Laser directed energy deposition hybrid manufacturing apparatus and method coupled with mechanical roller compaction polishing

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of coupling mechanical roller pressure polishing laser directional energy deposition composite manufacturing device and method, belong to laser additive manufacturing technical field.The application integrates laser cladding deposition, mechanical conformal roller pressure and closed-loop temperature control water cooling function integration.Processing head is used for cladding deposition.Roller built-in closed cooling channel, and by water cooling tank through long and short hose provides circulation cooling.Infrared thermometer real-time monitoring deposition layer temperature, feedback adjustment processing head laser power, realize target laser cladding deposition, form "laser cladding deposition-infrared temperature control feedback-roller plastic deformation-rapid cooling" transient thermal cycle.The application can realize material plastic deformation under low load roller pressure condition, effectively avoid component deformation cracking and interlayer bonding defect, realize surface roughness optimization, residual stress precision control, surface layer organization grain refinement, can be widely adapted to various material components high-precision additive forming and repair processing, solve traditional cold-state roller pressure stress control effect limited, surface forming quality is poor, prone to structural defects and other industry pain points.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing composite processing technology, and in particular to a laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus and method coupled with mechanical roll polishing, which is applicable to additive forming and surface strengthening processing of various types of materials, especially to high-precision, low-stress additive manufacturing of various materials such as metals, ceramics, and composite materials. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding deposition is a crucial step in the additive manufacturing process for high-end parts. Its purpose is to improve the dimensional accuracy, structural integrity, and geometric precision of the processed workpiece. Its main functions include achieving rapid near-net-shape forming of complex components, reducing surface roughness to obtain a dense and smooth workpiece surface, optimizing the internal microstructure of the material for superior overall performance, effectively controlling residual stress within the component, improving the corrosion and wear resistance of the material surface, and helping to achieve excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Therefore, it has wide applications in aerospace, high-end mold making, automotive, precision machinery, and new energy equipment industries. High-quality, high-efficiency, and low-defect additive manufacturing technology is of paramount importance to the manufacturing industry.

[0003] Laser cladding deposition, as a green, environmentally friendly, flexible, efficient, intelligent, and reliable new additive manufacturing method, has significant advantages over traditional casting, forging, and machining technologies in terms of high efficiency, high precision, and near-net-shape forming of complex structural parts. It can be adapted to the layer-by-layer additive manufacturing of various powder materials. Traditional laser cladding deposition technology mostly uses a single laser heat source to independently complete the cladding deposition process, which can meet the basic forming requirements of conventional simple components.

[0004] However, additive parts formed using traditional processes still have room for improvement in areas such as residual stress control, forming stability, surface quality, and internal grain refinement. These shortcomings can affect the service performance and reliability of the parts to some extent.

[0005] In existing technologies, some solutions combine roll forming with additive manufacturing, but most employ a simple combination of cold roll forming, requiring significant roll pressure to achieve plastic deformation of the material, potentially leading to overall deformation of the part or damage to the substrate structure. Furthermore, existing integrated solutions lack time-coordinated thermally assisted control design, with fixed and unadjustable processing unit layouts, making it difficult to adapt to the continuous processing of complex curved surfaces. Additionally, the lack of in-situ rapid cooling structures in the roll forming area further hinders improvements in the stability of stress control, grain refinement, and surface quality optimization. Therefore, developing a laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing device and method that integrates laser irradiation and mechanical roll forming depth synchronously, with multi-unit time-coordinated control, and coupled with mechanical roll forming polishing, is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing device and method coupled with mechanical roll polishing. The device integrates laser cladding deposition, infrared temperature measurement and closed-loop temperature control, mechanical conformal roll pressing and water cooling functions, which significantly optimizes the surface quality of parts, precisely controls the distribution of residual stress and achieves internal grain refinement. It effectively solves the drawbacks and shortcomings of traditional additive manufacturing parts, such as large residual stress, poor surface quality, large load of conventional cold roll pressing leading to part deformation, and insufficient stress control stability, thus meeting the needs of high-end manufacturing industry for high-performance additive components and high-precision forming processing.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus coupled with mechanical roller polishing includes: a processing head 2, a processing head clamping 3, a signal input tube 4, an infrared thermometer 6, a water-cooled box 7, a three-axis frame 8, a three-axis frame base 9, a processing table 10, rollers 11, front and rear roller clamping devices 12, a short water-cooled hose 13, and a long water-cooled hose 14. The processing head clamping 3 is slidably mounted on the three-axis frame 8. The processing head 2 is installed at the lower end of the processing head clamping 3, and the processing head 2 has a powder feeding channel and a high-power cladding laser optical path inside. The signal input tube 4 is installed on the processing head 2 and is used to connect the processing head 2 to the control system, transmit the status signals of the processing head 2 (such as laser power feedback, temperature sensor signals, powder feeding rate, etc.) and receive control commands for process monitoring and closed-loop adjustment. The processing table 10 is equipped with a slide rail, and the three-axis machine... The frame base 9 is slidably mounted on the processing table 10. The three-axis frame base 9 is equipped with a slide rail. The three-axis frame 8 is slidably mounted on the three-axis frame base 9. The processing head 2 is driven to move along the X, Y, and Z axes above the workpiece 1 under the control of the control system. The infrared thermometer 6 is connected to the control system through an independent signal line. The front and rear roller clamping devices 12 are detachably mounted on the side wall of the three-axis frame 8. The roller 11 is rotatably mounted on the selected roller clamping device. The water cooling box 7 is connected to the inlet and outlet of the front and rear roller clamping devices through short water cooling hoses 13 and long water cooling hoses 14, respectively, to form a water cooling circulation system. The cooling medium flows through the internal flow channel of the roller 11, carrying away the heat absorbed by the roller 11 when in contact with the high-temperature cladding layer, preventing the roller 11 from thermal fatigue or sticking due to overheating, and ensuring a continuous and stable roller pressure. During operation, the processing head 2 and the infrared thermometer 6 are arranged above the workpiece 1 to be processed along the processing direction, and the roller 11 is set on the workpiece to be processed. The relative distance between the three is adjustable. The roller 11 is equipped with a closed cooling channel, which can be circulated and cooled by water during the rolling process. The processing head 2 outputs a high-power cladding laser to melt and deposit powder. The device integrates laser cladding deposition, infrared temperature measurement closed-loop temperature control, mechanical conformal rolling and in-situ rapid cooling functions.

[0008] Preferably, the working surface of the roller 11 is an arc-shaped curved surface or a conformal curved surface adapted to the workpiece surface; the front and rear roller clamping device 12 is adopted, and the axes of the two rollers can be independently adjusted in the case of double roller configuration to maintain line contact roller pressure.

[0009] Preferably, the device further includes an infrared thermometer base 5, which is fixed to the side wall of the processing table 10, and an infrared thermometer 6 is installed on the infrared thermometer base 5, with its detection direction aligned with the area of ​​the cladding layer of the workpiece that has just solidified.

[0010] The operating method of the laser-oriented energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus for coupled mechanical roll polishing includes the following steps: S1: Start the cladding laser system and control system of processing head 2 to complete the equipment preheating; S2: The water cooling circulation is started by the water cooling box 7, so that the cooling water circulates inside the roller 11 through the short water cooling hose 13 and the long water cooling hose 14 to maintain the constant working temperature of the roller 11. S3: Based on the material properties of the workpiece 1 to be processed, set the cladding laser power, powder feeding rate, and scanning speed of the processing head 2, and preset the target temperature range of the cladding laser; S4: Import the 3D model of the workpiece to be processed, and the control system automatically generates the conformal machining path; S5: The control system moves the three-axis frame 8 and the three-axis frame base 9 by the motor, so that the processing head 2 is directly above the processing area of ​​the workpiece to be processed; S6: Adjust the height of the processing head 2 by the processing head clamping 3, and make the roller 11 form a line contact with the surface of the deposited layer of the workpiece to be processed; S7: The processing head 2 outputs a high-power cladding laser and feeds powder to form a molten pool and complete the deposition. The infrared thermometer 6 monitors the temperature of the newly solidified cladding layer in real time and feeds the temperature signal back to the control system. The control system determines whether the measured temperature is within the target range and maintains the temperature of the deposited layer within the target range through dynamic adjustment. S8: Roller 11 rolls immediately after the molten pool, applying vertical pressure to the newly solidified high-temperature plastic deposited layer to perform conformal rolling. S9: During the processing, the spatial position is finely adjusted in real time through the three-axis frame 8 and the processing head clamping 3 to keep the laser focal length, infrared temperature measurement point and roller pressure constant. S10: After the single-layer path is completed, turn off the high-power cladding laser and powder feeding, and keep the water cooling operation and infrared thermometer monitoring for a few seconds; S11: Raise the processing head to clamp one layer height and proceed with the next layer deposition; S12: Repeat S7 to S11 until the workpiece is formed; S13: After the forming is completed, turn off all lasers, powder feeders and infrared thermometers, and turn off the water cooling box 7 after a delay. After the roller 11 cools down, remove the workpiece to be processed. The method forms a transient thermodynamic cycle of "laser cladding deposition - infrared temperature control feedback - roller pressing plastic deformation - rapid cooling and fixing".

[0011] The laser width output by processing head 2 meets the requirements. ,in The width of the high-temperature region of the cladding layer. The effective working width of the roller; the width of the high-temperature area of ​​the cladding layer is matched with the laser power and scanning speed according to the thermal conduction relationship.

[0012] cladding layer high temperature zone width With laser power Scanning speed The following heat conduction relationship exists between them: in: Let be the thermal diffusivity of the workpiece material, in m² / s; Laser line energy density, J / m; The density of the workpiece material to be processed is expressed in kg / m³. Specific heat capacity, J / (kg·K); The required temperature increase is expressed in K.

[0013] Rolling is performed on the workpiece material in a thermally softened state, and the rolling pressure is controlled within the load range corresponding to the hot yield strength of the material, so as to achieve plastic deformation with low load.

[0014] The hysteresis distance from the center of the laser spot to the contact point of the roller 11 is dynamically matched according to the scanning speed and the material heat residence time to ensure that the rolling pressure occurs in the optimal plasticity temperature range of the material.

[0015] To ensure effective rolling and avoid component damage, this invention establishes the following mechanical model by precisely controlling laser process parameters and rolling pressure: A. Matching the width of the high-temperature zone of the cladding layer with the rolling zone To ensure the rolling zone remains entirely within the high-temperature plastic range, the width of the high-temperature zone behind the molten pool must cover the effective working width of the roller 11. The width of the high-temperature zone Wt is related to the effective working width of the roller. The following relationship must be satisfied: in: The width of the high-temperature region of the cladding layer is controlled by the spot shaping system of processing head 2; The effective working width of the roller depends on the geometry of the roller 11 and the clamping angle.

[0016] Furthermore, the width of the high-temperature region of the cladding layer With laser power Scanning speed The following heat conduction relationship exists between them: in: The thermal diffusivity of the workpiece material (m² / s) is the thermal diffusivity of the workpiece material. The laser line energy density is (J / m). The density of the workpiece material to be processed (kg / m³); Specific heat capacity (J / (kg·K)); The required temperature rise (K) is given by the formula derived from the Rosenthal heat transfer equation, which directly establishes a quantitative mapping relationship between laser process parameters and the width of the high-temperature region of the cladding layer.

[0017] By meeting the above conditions, it is ensured that when the roller 11 contacts the deposited layer, the material as a whole is in a uniform high-temperature plastic state, thus avoiding the initiation of cracks caused by edge hardening.

[0018] B. Roller pressure control model under high temperature plasticity Under the influence of residual heat from deposition, the yield strength of the material decreases significantly, and the required roller pressure... Much less than the cold roll pressure. The required roll pressure satisfies the following formula: in: The applied roller pressure is precisely controlled by the feeding mechanism of the front and rear roller clamping device 12; The yield strength of a hot-state material is determined by temperature. The function, as temperature increases It exhibits a non-linear downward trend; This represents the contact area between the roller and the cladding layer.

[0019] To more accurately describe the relationship between contact area and rolling parameters, the contact area is... Expanding from Hertz contact theory, we obtain the complete expression for roller pressure: in: Where is the roller radius (mm); The roller pressing depth (mm); For temperature The elastic modulus (GPa) at the following level; This represents the effective roll pressure width where the roller contacts the cladding layer along the axial direction.

[0020] Among them, the hot yield strength The variation with temperature can be described by the Johnson-Cook thermal softening constitutive equation: in: The reference yield strength at room temperature (MPa); This is a reference temperature (usually room temperature, 293K). is the melting point of the material (K); m is the thermal softening index, determined by experimental fitting (typical value 0.6). 1.2). This constitutive equation is widely used in metal hot working simulation, and can quantitatively predict the softening degree of different materials at rolling temperatures, thereby accurately guiding the selection of rolling process parameters.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects: 1) The core of the technical solution of this invention lies in using a high-power cladding laser in the processing head 2 for powder melting and deposition. After the processing head 2 completes laser-directed energy deposition, powder melting, and the formation of a cladding layer, the roller 11 follows closely, utilizing the high-temperature plastic state of the deposited layer before it is fully cooled to perform conformal rolling. At this time, the yield strength of the material is significantly reduced, and plastic deformation can be achieved under relatively small roller pressure. To achieve the above effect, this invention first presets the target temperature range of the cladding laser, uses an infrared thermometer to provide real-time temperature feedback, and dynamically adjusts the laser power to ensure that the temperature of the deposited layer is always within this range when roller pressure occurs, thereby precisely controlling the plastic state of the material.

[0022] By using the formulas in this invention to guide the process parameters, this device can achieve effective plastic deformation of the deposited layer under relatively low roller pressure. This not only eliminates interlayer incomplete fusion defects and significantly improves density, but also avoids matrix deformation or deposited layer cracking caused by excessive pressure, achieving a manufacturing effect of "low load, high density".

[0023] 2) To maintain the stability of the rolling process and prevent the rollers 11 from thermally sticking or losing hardness due to prolonged contact with the high-temperature cladding layer, the device of this invention features a unique follow-up water-cooling circulation system. This system consists of a water-cooling box 7, a short water-cooling hose 13, and a long water-cooling hose 14. The water-cooling hose introduces coolant into the front and rear roller clamping devices 12, allowing the coolant to directly exchange heat with the rollers 11. This quickly removes the frictional and conductive heat generated during the rolling process, ensuring that the rollers 11 are always at a suitable operating temperature. Effective cooling prevents high-temperature metal powder from adhering to the surface of the rollers 11, ensuring the smoothness of the conformal machining surface. It also avoids the hardness reduction caused by overheating and annealing of the roller material, extending the service life of consumables.

[0024] Roll pressing induces dynamic recrystallization, which refines the grain size. With material yield strength The Hall-Petch reinforcement relationship between them (Equation 4) applies: in: The lattice friction stress is (MPa). Here, d represents the Hall-Petch coefficient (MPa·m^{1 / 2}); and d represents the grain size (m). This formula quantitatively reveals the intrinsic mechanism by which the present invention improves the mechanical properties of molded parts through grain refinement.

[0025] The cooling efficiency of a water-cooled circulation system can be characterized by the convective heat transfer equation: in: The convective heat transfer coefficient is (W / (m²·K)). The heat exchange area of ​​the inner wall of the cooling channel (m²); Temperature of the working surface of the roller (K); The temperature at the cooling water inlet (K) is given. This formula can directly guide the engineering design of the cooling system, ensuring that the rollers are always within a suitable operating temperature range.

[0026] 3) The device of this invention adopts a modular design, integrating the processing head 2 with the front and rear roller clamping devices 12 to form a compact composite processing unit. Based on the workpiece CAD model, the laser cladding path and the following trajectory of the rollers 11 are planned. While the processing head 2 is working, the rollers 11 move synchronously with a set lag distance. The processing head clamping device 3 adjusts the Z-axis height in real time according to the surface curvature of the workpiece to ensure a constant laser focal length and a constant contact pressure between the rollers 11 and the surface. This method is particularly suitable for the repair and manufacturing of parts with complex free-form surfaces, such as blades and molds. Compared to split-processing (cladding followed by heat treatment and then rolling), the device of this invention achieves "one-time clamping, in-situ composite processing," greatly improving processing efficiency. Furthermore, real-time rolling refines the grains, resulting in a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the formed parts, especially their fatigue life. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of a laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing device for coupled mechanical roll polishing.

[0028] Figure 2 Front view of a laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus for coupled mechanical roll polishing.

[0029] Figure 3 Side view of a laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus for coupled mechanical roll polishing.

[0030] Figure 4 Top view of a laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus for coupled mechanical roll polishing.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the specific implementation steps of the device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the present invention discloses a laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing device for coupled mechanical roll polishing, comprising: a processing head 2, a processing head clamping 3, a signal input tube 4, an infrared thermometer base 5, an infrared thermometer 6, a water-cooled box 7, a three-axis frame 8, a three-axis frame base 9, a processing table 10, rollers 11, front and rear roller clamping devices 12, a short water-cooled hose 13, and a long water-cooled hose 14; the processing head clamping 3 is slidably mounted on the three-axis frame 8; the processing head 2 is mounted on the lower end of the processing head clamping 3, and the processing head 2 has a powder feeding channel and a high-power cladding laser optical path inside; the signal input tube 4 is mounted on the processing head 2 and is used to connect the processing head 2 to the control system; a slide rail is provided on the processing table 10, and the three-axis frame base 9 is slidably mounted on the processing table 10. A slide rail is provided on the three-axis frame base 9, and the three-axis frame 8 is slidably mounted on the three-axis frame base 9. The machining head 2 is driven to move three-axis above the workpiece 1 under the control of the control system. The infrared thermometer base 5 is fixed to the side wall of the machining table 10, and the infrared thermometer 6 is mounted on the infrared thermometer base. The infrared thermometer 6 is connected to the control system through an independent signal line. The front and rear roller clamping device 12 is detachably mounted on the three-axis frame 8. The roller 11 is rotatably mounted on the selected roller clamping device. The water cooling box 7 is located outside the device and is connected to the inlet and outlet of the front and rear roller clamping device through a short water cooling hose 13 and a long water cooling hose 14, respectively. The water cooling box 7, the short water cooling hose 13 and the long water cooling hose 14 form a water cooling circulation system. During operation, the processing head 2 and the infrared thermometer 6 are arranged above the workpiece 1 along the processing direction, and the roller 11 is set on the workpiece 1. The relative distance between the three is adjustable. The roller 11 has a closed cooling channel inside, which can circulate water cooling during the rolling process. The processing head 2 outputs a high-power cladding laser for powder melting and deposition. The device integrates laser cladding deposition, infrared temperature measurement closed-loop temperature control, mechanical conformal rolling, and in-situ rapid cooling functions. The high-power cladding laser output by the processing head 2 is used for powder melting and deposition. During the deposition process, the infrared thermometer 6 monitors the temperature of the solidified cladding layer in real time and controls the laser cladding power of the processing head 2 accordingly. Subsequently, the roller 11 performs conformal rolling, while the inside of the roller 11 is circulated and cooled by the water-cooled box 7 through long and short hoses, forming a closed-loop temperature-controlled thermal cycle. This significantly optimizes the surface quality of the parts, precisely controls the distribution of residual stress, and achieves internal grain refinement. It effectively solves the drawbacks and shortcomings of traditional additive manufacturing parts, such as large residual stress, poor surface quality, large load of conventional cold rolling which easily leads to part deformation, and insufficient stress control stability. This meets the needs of high-end manufacturing industry for high-performance additive components and high-precision forming processing.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, the operating method of the laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus coupled with mechanical roll polishing of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Start the cladding laser system and control system of processing head 2 to complete the equipment preheating; at the same time, confirm that the processing head 2 is in normal condition through signal input tube 4.

[0035] Step 2: Start the water cooling circulation system through the water cooling box 7. Cooling water circulates inside the roller 11 through the short water cooling hose 13 and the long water cooling hose 14 to ensure that the roller 11 is in a constant temperature working state.

[0036] Step 3: Based on the material characteristics of the workpiece to be processed, set the cladding laser power, target temperature range, powder feeding rate, and scanning speed of the processing head 2; set the initial Z-axis height of the processing head clamping 3.

[0037] Step 4: Import the 3D model of the workpiece to be processed, and the control system will automatically generate a conformal machining path.

[0038] Step 5: The control system moves the three-axis frame 8 and the three-axis frame base 9 by the motor, so that the processing head 2 is directly above the processing area of ​​the workpiece to be processed.

[0039] Step 6: Adjust the height of the machining head 2 using the machining head clamping 3, and make the axis of the roller 11 parallel to the tangent direction of the surface of the workpiece to be processed at the contact point, so as to ensure that the roller 11 forms a good line contact with the surface of the deposited layer.

[0040] Step 7: The processing head 2 activates the cladding laser and feeds powder to form a molten pool and complete the deposition process. The infrared thermometer 6 monitors the temperature of the newly solidified cladding layer in real time and feeds the temperature signal back to the control system. The control system determines whether the measured temperature is within the target range and maintains the temperature of the deposited layer within the target range through dynamic adjustment.

[0041] Step 8: Roller 11 rolls immediately after the molten pool, applying vertical pressure to the newly solidified high-temperature plastic deposit layer, and performing conformal rolling.

[0042] Step 9: During the processing, the three-axis frame 8 and the processing head clamping 3 make real-time fine adjustments to the spatial position according to the undulations of the workpiece surface to keep the laser focal length, infrared temperature measurement point and roller pressure constant.

[0043] Step 10: After completing the scanning of one layer of the path, turn off the cladding laser and powder feeding, but keep the water cooling circulation system running, and continue to monitor the infrared thermometer for a few seconds to complete the final stage temperature control.

[0044] Step 11: Raise the machining head clamping 3 by one layer height, or lower the three-axis frame 8 by one layer height.

[0045] Step 12: Perform the next layer of cladding and rolling until the workpiece is formed.

[0046] Step 13: After processing is completed, turn off all laser outputs and powder feeding systems of processing head 2, turn off infrared thermometer 6, delay turning off water cooling box 7, and after roller 11 has completely cooled down, remove the workpiece for necessary surface cleaning.

[0047] The processing flow of this invention is as follows: First, the cladding laser and control system of the processing head 2 are started and preheated, while the water-cooling box 7 is turned on to circulate cooling water inside the roller 11. The cladding laser power, powder feeding rate, scanning speed, spot diameter, and target temperature range for infrared thermography are set. The 3D model of the workpiece to be processed is imported to generate a conformal path, and the height of the processing head 2 and the angle of the roller 11 are adjusted to make the roller 11 in line contact with the workpiece surface. Then, the processing head 2 outputs a high-power cladding laser and feeds powder to complete the deposition. The infrared thermometer monitors the temperature of the solidified layer in real time and adjusts the laser power output by the processing head 2 accordingly. The roller 11 then applies rolling pressure to the softened area. During the processing, the position is finely adjusted in real time to maintain a constant focal length and pressure. After one layer is completed, the cladding laser and powder feeding are turned off, and water cooling and temperature measurement are maintained for several seconds. Then, the processing head is raised by one layer height, and the above steps are repeated until the workpiece is formed. Finally, all lasers, powder feeding, and temperature measurement are turned off, the water cooling is turned off after a delay, and the workpiece is removed and cleaned after the rollers have cooled down.

Claims

1. A laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus for coupled mechanical roll polishing, characterized in that, include: The components include a machining head (2), a machining head clamp (3), a signal input tube (4), an infrared thermometer (6), a water-cooled box (7), a three-axis frame (8), a three-axis frame base (9), a machining table (10), rollers (11), front and rear roller clamping devices (12), a short water-cooled hose (13), and a long water-cooled hose (14). The machining head clamp (3) is slidably mounted on the three-axis frame (8). The machining head (2) is installed at the lower end of the machining head clamp (3), and the interior of the machining head (2) is... It is equipped with a powder feeding channel and a high-power cladding laser optical path; the signal input tube (4) is installed on the processing head (2) and is used to connect the processing head (2) and the control system, transmit the status signal of the processing head (2) and receive control commands; a slide rail is provided on the processing table (10), the three-axis frame base (9) is slidably set on the processing table (10), a slide rail is provided on the three-axis frame base (9), and the three-axis frame (8) is slidably set on the three-axis frame base (9), and controlled by the control system The control drives the processing head (2) to move in three axes above the workpiece (1) to be processed; the infrared thermometer (6) is connected to the control system through an independent signal line; the front and rear roller clamping device (12) is detachably installed on the side wall of the three-axis frame (8); the roller (11) is rotatably installed on the selected roller clamping device; the water cooling box (7) is connected to the inlet and outlet of the front and rear roller clamping device through a short water cooling hose (13) and a long water cooling hose (14) respectively, forming a water cooling circulation system; during operation, the processing head (2) and the infrared thermometer (6) are arranged above the workpiece (1) to be processed along the processing direction, and the roller (11) is set on the workpiece to be processed, and the relative distance between the three is adjustable; the roller (11) is equipped with a closed cooling channel inside, which can be circulated and cooled during the rolling process; the processing head (2) outputs a high-power cladding laser to perform powder melting and deposition; the device integrates laser cladding deposition, infrared temperature measurement closed-loop temperature control, mechanical conformal rolling and in-situ rapid cooling functions.

2. The laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus for coupled mechanical roll polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working surface of the roller (11) is an arc-shaped surface or a conformal surface adapted to the workpiece surface; a front and rear roller clamping device (12) is adopted, and the axes of the two rollers can be independently adjusted in the double roller configuration to maintain line contact roller pressure.

3. The laser-directed energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus for coupled mechanical roll polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an infrared thermometer base (5), which is fixed to the side wall of the processing table (10). The infrared thermometer (6) is installed on the infrared thermometer base (5) and its detection direction is aligned with the solidified cladding layer area of ​​the workpiece being processed.

4. The operating method of the laser-oriented energy deposition composite manufacturing apparatus for coupled mechanical roll polishing as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Start the cladding laser system and control system of the processing head (2) to complete the equipment preheating; S2: The water cooling circulation is started by the water cooling box (7), so that the cooling water circulates inside the roller (11) through the short water cooling hose (13) and the long water cooling hose (14) to maintain the constant working temperature of the roller (11); S3: Based on the material properties of the workpiece (1) to be processed, set the cladding laser power, powder feeding rate, and scanning speed of the processing head (2), and preset the target temperature range of the cladding laser; S4: Import the 3D model of the workpiece to be processed, and the control system automatically generates the conformal machining path; S5: The control system moves the three-axis frame (8) and the three-axis frame base (9) by the motor, so that the processing head (2) is directly above the processing area of ​​the workpiece to be processed; S6: Adjust the height of the processing head (2) by clamping the processing head (3) and make the roller (11) form a line contact with the surface of the deposited layer of the workpiece to be processed; S7: The processing head (2) outputs a high-power cladding laser and feeds powder to form a molten pool and complete the deposition. The infrared thermometer (6) monitors the temperature of the solidified cladding layer in real time and feeds the temperature signal back to the control system. The control system judges whether the measured temperature is within the target range and maintains the temperature of the deposition layer within the target range through dynamic adjustment. S8: The roller (11) rolls immediately after the molten pool, applying vertical pressure to the newly solidified high-temperature plastic deposit layer and performing conformal rolling. S9: During the processing, the spatial position is finely adjusted in real time by the three-axis frame (8) and the processing head clamping (3) to keep the laser focal length, infrared temperature measurement point and roller pressure constant; S10: After the single-layer path is completed, turn off the high-power cladding laser and powder feeding, and keep the water cooling operation and infrared thermometer monitoring for a few seconds; S11: Raise the processing head clamping (3) one layer height and perform the next layer deposition; S12: Repeat S7 to S11 until the workpiece is formed; S13: After the forming is completed, turn off all lasers, powder feeders and infrared thermometers, and turn off the water cooling box (7) after a delay. After the roller (11) cools down, remove the workpiece to be processed. The method forms a transient thermodynamic cycle of "laser cladding deposition - infrared temperature control feedback - roller pressing plastic deformation - rapid cooling and fixing".

5. The working method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The laser width output by the processing head (2) meets the requirements. ,in The width of the high-temperature region of the cladding layer. The effective working width of the roller; the width of the high-temperature area of ​​the cladding layer is matched with the laser power and scanning speed according to the thermal conduction relationship.

6. The working method according to claim 5, characterized in that: cladding layer high temperature zone width With laser power Scanning speed The following heat conduction relationship exists between them: in: Let be the thermal diffusivity of the workpiece material, in m² / s; Laser line energy density, J / m; The density of the workpiece material to be processed is expressed in kg / m³. Specific heat capacity, J / (kg·K); The required temperature increase is expressed in K.

7. The working method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Rolling is performed on the workpiece material in a thermally softened state, and the rolling pressure is controlled within the load range corresponding to the hot yield strength of the material, so as to achieve plastic deformation with low load.

8. The working method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The roller pressure satisfies the following formula: in: The applied roller pressure is precisely controlled by the feeding mechanism of the front and rear roller clamping device (12); The yield strength of a hot-state material is determined by temperature. The function, as temperature increases It exhibits a non-linear downward trend; This represents the contact area between the roller and the cladding layer.

9. The working method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lag distance from the center of the laser spot to the contact point of the roller (11) is dynamically matched according to the scanning speed and the heat residence time of the material to ensure that the rolling pressure occurs in the optimal plastic temperature range of the material.

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