasts and each maintains a list containing their own and their neighbors' charging urgency. Each street light controller sorts and compares its own charging urgency with the charging urgency of all its neighbors in the list: if its own charging urgency is the highest, it obtains charging permission and starts charging; if its own charging urgency is not the highest, it automatically postpones charging, continues to listen to subsequent broadcasts, and waits for the next round of sorting.

[0049] In a distributed control negotiation mechanism, the core factors affecting the urgency of charging energy storage units can be summarized into three dimensions:

[0050] Remaining power of the energy storage unit: The lower the remaining power, the weaker the remaining power supply capacity. Once depleted, it will cause the streetlights to stop working, thus the charging demand is more urgent. The contribution of the remaining power is determined by… In form, This represents the remaining battery percentage. The lower, The larger the value, the greater its positive contribution to the sense of urgency;

[0051] Remaining time until the next lighting start-up: Streetlights are typically turned on during fixed periods at night, while the daytime photovoltaic power generation period represents the charging window. A shorter remaining time indicates a narrower available charging window, necessitating rapid energy replenishment within a limited timeframe, thus increasing the urgency. The contribution of the remaining time is determined by... In form, This is the remaining time until the lights are turned on again. This represents the total duration of the available charging window; the shorter the remaining time, the smaller this ratio. The larger the value, the greater its positive contribution to the sense of urgency.

[0052] Battery health status: With prolonged use, batteries experience capacity degradation and increased internal resistance. High-power charging accelerates aging and may even pose safety hazards. Therefore, batteries in poor health should have their charging priority appropriately reduced to protect battery life and system safety. The contribution of battery health status is assessed using... In form, This indicates the battery's health status. The worse, The larger the value, the more likely it is to suppress the charging urgency. Therefore, its coefficient is negative when weighted, so that this item has a negative correction on the total urgency.

[0053] Based on the above logic, the formula for calculating charging urgency is defined as follows: ;

[0054] in, For the first The charging urgency of a street light controller is dimensionless; the larger the value, the more urgent the charging demand. For the first The percentage of remaining power in each street light energy storage unit, dimensionless, ranging from [0,1]. A value of 0.8 indicates that 80% of the battery remains. Reflecting the proportion of the energy deficit, The lower the value, the larger this item is, indicating that the lower the remaining battery power, the more urgent the situation. For the first The remaining time before the next lighting start-up for each street light, in minutes or hours; This refers to the total available charging window for the street light from the end of the last lighting session to the start of the next lighting session, expressed in units of 1 and 2. Consistent. Ratio This represents the remaining time margin; the shorter the remaining time, the smaller this ratio. The larger the value, the narrower and more urgent the remaining charging window becomes; For the first The health status of each street light energy storage unit is dimensionless and ranges from [0,1], where 1 indicates a brand new state. This reflects the degree of battery degradation; the worse the battery's health, the higher this item. However, due to the weighting coefficient of this item... Taking a negative value, this term actually affects... This generates a negative correction, indicating that the worse the battery health, the less urgent the charging should be, in order to protect older batteries and slow down degradation. , , The preset weighting coefficients are all dimensionless numbers, satisfying the following conditions: This is used to adjust the contribution ratio of the three factors to urgency. In practical applications, it can be flexibly adjusted according to the season (e.g., in winter when daylight hours are short, the remaining time factor is more critical) or the battery aging stage (e.g., when the battery enters the degradation period, the weight of health factors increases). For example, in scenarios where ensuring lighting reliability is emphasized, The value can be greater than To suppress charging of degraded batteries, Take the negative value.

[0055] In the specific implementation of distributed sorting, if there are a few cases where the charging urgency is the same, auxiliary rules can be preset, such as comparing the unique identifier of the street light controller, that is, numbering the street light controller, and giving priority to the one with the smaller number.

[0056] For example: There are three adjacent smart streetlights on a certain road section, numbered A, B, and C respectively. ;

[0057] The remaining energy storage capacity of node A ( The percentage is 30%, and the total available charging window duration is ( The remaining time until the next lighting cycle is 8 hours. The battery health status is 2 hours. The percentage is 95%;

[0058] The remaining energy storage capacity of node B ( The charging window is 60% available, and the total available charging window duration is ( The remaining time until the next lighting cycle is 8 hours. The battery health status is 5 hours. The figure is 90%;

[0059] The remaining energy storage capacity of node C ( The percentage is 20%, and the total available charging window duration is ( The remaining time until the next lighting cycle is 8 hours. The battery health status is 1 hour. ) is 100%;

[0060] The weighting coefficient is set to , , ;

[0061] For node A: , , , ;

[0062] For node B: , , , .

[0063] For node C: , , , ;

[0064] The sorting result is ;

[0065] Based on the above ranking, node C has the highest charging urgency and will be granted charging permission first, initiating charging; nodes A and B will automatically postpone and continue listening. When node C completes charging or... When the priority level drops to a point where it is no longer the highest, node A will be granted charging privileges in the next round of ranking.

[0066] As can be seen from the above calculation process, although node C has the lowest remaining power and the shortest remaining time, It has the highest urgency level, as it was not penalized for its health status; Node A's Both the remaining time and the average time are in the middle, ranking second; Node B's High, with ample remaining time, and Slightly worse further reduced the urgency, placing it last.

[0067] It should be noted that the weighting coefficients in the above formula for calculating charging urgency... , ,and The value is illustrative and can be adjusted in practical applications according to factors such as the lighting period of the street light, the capacity configuration of the energy storage battery, and the degree of aging. It should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0068] The S300 and each street light controller combine the collected total load rate data of the distribution area to perform secondary constraints on the initial charging power upper limit, obtain the final charging power parameters, control the energy storage unit to perform charging operations based on the final charging power parameters, and send backup power back to the distribution area according to the grid operation requirements to achieve grid interaction.

[0069] The total load factor of a distribution area refers to the ratio of the total operating power of the area to the rated capacity of the transformer, used to measure the overall load level of the area. There are two ways for each street light controller to obtain the total load factor data: one is to directly read the real-time load factor data from the smart meters in the area via the RS485 bus; the other is to install current transformers on the low-voltage side of the distribution box in the area, and the controller collects the transformer signals and calculates the load factor based on the rated capacity of the transformer.

[0070] It should be noted that the specific implementation of the secondary constraint is as follows: the street light controller has preset high load threshold and low load threshold, and the controller compares the total load rate of the transformer area obtained in real time with the high load threshold and low load threshold.

[0071] The setting logic for high load threshold and low load threshold is as follows: based on the rated capacity of the transformer in the distribution area, the upper limit of the economic operating load rate of the transformer is set as the high load threshold, and the safe recovery point for the transformer to exit the heavy load state is set as the low load threshold.

[0072] When the total load rate of the transformer area rises above the high load threshold, it indicates that the entire transformer area is under heavy load. All street light energy storage units uniformly enter the power limiting mode, and the maximum allowable charging power is forcibly limited to a preset limit value. The street light controller compares the initial charging power upper limit determined in step S200 with the limit value and takes the smaller one as the final charging power parameter.

[0073] The method for setting the limit value is as follows: First, determine the upper limit of the safe operating load that the transformer itself can operate. Subtract the predicted value or historical statistical value of the basic load of residents in the transformer area from the power value corresponding to the upper limit of the safe operating load to obtain the remaining charging capacity that can be used by the street light energy storage unit. Then, divide the remaining charging capacity equally among all street light energy storage units in the transformer area. The resulting power value is the preset limit value. Alternatively, take the difference between the rated capacity of the transformer and the power corresponding to the high load threshold as the total charging capacity that can be used by the street light energy storage unit, and then divide it equally among each street light energy storage unit to obtain the limit value.

[0074] When the total load rate of the transformer area falls below the low load threshold, it indicates that the load of the transformer area has recovered to a safe level. The above-mentioned limit constraint is released, and the initial charging power upper limit determined by step S200 is restored as the power constraint benchmark.

[0075] When a street light controller receives a peak-shaving or voltage regulation command from the grid, it first determines whether the remaining power in its energy storage unit meets the minimum demand for subsequent lighting power supply. If the remaining power exceeds the minimum demand and there is a surplus, the surplus power is transmitted back to the distribution network through the energy storage converter to provide active power support to the grid. When allocating charging permissions and calculating charging power, the street light controller always prioritizes ensuring its own basic lighting function. The amount of power transmitted back is determined by the controller based on the remaining energy storage capacity, grid commands, and local voltage conditions, but it does not exceed the rated capacity of the energy storage converter.

[0076] S400 When a street light controller fails to receive interactive data broadcast by a neighboring street light controller for several consecutive communication cycles, it is determined to be a communication failure and automatically switches to independent operation mode. It no longer participates in the distributed negotiation process and only adjusts its own charging power based on local voltage data and total load rate data of the distribution area. At the same time, it limits the maximum charging power to a preset ratio of the rated power until communication is restored to normal and then re-participates in distributed negotiation.

[0077] The number of consecutive communication cycles is the number of communication failure determinations, and this number must be at least two consecutive communication cycles. A single instance of not receiving a broadcast message is not considered a communication failure because occasional packet loss may occur when the wireless channel is affected by momentary interference or signal collisions; a single packet loss does not necessarily mean that the communication link has been truly interrupted.

[0078] In standalone operation mode, the street light controller no longer performs the charging urgency calculation, broadcasting, and distributed sorting comparison in step S200, because it is no longer possible to obtain the charging urgency of neighboring nodes, and the basis for distributed negotiation no longer exists. The street light controller only determines the upper limit of charging power based on its own collected local voltage data and total load rate data of the transformer area, according to the voltage-charging power mapping relationship in step S100, and then performs a secondary correction on the upper limit with reference to the total load rate constraint of the transformer area in step S300 to obtain the final charging power parameters.

[0079] Furthermore, in independent operation mode, the street light controller further limits the maximum charging power to a preset percentage of the rated power. This is because a communication failure means the current node is unable to know the charging status of neighboring nodes or the overall load distribution of the distribution area. Continuing to charge at the rated power or even higher power could overlap with other nodes operating independently or normally, causing overload or voltage drop at the end of the distribution area. Reducing the maximum charging power to a more conservative level can mitigate grid security risks caused by communication interruptions while ensuring the basic charging needs of the current node.

[0080] The design logic of the preset ratio is as follows: First, determine the upper limit of the safe operating load of the transformer in the distribution area under communication failure conditions. Subtract the statistical value of the basic load of residents in the distribution area from the power value corresponding to the upper limit of the safe operating load to obtain the total charging capacity available for the street light energy storage unit. Then, divide the total charging capacity by the total number of street light nodes in the distribution area to obtain the maximum allowable charging power of a single street light energy storage unit in independent operation mode. Finally, divide the maximum allowable charging power by the rated power of the street light energy storage unit, and the resulting ratio is the preset ratio.

[0081] In independent operation mode, the street light controller continuously monitors the communication channel. Once it receives a valid broadcast message from any neighboring node again, indicating that the communication link has been restored, the street light controller immediately exits the independent operation mode and re-executes steps S200 and S300 to restore the complete distributed collaborative control function.

[0082] Example 2: A smart street light distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid energy dispatch and grid interaction system, including a data acquisition module, a local voltage regulation module, a distributed negotiation module, a joint constraint module, and an execution module;

[0083] The data acquisition module is used to collect in real time the local voltage data of the distribution network node where the corresponding smart street light is located, the operating status data of its corresponding energy storage unit, and the total load rate data of the transformer area.

[0084] The local voltage regulation module is used to adaptively adjust the initial charging power limit of its own energy storage unit based on the collected local voltage data.

[0085] The distributed negotiation module is used to broadcast its own charging demand information to neighboring devices, and to determine the charging priority of each smart street light node through a distributed control negotiation mechanism, and to allocate charging permissions according to priority.

[0086] The joint constraint module is used to combine the collected total load rate data of the transformer area to apply secondary constraints on the initial charging power upper limit, so as to obtain the final charging power parameters;

[0087] The execution module is used to control the energy storage unit to perform charging operations based on the final charging power parameters, and to send backup power back to the distribution area to achieve grid interaction according to the grid operation requirements.

[0088] Example 3: This application also provides an electronic device, which includes one or more processors and a memory for storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the one or more processors, the electronic device enables it to implement all or part of the steps in the above-described method for energy dispatch and grid interaction of distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrids for smart streetlights. This electronic device can be a streetlight controller integrated within a smart streetlight.

[0089] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for energy dispatching and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Each street light controller obtains the local effective voltage value of the distribution network at its node, the remaining power and health status of its energy storage unit, and the remaining time until the next lighting start-up in real time, and obtains the total load rate of its area. The street light controller determines the initial charging power limit based on the local effective voltage value and the mapping relationship between voltage and charging power. The street light controller calculates the charging urgency based on the remaining power, remaining time, and health status, and broadcasts the charging urgency to neighboring street light controllers. Each street light controller sorts and compares its own charging urgency with the received charging urgency from neighboring street light controllers. If its own charging urgency is the highest, it obtains the current charging permission; otherwise, charging is postponed. The street light controller that has obtained charging permission applies a secondary constraint on the initial charging power limit based on the total load rate of the transformer area to obtain the final charging power parameters; The energy storage unit is controlled to perform charging based on the final charging power parameters; The specific implementation of the secondary constraint is as follows: based on the rated capacity of the transformer in the distribution area, the upper limit of the economic operating load rate of the transformer is set as the high load threshold, and the safe recovery point of the transformer exiting the heavy load state is set as the low load threshold. When the total load rate of the transformer area rises above the high load threshold, the smaller of the initial charging power upper limit and the limit value is used as the final charging power parameter; when the total load rate of the transformer area falls below the low load threshold, the initial charging power upper limit is used as the final charging power parameter. The limiting value is determined as follows: the power value corresponding to the upper limit of the safe operating load of the transformer itself is subtracted from the statistical value of the basic load of residents in the transformer area to obtain the remaining charging capacity available for street light energy storage units. The remaining charging capacity is then divided equally among all street light energy storage units in the transformer area, and the resulting power value is the limiting value. When a grid dispatch instruction is received and it is determined that the remaining power of this energy storage unit meets the preset minimum lighting guarantee conditions, the surplus power will be fed back to the distribution network.

2. The method for energy dispatching and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the mapping relationship between voltage and charging power, the allowable deviation range of the supply voltage is divided into multiple voltage working intervals, and each voltage working interval corresponds to a charging power level. Hysteresis intervals are set at the switching critical points of each voltage operating range. When the voltage moves from one voltage operating range to another adjacent voltage operating range, the current charging power level remains unchanged before crossing the hysteresis interval. After the voltage crosses the hysteresis interval, it switches to the charging power level corresponding to the target voltage operating range.

3. The method for energy dispatching and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the charging urgency is as follows: ； in, For the first The urgency of charging individual street light controllers; For the first The remaining percentage of electricity in each street light energy storage unit; For the first The remaining time before each street light is turned on again; This refers to the total available charging window duration for the street light from the end of the last lighting cycle to the start of the next lighting cycle. For the first The health status of each street light energy storage unit; , , The preset weighting coefficients satisfy... , A negative value is used to negatively correct the charging urgency of energy storage units in poor health.

4. The method for energy dispatching and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the process of feeding surplus power back to the distribution network, it is determined whether the remaining power of the energy storage unit is higher than the minimum demand for subsequent lighting power supply. If this condition is met, the surplus power is fed back to the distribution network through the energy storage converter, and the fed-back power does not exceed the rated capacity of the energy storage converter.

5. The method for energy dispatching and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights according to claim 1, characterized in that, When a street light controller fails to receive a charging urgency notification from a neighboring street light controller for several consecutive communication cycles, it is determined to be a communication failure and switches to independent operation mode. In independent operation mode, the street light controller stops calculating and broadcasting the charging urgency, does not participate in distributed sorting comparison, adjusts its own charging power according to the local effective voltage value and the total load rate data of the transformer area, and limits the maximum charging power to a preset proportion of the rated power; When a valid broadcast message is received again from a neighboring street light controller, the system exits the independent operation mode and resumes distributed negotiation.

6. The method for energy dispatching and grid interaction of a distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid for smart streetlights according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of consecutive communication cycles is at least two consecutive communication cycles.

7. A smart street light distributed photovoltaic-storage microgrid energy dispatching and grid interaction system, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition module, a local voltage regulation module, a distributed negotiation module, a joint constraint module, and an execution module; The data acquisition module is used to obtain the effective value of the local voltage of the node, the operating status data of the corresponding energy storage unit, and the total load rate data of the transformer area. The operating status data includes at least the remaining power, terminal voltage, temperature and health status of the energy storage unit. The local voltage regulation module is used to determine the initial charging power upper limit based on the local effective voltage value and the mapping relationship between voltage and charging power. The distributed negotiation module is used to calculate the charging urgency based on the remaining power, the remaining time before the next lighting start, and the health status, broadcast the charging urgency to neighboring devices, and sort the charging urgency by comparing itself with the charging urgency of neighboring devices, and allocate charging permissions according to the sorting results. The joint constraint module is used to perform a secondary constraint on the initial charging power upper limit in combination with the total load rate of the transformer area when obtaining charging permission, so as to obtain the final charging power parameters. The specific implementation of the secondary constraint is as follows: based on the rated capacity of the transformer in the distribution area, the upper limit of the economic operating load rate of the transformer is set as the high load threshold, and the safe recovery point of the transformer exiting the heavy load state is set as the low load threshold. When the total load rate of the transformer area rises above the high load threshold, the smaller of the initial charging power upper limit and the limit value is used as the final charging power parameter; when the total load rate of the transformer area falls below the low load threshold, the initial charging power upper limit is used as the final charging power parameter. The limiting value is determined as follows: the power value corresponding to the upper limit of the safe operating load of the transformer itself is subtracted from the statistical value of the basic load of residents in the transformer area to obtain the remaining charging capacity available for street light energy storage units. The remaining charging capacity is then divided equally among all street light energy storage units in the transformer area, and the resulting power value is the limiting value. The execution module is used to control the energy storage unit to perform charging based on the final charging power parameters, and to control the surplus power to be fed back to the distribution network when a grid dispatch instruction is received and the remaining power of the energy storage unit meets the minimum lighting guarantee conditions.

8. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the smart street light distributed photovoltaic storage microgrid energy dispatch and grid interaction method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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