Efficient compound planting and breeding system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil in facilities

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of efficient compound breeding systems for solving facility citrus soil secondary salinization, including being arranged in planting ridge and breeding ditch of facility greenhouse, planting ridge and breeding ditch are alternately arranged along the length direction of facility greenhouse.Planting ridge is arranged in the just below of the skylight of facility greenhouse, ridge height is 1.2 meters, ridge surface width is 3.5 meters, citrus is planted on ridge surface, and spraying system is arranged above ridge surface.Breeding ditch is ridge deep ditch area, ditch width is 1 meter, and 50 centimeters of water is stored in it all the year round, and it is connected with water system outside.The root system of citrus is lifted above the influence range of salt evaporation by high ridge planting, and soil salt is discharged by double mechanism of salt washing by spraying and natural leaching by skylight rainwater, and breeding ditch stores water all the year round to reduce ground evaporation and salt return, and summer cooling and winter heat preservation are realized by water circulation.The application effectively solves the problem of facility citrus soil secondary salinization, realizes the three-dimensional compound breeding of citrus planting and aquaculture, and has remarkable economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural production technology, specifically to the field of soil improvement and integrated crop-livestock farming technology in facility agriculture, and particularly to a highly efficient integrated crop-livestock farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil in facility agriculture. Background Technology

[0002] Protected citrus cultivation refers to an agricultural production method that utilizes greenhouses, polytunnels, and other protective facilities to grow citrus fruits. This method enables delayed harvesting and year-round supply of citrus, significantly improving the economic benefits of citrus cultivation. However, while bringing economic benefits, protected citrus cultivation also faces the increasingly serious problem of secondary soil salinization.

[0003] The existing citrus cultivation system mainly has the following problems: First, the greenhouse film needs to be manually removed to regulate the temperature and humidity inside, which is costly and inconvenient, hindering precise management of temperature and humidity. Even after installing film-rolling rods, the top windows are still difficult to open fully, resulting in dead film areas. These dead film areas have extremely poor air circulation and are the areas where soil salinization is most prominent.

[0004] Secondly, the presence of greenhouse film reduces natural air circulation, leading to uneven humidity distribution within the facility and excessively high humidity in some areas. This makes it easy for bacteria to grow, resulting in a high incidence of pests and diseases within the greenhouse, which seriously affects the yield and quality of citrus.

[0005] Third, greenhouses, due to their plastic film covering, are prone to extreme high temperatures in summer and extreme low temperatures in winter due to the dryness of the air and soil caused by the greenhouses' protection from rain. In citrus-growing areas on the northern edge of the region, such as Zhejiang, the cultivation of late-maturing, high-quality hybrid citrus varieties faces significant challenges due to temperature stress.

[0006] Fourth, during seasons with high rainfall (such as the spring plum rain season and the summer and autumn typhoon season), in order to protect flowers and fruits and control fruit cracking, the greenhouse film is usually closed, resulting in a sustained high temperature inside the greenhouse, high ground evaporation, and lack of natural leaching by rainwater. This easily leads to secondary salinization of the soil inside the greenhouse, which is not conducive to the normal growth of citrus in the greenhouse.

[0007] Fifth, the existing suspended micro-sprinkler equipment installed in the facilities can only provide irrigation water and cannot effectively wash away the salt in the soil, thus having a limited effect on preventing soil salinization.

[0008] Sixth, the southern citrus producing areas have abundant rainfall resources, but as fruit trees are perennial crops, the return cycle is slow in the early, non-production stage, the production products are single, the operating pressure is high, and the long-term single production model is not conducive to the risk resistance of the park.

[0009] Currently, there are some technical solutions for the remediation of secondary salinization in facility-grown soils. These include soil improvement through the application of pH adjusters, fertilizers, and loosening agents combined with rotary tillage; or the removal of salt through underground drainage systems. However, these solutions are all post-remediation measures and require additional investment in engineering equipment and materials, resulting in high costs. They cannot achieve source prevention and long-term control of soil salinization. Furthermore, existing technologies do not yet include a combined farming system that integrates facility-grown citrus cultivation with aquaculture, achieving dynamic salt regulation through system structure design.

[0010] To address the aforementioned deficiencies and shortcomings of existing citrus cultivation systems in greenhouses, this invention provides a highly efficient integrated farming system for resolving secondary soil salinization in greenhouse citrus cultivation. This invention aims to solve the following technical problems: (1) Solve the problem of soil salinization in existing greenhouse facilities and enable effective drainage of salt in the garden; (2) Stabilize the environmental parameters inside the greenhouse through the circulating water system to alleviate high temperature stress in summer and low temperature freezing damage in winter; (3) By adopting a composite three-dimensional farming model, the benefits of land and water resources can be maximized, thereby increasing the company's operating efficiency and reducing operating risks. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In view of this, the present invention provides a highly efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil in facilities.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A highly efficient integrated planting and breeding system for solving secondary salinization of soil in greenhouse citrus orchards includes planting ridges and breeding ditches set up inside the greenhouse, wherein the planting ridges and the breeding ditches are arranged alternately along the length of the greenhouse.

[0013] The planting ridges are located directly below the skylights on both sides of the greenhouse, with a height of 1.2 meters and a width of 3.5 meters. Citrus fruits are planted on the ridges. A sprinkler system is installed 50 centimeters above the ridge surface for leaching and irrigating the planting ridges.

[0014] The aquaculture ditch is a deep ditch area between ridges, with a ditch width of 1 meter. The aquaculture ditch stores water to a height of 50 centimeters all year round. The aquaculture ditch is connected to the external water system to realize the circulation and free storage of water.

[0015] Furthermore, the aquaculture ditch is used to cultivate aquatic products, including crayfish and / or soft-shelled turtles.

[0016] Furthermore, the height of the planting ridge is from 70 cm below ground level to 50 cm above ground level, the citrus root growth area is located within 60 cm below ground level, the water body of the aquaculture ditch is located in the area below 70 cm below ground level, and the citrus root growth area of ​​the planting ridge and the water body of the aquaculture ditch do not overlap in the vertical direction.

[0017] Furthermore, when the spray system irrigates the planting ridges by washing away salt, the saline body formed by dissolving soil salts flows through the surface of the planting ridges into the aquaculture ditch.

[0018] Furthermore, the water in the breeding ditch is circulated to cool the inside of the greenhouse in summer and to keep it warm in winter.

[0019] Furthermore, rainwater from below the skylights of the greenhouse falls into the planting ridges, naturally leaching salts from the ridges. The resulting saline water then flows into the aquaculture ditch.

[0020] Furthermore, the salt and nutrients contained in the saline water flowing into the aquaculture ditch are consumed by the aquatic organisms in the ditch.

[0021] Furthermore, the excrement from the aquatic organisms in the aquaculture ditch is supplied as fertilizer to the citrus trees on the planting ridges.

[0022] The working principle of this invention is as follows: This invention achieves the prevention and control of secondary salinization in greenhouse citrus soils and efficient integrated farming through the following mechanisms: (1) Salt control mechanism. The planting ridges adopt a high-ridge planting method (ridge height 1.2 meters), which raises the citrus root growth area above the ground, effectively reducing the impact of salt evaporation and upward movement caused by rising groundwater level on the citrus root system (within 60 cm). The water body in the aquaculture ditch is located below the ground level (less than 70 cm), and does not overlap with the citrus root growth area in the vertical direction, thus eliminating the conflict between the growth areas.

[0023] (2) Salt leaching and drainage mechanism. On the one hand, daily irrigation is carried out through a sprinkler system installed on the planting ridges to leach salt, dissolving the salt in the soil of the planting ridges. The salt flows into the aquaculture ditch with the water and is then discharged. On the other hand, during the rainy season, rainwater falls directly into the planting ridges located directly below the skylights after the skylights are opened, naturally leaching salt into the planting ridges. The saline body formed by leaching also flows into the aquaculture ditch. By combining sprinkler leaching and rainwater leaching, the salt content of the planting ridges is effectively reduced.

[0024] (3) Temperature and humidity control mechanism. The aquaculture ditch stores water all year round. The water has a large heat capacity and a relatively stable temperature, which can reduce evaporation from the ground inside the shed and reduce the risk of salt return from the source. At the same time, through water circulation, the water absorbs heat in summer and circulates to achieve cooling inside the facility. In winter, the water releases the stored heat to achieve heat preservation, effectively alleviating the problem of high temperature stress in summer and low temperature freezing damage in winter for facility citrus.

[0025] (4) Integrated planting and breeding cycle mechanism. Fertilizer and water supply for citrus growth; the saline water formed by rainwater leaching under the skylight flows into the breeding ditch, and the salt and nutrients contained in the water are used for crayfish, soft-shelled turtles and other aquatic products; the excrement of aquatic products can be used as organic fertilizer for citrus, forming a material recycling model of "planting-breeding-planting" to maximize the benefits of land and water resources.

[0026] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: (1) Highly efficient three-dimensional farming with significant economic benefits. This invention organically combines facility-grown citrus with aquaculture, realizing three-dimensional composite farming within the same facility space. Citrus grown on ridges can be marketed year-round, while crayfish, soft-shelled turtles, and other high-value-added aquatic products can be raised in the aquaculture ditches. Land and water resources are fully utilized, significantly improving the economic benefits per unit area and reducing the risk of operating a single product.

[0027] (2) Effectively solve the problem of soil salinization in the facility. This invention raises the citrus root system above the range affected by salt evaporation by planting on raised beds. The soil salt is discharged in time through a dual mechanism of spraying to wash salt and natural leaching by rainwater through skylights. The breeding ditches store water all year round, which reduces the upward movement of salt caused by ground evaporation. The multiple measures control the occurrence of secondary soil salinization from the source.

[0028] (3) Alleviating high temperature stress and low temperature freezing damage. The water in the breeding ditch has a large heat capacity. The water circulation system can achieve cooling in summer and insulation in winter, which can effectively improve the microclimate environment in the facility and solve the problem of extreme high temperature in summer and extreme low temperature in winter for existing citrus. It is especially suitable for the cultivation of late-maturing and excellent hybrid citrus varieties in the northern citrus planting areas such as Zhejiang.

[0029] (4) Low production and management costs. This invention utilizes the existing structure (skylight) of the facility greenhouse and natural rainfall for salt washing, without the need for additional complex engineering equipment and material input; the water circulation in the aquaculture ditch can be achieved using the natural terrain and existing water system, resulting in low operating costs and simple management.

[0030] (5) Ecological and environmental protection, sustainable development. This invention forms an ecological agricultural model of "citrus planting - aquaculture - material recycling", realizing the resource utilization of agricultural waste, which meets the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the high-efficiency integrated farming system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a data table for planting and breeding using the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Planting ridge / ridge width; 2-Aquaculture ditch / ridge spacing; 3-Aquaculture ditch water surface; 4-Ridge height; 5-Row spacing. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The system structure of this invention mainly includes the following parts (see appendix). Figure 1 ): 1. Planting ridge / ridge width: The planting ridge is 3.5 meters wide and 1.2 meters high (from 70 centimeters below the ground to 50 centimeters above the ground), located directly below the skylights on both sides of the greenhouse; 2. Spacing between breeding ditches / ridges: The breeding ditch is 1 meter wide and is a deep ditch area between ridges; 3. Water level in the aquaculture ditch: The water level in the aquaculture ditch is approximately 50 cm high year-round; 4. Ridge height: The total height of the planting ridge is 1.2 meters; 5. Row spacing: Planting ridges and breeding ditches are arranged alternately. Example 1 This embodiment provides a highly efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of soil in facility-grown citrus orchards, which is applied in a facility-grown citrus orchard in Zhejiang Province.

[0035] System structure: Inside the greenhouse, planting ridges and breeding ditches are alternately arranged along the length of the greenhouse. The planting ridges are located directly below the skylights on both sides of the greenhouse, with a ridge height of 1.2 meters (70 centimeters below ground to 50 centimeters above ground) and a ridge width of 3.5 meters. The breeding ditches are deep trenches between the ridges, with a ditch width of 1 meter. The water level in the breeding ditches is 50 centimeters high year-round. The breeding ditches are connected to the external water system, allowing for water circulation and flexible water storage.

[0036] Late-maturing hybrid citrus varieties (such as "Xiangshan Red" oranges) are planted on the planting ridges, and a sprinkler system is installed 50 centimeters above the ridge surface. Crayfish are raised in the aquaculture ditches.

[0037] Operating method: In daily management, the planting ridges are regularly irrigated with a sprinkler system to leach salts from the soil, dissolving the accumulated salts. The saline water then flows along the ridge surface into the aquaculture ditch. During the spring rainy season and the summer and autumn typhoon season, the greenhouse skylights are opened as needed, allowing rainwater to fall directly into the planting ridges below, naturally leaching salts from the ridges. The resulting saline water also flows into the aquaculture ditch.

[0038] The aquaculture ditch stores water year-round. Through water circulation, the temperature inside the greenhouse can be reduced by 3-5℃ in summer and increased by 2-4℃ in winter, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of extreme temperatures on citrus growth.

[0039] The salt and nutrients in the saline water flowing into the aquaculture ditch are used as food for the crayfish; the crayfish's excrement serves as organic fertilizer and is supplied to the citrus trees planted on the ridges through the water circulation.

[0040] Effect evaluation: After two consecutive years of operation, the EC value (electrical conductivity) of the soil in the planting ridges decreased by more than 40% compared to traditional facility cultivation methods, and no significant secondary soil salinization was observed. Citrus yield increased by 15%-20%, and the soluble solids content of the fruit reached over 14.5%. The annual yield of crayfish in the aquaculture ditches reached 150-200 kg per mu. The overall economic benefits were more than 50% higher than those of single-facility citrus cultivation.

[0041] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that soft-shelled turtles are raised in the aquaculture ditch instead of crayfish. Soft-shelled turtles have high requirements for water quality, and the water in the aquaculture ditch needs to maintain good flow and dissolved oxygen levels. In this embodiment, the circulation frequency between the aquaculture ditch and the external water system is appropriately increased to ensure that the aquaculture water quality meets the growth requirements of the soft-shelled turtles.

[0042] The turtle's excrement can also be used as organic fertilizer for citrus trees, and the nutrients in the saline soil can also be consumed by the turtles. Practical experience has verified that this embodiment has achieved good results in controlling soil salinization and significant economic benefits.

[0043] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: different combinations of citrus varieties with different maturity periods are planted on the planting ridges, including early-maturing and late-maturing varieties, to achieve staggered market entry, further extend the product supply cycle, and enhance market competitiveness. Crayfish and soft-shelled turtles are simultaneously raised in the aquaculture ditches, forming a three-dimensional aquaculture model.

[0044] Example 4 Salt content improvement: Soil salinity was reduced, with a concentration of 2.36 ms / cm in conventionally covered greenhouses and 0.91 ms / cm in integrated crop-livestock farming. The average yield of crayfish per mu is 150 kg, and the output value per mu is 4,178 yuan. The yield of Red Beauty grapes is 3.5 tons per mu, with a value of 56,000 yuan per mu.

[0045] Example 5 like Figure 2 As shown, under both cultivation methods, the appearance, color, single fruit weight, peel thickness, longitudinal and transverse diameters, edible rate, vitamin C content, and fruit shape index of the Red Beauty jujube fruit were not significantly affected, indicating that the appearance and marketability are minimally affected by the cultivation method. However, in terms of internal quality, the integrated crop-livestock cultivation method significantly increased sugar content and decreased acidity, resulting in a significantly higher sugar-to-acid ratio compared to the conventional greenhouse cultivation method. This demonstrates that the integrated crop-livestock cultivation method can significantly improve the flavor and taste of Red Beauty jujube, making the fruit sweeter and less acidic.

[0046] Industrial applicability The highly efficient integrated farming system of this invention is suitable for citrus-producing areas in southern China, especially for protected citrus cultivation in northern citrus-growing regions such as Zhejiang. The system has a reasonable structure, reliable operation, and simple management, and has good prospects for widespread application and significant economic, social, and ecological benefits.

[0047] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and is not intended to limit it. Any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil in greenhouses, characterized in that, include: Planting ridges and breeding ditches are set up inside the greenhouse, and the planting ridges and breeding ditches are arranged alternately along the length of the greenhouse; The planting ridges are located directly below the skylights on both sides of the greenhouse. The ridges are 1.2 meters high and 3.5 meters wide. Citrus fruits are planted on the surface of the planting ridges. The aquaculture ditch is a deep ditch area between ridges, with a ditch width of 1 meter. The aquaculture ditch stores water with a height of 50 centimeters all year round. The aquaculture ditch is connected to the external water system to realize water circulation and water storage. A sprinkler system is installed 50 centimeters above the surface of the planting ridges to irrigate the ridges by washing away salt.

2. The efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquaculture ditch is used to cultivate aquatic products, including crayfish and / or soft-shelled turtles.

3. The efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the planting ridge is from 70 cm below ground to 50 cm above ground. The citrus root growth area is located within 60 cm below ground. The water body of the aquaculture ditch is located in the area below 70 cm below ground. The citrus root growth area of ​​the planting ridge and the water body of the aquaculture ditch do not overlap in the vertical direction.

4. The efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the spray system irrigates the planting ridges by washing away salt, the saline body formed by dissolving soil salts flows through the surface of the planting ridges into the aquaculture ditch.

5. The efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water in the aquaculture ditch is circulated to cool the inside of the greenhouse in summer and to keep it warm in winter.

6. The efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rainwater from below the skylights of the greenhouse falls into the planting ridges, naturally leaching salts from the ridges. The resulting saline water then flows into the aquaculture ditch.

7. The efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that: The salt and nutrients contained in the saline body flowing into the aquaculture ditch are used as food for the aquatic organisms in the ditch.

8. The efficient integrated farming system for solving secondary salinization of citrus soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The excrement from the aquatic organisms in the aquaculture ditch is used as fertilizer to supply the citrus trees on the planting ridges.

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