Flue gas treatment plant

Abstract

The application discloses a flue gas treatment equipment, solves the problem that independent differentiated humidification control cannot be carried out according to the actual humidity state of catalysts in each fixed bed reactor device. It comprises: a plurality of fixed bed reactor devices; an air inlet pipeline; an air outlet pipeline; each fixed bed reactor device is provided with a flue gas humidification device in one-to-one correspondence, the flue gas humidification device is used for spraying humidification medium to the flue gas to be treated of the corresponding fixed bed reactor to carry out humidification; and the flue gas humidification device is connected with a humidification control device, the humidification control device is configured to control the flue gas humidification device in cooperation according to the humidity state of the corresponding catalyst, when the corresponding catalyst is in a set humid state, the flue gas humidification device is controlled to stop humidification or reduce the humidification amount, when the corresponding catalyst is in a set dry state, the flue gas humidification device is controlled to carry out normal humidification. The humidification medium is saved, the operation cost is reduced, and the fine operation management of the equipment is beneficial.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas treatment technology, specifically to flue gas treatment equipment, and to a humidification control method and device for the flue gas treatment equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Catalytic flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technology, a promising desulfurization technology, operates on the principle that sulfur dioxide, water, and oxygen in the flue gas are adsorbed onto a catalyst and react to form sulfuric acid under the catalytic action of the catalyst's active components. When the sulfuric acid adhering to the catalyst reaches a certain level, a regeneration solution (usually dilute sulfuric acid and / or water) can be used to wash the catalyst, removing the adhering sulfuric acid and releasing the active sites. The used regeneration solution (usually dilute sulfuric acid) can then be reused as a byproduct.

[0003] When applying catalytic flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technology to practical engineering projects, specialized FGD devices are required. The structure and principle of FGD devices have been disclosed in detail in patent documents such as CN115121112A and CN217287909U. In general, a catalytic FGD device includes: multiple fixed-bed reactor units; an inlet pipeline for supplying the flue gas to be treated to each fixed-bed reactor unit, comprising a main inlet pipe (with a separate humidifier) ​​and corresponding branch inlet pipes connecting the main inlet pipe to the inlet of each fixed-bed reactor unit, each branch inlet pipe having a corresponding opening and closing control mechanism; and an exhaust pipeline for collecting the treated flue gas. Each fixed-bed reactor unit comprises: a reactor body, which has an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a liquid outlet, and a catalyst loading space within the reactor body. The reactor body is equipped with a catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device for washing and regenerating the catalyst in the catalyst loading space. The reactor body is internally divided into a gas distribution layer, a catalyst placement layer, and an overflow layer from bottom to top. The catalyst is supported by a support structure and placed in the catalyst placement layer above the gas distribution layer. During the reaction, the flue gas to be treated enters the gas distribution layer through the air inlet, then disperses upwards through the catalyst to become treated flue gas, enters the overflow layer, and exits through the exhaust outlet. When the catalytic flue gas desulfurization unit is operating, the flue gas to be treated is humidified by a separate humidifier on the main inlet pipe before entering through the air inlet at the bottom of each reactor body. It then passes upwards through the catalyst to become treated flue gas, and exits through the exhaust outlet at the top of each reactor body. This "unified humidification of the main inlet pipe" configuration is a standard practice in the field of catalytic flue gas desulfurization.

[0004] However, the inventors discovered that during the actual operation of catalytic flue gas desulfurization (FGD) units, each fixed-bed reactor needs to undergo catalyst washing and regeneration in turn. Therefore, at any given time, the catalysts in each fixed-bed reactor often exhibit different humidity levels. For example, catalysts that have just undergone washing and regeneration are in a moist state, while catalysts that have not undergone washing and regeneration for a long period are in a relatively dry state. However, existing technologies employ a "unified humidification via the main inlet pipe" model, where humidifiers are installed on the main inlet pipe, and the flue gas to be treated is uniformly humidified before entering each fixed-bed reactor. This architecture dictates that regardless of how the humidifiers on the main inlet pipe are adjusted, the humidity of the flue gas received by all fixed-bed reactors remains the same, making it impossible to independently differentiate based on the actual humidity state of the catalysts in each fixed-bed reactor. In reality, the catalysts that have just undergone washing and regeneration are already moist, eliminating the need to further humidify the flue gas entering that fixed-bed reactor. The existing architecture cannot achieve this targeted humidification control, resulting in wasted humidification media, increased operating costs, and hindering refined operation and management of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide flue gas treatment equipment, as well as a humidification control method and humidification control device for the flue gas treatment equipment, to solve the problem that the existing technology adopts the mode of "unified humidification of the main air inlet pipe" and cannot perform independent differentiated humidification control according to the actual humidity state of the catalyst in each fixed bed reactor device.

[0006] In a first aspect, a flue gas treatment device is provided, comprising: multiple fixed-bed reactor units; an inlet pipeline for supplying flue gas to be treated to each fixed-bed reactor unit, the inlet pipeline including a main inlet pipe and inlet branch pipes correspondingly connected between the main inlet pipe and the inlet of each fixed-bed reactor unit, each inlet branch pipe being provided with an opening and closing control mechanism; and an exhaust pipeline for collecting treated flue gas; wherein each fixed-bed reactor unit includes: a reactor body having an inlet, an exhaust port, a drain port, and a catalyst loading space located within the reactor body, the reactor body being provided with a catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device for washing and regenerating the catalyst in the catalyst loading space; during the reaction, the flue gas to be treated... The gas enters the reactor body through the inlet and undergoes a catalytic reaction with the catalyst to become treated flue gas, which is then discharged through the outlet. When the catalyst is washed and regenerated, the reaction products enter the catalyst regeneration liquid and are discharged through the outlet. Each of the fixed-bed reactors is equipped with a flue gas humidification device, which is used to spray a humidifying medium into the flue gas to be treated in the corresponding fixed-bed reactor for humidification. Furthermore, the flue gas humidification device is connected to a humidification control device, which is configured to control the flue gas humidification device in conjunction with the humidity state of the corresponding catalyst. When the corresponding catalyst is in a set humidified state, the device is controlled to stop humidifying or reduce the humidification amount. When the corresponding catalyst is in a set dry state, the device is controlled to humidify normally.

[0007] In the first aspect of the flue gas treatment equipment, by setting up a flue gas humidification device for each fixed-bed reactor and configuring a humidification control device to coordinately control each flue gas humidification device according to the humidity state of the corresponding catalyst, independent and differentiated humidification control for each fixed-bed reactor is achieved. When the catalyst in a certain fixed-bed reactor is in a set humidified state (e.g., just after washing and regeneration), the corresponding flue gas humidification device stops humidifying or reduces the humidification rate; when the catalyst is in a set dry state, the corresponding flue gas humidification device humidifies normally. This configuration avoids unnecessary humidification of the humidified catalyst, saves humidification medium, reduces operating costs, and facilitates refined operation and management of the equipment.

[0008] Secondly, a humidification control method for a flue gas treatment device is provided. The flue gas treatment device includes multiple fixed-bed reactor units, an inlet pipe, and an exhaust pipe. The inlet pipe includes a main inlet pipe and branch inlet pipes connected one-to-one between the main inlet pipe and the inlet of each fixed-bed reactor unit. Each branch inlet pipe is equipped with an opening and closing control mechanism. Each fixed-bed reactor unit includes a reactor body, which has an inlet, an exhaust port, a liquid outlet, and a catalyst loading space within the reactor body. The reactor body is provided with a mechanism for humidifying the catalyst in the catalyst loading space. A catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device for washing and regeneration; each of the fixed-bed reactor devices is equipped with a corresponding flue gas humidification device, which is used to spray a humidifying medium into the flue gas to be treated in the corresponding fixed-bed reactor for humidification; the method includes: coordinating the control of the flue gas humidification devices corresponding to each fixed-bed reactor device according to the humidity state of the catalyst in each fixed-bed reactor device; wherein, for fixed-bed reactor devices where the catalyst is in a set humidified state, the corresponding flue gas humidification device is controlled to stop humidification or reduce the humidification amount; for fixed-bed reactor devices where the catalyst is in a set dry state, the corresponding flue gas humidification device is controlled to humidify normally.

[0009] In the second aspect, the humidification control method for flue gas treatment equipment involves coordinated control of the flue gas humidification devices corresponding to each fixed-bed reactor based on the humidity state of the catalyst in each reactor. This achieves independent and differentiated humidification control for each fixed-bed reactor. For fixed-bed reactors where the catalyst is in a set humidified state (e.g., just after washing and regeneration), the corresponding flue gas humidification device is controlled to stop humidifying or reduce the humidification rate. For fixed-bed reactors where the catalyst is in a set dry state, the corresponding flue gas humidification device is controlled to humidify normally. This control method avoids unnecessary humidification of the humidified catalyst, saves humidification media, reduces operating costs, and facilitates refined operation and management of the equipment.

[0010] Thirdly, a humidification control device is provided, comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; and a processor for executing the computer program to implement the humidification control method of the flue gas treatment device described in the second aspect.

[0011] The third aspect of the humidification control device, by implementing the humidification control method of the second aspect mentioned above, coordinates the corresponding flue gas humidification device according to the humidity state of the catalyst in each fixed-bed reactor, thereby achieving independent and differentiated humidification control for each fixed-bed reactor, avoiding unnecessary humidification of the humidified catalyst, saving humidification medium, reducing operating costs, and facilitating the refined operation and management of the equipment.

[0012] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages provided by the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to aid in understanding the invention. The contents provided in the drawings and their related descriptions in this specification can be used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first embodiment of the flue gas treatment equipment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0016] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the working principle of the three-position three-way solenoid directional valve in the flue gas treatment equipment.

[0017] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the humidification control device in the flue gas treatment equipment.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of the flue gas treatment equipment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of the U-shaped water seal section.

[0020] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The diagram shows a top view of a flue gas humidification device in a flue gas treatment system.

[0021] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Elevation view of the flue gas humidification device shown.

[0022] Figure 9 for Figure 7 Sectional view along the BB direction.

[0023] Figure 10 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle of the flue gas humidification device shown.

[0024] The components are labeled as follows: fixed bed reactor device 11, gas distribution layer 111, overflow layer 112, catalyst 113, air inlet pipe 12, main air inlet pipe 121, horizontal main pipe 1211, vertical main pipe 1212, air inlet branch pipe 122, U-shaped water seal 123, water atomizing humidification component 21, water vapor humidification component 22, humidification pipe 211, atomizing nozzle 212, water supply main pipe 31, water supply main pipe 32, water seal water supply branch pipe 33, humidification water supply branch pipe 34, three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35, first throttle valve 36, second throttle valve 37. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be particularly noted that: The technical solutions and features provided in the various sections, including the following description, can be combined with each other without conflict. Furthermore, where possible, these technical solutions, features, and related combinations can be given specific technical subject matter and protected by relevant patents.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention described below are generally only some embodiments and not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of patent protection.

[0027] The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and any variations thereof in this specification, the corresponding claims, and related sections are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. Other related terms and units can be reasonably interpreted based on the relevant content provided in this specification.

[0028] See Figures 1 to 4 This embodiment provides a flue gas treatment device, which is a catalytic flue gas desulfurization device used to desulfurize flue gas containing sulfur dioxide.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the flue gas treatment equipment includes multiple fixed-bed reactor devices 11, an inlet pipe 12, and an exhaust pipe. In this embodiment, there are six fixed-bed reactor devices 11, arranged vertically in three rows of two each. However, the invention is not limited to this, and the number and arrangement of the fixed-bed reactor devices 11 can be set according to actual treatment requirements.

[0030] The inlet pipe 12 is used to supply the flue gas to be treated to each fixed-bed reactor unit 11. The inlet pipe 12 includes a main inlet pipe 121 and inlet branch pipes 122 connected one-to-one between the main inlet pipe 121 and the inlet of each fixed-bed reactor unit 11. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the main inlet pipe 121 has a horizontal main pipe 1211 and a vertical main pipe 1212 connected in series. The vertical main pipe 1212 is located between two fixed-bed reactor devices 11 in each row. Each inlet branch pipe 122 branches off from the vertical main pipe 1212 and is connected to the air inlet at the lower part of the corresponding fixed-bed reactor device 11. Each inlet branch pipe 122 is equipped with a corresponding opening and closing control mechanism, which is used to control the opening and closing of the corresponding inlet branch pipe 122, thereby controlling whether the flue gas to be treated enters the corresponding fixed-bed reactor device 11.

[0031] In this embodiment, the opening and closing control mechanism includes a U-shaped water seal 123. For example... Figure 1 As shown, each intake branch pipe 122 is equipped with a U-shaped water seal 123 (the U-shaped water seal 123 forms part of its respective intake branch pipe 122). The U-shaped water seal 123 controls the opening and closing of the intake branch pipe 122 by controlling the water level inside it. When the water level inside the U-shaped water seal 123 reaches a set height, the U-shaped water seal 123 forms a liquid seal, blocking the flow of the flue gas to be treated, and the opening and closing control mechanism is in the closed state. When the water level inside the U-shaped water seal 123 drops below the set height, the flue gas to be treated can pass through the U-shaped water seal 123, and the opening and closing control mechanism is in the open state. The U-shaped water seal 123 has a water inlet structure and a water outlet structure. The water inlet structure is used to inject water into the U-shaped water seal 123 to raise the water level, and the water outlet structure is used to drain the water from the U-shaped water seal 123 to lower the water level.

[0032] In this embodiment, no humidifier is installed on the intake manifold 121, which is different from the configuration mode of "uniform humidification of the intake manifold" in the prior art.

[0033] The exhaust piping is used to collect the treated flue gas. The exhaust piping includes a main exhaust pipe and branch exhaust pipes that connect one-to-one between the main exhaust pipe and the exhaust port of each fixed-bed reactor unit 11. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the exhaust manifold is located on the upper side or top of each fixed bed reactor device 11, and each exhaust branch pipe collects the treated flue gas discharged from the top of the corresponding fixed bed reactor device 11 into the exhaust manifold for unified discharge.

[0034] Each fixed-bed reactor unit 11 includes a reactor body. The reactor body has an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a liquid outlet, and a catalyst loading space located within the reactor body. A catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device is provided on the reactor body for washing and regenerating the catalyst 113 in the catalyst loading space. The catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device is located at the top of the reactor body and is used to spray regeneration liquid onto the catalyst 113 in the catalyst loading space for washing and regeneration. The regeneration liquid is typically dilute sulfuric acid and / or water.

[0035] In this embodiment, the reactor body is divided into a gas distribution layer 111, a catalyst placement layer, and an overflow layer 112 from bottom to top. The catalyst 113 is supported by a support structure and placed in the catalyst placement layer above the gas distribution layer 111. The support structure can be in the form of a grid, support beam, etc., so that the catalyst 113 can be stably placed in the catalyst placement layer, while allowing the flue gas to pass vertically.

[0036] During the reaction, the flue gas to be treated enters the gas distribution layer 111 through the inlet, disperses within the layer, and then passes upwards through the catalyst 113 in the catalyst placement layer. Sulfur dioxide, water, and oxygen in the flue gas are adsorbed onto the catalyst 113 and react under the catalytic action of the active components to produce sulfuric acid, thus completing the desulfurization reaction. The flue gas after the catalytic reaction becomes treated flue gas, enters the overflow layer 112, and is discharged from the exhaust port. When the catalyst 113 is washed and regenerated, a catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device sprays regeneration liquid onto the catalyst 113. The reaction product, sulfuric acid, enters the catalyst regeneration liquid and is discharged from the drain port. The used regeneration liquid can be reused as a byproduct.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, each fixed-bed reactor device 11 is equipped with a corresponding flue gas humidification device. The flue gas humidification device is used to spray a humidifying medium into the flue gas to be treated in the corresponding fixed-bed reactor device 11 for humidification. In this embodiment, each flue gas humidification device is disposed in the gas distribution layer 111 of the corresponding fixed-bed reactor device 11, and is used to spray a humidifying medium into the flue gas to be treated entering the gas distribution layer 111 for humidification.

[0038] The above content can be understood in conjunction with patent documents with publication numbers CN115121112A and CN217287909U. These relate to the basic structure of the fixed-bed reactor device 11, the working principle of the U-shaped water seal 123, the washing and regeneration process of the catalyst 113, the arrangement of multiple fixed-bed reactor devices 11, and the configuration of the inlet pipe 12 and the exhaust pipe, among other technical aspects. Those skilled in the art can refer to the relevant technical content disclosed in the aforementioned patent documents, in conjunction with the description in this specification, to better understand the technical solution and implementation methods of the present invention.

[0039] The flue gas humidification device in this embodiment includes a water atomization humidification component 21. The water atomization humidification component 21 atomizes water and uses it as a humidification medium. The flue gas humidification device has a water atomization humidification mode. In the water atomization humidification mode, the water atomization humidification component 21 operates when the flue gas humidification device is humidifying.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged view at point A shows the specific structure of the flue gas humidification device in the air distribution layer 111. The water atomizing humidification assembly 21 includes a humidification pipe 211 and an atomizing nozzle 212 connected to the humidification pipe 211. The humidification pipe 211 extends horizontally within the air distribution layer 111. The atomizing nozzle 212 is a spiral nozzle, which atomizes water into fine water mist particles, ensuring thorough mixing of the water mist with the flue gas to be treated and improving humidification efficiency. Figures 1-2 As shown, numerous atomizing nozzles 212 are distributed on the humidification pipe 211, and these atomizing nozzles 212 are arranged downwards, covering the entire cross-section of the air distribution layer 111. The number and spacing of the atomizing nozzles 212 can be adjusted according to the size of the air distribution layer 111 and the humidification requirements.

[0041] In this embodiment, since both the U-shaped water seal 123 and the water atomizing humidification component 21 require water, in order to simplify the water supply system and achieve coordinated control of the two, the same water supply pipeline is connected between any pair of corresponding U-shaped water seals 123 and water atomizing humidification components 21. Here, "corresponding" refers to the matching relationship between U-shaped water seals 123 and water atomizing humidification components 21 belonging to the same fixed-bed reactor device 11. Specifically, each fixed-bed reactor device 11 is equipped with a U-shaped water seal 123 installed on its air inlet branch pipe 122 and a water atomizing humidification component 21 for humidifying the flue gas to be treated in the fixed-bed reactor device 11. These two components jointly serve the same fixed-bed reactor device 11, thus forming a pair of corresponding components. Since the U-shaped water seal 123 and the water atomizing humidification component 21 of the same fixed-bed reactor device 11 are functionally related—when the U-shaped water seal 123 is closed to stop supplying flue gas to the fixed-bed reactor device 11, the corresponding water atomizing humidification component 21 does not need to work; while when the U-shaped water seal 123 is opened to allow flue gas to enter, the corresponding water atomizing humidification component 21 needs to humidify—therefore, connecting the U-shaped water seal 123 and the water atomizing humidification component 21 belonging to the same fixed-bed reactor device 11 to the same water supply pipeline can simplify the pipeline layout and facilitate the coordinated control of the two.

[0042] It should be noted that other expressions involving "mutual correspondence" or "correspondence" in this specification, such as "each fixed bed reactor device 11 is equipped with a flue gas humidification device in a one-to-one correspondence", "corresponding to the humidity state of the catalyst 113", "corresponding to the opening and closing state of the opening and closing control mechanism", all have similar meanings, that is, they refer to the matching relationship between different parts, states or parameters belonging to the same fixed bed reactor device 11.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the flue gas treatment equipment also includes a main water supply pipe 31. The main water supply pipe 31 extends along the arrangement direction of each fixed bed reactor device 11, providing a unified water supply source for each fixed bed reactor device 11. The main water supply pipe 32 between each group of corresponding U-shaped water seals 123 and water atomizing humidification components 21 branches off from the main water supply pipe 31 sequentially along the extension direction of the main water supply pipe 31.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the aforementioned water supply pipeline includes a main water supply pipe 32 and a water-sealed water supply branch pipe 33 and a humidifying water supply branch pipe 34 branching off from the main water supply pipe 32. The water-sealed water supply branch pipe 33 is connected to the water inlet structure of the U-shaped water seal 123 and is used to supply water to the U-shaped water seal 123. The humidifying water supply branch pipe 34 is connected to the water atomizing humidification assembly 21 and is used to supply water to the water atomizing humidification assembly 21. Control valve assemblies are provided on the water-sealed water supply branch pipe 33 and the humidifying water supply branch pipe 34. In the water atomizing humidification mode, the control valve assemblies control the water-sealed water supply branch pipe 33 and the humidifying water supply branch pipe 34 to alternately conduct mutually exclusively.

[0045] By setting up a unified water supply main pipe 31 as a common water supply source, the main water supply pipes 32 of each fixed bed reactor device 11 can be branched off from the same main water supply pipe 31, eliminating the need to set up independent water supply pipelines for each fixed bed reactor device 11, thereby significantly reducing the total number and length of pipelines. At the same time, since the main water supply pipe 31 extends along the arrangement direction of each fixed bed reactor device 11, the access points of each main water supply pipe 32 can be arranged nearby, shortening the length of each main water supply pipe 32 and further simplifying the pipeline structure.

[0046] In this embodiment, the control valve assembly consists of a single three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35. The three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 has an inlet P, a first outlet A, and a second outlet B. The inlet P is connected to the main water supply pipe 32, the first outlet A is connected to the water seal water supply branch 33, and the second outlet B is connected to the humidification water supply branch 34. The three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 also has a first solenoid coil Y1 and a second solenoid coil Y2, which are used to control the switching of the valve core, respectively.

[0047] The three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 has a first working position, a second working position, and a neutral position. When the first solenoid coil Y1 is energized, the three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 switches to the first working position. In the first working position, the inlet P and the first outlet A are connected, and the second outlet B is closed. At this time, the water in the main water supply pipe 32 flows to the inlet structure of the U-shaped water seal 123 through the water seal water supply branch 33 to supply water to the U-shaped water seal 123 to close the opening and closing control mechanism. When the second solenoid coil Y2 is energized, the three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 switches to the second working position. In the second working position, the inlet P and the second outlet B are connected, and the first outlet A is closed. At this time, the water in the main water supply pipe 32 flows to the water atomizing humidification assembly 21 through the humidification water supply branch 34 to humidify the flue gas. When both the first electromagnetic coil Y1 and the second electromagnetic coil Y2 are de-energized, the three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 35 is in the neutral position. In the neutral position, the water inlet P, the first water outlet A, and the second water outlet B are all cut off. At this time, the water in the water supply main pipe 32 does not flow to the U-shaped water seal 123 or to the water atomizing humidification component 21.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, a first throttle valve 36 is also provided on the water seal water supply branch 33. The first throttle valve 36 is located between the first outlet A of the three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 and the water inlet structure of the U-shaped water seal 123. The first throttle valve 36 is used to regulate the water flow to the U-shaped water seal 123 to control the rate at which the water level rises inside the U-shaped water seal 123. A second throttle valve 37 is provided on the humidification water supply branch 34. The second throttle valve 37 is located between the second outlet B of the three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 and the water atomizing humidification component 21. The second throttle valve 37 is used to regulate the water flow to the water atomizing humidification component 21 to control the humidification amount.

[0049] The control valve assembly (three-position three-way solenoid valve 35) between each group of corresponding U-shaped water seals 123 and water atomization humidification components 21 is installed on the outside of the corresponding fixed bed reactor device 11, which is convenient for operators to inspect and maintain.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the flue gas humidification device is connected to the humidification control device. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a humidification control device. The humidification control device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores computer programs. The processor executes the computer programs to implement the humidification control method for the flue gas treatment equipment. The memory and processor are connected via a data bus to achieve data exchange. The humidification control device can employ a programmable logic controller, an industrial computer, or other control equipment with data processing capabilities.

[0051] like Figure 4As shown, the humidification control device is connected to the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 (different three-position three-way solenoid valves 35 are represented by 1, 2...n) of each fixed-bed reactor device 11 via control signals. Each three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 controls the corresponding flue gas humidification device (different flue gas humidification devices are also represented by 1, 2...n). By controlling the valve position of each three-position three-way solenoid valve 35, the humidification control device can coordinately control each flue gas humidification device according to the humidity status of the catalyst 113 in each fixed-bed reactor device 11.

[0052] The humidification control device is configured to coordinate with the flue gas humidification device based on the humidity state of the corresponding catalyst 113. When the corresponding catalyst 113 is in a set humidified state, the humidification control device controls the flue gas humidification device to stop humidifying (controlling the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to the neutral position). When the corresponding catalyst 113 is in a set dry state, the humidification control device controls the flue gas humidification device to humidify normally (controlling the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to the second operating position).

[0053] In this embodiment, the humidification control device is configured such that: within a set time after the corresponding catalyst 113 completes washing and regeneration and the corresponding on / off control mechanism reopens, the corresponding catalyst 113 is considered to be in a set humidified state, thereby controlling the flue gas humidification device to stop humidifying; when the set time has elapsed, the corresponding catalyst 113 is considered to have returned to a set dry state, thereby controlling the flue gas humidification device to resume normal humidification. The set time can be set according to factors such as the characteristics of the catalyst 113, the amount of regenerated liquid, and environmental conditions, for example, it can be set to 1 hour or 2 hours.

[0054] Specifically, the processor of the humidification control device calculates and judges the set time in the following way: when it is detected that the catalyst regeneration liquid spray device of a certain fixed bed reactor device 11 stops working and the corresponding opening and closing control mechanism switches from the closed state to the open state, the processor records the moment as the starting point of the timing and starts the timer corresponding to the fixed bed reactor device 11; the timer starts to accumulate the elapsed time, and the processor compares the current time value of the timer with the preset set time; when the current time value of the timer is less than the set time, the processor determines that the corresponding catalyst 113 is in the set humidification state and outputs a control signal to keep the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 in the middle position; when the current time value of the timer reaches or exceeds the set time, the processor determines that the corresponding catalyst 113 has returned to the set dry state and outputs a control signal to switch the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to the second working position to restore normal humidification, and at the same time resets the timer for use in the next washing and regeneration cycle. Since the flue gas treatment equipment includes multiple fixed-bed reactor devices 11, and the washing and regeneration time of each fixed-bed reactor device 11 is independent of each other, the processor maintains an independent timer for each fixed-bed reactor device 11 to achieve independent timing and independent control of each fixed-bed reactor device 11.

[0055] The technical basis of the above control method is that the inventors' experiments showed that catalyst 113 does not require humidification for a period of time after washing and regeneration. During the washing and regeneration process, a catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device sprays a large amount of regeneration liquid (usually dilute sulfuric acid and / or water) onto catalyst 113. The regeneration liquid fully wets the surface and pore structure of catalyst 113, dissolving and carrying away the sulfuric acid products generated in the reaction, thereby restoring the activity of catalyst 113. After washing and regeneration, although most of the regeneration liquid is discharged through the drain port, a considerable amount of water still remains in the pore structure of catalyst 113, and catalyst 113 is in a highly humid state. When the start-up and shutdown control mechanism is reopened and the flue gas to be treated begins to enter the fixed bed reactor device 11, the water remaining on the surface and in the pores of catalyst 113 can directly participate in the desulfurization reaction, providing sufficient moisture conditions for the adsorption and catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide. At this time, no additional humidification is required to maintain good desulfurization reaction efficiency. As the reaction continues, the residual moisture in catalyst 113 is gradually consumed and evaporated, and the humidity of catalyst 113 gradually decreases. When the residual moisture is consumed to a certain extent, the humidity of catalyst 113 is no longer sufficient to meet the requirements of efficient desulfurization reaction, at which point it is necessary to start the flue gas humidification device for humidification. Under typical operating conditions, the residual moisture in catalyst 113 is sufficient to maintain the normal progress of desulfurization reaction within 1 to 3 hours after washing and regeneration. Humidification during this period is not only unnecessary, but may also lead to excessive humidity in catalyst 113, affecting the uniform distribution of flue gas in the catalyst 113 bed and adversely affecting desulfurization efficiency. Therefore, this embodiment, by setting a set time and stopping humidification within the set time, can make full use of the residual moisture after washing and regeneration of catalyst 113, avoid waste of humidification medium, and prevent the adverse effects of excessive humidity in catalyst 113 on the desulfurization reaction, thus achieving refined and rational humidification control.

[0056] As can be seen from the configuration of the aforementioned water supply pipeline and control valve assembly, the humidification control device is also configured to coordinately control the flue gas humidification device according to the opening and closing status of the corresponding on / off control mechanism. When the corresponding on / off control mechanism is closed to stop the flue gas to be treated from entering the corresponding fixed-bed reactor device 11, the humidification control device controls the flue gas humidification device to stop humidifying. This avoids the waste caused by continuing humidification when the fixed-bed reactor device 11 is not running.

[0057] In another optional embodiment, the humidification control device can also be configured such that when the corresponding catalyst 113 is in a set humidified state, the humidification control device controls the flue gas humidification device to reduce the humidification amount rather than completely stop humidification. Specifically, the humidification control device controls the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to be in the second working position to maintain the conduction state of the humidification water supply branch 34, and at the same time controls the second throttle valve 37 to reduce the opening to reduce the water flow to the water atomization humidification component 21, thereby reducing the humidification amount. When the corresponding catalyst 113 returns to the set dry state, the humidification control device controls the second throttle valve 37 to return to the normal opening, so that the flue gas humidification device resumes the normal humidification amount. This control method is suitable for situations where the catalyst 113 is in a humidified state but still requires a small amount of humidification to maintain the reaction conditions. It can more precisely adjust the humidification amount and avoid adverse effects on the desulfurization reaction efficiency caused by excessively high or low humidity of the catalyst 113. In this embodiment, the second throttle valve 37 is preferably an electrically adjustable valve or an electromagnetic proportional valve, so that the humidification control device can precisely adjust its opening degree through a control signal.

[0058] The working process of the flue gas treatment equipment in this embodiment is as follows: The flue gas to be treated enters the inlet pipe 12 through the main inlet pipe 121, and is then distributed to each inlet branch pipe 122. The U-shaped water seals 123 on each inlet branch pipe 122 are opened or closed according to control requirements by adjusting the water level, allowing the flue gas to selectively enter the corresponding fixed-bed reactor device 11. The flue gas enters the gas distribution layer 111 of the reactor body through the inlet, mixes with the water mist sprayed by the flue gas humidification device in the gas distribution layer 111, and then undergoes a catalytic reaction from bottom to top through the catalyst 113 in the catalyst placement layer. The treated flue gas after the catalytic reaction enters the overflow layer 112, and then exits from the exhaust port, converging through the exhaust branch pipes to the main exhaust pipe for unified discharge.

[0059] During the operation of the flue gas treatment equipment, each fixed-bed reactor 11 needs to take turns washing and regenerating the catalyst 113. When a fixed-bed reactor 11 needs to wash and regenerate the catalyst 113, the humidification control device controls the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to switch to the first working position, supplying water to the U-shaped water seal 123 to close the opening and closing control mechanism, stopping the supply of flue gas to be treated to the fixed-bed reactor 11, and simultaneously stopping the humidification of the flue gas humidification device. Then, the catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device is started to wash and regenerate the catalyst 113.

[0060] After washing and regeneration are completed, water supply to the U-shaped water seal 123 is stopped, and the water inside the U-shaped water seal 123 is drained through the drainage structure, causing the opening and closing control mechanism to reopen and resume supplying the flue gas to be treated to the fixed-bed reactor device 11. Since the catalyst 113, which has just completed washing and regeneration, is in a wet state, the humidification control device controls the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to remain in the neutral position, without humidification. When the catalyst 113 returns to a dry state after the set running time, the humidification control device controls the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to switch to the second working position, resuming normal humidification.

[0061] The flue gas treatment equipment in this embodiment achieves independent and differentiated humidification control for each fixed-bed reactor 11 by providing a corresponding flue gas humidification device for each fixed-bed reactor 11 and configuring a humidification control device to coordinately control each flue gas humidification device according to the humidity state of the corresponding catalyst 113. This configuration avoids unnecessary humidification of the humidified catalyst 113, saves humidification medium, reduces operating costs, and facilitates refined operation and management of the equipment.

[0062] This embodiment simplifies the water supply system structure by connecting the U-shaped water seal 123 and the water atomizing humidification component 21 to the same water supply pipeline and using a three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 to achieve mutually exclusive and alternating control of the two, reducing the number of pipelines and valves, and lowering equipment costs and maintenance difficulty. Simultaneously, since the water seal water supply and humidification water supply do not occur simultaneously, mutual interference of water supply pressure is avoided, ensuring the normal operation of each function.

[0063] The above describes the technical solution of using a water atomizing humidification component 21 for humidification in the flue gas humidification device of this embodiment. Based on this, the flue gas humidification device can also employ other humidification methods, which will be explained below.

[0064] Based on this embodiment, the flue gas humidification device can also be equipped with a steam humidification component, enabling the flue gas humidification device to simultaneously possess both water atomization humidification mode and steam humidification mode. The steam humidification component uses steam as the humidification medium and includes a steam pipe and a steam nozzle connected to the steam pipe. The steam pipe is connected to a steam source and is equipped with a steam control valve. In steam humidification mode, when the corresponding catalyst 113 is in a set humidified state, the steam control valve closes or reduces its opening; when the corresponding catalyst 113 is in a set dry state, the steam control valve opens.

[0065] In another alternative embodiment, the flue gas humidification device may use only a water vapor humidification component for humidification, without providing a water atomization humidification component 21.

[0066] The arrangement of the steam humidification components in the gas distribution layer 111 can be varied. For example, steam pipes can extend horizontally within the gas distribution layer 111, with steam nozzles spaced apart along the pipes' extension direction. Each nozzle faces downwards to spray steam downwards, and the steam mixes with the flue gas entering from the inlet before flowing upwards through the catalyst 113. Alternatively, steam pipes can be arranged in a ring or rectangular frame structure around the perimeter of the gas distribution layer 111, with steam nozzles spaced apart circumferentially along the pipes and spraying steam towards the center of the layer, allowing the steam to converge from the periphery to the center and mix uniformly with the flue gas. Another option is to have multiple parallel steam pipes in the gas distribution layer 111, extending horizontally and spaced apart. Each pipe is connected to multiple steam nozzles, and the coordinated operation of these pipes and nozzles achieves uniform coverage of the entire cross-section of the gas distribution layer 111, improving the mixing uniformity of the steam and the flue gas. Alternatively, a steam pipe can be positioned near the air inlet of the air distribution layer 111, with steam nozzles spraying water vapor towards the air inlet. This allows the water vapor to mix with the flue gas as soon as it enters the air distribution layer 111, extending the mixing time and path between the water vapor and the flue gas, thus improving the humidification effect. The various arrangements described above can be selected based on the specific dimensions and shape of the air distribution layer 111 and the humidification requirements. Multiple arrangements can also be combined to achieve better humidification results.

[0067] In another alternative implementation, the humidification control device can also use analog circuits or relays to control the flue gas humidification device, without the need for a programmable logic controller or industrial computer. For example, the humidification control device can use a relay control circuit consisting of a time relay and an intermediate relay. When the corresponding on / off control mechanism switches from the closed state to the open state, the time relay starts timing. Within a set time, the normally closed contact of the time relay remains closed, keeping the intermediate relay de-energized. The corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 remains in the neutral position and does not perform humidification. When the time relay reaches the set time, the normally closed contact of the time relay opens and the normally open contact closes, energizing the intermediate relay. The contact of the intermediate relay actuates, energizing the second solenoid coil Y2 of the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35. The three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 switches to the second operating position to resume normal humidification. For example, a humidification control device can employ an analog delay circuit composed of an RC delay circuit and a comparator. When the corresponding on / off control mechanism is opened, the RC delay circuit begins charging, and the capacitor voltage gradually rises. When the capacitor voltage is lower than the comparator's reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low level, and the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 remains in the neutral position. When the capacitor voltage rises above the comparator's reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high level, driving the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to switch to the second operating position to restore normal humidification. The delay time, i.e., the set time, can be adjusted by regulating the resistance and capacitance values ​​in the RC delay circuit. Alternatively, a humidification control device can employ a logic control circuit composed of multiple relays. The series and parallel combination of relay contacts enables logical judgment of the on / off state and timing state of the on / off control mechanism, and the valve position switching of the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 is controlled based on the judgment result. The above control schemes using analog circuits or relays have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and high reliability, and are suitable for applications where high control precision is not required or where digital control equipment is inconvenient.

[0068] In another optional embodiment, the humidification control device can also directly detect the humidity status of the catalyst 113 using a humidity sensor, instead of using a method based on a set time. Specifically, each fixed-bed reactor device 11 has a humidity sensor installed in the catalyst placement layer. The humidity sensor is used to detect the humidity of the catalyst 113 in real time and transmit the detection signal to the humidification control device. The humidification control device determines the humidity status of the corresponding catalyst 113 based on the detection signal from the humidity sensor: when the humidity value detected by the humidity sensor is higher than the set humidity threshold, the humidification control device determines that the corresponding catalyst 113 is in the set humidified state, controls the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to remain in the neutral position, and stops the flue gas humidification device from humidifying; when the humidity value detected by the humidity sensor is lower than or equal to the set humidity threshold, the humidification control device determines that the corresponding catalyst 113 is in the set dry state, controls the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to switch to the second working position, and resumes normal humidification of the flue gas humidification device.

[0069] Humidity sensors can be capacitive, resistive, or dew point type, with the appropriate sensor type and protective measures selected based on the temperature and corrosive environment of the catalyst 113. To improve the accuracy and representativeness of the detection, multiple humidity sensors can be installed at different locations in the catalyst placement layer. The humidification control device makes judgments based on the average, maximum, or minimum values ​​detected by multiple humidity sensors. The direct detection scheme using humidity sensors can more accurately reflect the actual humidity state of the catalyst 113, avoiding potential deviations from judgments based on set times. This approach is suitable for applications requiring high humidification control accuracy or where the catalyst 113 drying rate is significantly affected by changes in operating conditions.

[0070] It should be noted that the aforementioned three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35, as a control valve assembly, is only one embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. In other embodiments, the control valve assembly may also employ other valves or valve combinations capable of controlling the on / off states of the water seal supply branch 33 and the humidification supply branch 34. Those skilled in the art can select according to actual application requirements.

[0071] See Figures 5 to 10 This embodiment provides another flue gas treatment device. The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the flue gas humidification device is located in a certain position and that the flue gas humidification device includes both a water atomization humidification component 21 and a water vapor humidification component 22.

[0072] like Figure 5As shown, the flue gas treatment equipment in this embodiment also includes multiple fixed-bed reactor devices 11, an inlet pipe 12, and an exhaust pipe. The number of fixed-bed reactor devices 11 is also six, arranged vertically in three rows, with two in each row. Its basic structure is the same as that in Embodiment 1, including a reactor body, a gas distribution layer 111, a catalyst placement layer, an overflow layer 112, a catalyst 113, and a catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0073] In this embodiment, each flue gas humidification device is installed on the corresponding inlet branch pipe 122, and is used to spray a humidifying medium onto the flue gas to be treated flowing through the inlet branch pipe 122 for humidification. This is different from the scheme in Embodiment 1 where the flue gas humidification device is installed in the air distribution layer 111.

[0074] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged view of the U-shaped water seal 123. The opening and closing control mechanism in this embodiment also includes a U-shaped water seal 123, which is installed on the intake branch pipe 122. The opening and closing of the intake branch pipe 122 is achieved by controlling the water level within the U-shaped water seal 123. Each flue gas humidification device is installed on the horizontal section between the U-shaped water seal 123 and the main intake pipe 121 of its respective intake branch pipe 122. Figure 6 As shown, a flue gas humidification device is installed on the horizontal section of the intake branch pipe 122. The flue gas humidification device is located upstream of the U-shaped water seal 123 (relative to the flue gas flow direction).

[0075] As mentioned above, the humidification control device is configured to coordinately control the flue gas humidification device according to the opening and closing status of the corresponding opening and closing control mechanism. When the U-shaped water seal 123 is closed, the humidification control device controls the corresponding flue gas humidification device to stop humidifying, so as to avoid the waste of humidification medium caused by continuing to humidify when the fixed bed reactor device 11 stops running.

[0076] The flue gas humidification device in this embodiment includes both a water atomization humidification component 21 and a water vapor humidification component 22, enabling the flue gas humidification device to simultaneously have a water atomization humidification mode and a water vapor humidification mode.

[0077] The water atomizing humidification assembly 21 includes a humidification pipe 211 and an atomizing nozzle 212 connected to the humidification pipe 211. The humidification pipe 211 is inserted into the horizontal section of the air intake branch pipe 122, and the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle 212 faces the inside of the air intake branch pipe 122. The humidification pipe 211 can be fixed to the pipe wall of the air intake branch pipe 122 by a flange or other connection method.

[0078] In this embodiment, since both the U-shaped water seal 123 and the water atomizing humidification component 21 require water, the same water supply pipeline configuration as in Embodiment 1 is adopted. A common water supply pipeline connects any pair of corresponding U-shaped water seals 123 and water atomizing humidification components 21. The water supply pipeline includes a main water supply pipe 32 and water seal water supply branches 33 and humidification water supply branches 34 branched from the main water supply pipe 32. The control valve assembly is also composed of a three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35, and its working principle is the same as in Embodiment 1, which will not be described again here.

[0079] The steam humidification unit 22 uses steam as the humidification medium. The steam humidification unit 22 includes a steam pipe and steam nozzles connected to the steam pipe. The steam pipe is connected to a steam source, which can be a boiler, steam generator, or other equipment capable of providing steam. A steam control valve is provided on the steam pipe.

[0080] The flue gas humidification device has a steam humidification mode. In this mode, the steam humidification component operates when the device is humidifying. When the corresponding catalyst 113 is in a set humidified state, the steam control valve closes or reduces its opening to stop humidification or reduce the humidification rate. When the corresponding catalyst 113 is in a set dry state, the steam control valve opens for normal humidification. The humidification control device is configured to coordinate with the opening and closing state of the corresponding on / off control mechanism to control the steam control valve. When the corresponding on / off control mechanism is closed, the steam control valve closes, stopping humidification.

[0081] Figures 7 to 10 The specific structure of a flue gas humidification device in this embodiment is shown. The flue gas humidification device is installed on the horizontal section between the U-shaped water seal 123 of the inlet branch pipe 122 and the inlet main pipe 121.

[0082] The horizontal section of the intake branch pipe 122 has a circular cross-section. The flue gas humidification device includes a water atomizing humidification component 21 and a water vapor humidification component 22. The water atomizing humidification component 21 includes a humidification pipe 211 and an atomizing nozzle 212 connected to the humidification pipe 211. The humidification pipe 211 enters obliquely from the side wall of the intake branch pipe 122 and is connected to an external water supply pipeline via a flange. The water vapor humidification component 22 includes multiple steam nozzles vertically inserted from the top of the intake branch pipe 122. The figure shows three steam nozzles arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the intake branch pipe 122. The top of each steam nozzle is connected to an external steam pipeline via a flange.

[0083] The steam nozzle of the steam humidification assembly 22 extends vertically downward from the top of the air intake branch pipe 122 and is inserted into the interior of the air intake branch pipe 122. Multiple steam nozzles are spaced apart along the length of the steam nozzle. The humidification pipe 211 of the water atomizing humidification assembly 21 is inserted into the side wall of the air intake branch pipe 122 in an inclined direction. An atomizing nozzle 212 is provided at the end of the humidification pipe 211.

[0084] The intake manifold 122 is equipped with three vertically downward-extending steam nozzles, and each steam nozzle has multiple steam nozzles spaced apart along its length.

[0085] The humidification pipe 211 is inserted obliquely into the side wall of the intake branch pipe 122 and then bent so that the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle 212 faces the axial direction of the intake branch pipe 122. The center line of the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle 212 is arranged parallel to the center line of the intake branch pipe 122. This arrangement ensures that the water mist sprayed by the atomizing nozzle 212 is sprayed along the axial direction of the intake branch pipe 122, which avoids directly spraying the water mist onto the inner wall of the intake branch pipe 122, preventing condensation on the pipe wall, and ensuring that the water mist is fully mixed with the flue gas flowing through the intake branch pipe 122, thereby improving humidification efficiency.

[0086] The structure of the humidification control device in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1. See [link / reference]. Figure 4 The explanation will not be repeated here. The humidification control device controls the humidification state of the water atomizing humidification component 21 by controlling the valve position of the three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35, and controls the humidification state of the water vapor humidification component by controlling the steam control valve. The humidification control device can also be implemented using a programmable logic controller, an industrial computer, or analog circuits, relay control circuits, etc., or it can use a humidity sensor to directly detect the humidity state of the catalyst 113 for control.

[0087] The operation of the flue gas treatment equipment in this embodiment is similar to that in Embodiment 1. During humidification control, the humidification control device coordinates the control of each flue gas humidification device by controlling the valve position of each three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 and the opening and closing state of each steam control valve, based on the humidity state of the catalyst 113 in each fixed bed reactor device 11 and the opening and closing state of the opening and closing control mechanism.

[0088] When a fixed-bed reactor 11 is operating normally and the catalyst 113 is in a set dry state, the humidification control device can select either water atomization humidification mode or steam humidification mode for humidification according to process requirements. When a fixed-bed reactor 11 needs to perform catalyst 113 washing and regeneration, the humidification control device controls the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to switch to the first working position to supply water to the U-shaped water seal 123, and simultaneously controls the corresponding steam control valve to close, stopping humidification. After washing and regeneration is completed, since the catalyst 113 is in a wet state after washing and regeneration, the humidification control device controls the corresponding three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to remain in the neutral position and controls the corresponding steam control valve to remain closed, without humidification. When the catalyst 113 returns to a dry state after a set running time, the humidification control device resumes normal humidification.

[0089] This embodiment provides two humidification modes for the flue gas humidification device by simultaneously equipping it with a water atomization humidification component 21 and a water vapor humidification component. In actual operation, the water vapor humidification component is used preferentially because it offers advantages such as high humidification efficiency, more uniform mixing of water vapor and flue gas, and less likelihood of water droplets forming on the catalyst 113 surface, resulting in better humidification. When the on-site water vapor supply is insufficient, the humidification control device switches to the water atomization humidification mode, activating the water atomization humidification component 21 to ensure the normal operation of the flue gas treatment equipment. This dual-mode configuration allows the flue gas treatment equipment to flexibly switch humidification methods according to the on-site steam supply, achieving better humidification when steam is abundant, and using water atomization humidification as a backup to maintain the normal operation of the desulfurization reaction when steam supply is insufficient, thus improving the adaptability and operational reliability of the flue gas treatment equipment.

[0090] The present invention also provides a humidification control method for a flue gas treatment device, which can be implemented by the above-mentioned humidification control device.

[0091] The humidification control method includes: coordinating the control of the flue gas humidification devices corresponding to each fixed-bed reactor 11 based on the humidity status of the catalyst 113 in each fixed-bed reactor 11. Specifically, for fixed-bed reactor 11 where the catalyst 113 is in a set humidified state, the corresponding flue gas humidification device is controlled to stop humidifying or reduce the humidification rate; for fixed-bed reactor 11 where the catalyst 113 is in a set dry state, the corresponding flue gas humidification device is controlled to humidify normally.

[0092] In one embodiment, the reactor body of each fixed-bed reactor device 11 is divided into a gas distribution layer 111, a catalyst placement layer, and an overflow layer 112 from bottom to top. The catalyst 113 is supported by a support structure and placed in the catalyst placement layer above the gas distribution layer 111. Each flue gas humidification device is installed in the corresponding gas distribution layer 111 and is used to spray a humidifying medium onto the flue gas to be treated entering the gas distribution layer 111 for humidification. The flue gas humidification device includes a water atomizing humidification component 21, which atomizes water and uses it as a humidification medium. The water atomizing humidification component 21 includes a humidification pipe 211 and an atomizing nozzle 212 connected to the humidification pipe 211. The atomizing nozzle 212 is a spiral nozzle. The humidification pipe 211 extends horizontally and is installed in the gas distribution layer 111. When the flue gas humidification device is humidifying, the water atomizing humidification component 21 is controlled to work.

[0093] In another embodiment, each flue gas humidification device is installed on a corresponding intake branch pipe 122, and is used to spray a humidifying medium onto the flue gas to be treated flowing through the intake branch pipe 122 for humidification. The flue gas humidification device includes a water atomizing humidification component 21, which atomizes water and uses it as a humidification medium. The water atomizing humidification component 21 includes a humidification pipe 211 and an atomizing nozzle 212 connected to the humidification pipe 211. The humidification pipe 211 is inserted into the intake branch pipe 122, and the center line of the nozzle 212 is arranged parallel to the center line of the intake branch pipe 122. When the flue gas humidification device is humidifying, the water atomizing humidification component 21 is controlled to operate. The opening and closing control mechanism includes a U-shaped water seal 123, and each flue gas humidification device is installed on the horizontal section between the U-shaped water seal 123 and the main intake pipe 121 of its respective intake branch pipe 122.

[0094] In the humidification control method, the completion time of washing and regeneration of the catalyst 113 in each fixed-bed reactor device 11 and the reopening time of the corresponding start-up and shut-down control mechanism are monitored. Within a set time after the corresponding catalyst 113 completes washing and regeneration and the corresponding start-up and shut-down control mechanism reopens, the corresponding catalyst 113 is considered to be in a set humidified state. When the set time is exceeded, the corresponding catalyst 113 is considered to have returned to a set dry state.

[0095] The humidification control method also includes: coordinating the control of the corresponding flue gas humidification devices according to the opening and closing status of each opening and closing control mechanism. Specifically, for the fixed bed reactor device 11 where the opening and closing control mechanism is closed to stop the flue gas to be treated from entering, the corresponding flue gas humidification device is controlled to stop humidifying.

[0096] In the scheme of using a shared water supply pipeline for a U-shaped water seal 123 and a water atomizing humidification component 21, the opening and closing control mechanism includes a U-shaped water seal 123, which is provided with a water inlet structure and a drainage structure. The flue gas humidification device includes a water atomizing humidification component 21, which atomizes water and uses it as a humidification medium. The same water supply pipeline is connected between any pair of corresponding U-shaped water seals 123 and water atomizing humidification components 21. The water supply pipeline includes a main water supply pipe 32 and a water seal water supply branch 33 and a humidification water supply branch 34 branched from the main water supply pipe 32. The water seal water supply branch 33 is connected to the water inlet structure of the U-shaped water seal 123, and the humidification water supply branch 34 is connected to the water atomizing humidification component 21. Control valve assemblies are provided on the water seal water supply branch 33 and the humidification water supply branch 34. The humidification control method also includes: controlling the water seal supply branch 33 and the humidification supply branch 34 to alternately conduct in a mutually exclusive manner. When it is necessary to supply water to the U-shaped water seal 123 to close the corresponding opening and closing control mechanism, the water seal supply branch 33 is controlled to conduct and the humidification supply branch 34 is controlled to close; when it is necessary to humidify through the water atomization humidification component 21, the humidification supply branch 34 is controlled to conduct and the water seal supply branch 33 is controlled to close.

[0097] In the scheme using a three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35, the control valve assembly is composed of the same three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35. The three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 has an inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet. The inlet is connected to the main water supply pipe 32, the first outlet is connected to the water seal water supply branch 33, and the second outlet is connected to the humidification water supply branch 34. The three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 has a first working position, a second working position and a neutral position. A first throttle valve 36 is provided on the water seal water supply branch 33. The first throttle valve 36 is located between the first outlet of the three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 and the water inlet structure of the U-shaped water seal 123, and / or, a second throttle valve 37 is provided on the humidification water supply branch 34. The second throttle valve 37 is located between the second outlet of the three-position three-way solenoid directional valve 35 and the water atomizing humidification assembly 21. The humidification control method includes: when water needs to be supplied to the U-shaped water seal 123, controlling the three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to switch to the first working position so that the water inlet and the first water outlet are connected and the second water outlet is cut off; when humidification needs to be performed through the water atomization humidification component 21, controlling the three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to switch to the second working position so that the water inlet and the second water outlet are connected and the first water outlet is cut off; when water does not need to be supplied to the U-shaped water seal 123 and humidification is not required, controlling the three-position three-way solenoid valve 35 to switch to the neutral position so that the water inlet, the first water outlet and the second water outlet are both cut off.

[0098] The flue gas treatment equipment also includes a main water supply pipe 31, which extends along the arrangement direction of each fixed-bed reactor device 11. Main water supply pipes 32 between each group of corresponding U-shaped water seals 123 and water atomizing humidification components 21 branch off sequentially from the main water supply pipe 31 along its extension direction. Corresponding water seal supply branches 33 and humidification supply branches 34 then branch off from their respective main water supply pipes 32. Control valve assemblies between each group of corresponding U-shaped water seals 123 and water atomizing humidification components 21 are installed on the outside of the corresponding fixed-bed reactor device 11. The humidification control method includes: supplying water to each main water supply pipe 32 uniformly through the main water supply pipe 31, and controlling the conduction status of the corresponding water seal supply branches 33 and humidification supply branches 34 respectively through the control valve assemblies on each main water supply pipe 32.

[0099] In a flue gas humidification device that includes both a water atomizing humidification component 21 and a steam humidification component 22, the steam humidification component 22 uses steam as the humidification medium. The steam humidification component 22 includes a steam pipe and a steam nozzle connected to the steam pipe. The steam pipe is connected to a steam source and is equipped with a steam control valve. The humidification control method further includes: for a fixed-bed reactor 11 where the catalyst 113 is in a set humidified state, controlling the corresponding steam control valve to close or reduce its opening; for a fixed-bed reactor 11 where the catalyst 113 is in a set dry state, controlling the corresponding steam control valve to open. The steam control valve is controlled according to the opening and closing status of each opening and closing control mechanism; for a fixed-bed reactor 11 where the opening and closing control mechanism is closed, the corresponding steam control valve is controlled to close.

[0100] The flue gas treatment equipment of the present invention is a catalytic flue gas desulfurization device, the flue gas to be treated is flue gas containing sulfur dioxide, and the reaction product of the catalytic reaction is sulfuric acid.

[0101] The above-mentioned humidification control method can realize independent and differentiated humidification control for each fixed-bed reactor device 11, avoid unnecessary humidification of the humidified catalyst 113, save humidification medium, reduce operating costs, and facilitate the refined operation and management of the equipment.

[0102] The present invention also provides a humidification control device, including a memory and a processor. The memory is used to store a computer program. The processor is used to execute the computer program to implement the humidification control method of the above-described flue gas treatment equipment. The humidification control device can be a programmable logic controller, an industrial computer, or other control equipment with data processing capabilities.

[0103] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, which are merely exemplary. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to this invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Flue gas treatment equipment, including: Multiple fixed-bed reactor units; as well as An inlet pipeline is used to supply flue gas to be treated to each fixed-bed reactor unit. The inlet pipeline includes a main inlet pipe and corresponding branch inlet pipes connected between the main inlet pipe and the inlet of each fixed-bed reactor unit. Each branch inlet pipe is equipped with an opening / closing control mechanism. Exhaust pipes are used to collect treated flue gas. Each of the fixed-bed reactor devices comprises: The reactor body has an air inlet, an exhaust outlet, a liquid outlet, and a catalyst loading space located in the reactor body. The reactor body is equipped with a catalyst regeneration liquid spraying device for washing and regenerating the catalyst in the catalyst loading space. During the reaction, the flue gas to be treated enters the reactor body through the inlet and then undergoes a catalytic reaction with the catalyst to become treated flue gas, which is then discharged from the exhaust port. When the catalyst is washed and regenerated, the reaction products enter the catalyst regeneration liquid and are discharged from the drain port. Its features are: Each of the fixed-bed reactor devices is equipped with a flue gas humidification device, which is used to inject a humidifying medium into the flue gas to be treated in the corresponding fixed-bed reactor for humidification. Furthermore, the flue gas humidification device is connected to a humidification control device, which is configured to coordinately control the flue gas humidification device according to the humidity state of the corresponding catalyst. When the corresponding catalyst is in a set humid state, the device controls the flue gas humidification device to stop humidifying or reduce the humidification amount. When the corresponding catalyst is in a set dry state, the device controls the flue gas humidification device to humidify normally.

2. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor body is divided into a gas distribution layer, a catalyst placement layer and an overflow layer from bottom to top. The catalyst is placed in the catalyst placement layer above the gas distribution layer by a support structure. During the reaction, the flue gas to be treated enters the gas distribution layer from the inlet and then disperses from bottom to top through the catalyst to become treated flue gas. After entering the overflow layer, it is discharged from the exhaust port. In each of the fixed-bed reactor devices, the flue gas humidification device is disposed in the gas distribution layer and is used to spray a humidification medium into the flue gas to be treated entering the gas distribution layer for humidification.

3. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flue gas humidification device includes a water atomizing humidification component, which atomizes water and uses it as a humidification medium. The flue gas humidification device has a water atomizing humidification mode. In the water atomizing humidification mode, the water atomizing humidification component operates when the flue gas humidification device is humidifying. The water atomizing humidification component includes a humidification pipe and an atomizing nozzle connected to the humidification pipe. The atomizing nozzle is a spiral nozzle. The humidification pipe extends horizontally and is disposed in the air distribution layer.

4. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the flue gas humidification devices is installed on the corresponding air inlet branch pipe and is used to spray humidification medium into the flue gas to be treated flowing through the air inlet branch pipe for humidification.

5. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flue gas humidification device includes a water atomizing humidification component, which atomizes water and uses it as a humidification medium. The flue gas humidification device has a water atomizing humidification mode. In the water atomizing humidification mode, the water atomizing humidification component operates when the flue gas humidification device is humidifying. The water atomizing humidification component includes a humidification pipe and an atomizing nozzle connected to the humidification pipe. The humidification pipe is inserted into the air intake branch pipe, and the center line of the nozzle orifice is arranged parallel to the center line of the air intake branch pipe.

6. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The opening and closing control mechanism includes a U-shaped water seal; each of the flue gas humidification devices is installed on the horizontal section between the U-shaped water seal of the respective intake branch pipe and the main intake pipe.

7. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidification control device is also configured to coordinately control the flue gas humidification device according to the opening and closing state of the corresponding opening and closing control mechanism. When the corresponding opening and closing control mechanism is closed to stop the flue gas to be treated from entering the corresponding fixed bed reactor device, the flue gas humidification device is controlled to stop humidifying.

8. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The opening and closing control mechanism includes a U-shaped water seal, which has a water inlet structure and a drainage structure; the flue gas humidification device includes a water atomization humidification component, which atomizes water and uses it as a humidification medium; the flue gas humidification device has a water atomization humidification mode, in which the water atomization humidification component operates when the flue gas humidification device is humidifying; between any pair of corresponding U-shaped water seals and water atomization humidification components... The system is connected to the same water supply pipeline, which includes a main water supply pipe and a water seal water supply branch and a humidification water supply branch branch branched from the main water supply pipe. The water seal water supply branch is connected to the water inlet structure of the U-shaped water seal, and the humidification water supply branch is connected to the water atomizing humidification component. The water seal water supply branch and the humidification water supply branch are equipped with control valve assemblies. In the water atomizing humidification mode, the control valve assembly controls the water seal water supply branch and the humidification water supply branch to alternately conduct mutually exclusively.

9. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: In any pair of corresponding U-shaped water seals and water atomizing humidification components, the control valve assembly consists of the same three-position three-way solenoid valve. The three-position three-way solenoid valve has an inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet. The inlet is connected to the main water supply pipe, the first outlet is connected to the water seal supply branch, and the second outlet is connected to the humidification supply branch. The three-position three-way solenoid valve has a first working position, a second working position, and a neutral position. In the first working position, the inlet and the first outlet are connected. The second outlet is closed. In the second working position, the inlet and the second outlet are connected and the first outlet is closed. In the intermediate position, the inlet, the first outlet, and the second outlet are all closed. A first throttle valve is provided on the water seal supply branch. The first throttle valve is located between the first outlet of the three-position three-way solenoid valve and the inlet structure of the U-shaped water seal. And / or, a second throttle valve is provided on the humidification supply branch. The second throttle valve is located between the second outlet of the three-position three-way solenoid valve and the water atomizing humidification component.

10. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment equipment also includes a main water supply pipe, which extends along the arrangement direction of each of the fixed bed reactor devices. The main water supply pipe between each group of corresponding U-shaped water seals and water atomizing humidification components branches off sequentially from the main water supply pipe along its extension direction. The water seal water supply branch and the humidification water supply branch branch then branch off from their respective main water supply pipes. The control valve assembly between each group of corresponding U-shaped water seals and water atomizing humidification components is installed on the outside of the corresponding fixed bed reactor device.

11. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas humidification device includes a water vapor humidification component, which uses water vapor as the humidification medium. The flue gas humidification device has a water vapor humidification mode. In the water vapor humidification mode, the water vapor humidification component operates when the flue gas humidification device is humidifying. The water vapor humidification component includes a steam pipe and a steam nozzle connected to the steam pipe. The steam pipe is connected to a steam source. A steam control valve is provided on the steam pipe. In the water vapor humidification mode, when the corresponding catalyst is in a set humidified state, the steam control valve closes or reduces its opening. When the corresponding catalyst is in a set dry state, the steam control valve opens.

12. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 11, characterized in that: The humidification control device is configured to coordinately control the steam control valve according to the opening and closing state of the corresponding opening and closing control mechanism. When the corresponding opening and closing control mechanism is closed, the steam control valve is closed.

13. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidification control device is configured such that: when the corresponding catalyst has completed washing and regeneration and the corresponding opening and closing control mechanism has reopened within a set time, the corresponding catalyst is identified as being in a set humid state, thereby controlling the flue gas humidification device to stop humidifying or reduce the humidification amount. When the set time is exceeded, the corresponding catalyst is considered to have returned to the set dry state, thereby controlling the flue gas humidification device to resume normal humidification.

14. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: No humidifier is installed on the main air intake pipe.

15. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust pipeline includes a main exhaust pipe and exhaust branch pipes that are connected one-to-one between the main exhaust pipe and the exhaust ports of each fixed-bed reactor device.

16. The flue gas treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is a catalytic flue gas desulfurization device, wherein the flue gas to be treated is flue gas containing sulfur dioxide, and the reaction product is sulfuric acid.

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