Cutting device for processing components of industrial pump set

Abstract

The application discloses a cutting device for machining industrial pump group parts, and belongs to the technical field of cutting machining, which comprises a cutting structure, a clamping structure, a stabilizing structure and an industrial pump shell, wherein the cutting structure comprises a cutting rod, the cutting rod passes through a ring hoop on one side of the industrial pump shell and is located on the axis of the ring hoop, and a cutting tool is installed at one end of the cutting rod; the clamping structure is used for clamping and fixing the industrial pump shell; the stabilizing structure comprises a plate structure, a connecting seat, a numerical control oil cylinder, a laser emission end and a positioning module, and the connecting seat is internally provided with a bearing. The application avoids overload damage, long cutting rods are prone to flutter in cutting machining due to a large length-diameter ratio and poor rigidity, which leads to the problems of vibration marks on the machining surface of the inner cavity and size precision out-of-tolerance, the application guarantees sufficient rigid constraint during normal machining and can quickly release pressure to protect the mechanism under impact working conditions, so that stable cutting state and good machining surface quality are obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cutting and machining technology, and in particular to a cutting device for machining industrial pump components. Background Technology

[0002] Pump casing components in industrial pump sets have a cylindrical inner cavity with rings at both ends for mounting bearings or seals. During pump operation, the concentricity of the rotor shaft with the inner cavity and the rings determines the uniformity of the clearance between the impeller and the pump casing, directly affecting operating efficiency, vibration levels, and lifespan. If the concentricity deviation between the inner cavity and the rings is too large, the rotor will experience uneven wear against the pump casing during high-speed rotation, leading to reduced volumetric efficiency, increased energy consumption, and even premature seal failure or rotor jamming. Therefore, ensuring the concentricity of the inner cavity and the rings is a core requirement for controlling machining accuracy.

[0003] The inner cavity of this type of pump casing is typically machined using a boring process. Due to the large axial length of the pump casing, the cutting tool needs to be mounted at the end of a long cutting rod, which passes through the inner cavity of the pump casing for machining. In actual machining, it is usually divided into two stages: roughing and finishing. The roughing stage primarily aims to remove excess material, and the radial positional accuracy requirements for the cutting rod are relatively relaxed. At this stage, even if the cutting rod has a certain degree of deflection or runout, as long as it does not cause severe vibration, roughing can still be completed. However, as the machining accuracy requirements increase, in the finishing stage, the cutting rod must be stably maintained on the ideal axis of the pump casing to ensure that the final machined inner cavity is concentric with the end rings. In other words, one of the core tasks of the finishing stage is to complete the final shaping cut with the cutting rod axis coinciding with the ideal axis of the pump casing. This requires the end of the cutting rod to maintain a precise centering position throughout the machining process.

[0004] However, long cutting rods have a large length-to-diameter ratio and insufficient rigidity, making them prone to radial vibration and flexural deformation under cutting forces. This vibration directly leads to chatter marks on the machined surface, making it difficult to meet dimensional accuracy and surface roughness requirements. More importantly, the flexural deformation of the cutting rod causes its end axis to deviate from the ideal axis of the pump housing. Even if the pump housing is aligned during clamping, the actual movement trajectory of the cutting rod end may still deviate from the center, resulting in misalignment between the machined inner cavity and the two end rings. Especially in the finishing stage, if the cutting rod cannot be effectively constrained on the pump housing axis, the finishing allowance retained during roughing will be cut off in an eccentric state, making it impossible to correct the concentricity error between the inner cavity and the rings.

[0005] In existing technologies, fixed center supports or follow rests are often used to provide intermediate support for suppressing vibrations of long cutting rods. These support devices are mostly rigid and have fixed positions, making it impossible to adjust the support stiffness according to the actual vibration state. When the cutting rod vibrates at different frequencies and amplitudes due to tool wear or changes in material hardness, the fixed support cannot provide matching damping, resulting in limited vibration suppression. If the constraint force is too large, it may also restrict the normal micro-displacement of the cutting rod, introducing additional stress.

[0006] Regarding concentricity assurance, existing methods rely on machine tool positioning accuracy and workpiece clamping accuracy, using the end rings of the pump casing as a reference to align and fix the workpiece before boring. However, the bending deformation of the cutting rod during machining is dynamic, and operators lack online monitoring methods to know the current eccentricity of the cutting rod in real time. Whether it has deviated from the center, the amount of deviation, and when it will reach the concentric position cannot be intuitively judged during machining. Usually, concentricity can only be verified by offline measurement after machining is completed. Once the deviation exceeds the tolerance, the workpiece has already been machined, resulting in irreversible loss.

[0007] The aforementioned vibration suppression and concentricity detection are treated as two separate issues in existing technologies, failing to establish an effective correlation. Vibration suppression methods only focus on reducing amplitude, without integrating the vibration state with the cutting rod alignment process. Concentricity detection methods are mostly offline measurements, lacking real-time feedback capabilities, and cannot guide the cutting rod to gradually align and correct itself during machining. The lack of synergy between the two makes it difficult to simultaneously achieve vibration control and concentricity assurance in the machining of long cutting rods.

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cutting device for processing industrial pump components, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a cutting device for processing industrial pump components, comprising a cutting structure, a clamping structure, a stabilizing structure, and an industrial pump housing, wherein the cutting structure includes a cutting rod, the cutting rod passes through a ring on one side of the industrial pump housing and is positioned on the axis of the ring, and a cutting tool is mounted on one end of the cutting rod;

[0010] The clamping structure clamps and fixes the industrial pump casing;

[0011] The stabilizing structure includes a plate-like structure, a connecting seat, a CNC hydraulic cylinder, a laser emitting end, and a positioning module. The connecting seat has a built-in bearing and is connected to the end of the cutting rod away from the cutting tool through the bearing, allowing the cutting rod to rotate freely. The outer wall of the connecting seat is connected to the piston rod of the CNC hydraulic cylinder, and the cylinder body of the CNC hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the plate-like structure. The laser emitting end is installed at the center of the connecting seat on the side opposite to the cutting rod. The laser beam emitted by the laser emitting end passes through the ring on the other side of the industrial pump housing and then irradiates the positioning module.

[0012] It also includes an electronic control module, a control valve assembly, a vibration sensor, and a pressure sensor. The CNC cylinder is connected to the oil supply source and the oil tank through the control valve assembly. The control valve assembly includes a first outlet, a second outlet, and an inlet, each equipped with an electronically controlled valve. The effective flow diameter of the first outlet is smaller than that of the second outlet. The hydraulic path where the second outlet is located is divided into two parallel branches: the first branch is equipped with the electronically controlled valve, and the second branch is equipped with the damping spring and the sealing plate in series. The sealing plate normally closes the second branch under the preload of the damping spring.

[0013] The vibration sensor is mounted on the connecting seat and contacts the surface of the cutting rod, and the pressure sensor is set inside the CNC cylinder; the electronic control module is electrically connected to the vibration sensor, the pressure sensor and each electronic control valve, and controls the opening and closing or duty cycle of the electronic control valve of the first outlet according to the vibration frequency detected by the vibration sensor to adjust the oil discharge damping of the CNC cylinder; and controls the opening and closing of the electronic control valve of the second outlet according to the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor.

[0014] Furthermore, the cutting structure also includes a cutting slide rail, a clamping seat, and a motor; the cutting slide rail is laid along the axial direction of the industrial pump casing, the clamping seat is slidably installed on the cutting slide rail, the cutting rod is clamped and fixed on the clamping seat, and the motor is connected to the cutting rod through a belt and drives the cutting rod to rotate.

[0015] Furthermore, the clamping structure includes a clamping slide rail, a height push rod, a clamping push rod, and a clamping clip; the clamping slide rail is located below the industrial pump housing, the height push rod is slidably mounted on the clamping slide rail, and its top is engaged and fixed to the bottom of the industrial pump housing; the clamping push rod is located above the industrial pump housing and can extend and retract vertically, and its lower end is connected to a clamping clip, the clamping surface of which is in contact with the top outer wall of the industrial pump housing.

[0016] Furthermore, a limiting ring is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting seat, and the limiting ring is used to clamp the water spray pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, the positioning module is equipped with a laser receiver. The laser emitted by the laser emitter illuminates the laser receiver, and the laser receiver senses the position of the light spot to determine the deviation between the cutting rod axis and the ideal axis of the industrial pump casing.

[0018] Furthermore, the piston rod of the CNC cylinder extends and retracts in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cutting rod, thereby providing radially adjustable support to the end of the cutting rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the electrically controlled valve at the first outlet is a high-frequency switching valve, and the electrical control module controls the duty cycle of the electrically controlled valve through a pulse width modulation signal to continuously adjust the damping stiffness.

[0020] Furthermore, when the hydraulic pressure detected by the pressure sensor reaches a preset threshold, the electronic control module actively opens the electronic control valve of the second outlet to form a high-flow pressure relief path.

[0021] Furthermore, the laser emitting end and the laser receiving end constitute an online concentricity detection system. During the processing, by gradually replacing the cutting tool with one of larger diameter, the laser spot converges towards the center of the laser receiving end. When the spot is stably centered, it indicates that the axis of the cutting rod coincides with the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing.

[0022] Furthermore, the industrial pump casing is a cylindrical pump casing with rings at both ends, and the clamping structure uses the rings as a reference to position and clamp the industrial pump casing.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) This invention is achieved through a stable structure including a connecting seat, bearings, a CNC cylinder, a vibration sensor, a pressure sensor, an electrical control module, and a first outlet, a second outlet, a damping spring, and a sealing plate in the control valve group. The end of the cutting rod is installed in the connecting seat through a bearing. The connecting seat is radially supported by the CNC cylinder, forming an end constraint. During the cutting process, the cutting rod is subjected to cutting force and generates radial vibration. The vibration is transmitted to the piston rod of the CNC cylinder through the connecting seat. The piston moves to squeeze the hydraulic oil in the cylinder. The vibration sensor detects the vibration frequency of the cutting rod in real time and transmits the signal to the electrical control module. The electrical control module controls the opening and closing or duty cycle of the first outlet electrical control valve according to the vibration frequency characteristics. Since the diameter of the first outlet is small, the oil is subjected to throttling damping when passing through. This generates a damping force opposite to the direction of the vibration velocity, which reacts on the cutting rod to suppress its vibration amplitude. At the same time, when abnormal cutting conditions cause a sudden and rapid increase in pressure inside the CNC cylinder, the high-pressure oil overcomes the preload of the damping spring and pushes open the sealing plate, allowing the oil to be quickly discharged through the second outlet. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure has reached the threshold, the electronic control module actively opens the electronic control valve of the second outlet, forming a high-flow unloading path to avoid overload damage. Due to its large length-to-diameter ratio and poor rigidity, the long cutting rod is prone to chatter during cutting, which can lead to chatter marks and dimensional inaccuracies on the inner cavity surface. This mechanism ensures sufficient rigidity constraints during normal machining and provides rapid pressure relief protection under impact conditions, thereby achieving a stable cutting state and good surface quality.

[0025] (2) This invention is achieved through a laser emitting end, a positioning module, and a laser receiving end in a stable structure, as well as a height push rod, a clamping push rod, a clamping card in a clamping structure, and a replaceable cutting tool in a cutting structure. The laser emitting end is installed at the center of the connecting seat on the side away from the cutting rod. The laser beam emitted by the laser emitting end passes through the inner cavity of the industrial pump housing along the axis of the cutting rod and irradiates the laser receiving end of the positioning module at the other end. Since the connecting seat is connected to the end of the cutting rod through a bearing, the direction of the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting end always represents the current axial direction of the cutting rod. When the axis of the cutting rod does not coincide with the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing, the laser spot is offset on the laser receiving end. The offset is proportional to the eccentricity. During the processing, the operator first uses a cutting tool with a smaller diameter for the initial cut. At this time, the connecting seat at the end of the cutting rod swings with the cutting rod, and the CNC cylinder provides damping support to maintain stability. To ensure stable cutting, the laser receiver displays the laser spot eccentricity in real time. Larger diameter cutting tools are gradually replaced, and each hole enlargement brings the cutting rod axis closer to the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing, causing the laser spot to gradually converge towards the center of the receiver. When the laser spot is stably centered at the receiver, it indicates that the cutting rod axis coincides with the ideal axis of the rings at both ends of the industrial pump housing. At this point, the finishing stage begins. For industrial pump housing parts with rings at both ends, the concentricity between the inner cavity and the rings directly affects the degree of wear during pump operation. Excessive concentricity deviation leads to uneven wear between the rotor and the pump housing, reducing efficiency and shortening lifespan. An online concentricity detection system, consisting of a laser emitter and a positioning module, visualizes and quantifies the alignment process. Operators can judge the alignment status of the cutting rod in real time during processing, guiding tool changes and feed operations to ensure that the final machined inner cavity is strictly concentric with the rings. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting structure and clamping structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping structure in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stable structure in this invention;

[0031] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the control valve assembly in this invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the control valve assembly in this invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the stable structure in this invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning module in this invention.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1. Cutting structure; 11. Cutting slide rail; 12. Clamping seat; 13. Cutting rod; 14. Motor; 15. Cutting tool; 2. Clamping structure; 21. Height push rod; 22. Clamping push rod; 23. Clamping slide rail; 24. Clamping clip; 3. Stabilizing structure; 31. Connecting seat; 32. Bearing; 33. Limiting ring; 34. CNC cylinder; 341. Pressure sensor; 35. Electrical control module; 351. Control valve group; 352. First outlet; 353. Second outlet; 354. Inlet; 355. Electrically controlled valve; 356. Damping spring; 357. Sealing plate; 36. Vibration sensor; 37. Laser emitter; 38. Positioning module; 381. Laser receiver; 4. Industrial pump housing. Detailed Implementation

[0038] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, the directions mentioned herein, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, and outside, are all based on the directions shown in the figures of this invention, and are explained here together.

[0040] The connection method can be any existing method, such as bonding, welding, or bolting, depending on the actual needs.

[0041] Please see Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a cutting device for processing industrial pump components is used to cut the inner cavity and the end rings of the industrial pump casing 4, including a cutting structure 1, a clamping structure 2, a stabilizing structure 3 and the industrial pump casing 4.

[0042] The cutting structure 1 has a cutting slide rail 11, which is laid along the axial direction of the industrial pump housing 4. A clamping seat 12 is slidably mounted on the cutting slide rail 11, and the clamping seat 12 can reciprocate along the cutting slide rail 11. A cutting rod 13 is clamped and fixed on the clamping seat 12, and the axis of the cutting rod 13 is parallel to the cutting slide rail 11. The cutting rod 13 is connected to a motor 14 via a belt, and the motor 14 drives the cutting rod 13 to rotate around its own axis. The cutting rod 13 is positioned on the axis by a ring clamp on one side of the industrial pump housing 4, and a cutting tool 15 is fixed near the industrial pump housing 4. Through the feed of the clamping seat 12, the rotating cutting tool 15 cuts the inner wall of the industrial pump housing 4.

[0043] The clamping structure 2 includes a clamping slide rail 23, a height push rod 21, a clamping push rod 22, and a clamping clip 24. The clamping slide rail 23 is located below the industrial pump housing 4. The height push rod 21 is slidably mounted on the clamping slide rail 23 and its position can be adjusted along the axial direction of the industrial pump housing 4. Its top is engaged and fixed to the bottom of the industrial pump housing 4. The clamping push rod 22 is located above the industrial pump housing 4 and can extend and retract vertically. Its lower end is connected to the clamping clip 24, and the clamping surface of the clamping clip 24 is in contact with the top outer wall of the industrial pump housing 4. During clamping, the position of the height push rod 21 on the clamping slide rail 23 is adjusted to support the bottom of the industrial pump housing 4. Then, the clamping push rod 22 is driven to press down, and the clamping clip 24 presses the industrial pump housing 4 tightly onto the height push rod 21, completing radial and axial positioning.

[0044] The stabilizing structure 3 includes a plate-like structure, a connecting seat 31, a bearing 32, a CNC cylinder 34, a limiting ring 33, a vibration sensor 36, a pressure sensor 341, a laser emitting end 37, a positioning module 38, and a laser receiving end 381. The plate-like structure is vertically fixed and located at the end of the cutting rod 13 away from the cutting tool 15. The connecting seat 31 is a block-shaped body with a bearing 32 embedded in its central hole. The end of the cutting rod 13 passes through the inner ring of the bearing 32 and is fastened, allowing the cutting rod 13 to rotate freely while the connecting seat 31 does not rotate with it. The piston rod end of the CNC cylinder 34 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting seat 31. The cylinder body of the CNC cylinder 34 is fixed to the plate-like structure, and the extension and retraction direction of the piston rod is perpendicular to the axis of the cutting rod 13, thereby forming a radially adjustable support for the connecting seat 31 and the end of the cutting rod 13.

[0045] A limiting ring 33 is also fixed to the outer wall of the connecting seat 31. The limiting ring 33 is used to hold the water spray pipe. The nozzle of the water spray pipe is connected to the cutting area through a flexible hose to provide cooling and lubrication of the cutting fluid. A vibration sensor 36 is installed on the side of the connecting seat 31 facing the cutting rod 13. The detection end of the vibration sensor 36 is in direct contact with the surface of the cutting rod 13 to pick up the radial vibration of the cutting rod 13. A pressure sensor 341 is installed inside the CNC cylinder 34 to detect the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the cylinder in real time.

[0046] The laser emitter 37 is mounted at the center of the connecting seat 31 on the side opposite to the cutting rod 13, with the emission direction extending along the axis of the cutting rod 13. The laser beam passes through the inner cavity of the industrial pump housing 4. At the other end of the industrial pump housing 4, a positioning module 38 is correspondingly provided, and a laser receiver 381 is provided on the positioning module 38. The laser receiver 381 can sense the position of the light spot. The laser emitted by the laser emitter 37 illuminates the laser receiver 381, and the deviation between the axis of the cutting rod 13 and the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing 4 is determined by detecting the offset of the light spot.

[0047] The CNC cylinder 34 is connected to the control valve assembly 351 via a pipeline, and the control valve assembly 351 is controlled by the electronic control module 35. The control valve assembly 351 includes a first outlet 352, a second outlet 353, and an inlet 354, with an electronically controlled valve 355 installed on each hydraulic line. The electronically controlled valve 355 at the inlet 354 is connected to an oil supply source to replenish hydraulic oil to the pressure chamber of the CNC cylinder 34; both the first outlet 352 and the second outlet 353 lead to an oil tank. The effective flow diameter of the first outlet 352 is smaller than that of the second outlet 353. The hydraulic line where the second outlet 353 is located is divided into two parallel branches: the first branch is equipped with the electronically controlled valve 355, and the second branch is connected in series with the damping spring 356 and the sealing plate 357. The sealing plate 357 normally closes the second branch under the preload of the damping spring 356.

[0048] When the pressure inside the CNC cylinder 34 becomes too high instantaneously, the hydraulic pressure acting on the sealing plate 357 overcomes the spring force, and the sealing plate 357 compresses the damping spring 356 to open, allowing the oil to flow out from the second outlet 353. When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 341 reaches the preset threshold, the electronic control module 35 actively opens the electronic control valve 355 of the second outlet 353, forming a high-flow pressure relief path.

[0049] The electronic control module 35 simultaneously receives signals from the vibration sensor 36 and the pressure sensor 341, and controls the opening / closing or duty cycle of the electronically controlled valve 355 at the first outlet 352 based on the vibration frequency characteristics to adjust the discharge damping of the oil in the CNC cylinder 34. When the cutting rod 13 vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the piston rod of the CNC cylinder 34 through the connecting seat 31. The piston movement compresses the oil to flow out from the first outlet 352. Due to the flow-limiting effect of the first outlet 352, a damping force is generated, which in turn suppresses the vibration of the cutting rod 13. The electronic control module 35 dynamically adjusts the opening and closing of the electronically controlled valve 355 at the first outlet 352, which can change the damping stiffness and improve the rigid support for the cutting rod 13.

[0050] In the specific machining process, the industrial pump housing 4 is first fixed by the height push rod 21, the clamping push rod 22, and the clamping clip 24. A small-diameter cutting tool 15 is selected and installed on the cutting rod 13. The motor 14 is started to rotate the cutting rod 13, and the clamping seat 12 feeds along the cutting slide rail 11. The cutting tool 15 performs the initial cutting on the inner cavity of the industrial pump housing 4, which is the roughing stage. In the roughing stage, the main purpose of machining is to quickly remove the excess material in the inner cavity. At this time, the radial position accuracy requirement of the cutting rod 13 is relatively relaxed. Even if the cutting rod 13 has a certain degree of deflection and wobble, as long as it does not cause severe vibration, the roughing can still be completed. There is no need to demand strict concentricity between the axis of the cutting rod 13 and the ideal axis of the pump housing. During this stage, the vibration sensor 36 monitors the vibration of the cutting rod 13 in real time, and the electronic control module 35 adjusts the electronic control valve 355 of the first liquid outlet 352 to apply appropriate damping to suppress chatter; the laser spot emitted by the laser emitter 37 traces a trajectory on the laser receiver 381, and the operator can observe the eccentricity of the spot, but at this time the centering of the spot is not the adjustment target.

[0051] After rough machining, the remaining material in the inner cavity is reduced, and the process enters the semi-finishing and finishing stages. At this point, the machining accuracy requirements increase. The cutting rod 13 must gradually approach and ultimately stabilize on the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing 4 to ensure that the final machined inner cavity remains concentric with the end rings. To this end, the electronic control module 35 automatically controls the electronically controlled valves 355 of the inlet 354 and the first outlet 352, based on the direction and amount of the laser spot offset detected by the laser receiver 381, to supply or discharge oil to the pressure chamber of the CNC cylinder 34. This drives the piston rod to extend or retract, causing radial displacement of the connecting seat 31, thereby adjusting the spatial position of the end of the cutting rod 13, moving the laser spot towards the center of the receiver. After each adjustment, a larger diameter cutting tool 15 is used for reaming. The surface of the reamed inner cavity forms a new hole wall with the adjusted axis of the cutting rod 13 as a reference. After the hole is enlarged, the position of the connecting seat 31 is adjusted again based on the laser spot deviation, and a larger diameter cutting tool is used. This process is iterated step by step, with each adjustment and hole enlargement bringing the axis of the cutting rod 13 one step closer to the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing 4, and the laser spot also converges towards the center of the receiving end. During this gradual alignment process, the vibration sensor 36 continuously monitors the vibration of the cutting rod 13, and the electronic control module 35 adjusts the electronic control valve 355 of the first liquid outlet 352 to provide appropriate support damping to suppress chatter that may be caused by the adjustment of the position of the cutting rod 13 and changes in cutting force, ensuring the smoothness of the alignment process. When the laser spot position detected by the laser receiving end 381 is stably at the center of the receiving end, it indicates that the axis of the cutting rod 13 has coincided with the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing 4. At this time, the cutting rod 13 has been accurately aligned and enters the final finishing stage. During the finishing stage, the cutting rod 13 is kept in the center position under the damping support of the CNC cylinder 34, and the inner cavity is bored with the cutting tool 15 of the final size, and finally the inner cavity concentric with the two end rings is bored out.

[0052] If abnormal conditions such as tool chipping or foreign object inclusion occur during machining, the cutting rod 13 is subjected to a sudden and violent impact, resulting in a sudden change in radial displacement and a sharp increase in pressure within the CNC cylinder 34. The high-pressure hydraulic fluid overcomes the preload of the damping spring 356 and directly pushes open the sealing plate 357, with some fluid being discharged back into the oil tank through the second outlet 353. Simultaneously, the pressure sensor 341 detects that the pressure has reached the threshold, and the electronic control module 35 opens the electronically controlled valve 355 of the second outlet 353, providing a rapid unloading channel to prevent excessive pressure within the cylinder from damaging the seals or mechanical structure, thus providing overload protection.

[0053] The following issues may be encountered and need to be explained:

[0054] During machining, splashing of cutting fluid and chips is a common occurrence. Although the laser emitter 37 is mounted on the side of the connector 31 away from the cutting rod 13 and is located outside the industrial pump housing 4, cutting fluid mist and fine chips can still adhere to the lens surface of the laser emitter 37 or the receiving surface of the laser receiver 381, causing laser spot signal attenuation or scattering, affecting the accurate detection of the spot position. Therefore, in practical use, it is advisable to install air curtains or protective covers on the laser emitter 37 and the laser receiver 381 to keep the optical surfaces clean.

[0055] The bending deformation of the cutting rod 13 does not occur only at the end, but is continuously distributed along the rod body. The CNC cylinder 34 only provides radial support to the end of the cutting rod 13, while the cutting tool 15 is located at the other end of the cutting rod 13, with no support in the middle section. When the cutting force changes, the bending shape of the cutting rod 13 changes accordingly. Although the end support can effectively suppress the radial vibration at the end, it has limited control over the deformation of the middle section of the cutting rod 13. If the clamping span of the clamping seat 12 on the cutting rod 13 is large and the middle overhang is too long, even if the end is constrained, the middle part of the cutting rod 13 may still bend due to the cutting force, causing the actual cutting position at the tool to deviate from the axis. Therefore, in practical applications, this device needs to be designed according to the diameter and length of the cutting rod 13, and the span between the clamping seat 12 and the connecting seat 31 should be set reasonably. If necessary, auxiliary supports or guide sleeves should be added in the middle of the cutting rod 13 to limit the bending in the middle section.

[0056] During the semi-finishing and finishing stages, the operator adjusts the position of the connecting seat 31 using the CNC cylinder 34 based on the laser spot offset, and then changes the tool to enlarge the hole, hoping that the axis of the cutting rod 13 will converge towards the ideal axis after each iteration. However, the cutting force of the cutting tool 15 during hole enlargement will cause the cutting rod 13 to undergo new flexural deformation. Adjusting the position of the connecting seat 31 changes the spatial position of the end of the cutting rod 13, but due to the coupling of cutting force and flexural deformation, the actual offset of the tool end is not linearly related to the adjustment amount at the end. If the operator only makes equal adjustments based on the spot offset without considering the influence of the flexural stiffness of the cutting rod 13 and the cutting force, over-adjustment or under-adjustment may occur, resulting in slow convergence speed or even oscillation and non-convergence. Therefore, in actual operation, a step-by-step approximation strategy should be adopted, with the single adjustment amount being smaller than the spot offset, and multiple small-step adjustments and hole enlargement iterations to ensure the stability of convergence.

[0057] The working principle begins with clamping and preparation before machining. The industrial pump housing 4 is placed on the height push rod 21 on the clamping slide rail 23. The position of the height push rod 21 is adjusted along the axial direction so that its top engages with the bottom of the industrial pump housing 4. Then, the clamping push rod 22 drives the clamping clamp 24 to press down, pressing and fixing the industrial pump housing 4, thus completing radial and axial positioning. A smaller diameter cutting tool 15 is installed at the end of the cutting rod 13. The cutting rod 13 is clamped and fixed by the clamping seat 12, and its end passes through the bearing 32 in the connecting seat 31 of the stabilizing structure 3 and is tightened, allowing the cutting rod 13 to rotate freely.

[0058] The roughing stage then begins. Motor 14 drives the cutting rod 13 to rotate around its own axis via a belt. Clamping seat 12 feeds along cutting guide rail 11 towards the industrial pump housing 4. Cutting tool 15 cuts the inner cavity to quickly remove excess material. At this stage, the axis of cutting rod 13 is not yet at the ideal center of the pump housing, exhibiting deflection and wobbling. Connecting seat 31 moves with the end of cutting rod 13, and the piston rod of CNC cylinder 34 extends and retracts accordingly. Vibration sensor 36 directly contacts the surface of cutting rod 13, picking up radial vibration signals in real time and transmitting them to the electronic control module 35. The electronic control module 35 controls the opening and closing or duty cycle of the first outlet 352 electronic valve 355 based on the vibration frequency characteristics. Utilizing the small diameter throttling effect of the first outlet 352, a damping force is generated when the oil is discharged, which in turn suppresses the vibration of cutting rod 13. At the same time, the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 37 passes through the ring on the other side of the industrial pump housing 4 and irradiates the laser receiver 381 of the positioning module 38. The light spot deviates from the center due to the eccentricity of the cutting rod 13. The operator can observe the eccentricity, but at this time, the centering of the light spot is not the adjustment target.

[0059] If abnormal impacts such as tool chipping or foreign object inclusion occur during rough machining, the radial displacement of the cutting rod 13 changes abruptly, and the pressure inside the CNC cylinder 34 rises sharply. The high-pressure oil directly overcomes the preload force of the damping spring 356 to push open the sealing plate 357, and is quickly discharged back to the oil tank through the second branch and the second outlet 353, achieving mechanical passive pressure relief. At the same time, the pressure sensor 341 detects that the pressure has reached the threshold, and the electronic control module 35 actively opens the electronically controlled valve 355 of the second outlet 353, forming a high-flow pressure relief path to avoid overload damage.

[0060] After rough machining, the semi-finishing and finishing stages of centering adjustment begin. The electronic control module 35, based on the direction and amount of laser spot offset detected by the laser receiver 381, automatically controls the electronic valves 355 of the inlet 354 and the first outlet 352 to supply or discharge oil to the pressure chamber of the CNC cylinder 34. This drives the piston rod to extend or retract, causing radial displacement of the connecting seat 31, thereby adjusting the spatial position of the end of the cutting rod 13 and moving the laser spot towards the center of the receiver. After each adjustment, a larger diameter cutting tool 15 is used for reaming. The inner cavity surface after reaming forms a new hole wall with the adjusted cutting rod 13 axis as a reference. After reaming, the laser spot deviation is checked again, and the connecting seat 31 position is adjusted again, with a larger diameter tool replaced. This iterative process ensures that each adjustment and reaming brings the cutting rod 13 axis one step closer to the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing 4. During this process, the vibration sensor 36 continuously monitors the vibration, and the electronic control module 35 adjusts the first liquid outlet 352 and the electronic control valve 355 to provide appropriate damping, suppressing chatter caused by position adjustment and changes in cutting force, and ensuring the smoothness of the centering process.

[0061] When the laser spot detected by the laser receiver 381 is stably centered, it indicates that the axis of the cutting rod 13 has coincided with the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing 4. At this point, the cutting rod 13 is precisely centered and enters the final finishing stage. During the finishing stage, the cutting rod 13 is kept in the centered position under the damping support of the CNC cylinder 34, and the inner cavity is bored with the cutting tool 15 of the final size, ultimately boring out an inner cavity concentric with the two end rings. Throughout the machining process, the external water spray pipe, which is clamped by the limiting ring 33, moves with the connecting seat 31, continuously providing cutting fluid cooling and lubrication to the cutting area.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "one" and "two" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cutting device for processing industrial pump components, comprising a cutting structure (1), a clamping structure (2), a stabilizing structure (3), and an industrial pump housing (4), characterized in that: The cutting structure (1) includes a cutting rod (13), which passes through a ring on one side of the industrial pump housing (4) and is positioned on the axis of the ring. A cutting tool (15) is installed at one end of the cutting rod (13). The clamping structure (2) clamps and fixes the industrial pump casing (4); The stabilizing structure (3) includes a plate structure, a connecting seat (31), a CNC cylinder (34), a laser emitting end (37), and a positioning module (38). The connecting seat (31) has a built-in bearing (32) and is connected to the end of the cutting rod (13) away from the cutting tool (15) through the bearing (32), so that the cutting rod (13) can rotate freely. The outer wall of the connecting seat (31) is connected to the piston rod of the CNC cylinder (34), and the cylinder body of the CNC cylinder (34) is fixed on the plate structure. The laser emitting end (37) is installed at the center of the connecting seat (31) on the side away from the cutting rod (13). The laser beam emitted by the laser emitting end (37) passes through the ring on the other side of the industrial pump housing (4) and then irradiates the positioning module (38). It also includes an electronic control module (35), a control valve group (351), a vibration sensor (36), and a pressure sensor (341). The CNC cylinder (34) is connected to the oil supply source and the oil tank through the control valve group (351). The control valve group (351) includes a first outlet (352), a second outlet (353), and an inlet (354), all of which are equipped with an electronic control valve (355). The effective flow diameter of the first outlet (352) is smaller than that of the second outlet (353). The liquid path where the second outlet (353) is located is divided into two parallel branches: the first branch is equipped with the electronic control valve (355), and the second branch is equipped with the damping spring (356) and the sealing plate (357) connected in series. The sealing plate (357) normally closes the second branch under the preload of the damping spring (356). The vibration sensor (36) is mounted on the connecting seat (31) and contacts the surface of the cutting rod (13). The pressure sensor (341) is located inside the CNC cylinder (34). The electronic control module (35) is electrically connected to the vibration sensor (36), the pressure sensor (341), and each electronic control valve (355). It controls the opening and closing or duty cycle of the electronic control valve (355) of the first outlet (352) according to the vibration frequency detected by the vibration sensor (36) to adjust the oil discharge damping of the CNC cylinder (34). It also controls the opening and closing of the electronic control valve (355) of the second outlet (353) according to the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor (341).

2. The cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting structure (1) also includes a cutting slide rail (11), a clamping seat (12) and a motor (14); the cutting slide rail (11) is laid along the axial direction of the industrial pump casing (4), the clamping seat (12) is slidably installed on the cutting slide rail (11), the cutting rod (13) is clamped and fixed on the clamping seat (12), and the motor (14) is connected to the cutting rod (13) through a belt and drives the cutting rod (13) to rotate.

3. The cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping structure (2) includes a clamping slide rail (23), a height push rod (21), a clamping push rod (22), and a clamping clip (24). The clamping slide rail (23) is located below the industrial pump housing (4). The height push rod (21) is slidably mounted on the clamping slide rail (23), and its top is engaged and fixed to the bottom of the industrial pump housing (4). The clamping push rod (22) is located above the industrial pump housing (4) and can extend and retract vertically. Its lower end is connected to the clamping clip (24), and the clamping surface of the clamping clip (24) is in contact with the top outer wall of the industrial pump housing (4).

4. The cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the connecting seat (31) is also fixed with a limiting ring (33), which is used to clamp the water spray pipe.

5. The cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning module (38) is equipped with a laser receiver (381). The laser emitted by the laser emitter (37) irradiates the laser receiver (381). The laser receiver (381) senses the position of the light spot to determine the deviation between the axis of the cutting rod (13) and the ideal axis of the industrial pump casing (4).

6. The cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston rod of the CNC cylinder (34) extends and retracts in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cutting rod (13) to form a radially adjustable support for the end of the cutting rod (13).

7. The cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first outlet (352) has an electrically controlled valve (355) that is a high-frequency switching valve. The electrical control module (35) controls the duty cycle of the electrically controlled valve (355) through a pulse width modulation signal to continuously adjust the damping stiffness.

8. The cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the pressure inside the CNC cylinder (34) rises instantaneously to overcome the spring force, the sealing plate (357) compresses the spring and opens; when the hydraulic pressure detected by the pressure sensor (341) reaches the preset threshold, the electronic control module (35) actively opens the electronic control valve (355) of the second outlet (353) to form a high-flow pressure relief passage.

9. A cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser emitting end (37) and the laser receiving end (381) form a concentricity detection, and when the light spot is stably in the center, the axis of the cutting rod (13) is aligned with the ideal axis of the industrial pump housing (4).

10. A cutting device for processing industrial pump unit components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The industrial pump casing (4) is a cylindrical pump casing with rings at both ends. The clamping structure (2) uses the rings as a reference to position and clamp the industrial pump casing (4).

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