Intelligent control recovery device and system for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent control recovery device for high-salt wastewater containing uranium and a system thereof, and belongs to the technical field of high-salt wastewater recovery. The device comprises a flocculation tank, a circulating component, an interception assembly, a separation component and a permeation component. The separation component pumps separated salt-containing water into a permeation shell, and the permeation component in the permeation shell converts the salt-containing water (mainly sodium nitrate solution) into an acidic solution (such as nitric acid) and an alkaline solution (such as sodium hydroxide) through a bipolar membrane electrodialysis mode, and stores the solutions respectively. The system comprises the steps of injecting wastewater, starting circulating filtration, pumping in salt, converting through electrodialysis, classifying storage and intelligent monitoring. The application efficiently enriches solid impurities in the high-salt wastewater containing uranium, directly resources the high-salt wastewater into reusable acid and alkali, and realizes harmless treatment, resource utilization and near-zero emission treatment of the wastewater.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-salinity wastewater recycling technology, and more specifically, to an intelligent control recycling device and system for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater. Background Technology

[0002] In the nuclear fuel cycle, uranium smelting, and certain chemical processes, large quantities of wastewater with complex compositions, extremely high salt concentrations (often containing sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate, etc.), and trace amounts of radioactive nuclides (such as uranium) are generated. This type of wastewater is called uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater. Treating this type of wastewater faces two major challenges. First, the high salt concentration renders traditional biochemical treatment methods completely ineffective, while physicochemical methods such as evaporation crystallization and membrane concentration are extremely energy-intensive and ultimately generate large amounts of radioactive mixed salt solid waste that are difficult to dispose of, posing long-term environmental risks. Simple dilution and discharge will cause salinization of water bodies and soil, resulting in the loss of valuable salt resources. Secondly, the wastewater contains trace amounts of radioactive substances such as uranium, which are chemically and radiotoxic. It must be strictly contained within the treatment system. Any form of uncontrolled discharge will cause radiation spread and endanger the environment and public health.

[0003] Therefore, developing an integrated technology and intelligent equipment that can simultaneously achieve radioactive solid enrichment and recovery, high-salinity water fractionation and reuse, and near-zero emissions throughout the entire process is of urgent need and great significance for the sustainable development, environmental protection, and resource conservation of the nuclear energy industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent control and recovery device and system for uranium-containing high-salt wastewater to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides an intelligent control and recycling device and system for uranium-containing high-salt wastewater, including a flocculation tank and a circulation component. The circulation component is connected to the flocculation tank and drives the liquid inside the flocculation tank to form a circulating water flow. It also includes several interception components arranged parallel to each other inside the flocculation tank, which are used to intercept and enrich uranium-containing solid impurities under the impact of the circulating water flow, achieving solid-liquid separation. Furthermore, it includes a separation component connected to the flocculation tank, which receives the saline solution after solid-liquid separation. It also includes a permeation shell disposed inside the separation component and a permeation component disposed inside the permeation shell. The permeation component is used to separate the saline solution into acidic and alkaline solutions through bipolar membrane electrodialysis, constructing a complete treatment chain. First, the circulating water flow and interception components achieve efficient enrichment and solid-liquid separation of uranium-containing solids. Then, bipolar membrane electrodialysis converts the separated saline solution into reusable acid and alkali, realizing the resource utilization and harmless treatment of wastewater.

[0006] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the interception component includes an interception net, and the inner sidewall of the flocculation tank is provided with an insertion groove that slides with the interception net; the top of the interception net is provided with a top plate, and the top of the top plate is provided with a connecting handle. The sliding fit design between the interception net and the insertion groove, as well as the design of the top plate and the handle, have the beneficial effect of enabling quick insertion and removal of the interception component, facilitating maintenance and cleaning.

[0007] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the diameter of the interception mesh of several interception components gradually increases along the direction of circulating water flow, forming a stepped filtration structure. The beneficial effect of the stepped filtration structure with the interception mesh gradually increasing along the direction of water flow is to perform step-by-step filtration from coarse to fine, which can effectively enrich solid impurities of different particle sizes, improve filtration efficiency, and prevent the filter screen from clogging quickly.

[0008] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the circulation component includes a circulation pipe and a circulation pump. The circulation pipe is connected to opposite sides of the flocculation tank, and the circulation pump is mounted on the circulation pipe. The outer side of the flocculation tank is connected to the circulation pump via a vibration damping component. The circulation pipe and circulation pump create a circulating water flow, which provides continuous power for interception and filtration, achieving dynamic filtration. The vibration damping component is designed to reduce the impact of pump vibration on the stability of the interception process within the flocculation tank.

[0009] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the separation component includes a connecting pipe with one end connected to the flocculation tank, and a suction pump connected to the other end of the connecting pipe. The suction pump is used to pump the saline solution into the permeate shell. It also includes a separation shell containing the permeate shell, and a return water pipe connected between the permeate shell and the flocculation tank. The return water pipe is used to return liquid when the water pressure is too high, and the suction pump pumps the clarified liquid into the permeate shell. Its beneficial effect is to achieve directional liquid transport. The return water pipe also helps to release pressure and return the liquid when the system pressure is too high, protecting the internal permeate membrane stack (bipolar membrane, etc.) from high-pressure damage.

[0010] As a further improvement to this technical solution, it also includes at least two storage tanks, each independently connected to one end of the permeation shell, for storing acidic and alkaline solutions respectively; and a control module disposed on the outer surface of the separation shell, electrically connected to the permeation component. The separate storage tanks for storing acid and alkali respectively achieve safe isolation and classified recovery of the products. The beneficial effect of the control module is to realize automated monitoring and intelligent regulation of the electrodialysis process.

[0011] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the permeation component includes a bipolar membrane, a conductive element, and a sealing ring. The bipolar membrane is disposed inside the permeation shell, and its side is connected to the conductive element. The conductive element penetrates the permeation shell and is connected to the control module. The outer edge of the bipolar membrane is sealed to the inner wall of the permeation shell through the sealing ring. Under an electric field, it efficiently dissociates water into H⁺ and OH⁻, thereby converting salt (such as NaNO₃) into the corresponding acid (HNO₃) and alkali (NaOH), with low energy consumption and no by-products.

[0012] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the bipolar membrane includes a cation exchange layer, an interfacial hydrophilic layer, and an anion exchange layer. The bipolar membrane is a bipolar membrane electrodialysis membrane stack, which can dissociate water molecules into H+ and OH- under the action of a DC electric field, and convert saline ions into corresponding acids and bases.

[0013] A smart control and recycling system for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater includes the following steps: Inject uranium-containing high-salt wastewater into the flocculation tank and start the control module; The circulation components are activated to form a circulating water flow in the flocculation tank, which impacts the interception components to enrich uranium-containing solid impurities. Start the separation unit to pump the brine after solid-liquid separation into the permeation shell; Controlling the operation of the permeation components, the saline solution is converted into acidic and alkaline solutions through bipolar membrane electrodialysis; The generated acidic and alkaline solutions are stored separately in independent storage tanks; The system operating parameters can be monitored and adjusted in real time through the control module.

[0014] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the saline solution is mainly sodium nitrate solution, which is converted into nitric acid and sodium hydroxide through bipolar membrane electrodialysis. The control module adjusts the voltage and current of the permeation components in real time according to the influent water quality and flow parameters to optimize the separation efficiency and protect the membrane stack. The functions of each part of the device are integrated into a coherent and operable intelligent process flow. It is clear that through intelligent control to optimize operation, the automated and resource-based treatment of uranium-containing high-salt wastewater can be achieved.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The intelligent control and recycling device and system for uranium-containing high-salt wastewater directly converts traditionally difficult-to-treat, usually only dilute and discharged uranium-containing high-salt wastewater (such as sodium nitrate solution) into reusable acids (such as nitric acid) and alkalis (such as sodium hydroxide); this realizes the transformation from "waste treatment" to "resource regeneration", saves chemical procurement costs, and fundamentally eliminates the environmental risk of discharging wastewater containing trace amounts of radioactive ions.

[0016] 2. The intelligent control and recovery device and system for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater achieves efficient and progressive enrichment of uranium-containing solid impurities through a combination of "circulating water flow" and "tiered interception nets." This dynamic filtration method is more efficient than static sedimentation. The tiered pore size design avoids rapid clogging of single-pore screens, improves separation accuracy and dirt-holding capacity, and provides higher-quality feed water for the downstream membrane treatment unit.

[0017] 3. In this intelligent control and recovery device and system for uranium-containing high-salt wastewater, the intelligent control module can adjust the electrodialysis parameters in real time according to the influent water quality and flow rate, optimizing efficiency and protecting the core membrane stack. The system is designed with multiple safety mechanisms, including a return water pipe to prevent overpressure, independent acid / alkali storage tanks for product isolation, and vibration damping components, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system (especially the expensive membrane modules). The interception net adopts a pluggable design and is equipped with a handle, which facilitates regular cleaning and maintenance, reducing the difficulty and labor costs of long-term operation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure assembly of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the permeable shell structure in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control module in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the conductive component in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing ring structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bipolar membrane structure in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrophilic layer at the interface in this invention.

[0019] The labels in the diagram represent the following: 1. Flocculation tank; 2. Circulation component; 201. Circulation pipe; 202. Vibration damping component; 203. Circulation pump; 3. Interception component; 4. Separation component; 401. Connecting pipe; 402. Suction pump; 403. Separation shell; 404. Return water pipe; 405. Control module; 406. Storage tank; 5. Permeation shell; 6. Permeation component; 601. Conductive component; 602. Bipolar membrane; 6021. Cation exchange layer; 6022. Interfacial hydrophilic layer; 6023. Anion exchange layer; 603. Sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 Please see Figures 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent control and recycling device for uranium-containing high-salt wastewater, including a flocculation tank 1 and a circulation component 2 for circulating the liquid inside the flocculation tank 1. Several parallel interception components 3 are arranged at equal intervals inside the flocculation tank 1. The circulation component 2 generates a circulating water flow inside the flocculation tank 1. The water flow impacts the surface of the interception components 3, thereby enriching solid impurities in the water flow of the flocculation tank 1 onto the interception components 3, thereby achieving solid-liquid separation. To ensure the stable use of interception component 3, its specific structure needs to be made public: The interception component 3 includes an interception net installed inside the flocculation tank 1. The inner wall of the flocculation tank 1 is integrally formed with an insertion groove corresponding to the interception component 3. The side of the interception net is slidably connected to the insertion groove. The insertion groove is vertical. Sealing elements are fixedly installed on the contact surfaces of the interception net and the inner wall of the insertion groove on both sides. A top plate is fixedly installed on the top of the interception net. The top plate is in contact with the top of the flocculation tank 1. The width of the top plate is greater than the width of the interception net. A connecting handle is fixedly installed on the top of the top plate. The connecting handle is used to insert and pull out the interception net, thereby facilitating the maintenance of the flocculation tank 1. Since the direction of the circulating water flow of the interception component 3 is perpendicular to that of the circulating component 2, the interception effect of the several parallel interception components 3 is different. Therefore, the interception mesh of the several parallel interception components 3 is different. The diameter of the interception mesh of the interception component 3 near the water inlet end of the circulating component 2 is smaller than that of the interception mesh of the interception component 3 away from the water inlet end. Through the step-by-step filtration and enrichment method, the uranium-containing solid impurities inside the flocculation tank 1 can be removed.

[0022] However, after the removal of uranium-containing solid impurities, the water in flocculation tank 1 still contains salt ions (such as sodium nitrate solution). Therefore, the safe treatment of the saline solution is very necessary. The traditional treatment method for saline solution is usually dilution and discharge. This leads to the waste of salt ions, and the presence of trace amounts of radioactive ions in the saline solution poses a risk of radiation diffusion when discharged to the outside. Therefore, this scheme adopts a separation method, which enables the saline solution to be reused in nuclear power. This achieves recycling while avoiding the external discharge of the saline solution, thus realizing the effect of recycling liquids containing radioactive ions in the nuclear power field and avoiding the problem of radiation diffusion. Therefore, in order to achieve the recycling effect of saline solution, it is also necessary to reduce saline solution (such as sodium nitrate solution) into acidic and alkaline solutions, so as to facilitate the subsequent adjustment of solution acidity and alkalinity through acid-base reaction in nuclear power. In order to reduce the saline solution into acidic and alkaline solutions, a separation component 4 is installed on the outer wall of the flocculation tank 1. A permeation shell 5 is fixedly installed inside the separation component 4. A permeation component 6 is installed inside the permeation shell 5 to reduce and separate the saline solution. The permeation component 6 reduces the saline solution into acidic and alkaline solutions through bipolar membrane electrodialysis.

[0023] To realize the functionality of this solution, it is also necessary to disclose the working principle of bipolar membrane electrodialysis and the specific structure of separation component 4 and permeation component 6: Among them, the separation component 4 includes a connecting pipe 401 that is connected to the outer side of the flocculation tank 1. The other end of the connecting pipe 401 is connected to a water suction pump 402. The water suction pump 402 is used to draw up the saline solution after it has been filtered by the interception component 3, thus ensuring the stability of the unidirectional water flow. A separation shell 403 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the flocculation tank 1. The permeation shell 5 is installed inside the separation shell 403. The water outlet of the water pump 402 away from the connecting pipe 401 is connected to the outer arc surface of the permeation shell 5. The permeation shell 5 is placed horizontally inside the separation shell 403. The top of the outer arc surface of the permeation shell 5 is connected to a return water pipe 404 that is connected to the flocculation tank 1. The return water pipe 404 is used to return excess water to the flocculation tank 1 when the water pressure inside the permeation shell 5 is too high, thereby ensuring that the permeation component 6 installed inside the permeation shell 5 will not rupture due to excessive water pressure. To achieve independent storage of the separated acidic and alkaline solutions, the two ends of the permeation shell 5 are independently sealed and connected to connecting pipes. The other end of the connecting pipes is connected to a storage tank 406. A one-way vent valve is provided on the top of the storage tank 406. The storage tank 406 is used to independently store the separated acidic and alkaline solutions. A control module 405 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the separation shell 403. The control module 405 is connected to the permeation component 6 and can adjust the internal operation of the permeation component 6 through the control module 405.

[0024] The permeation component 6 includes a bipolar membrane 602 disposed inside the permeation housing 5. A conductive element 601 is connected to the side of the bipolar membrane 602. The conductive element 601 passes through the side of the permeation housing 5 and is controlled by the control module 405. A sealing ring 603 is fixedly disposed on the outer arc surface of the bipolar membrane 602. The sealing ring 603 contacts and is pressed against the inner arc surface of the permeation housing 5. The conductive element 601 enables the control module 405 to control the bipolar membrane 602. The conductivity of the bipolar membrane 602 is adjusted according to the change in salt ion concentration in the saline solution, thereby achieving a stable electrodialysis separation effect. Furthermore, the principles of electrodialysis are disclosed: Bipolar membrane electrodialysis is an advanced process based on ion exchange membrane separation technology. Its core lies in using the special structure of bipolar membranes to achieve efficient dissociation of water, thereby converting salt solutions into corresponding acids and bases.

[0025] The bipolar membrane 602 includes a cation exchange layer 6021 (N-type membrane), an interface hydrophilic layer 6022 (catalytic layer), and an anion exchange layer 6023 (P-type membrane). In this process, under the influence of a DC electric field, when a reverse voltage is applied to the bipolar membrane 602, charged ions migrate from the transition region between the two ion exchange layers to the bulk solution, leading to ion depletion within the interfacial layer and the formation of a high potential gradient. This potential gradient causes water molecules to dissociate, generating hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

[0026] The H⁺ and OH⁻ generated by dissociation migrate to the bulk solutions on both sides of the membrane through the cation exchange layer 6021 and the anion exchange layer 6023, respectively, while the consumed water molecules are replenished from the external solution to the intermediate interface layer through diffusion, thereby maintaining the continuous progress of the water dissociation reaction.

[0027] A bipolar membrane electrodialysis system is formed by combining the bipolar membrane 602 with the anion exchange layer 6021 and the cation exchange layer 6023, which typically forms a three-compartment structure: acid compartment, alkali compartment and salt compartment.

[0028] When concentrated water (mainly containing sodium nitrate) enters the system, driven by a DC electric field, the salt anions (NO3⁻) permeate through the anion exchange membrane into the acid chamber, combining with the H⁺ released from the bipolar membrane to form nitric acid (HNO3). Simultaneously, the salt cations (Na⁺) permeate through the cation exchange membrane into the alkali chamber, combining with the OH⁻ released from the bipolar membrane to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The entire chemical reaction can be represented as: NaNO3 + H2O → HNO3 + NaOH, achieving the transformation from salt to acid and alkali without introducing new components.

[0029] The bipolar electrodialysis desalination method achieves water dissociation at lower voltages, consuming significantly less energy than traditional electrolysis. The process involves no electrode reactions and produces no redox byproducts. It can generate acids and bases from inorganic or organic acid salts in a single step, with precise control over product concentrations. Because no regeneration process is required, it can operate continuously for extended periods with minimal wastewater generation. In your uranium-containing high-salt wastewater treatment system, bipolar membrane electrodialysis converts concentrated sodium nitrate into reusable sodium hydroxide and nitric acid solutions, achieving resource recycling.

[0030] To ensure the technical integrity of this solution, the specific structure of the circulation component 2 also needs to be disclosed: The circulation component 2 includes a circulation pipe 201 that is connected to the side of the flocculation tank 1, and the circulation pipe 201 is connected to both sides of the flocculation tank 1; a vibration damping component 202 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the flocculation tank 1, and a circulation pump 203 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the vibration damping component 202, and the circulation pump 203 is connected to the circulation pipe 201. The vibration damping component 202 can prevent the vibration generated by the circulating pump 203 from affecting the interception component 3 installed inside the flocculation tank 1, thereby avoiding problems such as reduced interception efficiency. The combination structure of the circulating pump 203 and the circulating pipe 201 can realize the circulation of water inside the flocculation tank 1, thereby achieving the effect of continuous filtration and interception. Furthermore, the vibration damping component 202 includes a vibration damping telescopic rod and a telescopic platform. The telescopic platform is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the flocculation tank 1 through the vibration damping telescopic rod, and the telescopic platform is fixedly connected to the circulating pump 203.

[0031] The core working principle of this device is a continuous, resource-based treatment process that integrates physical filtration and advanced membrane separation technology.

[0032] The entire process begins in flocculation tank 1, which is equipped with parallel interception components 3 arranged from dense to sparse. Circulation component 2 drives the wastewater to form a circulating flow within the tank. The water flow continuously impacts the interception net, efficiently capturing and enriching uranium-containing solid impurities in the water through a step-by-step filtration process, thus completing the initial solid-liquid separation.

[0033] The interceptor uses a plug-in design for easy maintenance. The separated uranium-containing solids can be processed and recycled separately, while the remaining clear liquid is a "salt-containing liquid" containing high concentrations of salt (such as sodium nitrate) and trace amounts of radioactive ions.

[0034] The separation component 4 pumps the clear liquid into the permeation shell, where the permeation component 6 is activated under the intelligent control of the control module.

[0035] Under the action of a DC electric field, the system causes water molecules in the interface layer of the bipolar membrane 602 to dissociate into H⁺ and OH⁻.

[0036] Meanwhile, anions (such as NO3⁻) and cations (such as Na⁺) in the salt solution pass through their respective ion exchange membranes and combine with the dissociated H⁺ and OH⁻, thereby directly converting the sodium nitrate solution into nitric acid and sodium hydroxide. The chemical reaction is NaNO3 + H2O → HNO3 + NaOH.

[0037] The generated acid and alkali are introduced into separate storage tanks and can be reused in nuclear power processes. The entire electrodialysis process is carried out in a closed system, and the return water pipe design prevents overpressure, ensuring the safety of the membrane stack.

[0038] By combining circulating water flow with a cascade interception network, efficient and precise enrichment of uranium-containing solid impurities is achieved, creating conditions for resource recovery.

[0039] Its most innovative effect lies in its perfect closed-loop resource recovery and risk control capabilities: it utilizes the core technology of bipolar membrane 602 electrodialysis to directly convert radioactive high-salt wastewater, which is traditionally difficult to treat and can only be diluted and discharged, into acid and alkali with reuse value. This not only realizes the resource recovery of salt and saves chemical costs, but also fundamentally eliminates the discharge of wastewater containing trace amounts of radioactive ions, allowing all liquid substances to be recycled within the system and completely eliminating the environmental risk of radiation diffusion.

[0040] After the system is started, the circulation component 2 drives the wastewater in the pool to form a circulating water flow.

[0041] The water flow continuously impacts multiple sets of parallel-arranged interception components.

[0042] These interception components adopt a plug-in design, and the mesh size of their interception net gradually increases along the water flow direction, forming a tiered filtration structure.

[0043] As the circulating water flows through these interception nets, uranium-containing solid impurities are captured and enriched on the net surface in stages, thus achieving preliminary and efficient solid-liquid separation. The separated uranium-containing solids can be processed and recycled separately, while the remaining clarified liquid in the pool is "saltwater containing high concentrations of salt and trace amounts of radioactive ions." After solid-liquid separation is completed, the separation unit is activated, and the saline solution (mainly sodium nitrate solution) is pumped into the permeation shell at the rear end by a water pump.

[0044] Under the influence of the DC electric field applied by the control module, the water molecules in the bipolar membrane interface layer of the permeation component 6 are dissociated into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

[0045] Simultaneously, sodium ions (Na⁺) and nitrate ions (NO₃⁻) in the salt solution pass through their respective ion exchange membranes under the drive of an electric field. Na⁺ combines with OH⁻ in the alkaline chamber to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, while NO₃⁻ combines with H⁺ in the acidic chamber to form nitric acid (HNO₃) solution.

[0046] This process achieves the chemical reaction: NaNO3 + H2O → HNO3 + NaOH, directly converting harmful salts into valuable acid and alkali products. The generated acids and alkalis are then separately transferred to two independent storage tanks for sealed storage. The control module 405 can adjust the voltage and current of the permeation component (bipolar membrane electrodialysis stack) in real time according to parameters such as the water quality and flow rate of the influent, so as to operate at the optimal efficiency and protect the membrane stack.

[0047] The return water pipe 404 connecting the permeate shell 5 and the flocculation tank 1 can automatically return and relieve pressure when the water pressure inside the membrane stack is too high, preventing the membrane stack from rupturing; a vibration damping component is provided between the circulation pump 203 and the flocculation tank 1 to isolate vibration and ensure the stability of interception filtration; independent acid and alkali storage tanks avoid product mixing.

[0048] The combination of intelligent control and multiple safety mechanisms ensures that the system can operate continuously, stably, and safely for a long time, ultimately achieving the goals of harmless, resource-based, and zero-emission treatment of high-salt wastewater.

[0049] Example 2 Please see Figures 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent control and recovery system for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater, including the following steps: S1 starts the intelligent control module 405 of the system and injects the uranium-containing high-salt wastewater to be treated into the flocculation tank 1; S2 starts the circulation component 2, and the circulation pump 203 drives the liquid in the flocculation tank to form a circulating water flow; the water flow continuously impacts multiple sets of parallel interception components 3 in the tank; After solid-liquid separation in S3, the remaining clear liquid in flocculation tank 1 is "salt water containing high salt content and trace amounts of radioactive ions"; start the water pump 402 in the separation component 4, and pump this part of the salt water into the permeation shell 5 in a metered amount through the connecting pipe 401. The S4 permeation component 6 operates under the intelligent control of the control module; under the action of a DC electric field, the bipolar membrane (602) dissociates water molecules into H⁺ and OH⁻; at the same time, the cations (Na⁺) and anions (NO⁻) in the salt (such as NaNO₃) pass through the corresponding ion exchange membranes and combine with H⁺ and OH⁻, thereby directly converting the salt solution into nitric acid (HNO₃) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions; The acidic solution (nitric acid) and alkaline solution (sodium hydroxide) produced in the S5 electrodialysis process are physically isolated within the system; they are introduced into two independent storage tanks 406 for sealed storage through pipes at both ends of the permeation shell. The entire S6 system is monitored and intelligently adjusted in real time by the control module 405 to optimize operating efficiency; the interception components adopt a plug-in design, which facilitates regular cleaning and maintenance and ensures long-term stable filtration effect.

[0050] Through the bipolar membrane 602 electrodialysis technology, harmful salts in wastewater are directly converted into acids and alkalis (such as nitric acid and sodium hydroxide) required in industrial processes such as nuclear power, realizing a fundamental shift from "waste treatment" to "resource regeneration".

[0051] All liquid substances are circulated or converted into products within the system, achieving zero discharge of wastewater containing trace amounts of radioactive ions and fundamentally eliminating the risk of radioactive substances spreading into the environment. The design of "circulating water flow + cascade interception net" has enabled efficient and stepwise enrichment of uranium-containing solid impurities.

[0052] This dynamic filtration method is more efficient than static sedimentation. The stepped pore size design also avoids the rapid clogging of single-pore mesh, improves the accuracy of solid-liquid separation and the dirt holding capacity, provides better feed water for the downstream membrane treatment unit, and facilitates the subsequent recovery of uranium resources. The intelligent control module 405 can adjust the voltage and current of the electrodialysis process in real time according to parameters such as influent water quality and flow rate, ensuring optimal conversion efficiency and protecting the membrane stack.

[0053] The design of return water pipe 404 and independent storage tank 406 constitutes a safety mechanism for overpressure protection and product isolation, ensuring that the system, especially the expensive membrane module, can operate stably for a long time. Converting the salts in wastewater into reusable chemicals directly saves on the cost of externally procuring these chemicals. The plug-in design of the interceptor net simplifies and expedites maintenance and cleaning, reducing the long-term operational complexity and labor costs of the system.

[0054] Example 3 Please see Figures 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides supplementary steps to Embodiment 2, including the following steps: In the process of electrodialysis of uranium-containing wastewater, S7 filters and intercepts the uranium-containing wastewater through bipolar membrane 602, while excess uranium-containing wastewater flows back to flocculation tank 1 through return water pipe 404; Due to the limited interception efficiency of the bipolar membrane 602, uranium-containing wastewater cannot be completely filtered through the bipolar membrane 602 during electrodialysis. During this process, the water content in the acidic or alkaline solution passing through the bipolar membrane 602 is lower than that in the uranium-containing wastewater. Therefore, during electrodialysis, the bipolar membrane 602 achieves the effect of concentrating the uranium-containing wastewater, which further increases the concentration of the acidic or alkaline solution inside the storage tank 406. The return structure of the return water pipe 404 can reduce the effective circulation flow rate, which avoids excessive water pressure inside the permeate shell 5 that could damage the bipolar membrane 602. At the same time, the uranium-containing wastewater that is returned will be recycled back into the permeate shell 5, ensuring the integrity of the bipolar membrane 602 electrodialysis process.

[0055] Example 4 Please see Figure 1 As shown, based on the above embodiments, this embodiment verifies the flocculation uranium removal process parameters for the solid-liquid separation unit composed of the flocculation tank 1, the circulation component 2, and the interception component 3, in order to specifically illustrate the enrichment and removal effect of the present invention on uranium-containing solid impurities.

[0056] The raw water used in this embodiment was uranium-containing sodium nitrate wastewater obtained after ammonia removal from uranium precipitation mother liquor. The raw liquor had a uranium concentration of 1.89 mg / L, a sodium ion content of approximately 30 g / L, and a conductivity of approximately 37.75 mS / cm. Ferric sulfate was used as the flocculant in the experiment, and eight groups with different process parameters were set up for comparison. Each group used the cascaded interception component 3 described in this invention for filtration and enrichment. The specific operation and results are as follows: Group 1 trials First, sulfuric acid is added to the wastewater in flocculation tank 1 to fine-tune the pH to 9.5-10.5. Ferrous sulfate flocculant is then added at a ratio of 1.5 mL per liter of wastewater. After addition, if the wastewater pH drops below 6.0, sodium hydroxide is added to restore the pH to 6.0-6.5. After rapid stirring and uniform mixing, circulation component 2 is started, driving water circulation through circulation pump 203 and circulation pipe 201. With impeller stirring for 20 minutes and allowed to stand for 3-5 minutes, the wastewater undergoes staged filtration through the stepped interception component 3 to complete solid-liquid separation.

[0057] The uranium concentration in the effluent from this fusion was 66.42 μg / L, and the pH of the effluent was 7.2.

[0058] Second group of trials First, sulfuric acid is added to the wastewater in flocculation tank 1 to adjust the pH to 9.5-10.5. Ferrous sulfate flocculant is then added at a ratio of 2.5 mL per liter of wastewater. After addition, if the wastewater pH drops below 6.0, sodium hydroxide is added to restore the pH to 6.0-6.5. After rapid stirring to ensure uniform mixing, circulation component 2 is activated to drive water circulation, accompanied by paddle stirring for 20 minutes. After standing for 3-5 minutes, the mixture is filtered through interception component 3.

[0059] The uranium concentration in the effluent from this fusion was 28.57 μg / L, and the pH of the effluent was 7.3.

[0060] Group 3 trials Add sulfuric acid to the wastewater in flocculation tank 1 to adjust the pH to 9.2, and add the agent at a ratio of 3.5 mL of ferric sulfate flocculant per liter of wastewater; after addition, replenish sulfuric acid to adjust the pH of the wastewater to 6.0~6.5. After rapid stirring and uniform mixing, start the circulation component 2 to drive water flow circulation, and stir with the paddle for 20 minutes. After standing for 3~5 minutes, filter through the interception component 3.

[0061] The uranium concentration in the effluent of this group was 10.28 μg / L, the pH of the effluent was 7.1, and the uranium removal rate reached 99.46%, which is the optimal operating condition for each group.

[0062] Fourth group of experiments First, sulfuric acid is added to the wastewater in flocculation tank 1 to adjust the pH to 9.5-10.5. Ferrous sulfate flocculant is then added at a ratio of 3.5 mL per liter of wastewater. After addition, if the wastewater pH drops below 6.0, sodium hydroxide is added to restore the pH to 6.0-6.5. After rapid stirring to ensure uniform mixing, circulation component 2 is activated to drive water circulation, accompanied by paddle stirring for 20 minutes. After standing for 3-5 minutes, the mixture is filtered through interception component 3.

[0063] The uranium concentration in the effluent from this fusion was 13.60 μg / L, and the pH of the effluent was 7.0.

[0064] Group 5 experiment First, sulfuric acid is added to the wastewater in flocculation tank 1 to fine-tune the pH to 9.5-10.5. Ferrous sulfate flocculant is then added at a ratio of 1.5 mL per liter of wastewater. After addition, if the wastewater pH drops below 6.0, sodium hydroxide is added to restore the pH to 6.0-6.5. The circulation component 2 is activated throughout the process to drive water circulation. The water is stirred in paddle mode for 20 minutes, then allowed to stand for 3-5 minutes before being filtered through the interception component 3.

[0065] The uranium concentration in the effluent from this fusion was 70.54 μg / L, and the pH of the effluent was 6.8.

[0066] Sixth group of experiments First, sulfuric acid is added to the wastewater in flocculation tank 1 to fine-tune the pH to 9.5-10.5. Ferrous sulfate flocculant is then added at a ratio of 2.5 mL per liter of wastewater. After addition, if the wastewater pH drops below 6.0, sodium hydroxide is added to restore the pH to 6.0-6.5. The circulation component 2 is activated throughout the process to drive water circulation. The water is stirred in paddle mode for 20 minutes, then allowed to stand for 3-5 minutes before being filtered through the interception component 3.

[0067] The uranium concentration in the effluent from this fusion was 22.12 μg / L, and the pH of the effluent was 6.8.

[0068] Seventh group of trials First, sulfuric acid is added to the wastewater in flocculation tank 1 to fine-tune the pH to 9.5-10.5. Ferrous sulfate flocculant is then added at a ratio of 3.5 mL per liter of wastewater. After addition, if the wastewater pH drops below 6.0, sodium hydroxide is added to restore the pH to 6.0-6.5. The circulation component 2 is activated throughout the process to drive water circulation. The water is stirred in paddle mode for 20 minutes, then allowed to stand for 3-5 minutes before being filtered through the interception component 3.

[0069] The uranium concentration in the effluent from this fusion was 20.10 μg / L, and the pH of the effluent was 6.8.

[0070] Group 8 experiment Add sulfuric acid to the wastewater in flocculation tank 1 to adjust the pH to 3.5, add ferric sulfate flocculant at a ratio of 3.5 mL per liter of wastewater, and then add sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 6.4. Activate circulation component 2 throughout the process to drive water circulation, agitate in paddle mode for 20 minutes, let stand for 3-5 minutes, and then filter through interception component 3.

[0071] The uranium concentration in the effluent from this fusion was 38.84 μg / L, and the pH of the effluent was 6.9.

[0072] As verified by this embodiment, the present invention employs a solid-liquid separation structure combining circulating water flow with a cascade interception component 3, coupled with ferric sulfate flocculation, to efficiently remove uranium from uranium-containing high-salt wastewater. Under optimized process parameters, the effluent uranium concentration can be reduced to the 10 μg / L level, providing low-uranium feed water for subsequent bipolar membrane electrodialysis units and preventing uranium from causing pollution and radiation accumulation on the bipolar membrane 602 stack. Simultaneously, uranium-containing solid impurities are enriched on the interception mesh of the interception component 3, which can be removed and centrally recycled via a plug-in structure, making operation convenient. Under continuous operation with the circulating component 2 driving the water flow throughout, the uranium removal effect gradually improves with increasing flocculant dosage. At a dosage of 3.5 mL / L, the effluent uranium concentration can be stabilized at around 20 μg / L, meeting the requirements of continuous industrial operation.

[0073] Example 5 Please see Figures 1-7 As shown, this embodiment, based on the above embodiments, conducts bipolar membrane electrodialysis treatment verification on the salt resource utilization unit composed of the separation component 4 and the permeation component 6, to specifically illustrate the resource utilization conversion effect of the present invention on saline solution.

[0074] The feed water used in this embodiment is sodium nitrate concentrate obtained by pre-concentration via reverse osmosis after the aforementioned flocculation and uranium removal treatment, with a conductivity of 141.7 mS / cm. The experiment employed the permeation shell 5 and permeation component 6 structure described in this invention, and the bipolar membrane 602 adopted a three-compartment electrodialysis membrane stack structure. Specific operations and results are as follows: Sodium nitrate concentrate is injected into the brine chamber of the permeate shell 5, while pure water is injected into the acid and alkali chambers respectively. The control module 405 is activated, connecting a DC power supply to the bipolar membrane stack 602 via the conductive component 601. The operating current is controlled to be stable at 27A, and the operating voltage range is 22.5V~26.9V, with continuous electrolysis for 60 minutes. During operation, the conductivity changes of each compartment are monitored in real time by the control module 405. When the water pressure inside the permeate shell 5 is too high, part of the liquid is returned to the flocculation tank 1 through the return water pipe 404 to ensure the safe operation of the membrane stack.

[0075] After the process is complete, the following results are obtained: The conductivity of the brine chamber decreased from the initial 141.7 ms / cm to 106.5 ms / cm, producing 2.81 L of demineralized water; The acid chamber produces 2.35 L of nitric acid solution with a concentration of 2.21 mol / L, corresponding to a current efficiency of 54%, which translates to an energy consumption of 1469 kWh per ton of nitric acid produced. The alkaline chamber produces 2.40 L of sodium hydroxide solution with a sodium hydroxide concentration of 2.41 mol / L, corresponding to a current efficiency of 60%, which translates to an energy consumption of 2082 kWh per ton of sodium hydroxide produced. The energy consumption for processing each ton of solid sodium nitrate is calculated to be 1089 kWh.

[0076] The produced nitric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution are respectively introduced into their respective storage tanks 406 through independent pipelines and sealed for storage, and can be reused in the production process.

[0077] As verified by this embodiment, the present invention, through bipolar membrane electrodialysis technology, can efficiently convert sodium nitrate in wastewater into reusable nitric acid and sodium hydroxide products, realizing the transformation of high-salinity wastewater from end-of-pipe treatment to resource regeneration. Simultaneously, the entire treatment process is carried out within a closed system, with uranium elements contained within the system without external discharge. Combined with a front-end flocculation uranium removal unit, it can completely achieve the harmless, resource-based, and near-zero discharge treatment of uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater.

[0078] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent control and recycling device for uranium-containing high-salt wastewater, comprising a flocculation tank (1) and a circulation component (2), wherein the circulation component (2) is connected to the flocculation tank (1) and is used to drive the liquid inside the flocculation tank (1) to form a circulating water flow; characterized in that: It also includes several interception components (3) arranged in parallel inside the flocculation tank (1). The interception components (3) are used to intercept and enrich uranium-containing solid impurities under the impact of circulating water flow, so as to achieve solid-liquid separation. It also includes a separation component (4) connected to the flocculation tank (1), the separation component (4) being used to receive the saline fraction after solid-liquid separation; It also includes a permeation shell (5) disposed inside the separation component (4), and a permeation component (6) disposed inside the permeation shell (5), the permeation component (6) being used to separate the saline solution into an acidic solution and an alkaline solution by bipolar membrane electrodialysis.

2. The intelligent control and recovery device for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interception component (3) includes an interception net, and the inner wall of the flocculation tank (1) is provided with an insertion groove that slides with the interception net; the top of the interception net is provided with a top plate, and the top of the top plate is provided with a connecting handle.

3. The intelligent control and recovery device for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the interception mesh of several interception components (3) increases gradually along the direction of circulating water flow, forming a tiered filtration structure.

4. The intelligent control and recovery device for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater according to claim 3, characterized in that: The circulation component (2) includes a circulation pipe (201) and a circulation pump (203). The circulation pipe (201) is connected to the opposite sides of the flocculation tank (1), and the circulation pump (203) is installed on the circulation pipe (201). The outer side of the flocculation tank (1) is connected to the circulation pump (203) through a vibration damping component (202).

5. The intelligent control and recovery device for uranium-containing high-salt wastewater according to claim 4, characterized in that: The separation component (4) includes a connecting pipe (401) connected to the flocculation tank (1) at one end, and a water pump (402) connected to the other end of the connecting pipe (401). The water pump (402) is used to pump the saline solution into the interior of the permeation shell (5). It also includes a separation shell (403) with the permeation shell (5) inside, and a return water pipe (404) connected to the permeation shell (5) and the flocculation tank (1). The return water pipe (404) is used to return the liquid when the water pressure is too high.

6. The intelligent control and recovery device for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes at least two storage tanks (406), which are independently connected to both ends of the permeation shell (5) for storing acidic and alkaline solutions respectively; and a control module (405) disposed on the outer surface of the separation shell (403), which is electrically connected to the permeation component (6).

7. The intelligent control and recovery device for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The permeation component (6) includes a bipolar membrane (602), a conductive element (601), and a sealing ring (603); the bipolar membrane (602) is disposed inside the permeation housing (5), and its side is connected to the conductive element (601). The conductive element (601) penetrates the permeation housing (5) and is connected to the control module (405); the outer edge of the bipolar membrane (602) is sealed to the inner wall of the permeation housing (5) through the sealing ring (603).

8. The intelligent control and recovery device and system for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bipolar membrane (602) includes a cation exchange layer, an interface hydrophilic layer, and an anion exchange layer. The bipolar membrane (602) is a bipolar membrane electrodialysis membrane stack. Under the action of a DC electric field, it can dissociate water molecules into H+ and OH-, and convert saline ions into corresponding acids and bases.

9. An intelligent control and recovery system for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater, characterized in that, The intelligent control and recovery device for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater as described in any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: Inject uranium-containing high-salt wastewater into the flocculation tank (1) and start the control module (405). The circulation component (2) is activated to form a circulating water flow in the flocculation tank (1) to impact the interception component (3) to enrich uranium-containing solid impurities; Start the separation unit (4) to pump the brine after solid-liquid separation into the permeation shell (5); Control the operation of the permeation component (6) to convert saline solution into acidic and alkaline solution through bipolar membrane electrodialysis; The generated acidic and alkaline solutions are respectively transferred to separate storage tanks (406) for storage; The system operating parameters are monitored and adjusted in real time through the control module (405).

10. The intelligent control and recovery system for uranium-containing high-salinity wastewater according to claim 9, characterized in that: The saline solution is mainly sodium nitrate solution, which is converted into nitric acid and sodium hydroxide through bipolar membrane electrodialysis. The control module (405) adjusts the voltage and current of the permeation component (6) in real time according to the influent water quality and flow parameters to optimize the separation efficiency and protect the membrane stack.

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