A laser cutting device for forming a large split bend V groove

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of laser cutting and discloses a laser cutting device for forming a V-shaped groove of a large-scale split elbow, which comprises a base, an arc-shaped bracket is arranged on the upper surface of the base, and the arc-shaped bracket is used for supporting an elbow piece; and a cutting part, which comprises a base body, a rotating shaft is rotationally connected in the base body, a suspension beam arm is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotating shaft, and a sliding seat is horizontally and slidably connected to the outer surface of the suspension beam arm. The laser cutting device for forming a V-shaped groove of a large-scale split elbow can effectively solve the problem that, in the prior art, traditional cutting equipment usually adopts single laser head single-time cutting of a single-side groove, the inner-arc groove and the outer-arc groove of the elbow piece usually need to be clamped and cut twice, the positioning reference between the two clamping times is not unified, it is difficult to guarantee the angle consistency and symmetry of the inner-arc groove and the outer-arc groove, and the subsequent assembly and welding quality are affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, and more specifically to a laser cutting device for forming V-shaped bevels on large split elbows. Background Technology

[0002] Large elbows are critical connectors in pipeline systems across petrochemical, nuclear power, water conservancy, and shipbuilding industries. They are typically formed by welding together two symmetrical elbow plates. Large elbows cannot be stamped as a single unit; instead, two identical sector shapes are cut from raw steel plates. The cut material is then heated, placed in a specific mold for pressing, and cooled to form the elbow plate. Because the pressed elbow plate has uneven edges, a V-groove is cut for subsequent welding.

[0003] In existing technologies, traditional cutting equipment often uses a single laser head to cut a single-sided bevel in a single operation. The inner and outer arc bevels of the elbow piece usually need to be clamped and cut twice. There is a problem of inconsistent positioning reference between the two clamping operations, making it difficult to ensure the consistency and symmetry of the angles of the inner and outer arc bevels, which affects the quality of subsequent assembly and welding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a laser cutting device for forming V-shaped bevels on large split elbows. This device effectively solves the problem that traditional cutting equipment often uses a single laser head to cut a single side bevel in a single operation. The inner and outer arc bevels of the elbow piece typically require two clamping and two cutting operations. The positioning references between the two clamping operations are not consistent, making it difficult to ensure the angle consistency and symmetry of the inner and outer arc bevels, which affects the quality of subsequent assembly and welding.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a laser cutting device for forming V-shaped bevels on large split elbows, comprising: The base has an arc-shaped support on its upper surface, which supports the elbow piece. The upper surface of the base has air-float holes, which are used to blow high-pressure gas between the arc-shaped support and the upper surface of the base to form air-float support, reduce the frictional resistance when the elbow piece moves, facilitate the initial placement and position adjustment of the elbow piece, and prevent the lower surface of the elbow piece from being scratched. The cutting section includes a base, a rotating shaft rotatably connected inside the base, a cantilever arm fixedly connected to the top end of the rotating shaft, a sliding seat slidably connected to the outer surface of the cantilever arm, a vertical sliding frame slidably connected to the outer surface of the sliding seat, a telescopic rod embedded inside the sliding seat, the top end of the telescopic rod being fixedly connected to the inner top end of the vertical sliding frame, a horizontal rod fixedly installed at the bottom end of the vertical sliding frame, and a connecting rod slidably connected to the horizontal rod through a groove formed inside it. There are two connecting rods, distributed on both sides of the vertical sliding frame. A laser head one is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod closer to the rotating shaft, and a laser head two is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod farther from the rotating shaft. The positioning part is located on the upper surface of the base to ensure that the arc center of the elbow piece coincides with the central axis of the rotating shaft.

[0006] Furthermore, the positioning unit includes a hydraulic cylinder embedded inside the base. The hydraulic cylinder serves as the power source for the positioning unit, driving a push rod to reciprocate horizontally. A push rod is fixedly connected to the outer end of the hydraulic cylinder's output rod. The base is slidably connected to a moving block via a slide rail groove on its upper surface. The extension line of the slide rail groove intersects the axis of rotation. Two slide rail grooves are provided, symmetrically distributed on the front and rear sides of the hydraulic cylinder. Correspondingly, two moving blocks are also provided, each engaging with one of the two slide rail grooves. The symmetrical arrangement of the two moving blocks allows for simultaneous positioning from both sides of the elbow piece, improving the symmetry and accuracy of the positioning. The moving block is slidably connected to connecting rod one and connecting rod two via limiting holes on its outer end. Abutment balls are fixedly connected to the outer ends of both connecting rods one and two. These abutment balls contact the inner arc surface of the elbow piece, adapting to changes in the curvature of the arc surface through spherical contact, ensuring contact stability and positioning accuracy.

[0007] Furthermore, a shaft is embedded inside the movable block near the rotating shaft end, and a groove is formed inside the push rod that fits against the outer circumferential surface of the shaft. When the hydraulic cylinder drives the push rod to move, the push rod, through the cooperation of the groove and the shaft, pushes the movable block to slide along the slide rail groove. The groove fits against the circumferential surface of the shaft, which can transmit thrust and allow relative displacement between the push rod and the movable block to accommodate assembly errors and position changes during movement. A follower is provided in the middle of the movable block for adjusting the distance between the two abutting balls.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer surfaces of both connecting rod one and connecting rod two are in contact with the inner wall surface of the limiting hole. A central groove is provided at the inner end of connecting rod one, and a side groove is provided at the inner end of connecting rod two. The central groove and the side groove are staggered.

[0009] Furthermore, the follower includes a bidirectional lead screw rotatably connected to the inside of the moving block, a toothed ring fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the bidirectional lead screw on the outer side of the moving block, a toothed rod fixedly connected inside the slide rail groove, the pointed end of the toothed ring extending out of the bottom surface of the moving block and meshing with the toothed rod, a nut block threadedly connected to the outer circumference of the bidirectional lead screw, and a diagonal connecting rod fixedly connected to the outer surface of the abutment ball on the side of the nut block.

[0010] Furthermore, each of the bidirectional lead screws has two nut blocks on its outer circumferential surface, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the moving block. Since the threads at both ends of the bidirectional lead screw rotate in opposite directions, when the lead screw rotates, the two nut blocks move synchronously towards or away from each other, thereby causing the two abutting balls to symmetrically move closer or further away, ensuring that the two abutting balls always maintain a symmetrical relationship with respect to the center of the moving block, thus ensuring accurate alignment.

[0011] Furthermore, the line connecting the centers of the two contact balls on the same moving block is perpendicular to the central axis of the moving block, that is, the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting the centers of the two contact balls coincides with the central axis of the moving block.

[0012] Furthermore, a positioning block is slidably connected to the upper surface of the base, and an outer arc positioning ball is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning block near the rotation axis. The center of the outer arc positioning ball and the center of the abutment ball are located on the same horizontal plane, and the extension line of the sliding path of the positioning block coincides with the extension line of the slide rail groove.

[0013] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. This invention includes a first laser head and a second laser head, which are respectively positioned on both sides of a vertical moving frame, corresponding to the inner and outer arc bevels, respectively. Two connecting rods can slide along the grooves of a horizontal rod to adjust their spacing, and the vertical moving frame can slide vertically along a sliding seat to adjust its height. The bottom ends of the connecting rods can rotate to adjust the laser beam incident angle. During cutting, the first and second laser heads work synchronously, and the rotating shaft drives the cantilever arm to rotate and feed. Because the arc center of the bent piece is precisely aligned with the central axis of the rotating shaft through the positioning part, the movement trajectories of the first and second laser heads match the inner and outer arc curves of the bent piece when the cantilever arm rotates. During the circumferential feeding of the laser beam along the arc surface, the focal point always falls on the preset cutting path without trajectory deviation, ensuring the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the bevel.

[0014] 2. In existing technologies, elbows typically weigh several tons. When loaded, they are placed directly on a flat base. Due to the lack of effective support, they are prone to tipping or tilting, posing serious safety hazards and causing surface damage that affects subsequent welding quality. This invention provides an arc-shaped support on the upper surface of the base, perfectly conforming to the outer contour of the lower half of the elbow. The upper surface of the arc-shaped support has an arc-shaped groove that perfectly matches the curvature of the lower surface of the elbow. During loading, the elbow naturally falls into the groove under its own weight, its bottom curvature tightly fitting the inner wall of the groove on the upper surface of the arc-shaped support, thus forcibly maintaining a horizontal position. Even if the elbow's center of gravity deviates from its geometric center, the complete support of the arc-shaped support on the bottom curvature of the elbow prevents it from tipping or tilting.

[0015] 3. In this invention, the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting the centers of the two contact balls coincides with the central axis of the moving block, and the moving block is slidably connected within the slide rail groove, the extension line of the slide rail groove precisely intersects the axis of rotation. When the two contact balls on each moving block simultaneously approach the inner arc surface of the elbow piece, the assembly can move freely horizontally due to the air-floating suspension of the arc-shaped support. The contact balls will push the entire assembly to translate and rotate until the two contact balls corresponding to the moving block simultaneously contact the inner arc surface of the elbow piece. At this time, according to the geometric properties of a circle (the perpendicular bisector of a chord must pass through the center of the circle), the arc center of the elbow piece must fall on the central axis of the moving block, and thus precisely coincide with the axis of rotation.

[0016] 4. A follower is installed in the middle of the moving block. When the moving block feeds along the slide rail groove, the gear ring rotates under the drive of the fixed gear rod, which drives the double-acting screw to rotate, thereby driving the two nut blocks to move towards or away from each other. Through the inclined connecting rod, the two abutting balls move closer or further away synchronously. The larger the feed stroke of the moving block (corresponding to a large radius elbow piece), the larger the span between the two abutting balls; the smaller the feed stroke (corresponding to a small radius elbow piece), the smaller the span. The follower uses the meshing transmission between the gear ring and the gear rod in the slide rail groove to accurately convert the linear feed of the moving block into the rotation angle of the double-acting screw, which then drives the two nut blocks to move towards or away from each other. Finally, the inclined connecting rod drives the abutting balls to automatically adjust the spacing. The follower of this invention achieves adaptive adjustment of the support span and the arc radius of the elbow piece: when processing elbow pieces with a large arc radius, the follower automatically increases the arc contact span of the two contacting balls and expands the inner arc support chord length, which is equivalent to sampling and constraining the center position within a larger arc length range, reducing the accumulation of center positioning error and significantly improving the fitting accuracy of center coincidence; when processing elbow pieces with a small arc radius, the follower automatically shrinks the support span to avoid local virtual contact and support misalignment caused by excessive span, ensuring that elbows with small arc radii also have a high-precision centering reference. The equipment is highly versatile and can cover the processing needs of large elbow pieces of various specifications. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting section in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base, arc-shaped support, and positioning part according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the abutment ball, elbow piece, and outer arc positioning ball according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the moving block, connecting rod one, connecting rod two, and abutting ball according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the separated structure of the moving block, connecting rod one, and connecting rod two according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elbow piece according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The labels in the diagram represent: 100. Elbow plate; 1. Base; 10. Slide rail groove; 11. Arc-shaped support; 2. Cutting section; 21. Base; 22. Rotating shaft; 23. Cantilever arm; 24. Sliding seat; 241. Telescopic rod; 25. Vertical shifting frame; 26. Horizontal rod; 261. Slide groove; 27. Connecting rod; 28. Laser head one; 29. ​​Laser head two; 3. Positioning section; 31. Hydraulic cylinder; 32. Push rod; 321. Moving groove; 33. Moving block; 331. Shaft; 341. Connecting rod one; 3411. Central groove; 342. Connecting rod two; 3421. Side groove; 35. Abutment ball; 36. Follower; 361. Two-way lead screw; 362. Gear ring; 363. Gear bar; 364. Nut block; 365. Diagonal connecting rod; 37. Positioning block; 371. Outer arc positioning ball. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0022] Example:

[0023] Please see Figures 1-9 This invention provides a technical solution: a laser cutting device for forming V-shaped bevels on large split elbows, comprising: The base 1 has an arc-shaped support 11 on its upper surface. The arc-shaped support 11 is used to support the elbow piece 100. The upper surface of the base 1 is provided with air-float holes. The air-float holes are used to blow high-pressure gas between the arc-shaped support 11 and the upper surface of the base 1 to form an air-float support. The cutting section 2 includes a base 21. A rotating shaft 22 is rotatably connected inside the base 21. A cantilever arm 23 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating shaft 22. A sliding seat 24 is horizontally slidably connected to the outer surface of the cantilever arm 23. A vertical sliding frame 25 is vertically slidably connected to the outer surface of the sliding seat 24. A telescopic rod 241 is embedded inside the sliding seat 24. The top of the telescopic rod 241 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner side of the vertical sliding frame 25. A horizontal rod 26 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the vertical sliding frame 25. A connecting rod 27 is slidably connected to the horizontal rod 26 through a groove 261 opened inside it. There are two connecting rods 27, which are distributed on both sides of the vertical sliding frame 25. A laser head 28 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the connecting rod 27 on the side closer to the rotating shaft 22, and a laser head 29 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the connecting rod 27 on the side farther from the rotating shaft 22. The positioning part 3 is provided on the upper surface of the base 1 to ensure that the arc center of the elbow piece 100 coincides with the central axis of the rotating shaft 22.

[0024] The positioning part 3 includes a hydraulic cylinder 31 embedded inside the base 21. The outer end of the output rod of the hydraulic cylinder 31 is fixedly connected to a push rod 32. The base 1 is slidably connected to a moving block 33 through a slide rail groove 10 opened on its upper surface. The extension line of the slide rail groove 10 intersects the axis of the rotation shaft 22. There are two slide rail grooves 10, which are symmetrically distributed on the front and rear sides of the hydraulic cylinder 31. The moving block 33 is slidably connected to a connecting rod 341 and a connecting rod 342 through a limiting hole opened on its outer end. The outer ends of the connecting rod 341 and the connecting rod 342 are fixedly connected to a stop ball 35.

[0025] The movable block 33 has a shaft 331 embedded inside one end near the rotating shaft 22. The push rod 32 has a groove 321 inside that fits with the outer circumference of the shaft 331. The middle part of the movable block 33 is provided with a follower 36 for adjusting the distance between the two abutting balls 35.

[0026] The outer surfaces of connecting rod 1 341 and connecting rod 2 342 are in contact with the inner wall surface of the limiting hole. The inner end of connecting rod 1 341 is provided with a central groove 3411, and the inner end of connecting rod 2 342 is provided with a side groove 3421. The central groove 3411 and the side groove 3421 are staggered.

[0027] The follower 36 includes a bidirectional lead screw 361 rotatably connected to the inside of the moving block 33. A toothed ring 362 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the bidirectional lead screw 361 on the outside of the moving block 33. A toothed bar 363 that meshes with the outer surface of the toothed ring 362 is fixedly connected inside the slide rail groove 10. A nut block 364 is fitted on the outer circumference of the bidirectional lead screw 361. A diagonal connecting rod 365 that connects to the outer surface of the abutment ball 35 is fixedly connected to the side of the nut block 364.

[0028] Each bidirectional lead screw 361 has two nut blocks 364 on its outer circumference, and the two nut blocks 364 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the moving block 33.

[0029] The perpendicular bisector of the line connecting the centers of the two contacting balls 35 coincides with the central axis of the moving block 33.

[0030] A positioning block 37 is slidably connected to the upper surface of the base 1, and an outer arc positioning ball 371 is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning block 37 near the rotation axis 22. The center of the outer arc positioning ball 371 and the center of the abutment ball 35 are located on the same horizontal plane, and the extension line of the sliding path of the positioning block 37 coincides with the extension line of the slide rail groove 10.

[0031] The feeding process of elbow piece 100: In the initial state, the operator uses a workshop crane to lift the arc-shaped support 11, which is suitable for the bottom shape of the elbow piece 100 to be processed, and place it in a predetermined position on the upper surface of the base 1. The lower surface of the arc-shaped support 11 is a flat metal plane, and the upper surface is provided with an arc-shaped groove that completely fits the outer contour of the lower half of the elbow piece 100.

[0032] Subsequently, the large elbow piece 100 (i.e., half a bend) to be processed is horizontally hoisted to directly above the arc-shaped support 11 and slowly lowered. Because the curvature of the groove in the arc-shaped support 11 perfectly matches the lower surface curvature of the elbow piece 100, the elbow piece 100 naturally falls into the groove under its own weight, with its bottom curvature tightly fitting against the inner wall of the groove. At this point, the elbow piece 100 is forcibly maintained in a horizontal position; even if its center of gravity deviates from the geometric center, the elbow piece 100 will not tip over or tilt due to the complete support of the arc-shaped support 11. The lower surface of the arc-shaped support 11 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the base 1 in the initial stage, at which point the air flotation holes on the upper surface of the base 1 are not yet vented.

[0033] The process of aligning the center of the elbow piece 100 with the center of the rotating shaft 22: When the external high-pressure air source is activated, the densely distributed air buoyancy holes on the upper surface of the base 1 begin to eject high-pressure gas. The high-pressure gas forms a uniform and extremely thin gas film between the lower surface of the arc-shaped support 11 and the upper surface of the base 1. The buoyancy generated by this gas film is sufficient to overcome the total weight of the arc-shaped support 11 and the elbow 100, causing the assembly of the arc-shaped support 11 and the elbow 100 to be in a slightly suspended state on the upper surface of the base 1. At this time, the static friction coefficient between the arc-shaped support 11 and the base 1 drops to near zero. This ensures that during subsequent positioning and pushing, the arc-shaped support 11 and the elbow 100 can achieve smooth directional movement in the horizontal plane and maintain a completely undisturbed horizontal posture.

[0034] After levitation is completed, the hydraulic cylinder 31 in the positioning unit 3 is activated. The output rod of the hydraulic cylinder 31 extends outward, pushing the push rod 32, which is fixedly connected to its outer end, to move horizontally away from the rotation axis 22 (i.e., closer to the elbow piece 100). The push rod 32 has a sliding groove 321 inside, which fits against the outer circumferential surface of the shaft 331 fixedly connected inside the moving block 33.

[0035] Since the movable block 33 is slidably connected within the slide rail groove 10 on the upper surface of the base 1, and the extension line of the slide rail groove 10 strictly intersects the axis of rotation 22 (i.e., the trajectory of the slide rail groove 10 points towards the axis of rotation 22), when the push rod 32 pushes the shaft 331 through the sliding groove 321, the shaft 331 drives the movable block 33 to slide linearly away from the rotation axis 22 along the slide rail groove 10. During this process, the sliding path of the movable block 33 is always constrained by the slide rail groove 10, ensuring that the central axis of the movable block 33 always points towards the axis of rotation 22. The two slide rail grooves 10 are symmetrically distributed on the front and rear sides of the hydraulic cylinder 31, so the two movable blocks 33, under the synchronous drive of the hydraulic cylinder 31, move from the direction of rotation 22 towards the inner arc surface of the elbow piece 100.

[0036] As the moving block 33 slides along the slide rail groove 10, the follower 36 automatically adjusts the distance between the two abutting balls 35 to accommodate the diameter of the elbow piece 100. When the moving block 33 moves along the slide rail groove 10 toward the elbow piece 100, the toothed rod 363 located inside the slide rail groove 10 remains fixed, and the teeth on the upper surface of the toothed rod 363 mesh with the toothed ring 362 fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the bidirectional lead screw 361.

[0037] As the moving block 33 advances linearly, the gear ring 362 is forced to rotate under the drive of the rack 363. Since the gear ring 362 is fixedly connected to the double-acting screw 361, the double-acting screw 361 rotates synchronously. Two nut blocks 364 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the moving block 33 are fitted onto the outer circumference of the double-acting screw 361. Because the double-acting screw 361 has two sections of threads with opposite directions of rotation, when the double-acting screw 361 rotates, the two nut blocks 364 will move towards or away from each other along the axis of the double-acting screw 361. When the moving block 33 moves towards the elbow 100, the double-acting screw 361 rotates in the forward direction, causing the two nut blocks 364 to move away from each other, increasing the distance between them; when the moving block 33 moves towards the rotating shaft 22, the double-acting screw 361 rotates in the reverse direction, causing the two nut blocks 364 to move towards each other, decreasing the distance between them.

[0038] A diagonal connecting rod 365 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the nut block 364, and the other end of the diagonal connecting rod 365 is connected to the abutment ball 35. Therefore, the movement of the nut block 364 will cause the abutment ball 35 to move synchronously through the diagonal connecting rod 365. At the same time, the displacement of the abutment ball 35 will cause the connecting rod 1 341 and connecting rod 2 342 to slide within the limiting hole, thereby adjusting the distance between the two abutment balls 35. The adjustment of the distance between the two abutment balls 35 occurs synchronously with the feed of the moving block 33, and its adjustment range is directly proportional to the feed amount of the moving block 33. This allows the distance between the two abutment balls 35 to automatically adapt to the chord length changes of the elbow piece 100 with different arc radii according to the current position of the moving block 33.

[0039] The follower 36 can adaptively match the support span for elbow pieces 100 with different arc radii: when machining elbow pieces 100 with large arc radii, the follower 36 automatically increases the arc contact span of the two abutment balls 35, expands the inner arc support chord length, and increases the arc fitting coverage range, which can improve the fitting accuracy of the center coincidence. This is because the larger contact span makes the contact points of the two abutment balls 35 and the inner arc surface of the elbow piece 100 distributed on a longer arc segment, which is equivalent to matching the center position of the elbow piece 100 within a larger arc length range. Sampling and constraints are performed to reduce the accumulation of center positioning errors and improve the accuracy of the center coinciding with the central axis of the rotation axis 22. This avoids the problem that small positional errors can be amplified into huge center deviations due to the two contact points being too concentrated and the local area being approximately straight. When processing elbow pieces 100 with small arc radii, the follower 36 automatically retracts and reduces the support span of the two abutment balls 35, avoiding the problem of local false contact and support misalignment caused by excessive span. This ensures that elbows with small arc radii also have high-precision centering references, and the equipment has strong versatility.

[0040] The central groove 3411 at the inner end of connecting rod 1 341 and the side groove 3421 at the inner end of connecting rod 2 342 are staggered, so that connecting rod 1 341 and connecting rod 2 342 can avoid each other when sliding inside the limiting hole, completely avoiding motion interference, and ensuring that the two sets of abutting balls 35 will not affect each other during the adjustment process.

[0041] As the moving block 33 continues to slide, the abutting ball 35 approaches and contacts the inner arc surface of the elbow piece 100 through spherical point contact. The abutting balls 35 on the two symmetrically arranged moving blocks 33 simultaneously abut against the inner arc surface of the elbow piece 100 from both the front and rear sides, pushing the elbow piece 100 until its arc center coincides with the rotation axis 22. Since the arc-shaped support 11 is in an air-floating state at this time, the friction between it and the upper surface of the base 1 is small. Therefore, the abutting ball 35 will drive the entire assembly of the arc-shaped support 11 and the elbow piece 100 to translate and rotate on the base 1.

[0042] Since the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting the centers of the two contact balls 35 coincides with the central axis of the moving block 33, and the central axis of the moving block 33 intersects the axis of the rotating shaft 22 through the guide of the slide rail groove 10, when the outer surfaces of the two sets of four contact balls 35 (each moving block 33 corresponds to two contact balls 35) simultaneously and stably contact the inner arc surface of the elbow piece 100, the arc center of the elbow piece 100 will inevitably fall on the central axis of the moving block 33, and thus precisely coincide with the central axis of the rotating shaft 22, completing the positioning of the elbow piece 100.

[0043] The process of 100° outer arc auxiliary positioning of the elbow piece: While the abutment ball 35 centers and positions the elbow piece 100 from the inner arc side, a guide groove is formed on the upper surface of the base 1, and the positioning block 37 slides along the upper surface of the base 1 in a sliding fit with the guide groove. A servo motor is installed inside the base 1, and a lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor. The lead screw is threadedly engaged with the bottom of the positioning block 37. The servo motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and the lead screw drives the positioning block 37 to slide along the upper surface of the base 1, so that the outer arc positioning ball 371 of the positioning block 37 near the rotating shaft 22 moves closer to the outer arc surface of the elbow piece 100 and applies a clamping force, thereby achieving clamping and positioning of the elbow piece 100 from the outer arc side. Since the extension line of the sliding path of the positioning block 37 coincides with the extension line of the slide rail groove 10, the outer arc positioning ball 371 moves in the same straight line direction as the abutment ball 35. When the outer arc positioning ball 371 contacts the outer arc surface of the elbow piece 100, the outer arc positioning ball 371 and the abutment ball 35 clamp and position the elbow piece 100 from both the inner and outer sides on the same horizontal plane. Since the center of the outer arc positioning ball 371 and the center of the abutment ball 35 are located on the same horizontal plane, the elbow piece 100 will not tilt or deflect during the clamping process, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the positioning.

[0044] At this point, the elbow piece 100 is firmly fixed to the base 1 under the combined action of the arc surface support of the arc-shaped support 11, the inner arc positioning of the abutment ball 35, and the outer arc auxiliary positioning of the outer arc positioning ball 371, and the arc center of the elbow piece 100 precisely coincides with the central axis of the rotating shaft 22. After positioning is completed, the operator turns off the air flotation system, and the elbow piece 100 remains stable under the clamping of the positioning part 3, ready for cutting processing.

[0045] The process of adjusting the position of cutting part 2: After the elbow piece 100 is positioned, the operator starts the cutting unit 2 to cut a V-shaped bevel on both sides of the elbow piece 100. The initial position of the cutting unit 2 is adjusted according to the diameter and bevel position of the elbow piece 100. The rotating shaft 22, located within the base 21, drives the cantilever arm 23 to rotate around the central axis of the rotating shaft 22, rotating the cantilever arm 23 above the starting position of the bevel to be cut on the elbow piece 100.

[0046] The sliding seat 24 slides horizontally along the length of the cantilever arm 23, adjusting the radial positions of laser head 28 and laser head 29 relative to the elbow piece 100, so that laser head 28 is aligned with the inner arc bevel cutting position of the elbow piece 100, and laser head 29 is aligned with the outer arc bevel cutting position of the elbow piece 100. The angles of laser head 28 and laser head 29 are adjusted according to the thickness and bevel angle requirements of the elbow piece 100. The telescopic rod 241 is activated, driving the vertical moving frame 25 to move up and down along the vertical guide rail of the sliding seat 24, adjusting the height of laser head 28 and laser head 29 to maintain an appropriate focal length between the laser head and the surface of the elbow piece 100. Simultaneously, the two connecting rods 27 slide along the groove 261 of the horizontal rod 26, adjusting the distance between laser head 28 and laser head 29 to accommodate the diameter of the elbow piece 100. Laser head 28 and laser head 29 rotate around the hinge point via the connecting lug at the bottom of the connecting rod 27 to adjust the incident angle of the laser beam, so that the laser beam is incident on the inner and outer arc edges of the elbow piece 100 at a predetermined V-shaped bevel angle.

[0047] The cutting process of V-groove: Laser head 28 and laser head 29 are activated, simultaneously emitting laser beams to cut the inner and outer arc edges of the elbow piece 100. During the cutting process, the rotating shaft 22 drives the cantilever arm 23 to slowly rotate around the central axis of the rotating shaft 22. Since the arc center of the elbow piece 100 is precisely aligned with the central axis of the rotating shaft 22, the movement trajectories of laser head 28 and laser head 29 precisely match the arc curve of the elbow piece 100 as the cantilever arm 23 rotates. The laser beam feeds circumferentially along the arc surface of the elbow piece 100, simultaneously cutting the V-shaped bevels on the inner and outer arc edges of the elbow piece 100. Laser head 28 and laser head 29 work synchronously, cutting the inner and outer arc bevels of the elbow piece 100 respectively, and the processing of both bevels can be completed in a single clamping. Since the two bevels are cut synchronously in the same clamping state and the same rotational motion, the problem of inconsistent reference caused by two clamping in the traditional process is avoided, which ensures the consistency of angle and symmetry of the inner arc bevel and the outer arc bevel, and improves the bevel processing quality.

[0048] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for forming V-shaped bevels on large split elbows, characterized in that, include: Base (1), an arc-shaped support (11) is placed on the upper surface of the base (1), the arc-shaped support (11) is used to support the elbow piece (100), and an air-float hole is opened on the upper surface of the base (1), the air-float hole is used to blow high-pressure gas between the arc-shaped support (11) and the upper surface of the base (1) to form an air-float support; The cutting section (2) includes a base (21), a rotating shaft (22) is rotatably connected inside the base (21), a cantilever arm (23) is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotating shaft (22), a sliding seat (24) is horizontally slidably connected to the outer surface of the cantilever arm (23), a vertical sliding frame (25) is vertically slidably connected to the outer surface of the sliding seat (24), a telescopic rod (241) is embedded inside the sliding seat (24), and the top end of the telescopic rod (241) is fixed to the inner top end of the vertical sliding frame (25). The bottom end of the vertical shift frame (25) is fixedly installed with a horizontal rod (26). The horizontal rod (26) is slidably connected to a connecting rod (27) through a groove (261) opened inside it. There are two connecting rods (27), which are distributed on both sides of the vertical shift frame (25). The bottom end of the connecting rod (27) closer to the rotating shaft (22) is rotatably connected to a laser head one (28), and the bottom end of the connecting rod (27) away from the rotating shaft (22) is rotatably connected to a laser head two (29). A positioning part (3) is provided on the upper surface of the base (1) to ensure that the arc center of the elbow piece (100) coincides with the central axis of the rotating shaft (22). The positioning part (3) includes a hydraulic cylinder (31) embedded in the base (21). The outer end of the output rod of the hydraulic cylinder (31) is fixedly connected to a push rod (32). The base (1) is slidably connected to a moving block (33) through a slide rail groove (10) opened on its upper surface. The extension line of the slide rail groove (10) intersects the axis of the rotating shaft (22). 10) Two slide rail grooves (10) are provided, and the two slide rail grooves (10) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder (31). The moving block (33) is slidably connected to connecting rod one (341) and connecting rod two (342) through the limiting hole opened at its outer end. The outer ends of connecting rod one (341) and connecting rod two (342) are fixedly connected to abutting balls (35). The moving block (33) has a shaft (331) embedded in the interior of one end near the rotating shaft (22). The push rod (32) has a sliding groove that fits against the outer circumference of the shaft (331) inside. 321), the middle part of the moving block (33) is provided with a follower (36) for adjusting the distance between the two abutting balls (35), the follower (36) includes a bidirectional lead screw (361) rotatably connected to the inside of the moving block (33), the outer side of the moving block (33) is provided with a toothed ring (362) fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the bidirectional lead screw (361), the inside of the slide rail groove (10) is fixedly connected with a toothed rod (363), the pointed tooth end of the toothed ring (362) extends out of the bottom surface of the moving block (33) and is connected to the toothed rod (362). 63) Engagement, the outer circumferential surface of the bidirectional screw (361) is threaded with a nut block (364), and the side of the nut block (364) is fixedly connected with a diagonal connecting rod (365) connected to the outer surface of the abutment ball (35). Two nut blocks (364) are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the bidirectional screw (361). The two nut blocks (364) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the moving block (33). The connecting line of the center of the two abutment balls (35) connected to the same moving block (33) is perpendicular to the central axis of the moving block (33).

2. The laser cutting device for forming V-shaped bevels of large split elbows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the first connecting rod (341) and the second connecting rod (342) are in contact with the inner wall surface of the limiting hole. The inner end of the first connecting rod (341) is provided with a central groove (3411), and the inner end of the second connecting rod (342) is provided with a side groove (3421). The central groove (3411) and the side groove (3421) are staggered.

3. The laser cutting device for forming V-shaped bevels of large split elbows according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning block (37) is slidably connected to the upper surface of the base (1). An outer arc positioning ball (371) is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning block (37) near the rotation axis (22). The center of the outer arc positioning ball (371) and the center of the abutment ball (35) are located on the same horizontal plane. The extension line of the sliding path of the positioning block (37) coincides with the extension line of the slide rail groove (10).

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