Double-end lathe and its processing method

Abstract

The application discloses a double-end square turning machine tool capable of simultaneously turning two ends of a part, and belongs to the technical field of metal cutting machine tools. The equipment comprises a machine tool body, a double-end clamp unit, a main shaft driving unit, a left machining unit, a right machining unit and a tail top unit. Different length shaft parts within a certain range can be machined, and turning flat square, three square, four square, five square, six square and eight square of two ends of the part can be completed at one time. The two-end square can realize parallel, perpendicular or other angle relationship. The application further provides a machining method of the double-end square turning machine tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal cutting machine tool technology, specifically to a double-head square turning machine tool, which can be used to process flat square, three-square, four-square, five-square, six-square, eight-square, etc., shapes from both ends of shaft parts. Background Technology

[0002] Existing square turning machines can only process one end of a part in a single clamping. However, many shaft-type parts require square turning (flat, three-sided, four-sided, hexagonal, etc.) at both ends. Most of these two ends have parallel, perpendicular, or other specific angular relationships. When using existing square turning machines, the other end of the part needs to be clamped and angularly positioned a second time before it can be processed.

[0003] Processing both ends sequentially and requiring two clamping operations does not shorten the part processing time, making it difficult to improve production efficiency. Furthermore, the positioning error from the two clamping operations can easily lead to difficulties in ensuring the angular accuracy of the machined surfaces at both ends. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A double-head square turning machine tool is characterized by comprising a bed, a double-head clamping unit, a spindle drive unit, a left machining unit, a right machining unit, and a tailstock unit; the double-head clamping unit and the spindle drive unit are arranged in the middle of the bed, the left machining unit and the right machining unit are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the bed, and the tailstock unit is arranged on the right side of the bed; both the left and right machining units include a Z-axis slide for axial feeding along the workpiece and an X-axis slide for radial feeding along the workpiece, and the effective Z-axis stroke of the right machining unit is greater than that of the left machining unit; the left machining unit is provided with a left-side length positioning end face for axial positioning during workpiece clamping.

[0005] Furthermore, the spindle drive unit includes a spindle servo motor and a synchronous belt drive mechanism. The spindle servo motor is connected to the double-head clamp unit through the synchronous belt drive mechanism, driving the double-head clamp unit to rotate the workpiece.

[0006] Furthermore, the dual-head clamping unit is a clamping structure that runs through both sides.

[0007] Furthermore, the left machining unit includes a left cross slide, a left Z-axis servo motor, a left X-axis servo motor, a left reducer, a left turning power head, a left cutter head, and a left turning servo motor. The left Z-axis servo motor drives the left cross slide to feed along the workpiece axial direction, and the left X-axis servo motor drives the left turning power head to feed along the workpiece radial direction. The input end of the left turning power head is connected to the left reducer and the left turning servo motor in sequence, and the output end is equipped with the left cutter head.

[0008] Furthermore, the right machining unit includes a right cross slide, a right Z-axis servo motor, a right X-axis servo motor, a right reducer, a right turning power head, a right cutter head, and a right turning servo motor; the effective Z-axis stroke of the right cross slide is greater than that of the left cross slide, and it can process workpieces of different lengths; the initial phase of the right cutter head or the right turning servo motor is adjusted according to the phase parameters at both ends of the workpiece.

[0009] Furthermore, the tailstock unit and the right machining unit are arranged on the same side of the workpiece axis on the right side of the machine bed. The tailstock unit includes a tailstock slide, a tailstock seat, a tailstock cylinder, and a rotary center. The tailstock slide is fixedly mounted on the machine bed parallel to the workpiece axis. The tailstock seat is mounted on the tailstock slide and can be adjusted in position along the axis and then locked in place. The tailstock cylinder is fixed to the tailstock seat and is used to drive the rotary center to extend and retract along the axis to tighten or loosen the workpiece.

[0010] Furthermore, both the left and right turning power heads adopt a single-axis reduction turning power head structure, with the left and right cutter heads arranged opposite each other to complete the turning and squaring of both ends of the workpiece.

[0011] Furthermore, the X and Z axes feeds of both the left and right machining units adopt a servo motor-driven ball screw transmission structure, and the feed position and feed speed can be individually controlled by the CNC system.

[0012] Furthermore, the tail-top slide table, in conjunction with the tail-top hydraulic cylinder, allows for pre-adjustment of the initial position of the tail-top seat according to the workpiece length.

[0013] This invention also discloses a machining method for a double-headed square turning machine tool, comprising the following steps: S1: Equipment debugging. Based on the length and diameter of the shaft to be processed and the phase parameters at both ends, take advantage of the fact that the effective Z-axis stroke of the right cross slide is greater than that of the left cross slide, adjust the initial Z-axis position of the right cross slide and the fixed position of the tailstock on the tailstock slide, replace the double-head chuck with the corresponding specification, and complete the zeroing of the XZ axis coordinates at both ends of the shaft through the CNC system. Set the initial angle value, speed ratio and speed of the left and right side servo motors and the spindle servo motor in the program. S2, workpiece clamping and positioning: load the workpiece into the double-headed clamping unit from the right side, so that the left end face of the workpiece is in contact with the left length positioning end face, start the tail top cylinder, drive the rotating center to clamp the right end face of the workpiece, and complete the workpiece clamping. S3, square turning machining: The spindle servo motor drives the double-head clamping unit through the synchronous belt transmission mechanism to make the workpiece rotate at a constant speed. The left square turning power head and the right square turning power head drive the left cutter head and the right cutter head to start cutting rotation respectively. The left machining unit and the right machining unit execute the X and Z direction feed motions respectively, and simultaneously or sequentially perform square turning forming machining on both ends of the workpiece.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention This invention uses an asymmetric dual-head machining architecture as its core, and achieves compatibility within a certain length range through integrated layout, asymmetric stroke design and tail top integrated design.

[0015] Specifically, it involves completing the square machining of both ends of the workpiece in one clamping, reducing clamping and part turnover processes, improving machining efficiency, avoiding positioning deviations caused by secondary clamping, and ensuring the angular accuracy and machining consistency of the machined surfaces at both ends.

[0016] The machined unit layout with axial asymmetric stroke, combined with a tail top structure with adjustable position, can be adapted to shaft parts of different lengths within a certain range. The operation of production changeover and adjustment is simplified, and the adaptability of the equipment to process multiple specifications is improved.

[0017] Processing both ends simultaneously improves production efficiency.

[0018] In addition to processing both ends simultaneously, this solution can also process both ends sequentially, or process any one end individually.

[0019] In summary, this invention represents a breakthrough in machining squares, moving from sequential single-head machining to simultaneous dual-head machining, and provides a dual-head machining solution. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the double-headed square turning machine tool of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left machining unit structure of the double-headed square turning machine tool of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the right machining unit structure of the double-headed square turning machine tool of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tail top unit structure of the double-headed square lathe of the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Bed; 2. Double-head clamping unit; 3. Spindle drive unit; 31. Spindle servo motor; 32. Synchronous belt drive mechanism; 4. Left machining unit; 41. Left cross slide; 42. Left Z-axis servo motor; 43. Left X-axis servo motor; 44. Left reducer; 45. Left square turning power head; 46. Left tool turret; 47. Left square turning servo motor; 5. Right machining unit; 51. Right cross slide; 52. Right Z-axis servo motor; 53. Right X-axis servo motor; 54. Right reducer; 55. Right square turning power head; 56. Right tool turret; 57. Right square turning servo motor; 6. Tail top unit; 61. Tail top straight slide; 62. Tail top seat; 63. Tail top cylinder; 64. Rotary center; 7. Left side length positioning end face. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See Example 1 Figure 1-4 The double-head square turning machine tool of this embodiment includes a bed 1, a double-head clamping unit 2, a spindle drive unit 3, a left machining unit 4, a right machining unit 5, and a tail lift unit 6. The double-head clamping unit 2 and the spindle drive unit 3 are arranged in the middle of the bed 1. The left machining unit 4 and the right machining unit 5 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the bed 1. The tail lift unit 6 is arranged on the right side of the bed 1. The left machining unit 4 and the right machining unit 5 each include a Z-axis slide that feeds along the workpiece axial direction and an X-axis slide that feeds along the workpiece radial direction. The effective Z-axis stroke of the right machining unit 5 is greater than that of the left machining unit 4, forming an axial asymmetric stroke layout. The left machining unit 4 is provided with a left-side length positioning end face 7 for axial positioning when the workpiece is clamped.

[0024] The bed 1 is made of integral cast iron and undergoes aging treatment, resulting in high rigidity and excellent shock absorption performance. All functional units are bolted to the guide rails or mounting surfaces of the bed 1 to ensure overall operating accuracy.

[0025] The spindle drive unit 3 includes a spindle servo motor 31 and a synchronous belt drive mechanism 32. The spindle servo motor 31 is connected to the spindle of the double-head clamping unit 2 through the synchronous belt drive mechanism 32, which can drive the double-head clamping unit 2 to drive the workpiece to achieve stepless speed regulation and rotation. The speed range can be set according to the processing requirements. The left processing unit 4 is provided with a left length positioning end face 7. The double-head clamping unit 2 is a clamping structure with both sides through. After the workpiece is loaded from the right side, the left end face can fit with the left length positioning end face 7 to achieve axial positioning. The double-head clamping unit 2 can replace the corresponding specification of the chuck to fix shafts of different diameters.

[0026] The left machining unit 4 includes a left cross slide 41, a left Z-axis servo motor 42, a left X-axis servo motor 43, a left reducer 44, a left turning head 45, a left cutter head 46, and a left turning servo motor 47. The left cross slide 41 is composed of stacked Z-axis and X-axis slides. The guide rail can be a linear ball guide rail, and the transmission uses a precision ball screw. The left Z-axis servo motor 42 drives the Z-axis slide to reciprocate along the workpiece axis, and the left X-axis servo motor 43 drives the X-axis slide to reciprocate along the workpiece radially. The left turning head 45 is fixedly installed on the X-axis slide. The input end is connected to the left turning servo motor 47 through the left reducer 44, and the output end is equipped with the left cutter head 46, on which a turning tool can be installed to complete the turning and forming of the left end of the workpiece.

[0027] The right machining unit 5 includes a right cross slide 51, a right Z-axis servo motor 52, a right X-axis servo motor 53, a right reducer 54, a right turning head 55, a right cutter head 56, and a right turning servo motor 57. The effective Z-axis stroke of the right cross slide 51 is greater than that of the left cross slide 41. By adjusting the initial axial position of the right turning head 55 through the right Z-axis servo motor 52, the machining requirements of the right end of workpieces of different lengths can be adapted. The initial phase of the right cutter head 56 or the right turning servo motor 57 can be adjusted according to the phase parameters of both ends of the workpiece.

[0028] The tailstock unit 6 is arranged along the workpiece axis on the right side of the bed 1, including a tailstock slide 61, a tailstock seat 62, a tailstock cylinder 63, and a rotary center 64. The tailstock slide 61 is fixedly mounted on the bed 1 parallel to the workpiece axis. The tailstock seat 62 is mounted on the tailstock slide 61 and can be adjusted axially and fixed by the tailstock cylinder 63 for pre-adjusting the clamping position of workpieces of different lengths. The tailstock cylinder 63 is fixedly mounted on the tailstock seat 62, and the piston rod can extend and retract axially. The rotary center 64 clamps the center hole on the right end face of the workpiece, providing right-end support for the workpiece and ensuring rotational stability during machining. During the cutting process, the tailstock seat 62 and the rotary center 64 remain in a fixed position.

[0029] In this embodiment, the left and right square power heads 45 and 55 adopt a single-axis reduction square power head structure, which integrates a reduction and transmission mechanism to drive the cutter head to achieve rotary cutting motion, and can process various cross-sectional shapes such as square and hexagonal; the left cutter head 46 and the right cutter head 56 are arranged opposite to each other, and can complete the cutting of both ends of the workpiece.

[0030] The X and Z directions of the left machining unit 4 and the right machining unit 5 are both driven by servo motors and ball screws. The feed position and feed speed can be individually controlled by the CNC system.

[0031] The machining method of this double-headed square turning machine tool is as follows: S1: Equipment debugging. Based on the length and diameter of the shaft to be processed and the phase parameters at both ends, the effective Z-axis stroke of the right cross slide 51 is greater than that of the left cross slide 41. Adjust the initial Z-axis position of the right cross slide 51 and the fixed position of the tail top seat 62 on the tail top slide 61. Replace the double-head chuck with the corresponding specification. The XZ axis coordinates of both ends of the shaft are zeroed through the CNC system. The program sets the initial angle value, speed ratio and speed of the left turn servo motor 47, the right turn servo motor 57 and the spindle servo motor 31. S2, workpiece clamping and positioning: load the workpiece into the double-headed clamping unit 2 from the right side, so that the left end face of the workpiece is in contact with the left length positioning end face 7, start the tail top cylinder 63, drive the rotating center 64 to press the right end face of the workpiece, and complete the workpiece clamping. S3, square turning machining: The spindle servo motor 31 drives the double-head clamping unit 2 to rotate the workpiece at a constant speed through the synchronous belt transmission mechanism 32. The left square turning power head 45 and the right square turning power head 55 drive the left cutter head 46 and the right cutter head 56 to start cutting rotation respectively. The left machining unit 4 and the right machining unit 5 execute the X-axis and Z-axis feed motion respectively, and simultaneously or sequentially perform square turning forming machining on both ends of the workpiece.

[0032] Innovative content This invention is the first to realize dual-head machining, centered on an asymmetric dual-head machining architecture, and innovates around three major requirements: machining efficiency, geometric accuracy, and multi-specification adaptability. The specific innovations are as follows: I. Double-headed asymmetrical layout The machining mode of single-head machining and double clamping is changed to a machining architecture with left machining unit 4 and right machining unit 5. The square machining of both ends of the workpiece can be completed in one clamping. The machining time is based on the end with longer processing time, which improves the overall production efficiency. The same clamping datum is used for machining of both ends, which reduces the angular positioning deviation of double clamping and improves the angular accuracy of the machined surfaces at both ends.

[0033] II. Single-sided long-stroke asymmetric design The asymmetrical layout of the single-sided long-stroke cross slide is adopted. The tail top straight slide 61 and the tail top cylinder 63 can pre-adjust the initial position of the tail top seat 62 according to the length of the workpiece, which can be compatible with shaft parts of different lengths within a large range. When changing production, only the initial position of the right cross slide 51 and the chuck specifications of the double-head clamp unit 2 need to be adjusted. There is no need to modify the main body of the equipment, which can meet the batch production needs of multiple varieties and specifications.

[0034] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-headed square turning machine tool, characterized in that, The machine includes a bed (1), a double-head clamping unit (2), a spindle drive unit (3), a left machining unit (4), a right machining unit (5), and a tailstock unit (6). The double-head clamping unit (2) and the spindle drive unit (3) are located in the middle of the bed (1). The left machining unit (4) and the right machining unit (5) are located on the left and right sides of the bed (1), respectively. The tailstock unit (6) is located on the right side of the bed (1). The left machining unit (4) and the right machining unit (5) each include a Z-axis slide that feeds along the workpiece axial direction and an X-axis slide that feeds along the workpiece radial direction. The effective Z-axis stroke of the right machining unit (5) is greater than that of the left machining unit (4). The left machining unit (4) is provided with a left-side length positioning end face (7) for axial positioning when the workpiece is clamped.

2. The double-headed square turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle drive unit (3) includes a spindle servo motor (31) and a synchronous belt transmission mechanism (32). The spindle servo motor (31) is connected to the double-head clamp unit (2) through the synchronous belt transmission mechanism (32) to drive the double-head clamp unit (2) to rotate the workpiece. The double-head clamp unit (2) is a clamping structure with two through sides.

3. The double-headed square turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left machining unit (4) includes a left cross slide (41), a left Z-axis servo motor (42), a left X-axis servo motor (43), a left reducer (44), a left turning head (45), a left cutter head (46), and a left turning servo motor (47). The left Z-axis servo motor (42) drives the left cross slide (41) to feed along the workpiece axial direction, and the left X-axis servo motor (43) drives the left turning head (45) to feed along the workpiece radial direction. The input end of the left turning head (45) is connected to the left reducer (44) and the left turning servo motor (47) in sequence, and the output end is equipped with the left cutter head (46).

4. The double-headed square turning machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The right machining unit (5) includes a right cross slide (51), a right Z-axis servo motor (52), a right X-axis servo motor (53), a right reducer (54), a right turning head (55), a right cutter head (56), and a right turning servo motor (57); the effective Z-axis stroke of the right cross slide (51) is greater than the effective Z-axis stroke of the left cross slide (41); the initial phase of the right cutter head (56) or the right turning servo motor (57) is adjusted according to the phase parameters at both ends of the workpiece.

5. The double-headed square turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tailstock unit (6) is arranged along the workpiece axis on the right side of the bed (1). The tailstock unit (6) includes a tailstock slide (61), a tailstock seat (62), a tailstock cylinder (63), and a rotary center (64). The tailstock slide (61) is fixedly arranged on the bed (1) parallel to the workpiece axis. The tailstock seat (62) is installed on the tailstock slide (61) and can be adjusted in position along the axis and then locked. The tailstock cylinder (63) is fixed to the tailstock seat (62) and is used to drive the rotary center (64) to extend and retract along the axis to tighten or loosen the workpiece.

6. The double-headed square turning machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, The left vehicle power head (45) and the right vehicle power head (55) adopt a single-axle reduction vehicle power head structure, and the left cutter head (46) and the right cutter head (56) are arranged opposite to each other.

7. The double-headed square turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X and Z directions of the left machining unit (4) and the right machining unit (5) are fed by a servo motor driven ball screw transmission structure, and the feed position and feed speed can be individually controlled by the CNC system.

8. The double-headed square turning machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tail top sliding table (61) works in conjunction with the tail top cylinder (63) to pre-adjust the initial position of the tail top seat (62) according to the length of the workpiece.

9. A machining method for a double-headed square turning machine tool, characterized in that, The double-headed squaring machine tool according to any one of claims 1-8 comprises the following steps: S1: Equipment debugging. Based on the length and diameter of the shaft to be processed and the phase parameters of both ends, the effective Z-direction stroke of the right cross slide (51) is greater than that of the left cross slide (41). Adjust the initial Z-direction position of the right cross slide (51) and the fixed position of the tail top seat (62) on the tail top slide (61). Replace the double-head chuck with the corresponding specification. The XZ axis coordinates of both ends of the shaft are zeroed through the CNC system. The program sets the initial angle value, speed ratio and speed of the left side servo motor (47), the right side servo motor (57) and the spindle servo motor (31). S2: Workpiece clamping and positioning: Load the workpiece into the double-headed clamping unit (2) from the right side, so that the left end face of the workpiece is in contact with the left length positioning end face (7), start the tail top cylinder (63), drive the rotating center (64) to press the right end face of the workpiece, and complete the workpiece clamping. S3: Square turning machining, the spindle servo motor (31) drives the double-head clamping unit (2) through the synchronous belt transmission mechanism (32) to drive the workpiece to rotate at a constant speed. The left square turning power head (45) and the right square turning power head (55) respectively drive the left cutter head (46) and the right cutter head (56) to start cutting rotation. The left machining unit (4) and the right machining unit (5) respectively execute the X-axis and Z-axis feed motion, and simultaneously or successively perform square turning forming machining on both ends of the workpiece.

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