Battery swapping cabinet charging control method, system and device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent scheduling of battery swap cabinets, in particular to a battery swap cabinet charging control method and system, which comprises: periodically collecting battery SOC, bin position, charging power, time-of-use electricity price, and historical battery swap data; identifying current battery swap inventory, predicting future battery swap demand, and calculating target inventory and inventory gap; calculating the out-of-cabinet index for candidate batteries that do not reach the out-of-cabinet SOC threshold, and preferentially selecting batteries with high out-of-cabinet efficiency to allocate charging power; dynamically adjusting the charging intensity in combination with the time-of-use electricity price, and charging to replenish inventory in advance during the valley period and charging only when necessary during the peak period; adopting periodic rolling scheduling, real-time checking of battery safety constraints, and updating of the charging strategy, which solves the defects of the prior art, such as low SOC priority, fixed time period charging and stopping, resulting in insufficient inventory and low charging resource utilization; reduces peak electricity cost, and is suitable for intelligent charging scenarios of two-wheel electric vehicle battery swap cabinets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent scheduling technology for battery swapping cabinets, and in particular to a charging control method, system and equipment for battery swapping cabinets. Background Technology

[0002] Shared battery swapping cabinets are widely used in the delivery and courier services of two-wheeled electric vehicles. The cabinets have multiple charging bays, charging modules, local controllers, and cloud management platforms built in. When a user comes to the cabinet to swap batteries, the system usually selects a battery with a high State of Charge (SOC) and in normal condition from the batteries that meet the current delivery conditions. This type of battery swapping service usually does not require pre-specifying a specific battery to be delivered to a specific user at a specific time. It only needs to maintain a sufficient number of swappable batteries in the cabinet at different times to ensure that users can complete the battery swap in a timely manner after arriving at the cabinet.

[0003] In actual operation, the areas where battery swapping stations are located typically apply time-of-use (TOU) pricing mechanisms. Electricity costs are lower during off-peak hours, making it suitable to pre-charge; electricity costs are higher during peak hours, so unnecessary drawdowns from the grid should be minimized; during off-peak hours, charging can be moderately supplemented based on subsequent demand. Existing charging control methods for battery swapping stations mainly include instant charging, high / low SOC priority charging, fixed-time charging, and manual scheduling. While these charging control methods can meet basic charging needs, they have the following drawbacks: I. Both instant charging and high / low SOC priority charging simply prioritize charging based on battery SOC. For example, patent (CN121224508B) discloses a smart charging method and system for battery swapping cabinets. During off-peak swapping periods, a conservative current value is matched to charge all batteries in the charging compartments using a charging current adjustment table; during peak swapping periods, an efficiency current value is matched to charge high SOC batteries using a charging current adjustment table. Although this involves determining off-peak and peak swapping periods based on historical data, the solution does not consider the overall inventory of swappable batteries in the cabinet. It only charges batteries with different SOCs during different off-peak and peak swapping periods, which still results in wasted charging resources. Moreover, low SOC batteries during off-peak swapping periods are not necessarily batteries with SOCs close to the out-of-stock threshold. Therefore, prioritizing charging resources for all batteries in the charging compartments can easily lead to a large waste of charging resources.

[0004] Second, time-of-use (TOU) pricing adopts fixed-period charging and stopping rules, i.e., charging during off-peak hours and stopping or limiting charging during peak hours. For example, patent (CN120171364A) discloses a smart battery charging management system and charging method for charging and swapping cabinets, which simply distinguishes between off-peak charging and peak-hour power restrictions. While this can reduce electricity purchase costs to some extent, simply stopping charging during peak hours when swappable inventory is insufficient may affect the continuity of swapping services; conversely, when inventory is sufficient during off-peak hours and subsequent demand is low, blindly concentrating charging may lead to unnecessary energy consumption and high battery SOC storage, making it difficult to achieve a dynamic balance between electricity costs and inventory assurance.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies cannot simultaneously ensure the availability of swappable batteries and optimize time-of-use electricity costs, resulting in low overall charging efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a charging control method and system for battery swapping cabinets. By identifying the current inventory of swappable batteries in the cabinet and predicting future battery swapping demand, the system calculates the target swappable inventory and inventory gap. It also calculates the outbound index for candidate batteries that have not reached the outbound threshold but meet the charging conditions. Under the constraints of time-of-use electricity pricing and charging power, the system dynamically determines the charging targets. This ensures users' battery swapping needs while reducing unnecessary grid power consumption during peak electricity price periods, thereby improving the efficiency of converting limited charging resources into swappable battery inventory.

[0007] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a charging control method for a battery swapping cabinet, comprising: S10. Obtain the battery swapping cabinet operation data within the current scheduling cycle; wherein, the battery swapping cabinet operation data includes battery status data, storage space status data, charging resource data, time-of-use electricity price data, and historical battery swapping data; S20, based on the battery status data in the cabinet and the warehouse status data, identify the current replaceable battery inventory that meets the preset outbound conditions; S30, determine the cumulative battery swapping demand within the predicted time window based on the historical battery swapping data, and calculate the battery swapping inventory gap within the predicted time window based on the current swappable battery inventory and the cumulative battery swapping demand. S40, when the swappable battery inventory gap is greater than zero, select batteries whose current SOC is lower than the outbound SOC threshold and meet the charging conditions as candidate batteries, and calculate the outbound index of each candidate battery; wherein, the outbound index includes at least one of the following: the SOC difference required for outbound, the outbound replenishment power, the estimated outbound time, and the outbound efficiency. S50, based on the swappable battery inventory gap, the outbound indicators of each candidate battery and the time-of-use electricity price data, determine the charging priority of each candidate battery; S60, generate charging control commands according to the charging priority of each candidate battery from high to low, so that the battery swapping cabinet controller controls the charging module to charge the batteries in the cabinet according to the charging control commands; S70: Determine whether to enter the next scheduling cycle. If yes, return to S10 to reacquire the battery swapping cabinet operation data; otherwise, return to S60 to charge the batteries in the cabinet.

[0008] Furthermore, S20 includes: S201, Based on the battery status data and storage location status data in the cabinet, determine the replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions; S202, based on the number of replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions, identify the current inventory of replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions.

[0009] Furthermore, in S201, the replaceable battery is indicated as follows: = 1, if ≥ and = 0, if < or in, = 1 indicates that the i-th battery is a replaceable battery. = 0 indicates that the i-th battery is not a replaceable battery; This represents the current SOC of the i-th battery. This indicates the preset outbound SOC threshold. This indicates the overall status of the battery and its location. This represents a set of states that meet the outbound requirements; In S202, the current replaceable battery inventory is shown as follows:

[0010] in, This represents the current inventory of replaceable batteries, where N represents the number of batteries currently in the cabinet and participating in the inventory assessment.

[0011] Furthermore, S30 includes: S301, Based on the historical battery swapping data, determine the battery swapping demand for each time period of the prediction time window, and calculate the cumulative battery swapping demand at the end of the prediction time window based on the battery swapping demand for each time period. S302, determine the target swappable battery inventory within the predicted time window based on the cumulative battery swapping demand at the end of the predicted time window. S303, Based on the current swappable battery inventory and the target swappable battery inventory, calculate and determine the swappable battery inventory gap within the predicted time window.

[0012] Furthermore, in S301, the cumulative battery swapping demand is expressed as follows:

[0013] in, This represents the cumulative battery swapping demand from the current moment until the end of the k-th time period in the future. This represents the battery swapping demand in the k-th time period, where k = 1, 2, ..., H; In S302, the formula for calculating the target replaceable battery inventory is as follows:

[0014] in, This indicates the target replaceable battery inventory that needs to be guaranteed up to the k-th time period in the future. This represents the safety stock corresponding to the k-th time period in the future; In S303, the formula for calculating the exchangeable inventory gap is as follows:

[0015] in, This represents the swappable battery inventory gap corresponding to the k-th time period in the future; This indicates the target replaceable battery inventory that needs to be guaranteed up to the k-th time period in the future. This indicates the current inventory of replaceable batteries. This indicates the number of batteries expected to be converted into replaceable batteries before the end of the k-th time period.

[0016] Furthermore, in S40, the replenishment capacity of the candidate battery is represented as follows:

[0017] in, This represents the amount of replenished electricity required for candidate battery i to reach the preset outbound SOC threshold. Indicates the battery's rated capacity or usable capacity. The SOC difference between candidate battery i and the preset outbound SOC threshold. This indicates charging efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, in S50, the charging priority constraints for each candidate battery are expressed as follows:

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] in, This represents the charging power allocated to battery i during time period t. This indicates the maximum battery charging power allowed in the compartment where battery i is located. This indicates the maximum total charging power allowed for the cabinet within time period t. This indicates the maximum permissible battery SOC.

[0022] Furthermore, the S60 includes: S601, perform a safety check on the battery, compartment and charging module corresponding to the charging control command, and execute the charging control command according to the safety check result; S602 collects battery swapping cabinet operation data during the charging process and updates the current swappable battery inventory and candidate batteries based on the collected battery swapping cabinet operation data.

[0023] In one embodiment, the present invention also provides a battery swapping cabinet charging control system, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to periodically collect and acquire the operating data of the battery swapping cabinet; wherein, the operating data of the battery swapping cabinet includes battery status data, compartment status data, charging resource data, time-of-use electricity price data, and historical battery swapping data; The inventory identification module is used to identify the current replaceable battery inventory that meets the preset outbound conditions based on the battery status data in the cabinet and the warehouse status data. The gap calculation module is used to determine the cumulative battery swapping demand within the prediction time window based on the historical battery swapping data, and to calculate the battery swapping inventory gap within the prediction time window based on the current swappable battery inventory and the cumulative battery swapping demand. The outbound index calculation module is used to filter batteries whose current SOC is lower than the outbound SOC threshold and meet the charging conditions as candidate batteries when the replaceable battery inventory gap is greater than zero, and to calculate the outbound index of each candidate battery; wherein, the outbound index includes at least one of the following: the SOC difference required for outbound, the outbound replenishment power, the estimated outbound time, and the outbound efficiency. The charging scheduling decision module is used to determine the charging priority of each candidate battery based on the swappable battery inventory gap, the outbound indicators of each candidate battery and the time-of-use electricity price data. The charging control module is used to generate charging control commands according to the charging priority of each candidate battery from high to low, so that the battery swapping cabinet controller can control the charging module to charge the batteries in the cabinet according to the charging control commands. The charging feedback module is used to determine whether to enter the next scheduling cycle. If yes, it returns to reacquire the battery swapping cabinet's operating data; otherwise, it returns to charge the batteries in the cabinet.

[0024] In one embodiment, the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the battery swapping cabinet control method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0025] The charging control method for battery swapping cabinets provided by this invention employs a periodic rolling scheduling mechanism to repeatedly execute processes such as acquiring operational data, identifying swappable inventory, forecasting future demand, calculating inventory gaps, and calculating outbound indicators to generate charging control commands. Within each scheduling cycle, the system can generate charging plans for multiple future time periods, but only executes the charging control commands for the current scheduling cycle. At the start of the next scheduling cycle, the system recalculates the charging strategy based on the latest battery SOC, actual battery swapping behavior, abnormal battery status, charging resource status, execution feedback, and time-of-use electricity price information, and updates candidate batteries and their charging power. Through the aforementioned charging control command issuance, execution feedback, and rolling update mechanism, the system can promptly adjust the charging strategy when actual battery swapping demand, battery charging speed, battery temperature, cabinet power, electricity price periods, or equipment status change in each scheduling cycle, thereby improving the real-time performance, security, and robustness of battery swapping cabinet charging scheduling. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are not drawn to a 1:1 scale, and the relative dimensions of the various components are shown in the drawings only as examples and not necessarily to actual scale.

[0029] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a charging control method for a battery swapping cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery swapping cabinet operation data acquisition provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery swapping cabinet charging control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the operating interface of a battery swapping cabinet charging control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a charging control method for a battery swapping cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, including: S10. Obtain the battery swapping cabinet operation data within the current scheduling cycle; wherein, the battery swapping cabinet operation data includes battery status data, storage space status data, charging resource data, time-of-use electricity price data, and historical battery swapping data; Specifically, in this embodiment, a scheduling cycle is preferably 5-15 minutes. At the beginning of each scheduling cycle, the battery swapping cabinet's operating data is automatically acquired through the battery swapping cabinet controller, charging module, cloud platform, or external data interface to form the battery swapping cabinet's operating data for the current scheduling cycle. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the battery swapping cabinet operation data collection is provided; the battery swapping cabinet operation data includes the following: (1) Battery status data in the cabinet: Read the operating status of each battery in the compartment from the battery swapping cabinet controller, including at least: battery number, compartment number, current SOC, battery voltage, current, temperature, state of health (SOH), fault status, communication status, whether charging is allowed, whether leaving the warehouse is allowed, and the time of the last charging completion, etc.

[0032] (2) Compartment status data: Obtain the status of each compartment where the battery is located from the battery swapping cabinet controller, including at least: compartment number, compartment occupancy status, battery status in the compartment, compartment door lock status, charging module number, charging module status, and current charging power.

[0033] (3) Charging resource data: real-time constraint data of charging resources of the battery swapping cabinet obtained from the charging module, including at least: the maximum allowable total charging power of the cabinet, the current available total power, the maximum allowable charging power of a single compartment, the rated power of each charging module, the heat dissipation capacity status, and the grid connection status.

[0034] (4) Time-of-use electricity price data: Obtain current electricity price and future electricity price period information from the electricity price platform, including at least: current electricity price, start time, end time and corresponding electricity price type for each future electricity price period, wherein the electricity price type includes off-peak electricity price, flat-period electricity price, peak electricity price and peak electricity price.

[0035] (5) Historical battery swapping data: Obtain historical battery swapping records from the operation platform, including at least: battery swapping time, cabinet number, swapped-out battery number, swapped-in battery number, battery swapping user type, battery swapping success or failure indicator, order or area information, etc., for future battery swapping demand prediction.

[0036] (6) External auxiliary data: obtain data such as weather data, regional demand heat index, and holiday or special event markers to improve the accuracy of battery swapping demand forecasting.

[0037] In this embodiment, after obtaining the battery swapping cabinet operation data for the current scheduling period, the data is preprocessed, such as by performing time alignment, filtering out abnormal data, and handling missing values ​​to form structured battery swapping cabinet operation data. Specific processing methods can employ existing technologies, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations.

[0038] S20, based on the battery status data in the cabinet and the warehouse status data, identify the current replaceable battery inventory that meets the preset outbound conditions; Specifically, S20 includes: S201, Based on the battery status data and storage location status data in the cabinet, determine the replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions; In this embodiment, after obtaining the battery swapping cabinet operation data within the current scheduling cycle, it can be determined whether a battery is replaceable based on the battery status data and the compartment status data. Specifically, it can be determined whether a battery is replaceable based on its current SOC, battery temperature, fault status, communication status, and compartment door lock status. Understandably, a replaceable battery refers to a battery currently in the cabinet that meets preset exit conditions. These preset exit conditions are: the battery's current SOC is not lower than a preset exit SOC threshold, the battery temperature is within the allowable exit temperature range, the battery has no exit-prohibiting faults, and the communication status and compartment door lock status are normal. Specifically, for the i-th battery, let its current SOC be... The preset outbound SOC threshold is Then the swappable state of the i-th battery It can be represented as follows: = 1, if ≥ and = 0, if < or in, = 1 indicates that the i-th battery is a replaceable battery. = 0 indicates that the i-th battery is not a replaceable battery; This indicates the overall status of the battery and its location. This represents the set of states that meet the outbound requirements. This indicates that the battery temperature, fault status, communication status, warehouse door lock status, and other outbound conditions all meet the requirements.

[0039] S202, based on the number of replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions, identify the current inventory of replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions.

[0040] Specifically, when a battery in a storage compartment meets the preset outbound conditions, it is identified as a replaceable battery. By checking the status of batteries in all compartments within the cabinet, the current inventory of replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions can be identified. Specifically, assuming there are N batteries in the current battery swapping cabinet, the current inventory of replaceable batteries can be represented as follows:

[0041] in, This represents the current inventory of replaceable batteries, i.e., the number of replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions. N represents the number of batteries currently in the cabinet and participating in the inventory judgment.

[0042] Based on the above analysis, we can identify replaceable batteries by their current SOC, battery temperature, fault status, communication status, and storage location status, and further obtain the current inventory of replaceable batteries in the cabinet.

[0043] S30. Based on the historical battery swapping data, determine the cumulative battery swapping demand within the predicted time window, and calculate the battery swapping inventory gap within the predicted time window based on the current swappable battery inventory and the cumulative battery swapping demand. Specifically, S30 includes: S301, Based on the historical battery swapping data, determine the battery swapping demand for each time period of the prediction time window, and calculate the cumulative battery swapping demand at the end of the prediction time window based on the battery swapping demand for each time period. Understandably, the system can predict the battery swapping demand within a future time window based on historical battery swapping data. The preferred prediction time window is 1 to 24 hours, but it can be set to 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, or 24 hours in the future, etc., depending on actual operational needs. The time period can be set to 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 1 hour, etc. The specific demand prediction can be achieved using existing rule-based prediction, statistical prediction, machine learning prediction, or various combinations thereof. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0044] Specifically, assuming the prediction time window includes H time periods, the predicted battery swapping demand for each time period can be expressed as follows: The cumulative battery swapping demand is expressed as follows:

[0045] in, This represents the cumulative battery swapping demand from the current moment until the end of the k-th time period in the future. This represents the battery swapping demand in the k-th time period, where k = 1, 2, ..., H.

[0046] S302, determine the target swappable battery inventory within the predicted time window based on the cumulative battery swapping demand at the end of the predicted time window. Specifically, after determining the cumulative battery swapping demand at the end of the forecast time window, the target swappable battery inventory can be calculated accordingly, using the following formula:

[0047] in, This indicates the target replaceable battery inventory that needs to be guaranteed up to the k-th time period in the future. This represents the safety stock corresponding to the k-th time period in the future. Understandably, the safety stock... It can be a preset fixed value, or it can be dynamically determined based on the uncertainty of forecasts, peak demand indicators, historical stockout situations, or operational support levels.

[0048] S303, Based on the current swappable battery inventory and the target swappable battery inventory, calculate and determine the swappable battery inventory gap within the predicted time window.

[0049] Specifically, the exchangeable inventory gap corresponding to the k-th time period in the future can be represented as:

[0050] in, This represents the swappable battery inventory gap corresponding to the k-th time period in the future; This indicates the target replaceable battery inventory that needs to be guaranteed up to the k-th time period in the future. This indicates the current inventory of replaceable batteries. This indicates the number of batteries expected to be converted into swappable batteries before the end of the k-th time period. This is before a new charging plan is determined for the current scheduling cycle. The value can be set to either the quantity of currently charged batteries expected to meet the outbound conditions, or it can be set to 0, to calculate the initial inventory gap. After determining the candidate battery charging strategy, the system can update the value based on the expected outbound results. And reassess whether the target swappable battery inventory meets the target requirements.

[0051] Understandably, when A value greater than 0 indicates that the current swappable battery inventory and the projected increase in swappable battery inventory are insufficient to cover future cumulative battery swapping demand and safety stock, indicating an inventory gap. Therefore, candidate batteries need to be selected for replenishment within the current scheduling cycle to convert them into swappable batteries. When the value equals 0, it means that the current swappable inventory can meet the battery swapping demand and safety stock requirements for the corresponding time period, and the calculation and update will proceed to the next time period of the current scheduling cycle.

[0052] S40, when the swappable battery inventory gap is greater than zero, select batteries whose current SOC is lower than the outbound SOC threshold and meet the charging conditions as candidate batteries, and calculate the outbound index of each candidate battery; wherein, the outbound index includes at least one of the following: the SOC difference required for outbound, the outbound replenishment power, the estimated outbound time, and the outbound efficiency. In this embodiment, when it is determined that the inventory gap of replaceable batteries in the current time period is greater than zero, it indicates that there is an inventory gap and it is necessary to select candidate batteries for recharging within the current scheduling cycle. At this time, it is preferable to determine the batteries whose current SOC is lower than the preset outbound SOC threshold and meet the charging conditions as candidate batteries. For each candidate battery, the outbound index required to reach the replaceability standard is further calculated.

[0053] Specifically, for candidate battery i, the SOC difference between it and the preset outbound SOC threshold is expressed as:

[0054] in, To preset the outbound SOC threshold, The current SOC of battery i.

[0055] Understandably, the replenishment capacity of candidate battery i can be determined based on the battery's available capacity, SOC difference, and charging efficiency, as shown below:

[0056] in, This represents the amount of replenished electricity required for candidate battery i to reach the preset outbound SOC threshold. Indicates the battery's rated capacity or usable capacity. This indicates charging efficiency.

[0057] The estimated delivery time of candidate battery i can be determined based on the required replenishment capacity and the estimated allocated charging power, as shown below:

[0058] in, This indicates the estimated time required for candidate battery i to reach the preset outbound threshold. This represents the expected charging power allocated to candidate battery i.

[0059] Furthermore, the outbound efficiency can be determined based on the required replenishment power and the estimated outbound time. Understandably, the smaller the required replenishment power and the shorter the estimated time to reach the outbound SOC threshold, the easier it is for candidate batteries to be converted into swappable batteries in a shorter time, and their charging priority is correspondingly increased.

[0060] The method described in this application no longer simply charges batteries from low to high SOC, but prioritizes charging candidate batteries that can be quickly converted into a replaceable inventory. This can save energy consumption and electricity costs to the greatest extent and further improve charging efficiency.

[0061] S50, based on the swappable battery inventory gap, the outbound indicators of each candidate battery and the time-of-use electricity price data, determine the charging priority of each candidate battery; Specifically, the charging priority of candidate batteries can be calculated and determined based on the following factors: recent swappable battery inventory gap, outbound efficiency of each candidate battery, urgency of future demand, current electricity price level, and battery temperature or health risks. After determining the candidate batteries and their respective outbound indicators, the charging targets and charging power for the current scheduling cycle are determined based on the calculated swappable battery inventory gap, outbound indicators of each candidate battery, current and future time-of-use electricity prices, total cabinet power constraints, single-warehouse power constraints, and battery safety status.

[0062] Understandably, during off-peak electricity price periods, if there is a high future demand for battery swapping or the target swappable battery inventory is not yet met, the total charging power is increased and swappable battery inventory is built up in advance. During peak electricity price periods, if the current and short-term swappable battery inventory is sufficient, the charging power is reduced or charging of some candidate batteries is suspended. If there is a swappable battery inventory gap or insufficient inventory risk during peak electricity price periods, only the candidate batteries with the highest outbound efficiency are charged as necessary. During flat electricity price periods, the charging intensity is dynamically adjusted according to the future demand gap. Therefore, in this embodiment, charging more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours is not a fixed rule, but a dynamic scheduling result determined by the swappable battery inventory gap, future demand, outbound efficiency, and time-of-use electricity price.

[0063] Furthermore, after selecting candidate batteries according to charging priority from high to low, charging power is allocated under the following constraints:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] in, This represents the charging power allocated to battery i during time period t. This indicates the maximum battery charging power allowed in the compartment where battery i is located. This indicates the maximum total charging power allowed for the cabinet within time period t. This represents the charge level of battery i during time period t. This indicates the maximum permissible battery SOC.

[0067] Understandably, when the battery status data is normal, it means that the battery meets the charging conditions. When the battery has a charging prohibition fault, temperature exceeds the limit, or communication is abnormal, the system will determine that the battery does not meet the charging conditions and set the charging power of the battery to 0 or perform derating.

[0068] S60, generate charging control commands according to the charging priority of each candidate battery from high to low, so that the battery swapping cabinet controller controls the charging module to charge the batteries in the cabinet according to the charging control commands; In this embodiment, after determining the charging priority of each candidate battery, a charging control instruction is generated according to the charging priority of each candidate battery from high to low within the current scheduling cycle, and the charging control instruction is sent to the battery swapping cabinet controller; wherein, the charging control instruction includes the battery number to start charging or pause charging, the compartment number, the target charging power, the target battery SOC, the charging cut-off condition, and the execution duration of the current scheduling cycle.

[0069] Specifically, S60 includes: S601, perform a safety check on the battery, compartment and charging module corresponding to the charging control command, and execute the charging control command according to the safety check result; Furthermore, in this embodiment, after receiving the charging control command, the battery swapping cabinet controller performs local safety verification on the battery, compartment, and charging module corresponding to the charging control command. The local safety verification includes verification of the Battery Management System (BMS) status, battery temperature, fault status, communication status, compartment status, and charging module status. When the local safety verification result meets the charging conditions, the battery swapping cabinet controller controls the corresponding charging module to perform charging according to the charging control command; when the local safety verification result does not meet the charging conditions, the battery swapping cabinet controller suspends the execution of the charging command for the corresponding battery or performs a derating process on it, and feeds back the abnormal status to the background management platform. It can be understood that meeting the charging conditions means that the temperature verification, fault status verification, communication status verification, compartment status verification, and charging module status verification results are all normal.

[0070] S602 collects battery swapping cabinet operation data during the charging process and updates the current swappable battery inventory and candidate batteries based on the collected battery swapping cabinet operation data.

[0071] Furthermore, during the charging process, the battery swapping cabinet controller provides real-time or periodic feedback on actual charging power, battery SOC changes, battery temperature, fault alarms, communication status, charging module status, and charging execution results. The backend management platform updates the real-time status of each battery and the swappable battery inventory status based on this feedback information, and removes batteries that cannot be charged normally or pose an abnormal risk from the candidate battery set, or lowers their charging priority in subsequent scheduling cycles.

[0072] S70: Determine whether to enter the next scheduling cycle. If yes, return to S10 to reacquire the battery swapping cabinet operation data; otherwise, return to S60 to charge the batteries in the cabinet.

[0073] The charging control method for battery swapping cabinets provided by this invention employs a rolling scheduling mechanism to repeatedly execute data acquisition, swappable inventory identification, future demand forecasting, inventory gap calculation, and outbound index calculation within a preset scheduling cycle, thereby generating charging control instructions. Within each scheduling cycle, the system can generate charging plans for multiple future time periods, but only executes the charging control instructions for the current scheduling cycle. At the start of the next scheduling cycle, the system recalculates the charging strategy based on the latest battery SOC, actual battery swapping behavior, abnormal battery status, charging resource status, execution feedback, and time-of-use electricity price information, and updates the candidate batteries and their charging power. Through the aforementioned charging control instruction issuance, execution feedback, and rolling update mechanism, the system can promptly adjust the charging strategy when actual battery swapping demand, battery charging speed, battery temperature, cabinet power, electricity price periods, or equipment status changes, thereby improving the real-time performance, security, and robustness of battery swapping cabinet charging scheduling.

[0074] It should be understood that, although Figure 1 The steps in the flowchart are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order in which these steps are executed, and they can be performed in other orders. Figure 1 At least some of the steps in the process may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but may be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages in other steps.

[0075] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic flowchart of a battery swapping cabinet charging control system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, including: The data acquisition module M10 is used to periodically acquire the battery swapping cabinet operation data within the current scheduling cycle; wherein, the battery swapping cabinet operation data includes battery status data, compartment status data, charging resource data, time-of-use electricity price data, and historical battery swapping data; The inventory identification module M20 is used to identify the current replaceable battery inventory that meets the preset outbound conditions based on the battery status data in the cabinet and the warehouse status data. The gap calculation module M30 is used to determine the cumulative battery swapping demand within the prediction time window based on the historical battery swapping data, and to calculate the battery swapping inventory gap within the prediction time window based on the current swappable battery inventory and the cumulative battery swapping demand. The outbound index calculation module M40 is used to filter batteries whose current SOC is lower than the outbound SOC threshold and meet the charging conditions as candidate batteries when the replaceable battery inventory gap is greater than zero, and to calculate the outbound index of each candidate battery; wherein, the outbound index includes at least one of the following: the SOC difference required for outbound, the outbound replenishment power, the estimated outbound time, and the outbound efficiency. The charging scheduling decision module M50 is used to determine the charging priority of each candidate battery based on the swappable battery inventory gap, the outbound indicators of each candidate battery and the time-of-use electricity price data. The charging control module M60 is used to generate charging control commands according to the charging priority of each candidate battery from high to low, so that the battery swapping cabinet controller can control the charging module to charge the batteries in the cabinet according to the charging control commands. The charging feedback module M70 is used to determine whether to enter the next scheduling cycle. If yes, it returns to reacquire the battery swapping cabinet's operating data; if no, it returns to charge the batteries in the cabinet.

[0076] Specific limitations regarding the battery swapping cabinet charging control system can be found in the limitations of the battery swapping cabinet charging control method described above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned battery swapping cabinet charging control system can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0077] The charging control method logic of the present invention will be illustrated by a specific embodiment below: In this embodiment, the battery swapping cabinet is equipped with multiple battery compartments, with a scheduling cycle of 15 minutes, and the battery swapping demand for the next 4 hours is predicted. At the beginning of each scheduling cycle, the background obtains the SOC, temperature, fault status, communication status, compartment status, available charging power of the cabinet, current and future time-of-use electricity price information, and historical battery swapping data of each battery in the cabinet.

[0078] First, the current replaceable battery inventory is identified based on the preset outbound SOC threshold and battery operating status. For example, if the preset outbound SOC threshold is 70%, and there are currently 12 batteries in the cabinet, of which 4 batteries have an SOC of not less than 70% and are in normal condition, then the current replaceable battery inventory is 4 batteries.

[0079] Next, based on historical battery swapping data and current operational data, future battery swapping demand is predicted. For example, if the backend predicts a cumulative battery swapping demand of 6 times in the next 2 hours, and determines a safety stock of 2 batteries based on operational support requirements, then the target number of swappable batteries to be guaranteed in the next 2 hours is 8. If the current swappable inventory is 4 batteries, and based on the current charging batteries, it is estimated that 1 more battery can be added to the inventory in the next 2 hours, then the system determines that there is still a shortage of 3 swappable batteries in the inventory in the next 2 hours.

[0080] Subsequently, the backend identifies candidate batteries from those that have never reached the outbound SOC threshold but meet the charging conditions, and calculates the outbound indicators for each candidate battery. For example, the cabinet contains candidate batteries with SOCs of 68%, 65%, 55%, and 35%. Batteries with SOCs of 68% and 65% are closer to the outbound threshold, requiring less electricity for outbound and having a shorter expected outbound time. Batteries with an SOC of 35%, while having a lower SOC, are far from the outbound threshold and unlikely to be converted into replaceable batteries in a short time. Therefore, in the presence of an inventory shortage, priority is given to candidate batteries with SOCs close to the outbound threshold, requiring less electricity for outbound, and in normal condition for recharging, rather than simply charging according to SOC from low to high. The backend determines the charging targets and charging power for the current scheduling cycle based on the candidate battery's outbound indicators, the urgency of the inventory shortage, the current electricity price level, and the cabinet's charging power constraints. This embodiment enables the replenishment of swappable battery inventory before future demand arrives, improving the efficiency of converting limited charging resources into swappable battery inventory and reducing the risk that users will find no batteries available for swapping when they arrive at the charging station. Figure 4 A screenshot of the system's interface using the above example is provided.

[0081] Compared with existing battery swapping cabinet charging control methods, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention takes the inventory of replaceable batteries in the cabinet as the core target of charging control. Based on the future battery replacement demand and safety stock, it can determine in advance whether there is a shortage of replaceable inventory, and replenish the candidate batteries before the peak demand arrives, so that the cabinet can maintain the number of replaceable batteries that meet the conditions for leaving the warehouse, thereby reducing the risk that users will have no batteries to replace after arriving at the cabinet.

[0082] (2) This invention introduces time-of-use electricity pricing into the charging control process. During off-peak hours, it prioritizes the formation of the required swappable inventory. During peak hours, it reduces unnecessary charging based on inventory risk and only replenishes the necessary power when the swappable inventory is insufficient or about to be insufficient. This reduces the amount of electricity drawn from the grid during peak hours and lowers the operating cost of the swappable cabinet.

[0083] (3) This invention calculates the required power, estimated time, and / or efficiency for candidate batteries that have not reached the outbound SOC threshold but meet the charging conditions, and prioritizes batteries that can reach the outbound standard more quickly for recharging. Compared with the simple method of prioritizing charging according to low SOC, this invention can convert limited charging power into swappable battery inventory more quickly, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of charging resources.

[0084] (4) This invention does not require all batteries in the cabinet to be fully charged as soon as possible. Instead, it determines the charging targets and charging power based on future battery swapping needs, current swappable inventory, and electricity price periods. This reduces ineffective charging when inventory is plentiful, prolonged storage at high SOC, and frequent start-stop cycles, which helps reduce the risk of battery aging and extend battery life.

[0085] (5) This invention adopts a periodic rolling scheduling method, which updates the charging strategy based on actual battery swapping behavior, changes in battery SOC, battery temperature, fault status, available power of the cabinet, and changes in electricity price during different time periods. When future demand forecasts, user battery swapping behavior, or battery operating status change, the system can recalculate the inventory gap and charging priority in a timely manner, thereby improving the scheduling stability and reliability of the battery swapping cabinet in a dynamic operating environment.

[0086] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, and network interface connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The database stores the battery swapping cabinet's operational data. The network interface communicates with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a battery swapping cabinet charging control method.

[0087] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided by this invention can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, or optical storage, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc.

[0088] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0089] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A charging control method for a battery swapping cabinet, characterized in that, include: S10. Obtain the battery swapping cabinet operation data within the current scheduling cycle; wherein, the battery swapping cabinet operation data includes battery status data, storage space status data, charging resource data, time-of-use electricity price data, and historical battery swapping data; S20, based on the battery status data in the cabinet and the warehouse status data, identify the current replaceable battery inventory that meets the preset outbound conditions; S30, determine the cumulative battery swapping demand within the predicted time window based on the historical battery swapping data, and calculate the battery swapping inventory gap within the predicted time window based on the current swappable battery inventory and the cumulative battery swapping demand. S40, when the swappable battery inventory gap is greater than zero, select batteries whose current SOC is lower than the outbound SOC threshold and meet the charging conditions as candidate batteries, and calculate the outbound index of each candidate battery; wherein, the outbound index includes at least one of the following: the SOC difference required for outbound, the outbound replenishment power, the estimated outbound time, and the outbound efficiency. S50, based on the swappable battery inventory gap, the outbound indicators of each candidate battery and the time-of-use electricity price data, determine the charging priority of each candidate battery; S60, generate charging control commands according to the charging priority of each candidate battery from high to low, so that the battery swapping cabinet controller controls the charging module to charge the batteries in the cabinet according to the charging control commands; S70: Determine whether to enter the next scheduling cycle. If yes, return to S10 to reacquire the battery swapping cabinet operation data; otherwise, return to S60 to charge the batteries in the cabinet.

2. The charging control method for the battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, S20 includes: S201, Based on the battery status data and storage location status data in the cabinet, determine the replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions; S202, based on the number of replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions, identify the current inventory of replaceable batteries that meet the preset outbound conditions.

3. The charging control method for the battery swapping cabinet according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S201, the replaceable battery is indicated as follows: = 1, if ≥ and = 0, if < or in, = 1 indicates that the i-th battery is a replaceable battery. = 0 indicates that the i-th battery is not a replaceable battery; This represents the current SOC of the i-th battery. This indicates the preset outbound SOC threshold. This indicates the overall status of the battery and its location. This represents a set of states that meet the outbound requirements; In S202, the current replaceable battery inventory is shown as follows: in, This represents the current inventory of replaceable batteries, where N represents the number of batteries currently in the cabinet and participating in the inventory assessment.

4. The charging control method for the battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, S30 includes: S301, Based on the historical battery swapping data, determine the battery swapping demand for each time period of the prediction time window, and calculate the cumulative battery swapping demand at the end of the prediction time window based on the battery swapping demand for each time period. S302, determine the target swappable battery inventory within the predicted time window based on the cumulative battery swapping demand at the end of the predicted time window. S303, Based on the current swappable battery inventory and the target swappable battery inventory, calculate and determine the swappable battery inventory gap within the predicted time window.

5. The charging control method for the battery swapping cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S301, the cumulative battery swapping demand is expressed as follows: in, This represents the cumulative battery swapping demand from the current moment until the end of the k-th time period in the future. This represents the battery swapping demand in the k-th time period, where k = 1, 2, ..., H; In S302, the formula for calculating the target replaceable battery inventory is as follows: in, This indicates the target replaceable battery inventory that needs to be guaranteed up to the k-th time period in the future. This represents the safety stock corresponding to the k-th time period in the future; In S303, the formula for calculating the exchangeable inventory gap is as follows: in, This represents the swappable battery inventory gap corresponding to the k-th time period in the future; This indicates the target replaceable battery inventory that needs to be guaranteed up to the k-th time period in the future. This indicates the current inventory of replaceable batteries. This indicates the number of batteries expected to be converted into replaceable batteries before the end of the k-th time period.

6. The charging control method for the battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S40, the replenishment capacity of candidate batteries is represented as follows: in, This represents the amount of replenished electricity required for candidate battery i to reach the preset outbound SOC threshold. Indicates the battery's rated capacity or usable capacity. The SOC difference between candidate battery i and the preset outbound SOC threshold. This indicates charging efficiency.

7. The charging control method for the battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S50, the charging priority constraints for each candidate battery are expressed as follows: in, This represents the charging power allocated to battery i during time period t. This indicates the maximum battery charging power allowed in the compartment where battery i is located. This indicates the maximum total charging power allowed for the cabinet within time period t. This indicates the maximum permissible battery SOC.

8. The charging control method for the battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S60 includes: S601, perform a safety check on the battery, compartment and charging module corresponding to the charging control command, and execute the charging control command according to the safety check result; S602 collects battery swapping cabinet operation data during the charging process and updates the current swappable battery inventory and candidate batteries based on the collected battery swapping cabinet operation data.

9. A charging control system for a battery swapping cabinet, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to periodically collect and acquire the operating data of the battery swapping cabinet; wherein, the operating data of the battery swapping cabinet includes battery status data, compartment status data, charging resource data, time-of-use electricity price data, and historical battery swapping data; The inventory identification module is used to identify the current replaceable battery inventory that meets the preset outbound conditions based on the battery status data in the cabinet and the warehouse status data. The gap calculation module is used to determine the cumulative battery swapping demand within the prediction time window based on the historical battery swapping data, and to calculate the battery swapping inventory gap within the prediction time window based on the current swappable battery inventory and the cumulative battery swapping demand. The outbound index calculation module is used to filter batteries whose current SOC is lower than the outbound SOC threshold and meet the charging conditions as candidate batteries when the replaceable battery inventory gap is greater than zero, and to calculate the outbound index of each candidate battery; wherein, the outbound index includes at least one of the following: the SOC difference required for outbound, the outbound replenishment power, the estimated outbound time, and the outbound efficiency. The charging scheduling decision module is used to determine the charging priority of each candidate battery based on the swappable battery inventory gap, the outbound indicators of each candidate battery and the time-of-use electricity price data. The charging control module is used to generate charging control commands according to the charging priority of each candidate battery from high to low, so that the battery swapping cabinet controller can control the charging module to charge the batteries in the cabinet according to the charging control commands. The charging feedback module is used to determine whether to enter the next scheduling cycle. If yes, it returns to reacquire the battery swapping cabinet's operating data; otherwise, it returns to charge the batteries in the cabinet.

10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the battery swapping cabinet charging control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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