A composting apparatus suitable for use in low temperature environments

Abstract

The present application belongs to the fermentation technical field of organic fertilizer, and particularly relates to a composting device suitable for low-temperature environment, comprising: a fermentation pit opened in a soil body, a plurality of heat dissipation pipes with gas outlet holes are arranged at the bottom of the pit, a conductive mat net is arranged above the heat dissipation pipes, and a fermentation object is placed above the conductive mat net; a cover body with a longitudinal section tapering is arranged on the top opening of the fermentation pit, a negative pressure machine is arranged at the top end of the cover body, the gas outlet end of the negative pressure machine is communicated with the heat dissipation pipes through a shunt mechanism, an electrode inserted into the fermentation object is vertically arranged in the cover body, a gap is left between the electrode and the conductive mat net, and the electrode and the conductive mat net are respectively connected with the positive and negative poles of a power supply. The present application uses the cover body and the negative pressure machine to forcibly guide the rising hot gas into the bottom heat dissipation pipes, forms a hot gas downward circulation, and combines with the bottom electric field heating to realize stable temperature rising in a low-temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizer fermentation technology, and in particular relates to a composting device suitable for low-temperature environments. Background Technology

[0002] Aerobic composting is an important technical approach for realizing the resource utilization of agricultural waste and producing organic fertilizer. Composting under low-temperature conditions in winter can effectively avoid problems commonly encountered during summer composting, such as the escape of foul odors, the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, and the environmental pollution caused by leachate seepage. At the same time, the relatively abundant rural labor force and agricultural machinery during the winter off-season in northern cold regions provide manpower and equipment support for the implementation of low-temperature composting. However, the low-temperature environment significantly inhibits the metabolic activity of microorganisms in the compost material, making it difficult for the compost pile to initiate the heating process, which is the core obstacle restricting the application of winter composting technology.

[0003] Currently, there are two main technical approaches to address the difficulty of raising the temperature in low-temperature composting: one is to inoculate the material with low-temperature resistant functional microbial agents and combine this with physical insulation measures such as covering with film; the other is to use external heating methods such as hot water steam circulation or electric heating systems to raise the temperature of the compost pile. Studies have shown that although cold-adaptive microorganisms have unique low-temperature metabolic sensing mechanisms, the screening, cultivation, and propagation of such strains are difficult, and they require complex activation and rejuvenation treatments before use, making it difficult to break through the -10℃ temperature limit in practical applications. While external heating methods can overcome the temperature bottleneck to some extent, their equipment investment and operating energy consumption are high, significantly increasing composting costs and hindering the large-scale promotion of low-temperature composting technology in cold winter scenarios. In addition, existing composting devices mostly use hardened ground or fixed containers, with the bottom of the pile in direct contact with the ground. When the ground temperature is extremely low in winter, the bottom loses a lot of heat, resulting in a large temperature difference between the top and bottom of the pile and incomplete fermentation of the bottom material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composting device suitable for low-temperature environments to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments includes: a fermentation pit, which is located in the soil; multiple heat dissipation pipes are arranged at the bottom of the fermentation pit and are spaced apart along the length of the fermentation pit; multiple air outlets are provided at the top of the heat dissipation pipes and are spaced apart along the length of the heat dissipation pipes; a conductive mesh is arranged above the multiple heat dissipation pipes; and the material to be fermented is placed on the conductive mesh. The fermentation pit is covered with a cover at the top opening. The longitudinal section of the cover gradually narrows from bottom to top. A negative pressure machine is installed at the top of the cover. The air outlet of the negative pressure machine is connected to multiple heat dissipation pipes through a diversion mechanism. Multiple electrodes are vertically installed inside the cover. The electrodes are inserted into the material to be fermented. There is a gap between the electrodes and the conductive pad. The electrodes and the conductive pad are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply, respectively.

[0006] Preferably, the inner wall of the fermentation pit is circumferentially covered with a waterproof layer, and a first heat insulation layer is provided circumferentially on the inner side of the waterproof layer. The heat dissipation pipe is located above the bottom of the first heat insulation layer at the bottom of the fermentation pit.

[0007] Preferably, multiple first air supply pipes are provided on the opposite side walls of the fermentation pit. The ends of the multiple first air supply pipes are correspondingly arranged and connected to the ends of the multiple heat dissipation pipes. The first air supply pipes are vertically arranged, and the top ends of the first air supply pipes extend out of the ground and are connected to the diversion mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, a second insulation layer is provided on the inner wall of the cover.

[0009] Preferably, the diversion mechanism includes a diversion pipe disposed at the top of the cover, the diversion pipe being disposed along the length direction of the cover, the bottom end of the diversion pipe being connected to at least one of the negative pressure machines, and multiple second air supply pipes being connected to both sides of the diversion pipe, the diversion pipe and the second air supply pipes being located inside the second insulation layer, and the multiple second air supply pipes being disposed in correspondence with and connected to the multiple first air supply pipes.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end of the second gas supply pipe is threaded with a connector, the bottom end of the connector extends out of the second gas supply pipe and into the top end of the first gas supply pipe, the bottom outer edge of the connector is chamfered, and the connector is adapted to the first gas supply pipe.

[0011] Preferably, a support ring is provided on the outer circumferential side of the plurality of second gas pipes, the support ring is fixed to the cover and close to the bottom end of the cover, and a third heat insulation layer is provided on the inner edge of the support ring.

[0012] Preferably, a gravel layer is laid above the heat dissipation pipe, and the conductive pad is disposed above the gravel layer.

[0013] Preferably, the inner sidewall of the fermentation pit is provided with an isolation wall in the circumferential direction. The isolation wall is located inside the plurality of first gas supply pipes. The isolation wall is fixedly connected to the fermentation pit by a plurality of pins. The bottom end of the isolation wall abuts against the top surface of the conductive pad mesh.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the fermentation pit is connected to multiple drainage pipes, one end of which extends out of the first insulation layer and is located between two adjacent heat dissipation pipes.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention provides a composting device suitable for low-temperature environments. A heat dissipation pipe is laid at the bottom of the fermentation pit, with vents at its top. Combined with a tapering cover and a negative pressure unit at the top of the pit, this actively collects the high-temperature gas rising to the top during composting and forces it into the bottom heat dissipation pipe. This allows heat to be released evenly from the bottom and re-penetrate the pile, forming a downward circulation loop. This effectively solves the problem of low bottom temperature caused by natural heat loss during conventional composting. The conductive mesh serves the dual function of conducting electricity at the anode and supporting the material to be fermented. A gap is left between the mesh and the electrodes vertically inserted into the pile to avoid short-circuit risks and ensure the uniformity and stability of the electric field distribution along the height of the pile. Because the conductive mesh is laid at the very bottom of the pile, the electric field coverage extends to the bottom layer, effectively activating the microbial activity of the bottom material in low-temperature environments. This invention eliminates the need for external low-temperature inoculants, reducing the cumbersome processes of inoculant screening, cultivation, and activation, and lowering the operational difficulty. The stable bottom temperature also mitigates the problems of bottom freezing and uneven fermentation in winter composting, improving the overall uniformity of fermentation within the pile. Meanwhile, the recovery and recycling of rising hot air significantly improves heat utilization efficiency and effectively reduces the energy consumption demand for external heating. The system has a simple structure and low cost, making it suitable for continuous composting operations in cold winter environments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; The components are as follows: 1. Fermentation pit; 2. Waterproof layer; 3. First insulation layer; 4. Heat dissipation pipe; 5. First air supply pipe; 6. Isolation wall; 7. Conductive mesh; 8. Gravel layer; 9. Conditioner layer; 10. Feces layer; 11. Electrode; 12. Grid frame; 13. Support ring; 14. Cover; 15. Second insulation layer; 16. Second air supply pipe; 17. Hanging ring; 18. Diverter pipe; 19. Negative pressure unit; 20. Insert pin; 21. Connector; 22. Third insulation layer; 23. Drainage pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Reference Figures 1 to 2 This invention discloses a composting device suitable for low-temperature environments, comprising: a fermentation pit 1, which is located in the soil, and multiple heat dissipation pipes 4 are arranged at the bottom of the fermentation pit 1. The multiple heat dissipation pipes 4 are arranged at intervals along the length of the fermentation pit 1. Multiple air outlets are opened at the top of the heat dissipation pipes 4. The multiple air outlets are arranged at intervals along the length of the heat dissipation pipes 4. A conductive pad 7 is arranged above the multiple heat dissipation pipes 4. The material to be fermented is placed on the conductive pad 7. The top opening of the fermentation pit 1 is covered with a cover 14. The longitudinal section of the cover 14 gradually narrows from bottom to top. A negative pressure machine 19 is installed at the top of the cover 14. The air outlet of the negative pressure machine 19 is connected to multiple heat dissipation pipes 4 through a diversion mechanism. Multiple electrodes 11 are vertically installed inside the cover 14. The electrodes 11 are inserted into the material to be fermented. There is a gap between the electrodes 11 and the conductive pad 7. The electrodes 11 and the conductive pad 7 are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, respectively.

[0020] When the composting device of the present invention is used in a low-temperature environment, a fermentation pit 1 is first set up in the soil, and multiple heat dissipation pipes 4 with vent holes are laid at the bottom of the pit. A conductive mat 7 is placed above the heat dissipation pipes 4, and then the material to be fermented is placed on the conductive mat 7. Subsequently, a cover 14 with a gradually narrowing longitudinal section is placed on the top of the fermentation pit 1, and an electrode 11 is vertically inserted into the material to be fermented, maintaining a gap with the conductive mat 7. The electrode 11 and the conductive mat 7 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply. During the composting process, the hot gas generated inside the pile rises and accumulates on the top of the cover 14. After the negative pressure machine 19 is started, the hot gas at the top is forcibly drawn in and sent to each heat dissipation pipe 4 at the bottom through a diversion mechanism. The hot gas is then evenly released to the bottom of the pile through the vent holes at the top of the heat dissipation pipes 4, realizing the downward circulation of hot gas. At the same time, the electric field acts on the upper and lower areas of the pile, effectively activating the metabolic activity of microorganisms in a low-temperature environment. This effectively solves the technical problems of severe heat loss at the bottom of the composting in winter, large temperature difference between the top and bottom, and insufficient fermentation at the bottom, and significantly improves the heat utilization rate.

[0021] A hanging ring 17 is provided at the top of the cover 14.

[0022] To ensure the smooth progress of aerobic composting, an air inlet valve is installed on the side wall of the cover 14, which can adjust the amount of oxygen entering as needed. At the same time, a temperature sensor is installed inside the material to be fermented to monitor the internal temperature of the material in real time, so as to adjust the amount of oxygen entering, the current, etc.

[0023] The material to be fermented includes a conditioning agent layer 9 and a fecal layer 10, which are arranged alternately from bottom to top.

[0024] Further optimizing the design, a waterproof layer 2 is laid circumferentially on the inner wall of fermentation pit 1, and a first insulation layer 3 is installed circumferentially on the inner side of the waterproof layer 2. A heat dissipation pipe 4 is installed above the first insulation layer 3 located at the bottom of fermentation pit 1. The heat dissipation pipe 4 is a PVC pipe.

[0025] A waterproof layer 2 is laid circumferentially on the inner wall of the fermentation pit 1, and a first insulation layer 3 is installed circumferentially on the inner side of the waterproof layer 2. The heat dissipation pipe 4 is installed above the bottom surface of the first insulation layer 3. During use, the waterproof layer 2 can prevent water in the soil from seeping into the fermentation pit 1, avoiding water accumulation at the bottom of the pile from affecting the electric field safety and composting environment; the first insulation layer 3 isolates the heat dissipation pipe 4 from the surrounding soil, reducing the heat loss of the heat in the heat dissipation pipe 4 to the side wall soil of the fermentation pit 1 during transmission, ensuring that more heat is released to the bottom of the pile through the vent at the top of the heat dissipation pipe 4, thus improving the effective utilization rate of heat.

[0026] To further optimize the scheme, multiple first air supply pipes 5 are provided on both sides of the fermentation pit 1. The ends of the multiple first air supply pipes 5 are correspondingly set and connected to the ends of the multiple heat dissipation pipes 4. The first air supply pipes 5 are set vertically, and the top of the first air supply pipes 5 extends out of the ground and is connected to the diversion mechanism.

[0027] Multiple vertical first air supply pipes 5 are installed on the opposite side walls of the fermentation pit 1. Each first air supply pipe 5 is connected to the end of each heat dissipation pipe 4. The top of the first air supply pipe 5 extends out of the ground and connects to the distribution mechanism. During use, the hot gas is distributed by the distribution mechanism and then flows vertically down through each first air supply pipe 5 into the corresponding heat dissipation pipe 4. The vertical arrangement of the first air supply pipes 5 ensures that the hot gas can be smoothly transported from the distribution mechanism above the ground to the heat dissipation pipe 4 at the bottom of the pit, reducing airflow resistance and ensuring the smooth flow of hot gas and the balance of air intake in each heat dissipation pipe 4.

[0028] To further optimize the design, a second insulation layer 15 is provided on the inner wall of the cover 14.

[0029] A second insulation layer 15 is provided on the inner wall of the cover 14. During use, the second insulation layer 15 can effectively reduce the heat loss of the high-temperature hot air accumulated inside the cover 14 to the cold outside environment through the cover 14, maintain the gas collection temperature inside the cover 14, and ensure that the gas drawn by the negative pressure machine 19 has a sufficiently high temperature, so that when the hot air is sent to the bottom heat dissipation pipe 4, it still retains enough heat to heat the bottom of the stack, thereby improving the heat recycling efficiency.

[0030] The scheme is further optimized. The diversion mechanism includes a diversion pipe 18 set at the top of the cover 14. The diversion pipe 18 is set along the length of the cover 14. At least one negative pressure machine 19 is connected to the bottom end of the diversion pipe 18. Multiple second air supply pipes 16 are connected to both sides of the diversion pipe 18. The diversion pipe 18 and the second air supply pipes 16 are both located inside the second insulation layer 15. The multiple second air supply pipes 16 are set and connected to the multiple first air supply pipes 5 one by one.

[0031] The diversion mechanism includes a diversion pipe 18 arranged along the length of the cover 14. The bottom end of the diversion pipe 18 is connected to at least one negative pressure unit 19. Multiple second gas delivery pipes 16 are connected to both sides of the diversion pipe 18. Both the diversion pipe 18 and the second gas delivery pipes 16 are located inside the second insulation layer 15. Each second gas delivery pipe 16 is connected to a corresponding first gas delivery pipe 5. During use, the negative pressure unit 19 draws the hot air accumulated at the top of the cover 14 into the diversion pipe 18, which then diverts it to both sides to the second gas delivery pipes 16, and then sends it to the corresponding first gas delivery pipe 5. The diversion pipe 18 is arranged along the length of the cover 14 to ensure uniform distribution of hot air along the length of the fermentation pit 1. The diversion pipe 18 and the second gas delivery pipes 16 are located inside the second insulation layer 15, reducing heat loss along the way during the diversion and transportation process and improving thermal energy utilization.

[0032] In a further optimized design, the bottom end of the second gas supply pipe 16 is threaded with a connector 21. The bottom end of the connector 21 extends out of the second gas supply pipe 16 and into the top end of the first gas supply pipe 5. A chamfer is provided at the outer edge of the bottom end of the connector 21, and the connector 21 is compatible with the first gas supply pipe 5.

[0033] The bottom end of the second gas supply pipe 16 is threaded with a connector 21. The bottom end of the connector 21 extends out of the second gas supply pipe 16 and into the top end of the first gas supply pipe 5. The outer edge of the bottom end of the connector 21 is chamfered and adapted to the first gas supply pipe 5. During use, when the cover 14 is placed over the top opening of the fermentation pit 1, the connector 21 automatically extends into the corresponding top end of the first gas supply pipe 5 to complete the gas connection. The threaded connection facilitates the installation, replacement and maintenance of the connector 21. The chamfered design of the outer edge of the bottom end serves as a guide, allowing the connector 21 to be smoothly inserted into the first gas supply pipe 5, reducing the alignment accuracy requirements during the installation of the cover 14 and avoiding gas connection problems caused by alignment deviations.

[0034] In a further optimized design, a support ring 13 is provided on the outer circumference of multiple second gas pipes 16. The support ring 13 is fixed to the cover 14 and close to the bottom of the cover 14. A third insulation layer 22 is provided on the inner edge of the support ring 13.

[0035] Multiple second gas supply pipes 16 are circumferentially supported by support rings 13. The support rings 13 are fixed to the cover 14 and close to the bottom of the cover 14. A third insulation layer 22 is circumferentially provided at the inner edge of the support rings 13. During use, the support rings 13 strengthen and stabilize the overall structure of the cover 14, preventing the cover 14 from deforming due to material shrinkage or external forces in cold environments, and ensuring the airtightness of the cover 14 covering the fermentation pit 1. The third insulation layer 22 forms an additional insulation barrier at the junction of the support rings 13 and the bottom of the cover 14, reducing heat loss in this connection area and ensuring the overall insulation effect of the gas collection hood.

[0036] To further optimize the design, a gravel layer 8 is laid above the heat dissipation pipe 4, and a conductive pad mesh 7 is placed above the gravel layer 8.

[0037] A gravel layer 8 is laid above the heat dissipation pipe 4, and a conductive pad 7 is placed above the gravel layer 8. During use, the gravel layer 8 forms a supportive and breathable transition layer between the heat dissipation pipe 4 and the conductive pad 7. The hot air released from the vent of the heat dissipation pipe 4 can diffuse evenly in the pores of the gravel layer 8 before penetrating the conductive pad 7 and entering the bottom of the pile. This avoids the problem of local overheating or airflow short circuit caused by the concentrated ejection of hot air from the vent, and allows the hot air to be more evenly distributed across the entire bottom cross-section of the pile, improving the uniformity of bottom heating. At the same time, the gravel layer 8 also acts as a water guide, facilitating the discharge of excess water from the pile.

[0038] To further optimize the design, an isolation wall 6 is provided circumferentially on the inner wall of the fermentation pit 1. The isolation wall 6 is located inside the multiple first gas supply pipes 5. The isolation wall 6 is fixedly connected to the fermentation pit 1 by multiple pins 20. The bottom end of the isolation wall 6 abuts against the top surface of the conductive pad mesh 7.

[0039] A partition wall 6 is circumferentially installed on the inner side wall of the fermentation pit 1. The partition wall 6 is located inside multiple first air supply pipes 5 and is fixedly connected to the fermentation pit 1 by multiple pins 20. The bottom end of the partition wall 6 abuts against the top surface of the conductive mat 7. During use, the partition wall 6 separates the material to be fermented from the first air supply pipes 5, preventing the material from squeezing or burying the first air supply pipes 5 during the stacking process, thus affecting the smooth flow of air. The pins 20 firmly fix the partition wall 6 to the side wall of the fermentation pit 1, ensuring its stability during use. The bottom end of the partition wall 6 abuts against the top surface of the conductive mat 7, effectively restraining the bottom edge of the material to be fermented and preventing the material from scattering from the edge of the conductive mat 7.

[0040] Further optimization of the scheme: the bottom of the fermentation pit 1 is connected to multiple drainage pipes 23, one end of which passes through the first insulation layer 3 and is located between two adjacent heat dissipation pipes 4.

[0041] A drainage pipe 23 is connected to the bottom of the fermentation pit 1. During use, excess water or condensate generated during composting can be collected at the bottom of the fermentation pit 1 under gravity and discharged out of the pit in a timely manner through the drainage pipe 23. This prevents water from accumulating at the bottom of the pit and affecting the unobstructed air outlet of the heat dissipation pipe 4. It also prevents the risk of anaerobic fermentation of the compost pile and short circuit of the conductive mat 7 caused by excessive water, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the composting device in a low-temperature environment.

[0042] When using the composting site, the first step is to prepare the site and excavate the fermentation pit 1. After selecting the composting site, the fermentation pit 1 is excavated from the soil. The cross-section of the fermentation pit 1 is rectangular, and its length is determined according to the total amount of material to be fermented. After the fermentation pit 1 is excavated, a waterproof layer 2 is laid circumferentially on its inner wall. The waterproof layer 2 is made of waterproof membrane or waterproof coating and is used to prevent moisture from the surrounding soil from seeping into the fermentation pit 1. A first insulation layer 3 is installed circumferentially on the inner side of the waterproof layer 2. The first insulation layer 3 is made of polyurethane insulation board or rock wool board and is attached to the inner surface of the waterproof layer 2 to thermally insulate the interior of the fermentation pit 1 from the surrounding frozen soil.

[0043] After the insulation and waterproofing of fermentation pit 1 are completed, multiple heat dissipation pipes 4 are laid at the bottom of fermentation pit 1. These heat dissipation pipes 4 are arranged parallel to each other along the length of fermentation pit 1 and spaced out sequentially. Each heat dissipation pipe 4 has multiple air outlets spaced out at its top along its length. The ends of each heat dissipation pipe 4 are connected to the bottom of a vertically installed first air supply pipe 5, which extends upwards along the side wall of fermentation pit 1 until it extends above the ground. A gravel layer 8 is then laid above the heat dissipation pipes 4, covering and burying all the heat dissipation pipes 4. After the gravel layer 8 is laid, a conductive mesh 7 is laid on top of it. The conductive mesh 7 is made of stainless steel and covers the entire bottom area of ​​fermentation pit 1, serving as the anode of the electric field.

[0044] After the conductive mat 7 is laid, an isolation wall 6 is set circumferentially on the inner side wall of the fermentation pit 1. The isolation wall 6 is located inside the multiple first gas supply pipes 5. The isolation wall 6 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fermentation pit 1 by multiple pins 20, so that the bottom end of the isolation wall 6 abuts against the top surface of the conductive mat 7.

[0045] After the isolation wall 6 is installed, the material to be fermented is piled up above the conductive mat 7. The material to be fermented consists of a conditioner layer 9 and a manure layer 10 stacked alternately from bottom to top. First, a conditioner layer 9 is laid on the top surface of the conductive mat 7. The conditioner is corn stalks or rice stalks, with a thickness of about 20-30cm. Then, a manure layer 10 is laid on top of the conditioner layer 9. The manure is fresh pig manure, chicken manure, or cow manure, with a thickness of about 20-30cm. The conditioner layer 9 and the manure layer 10 are stacked alternately upwards, with the manure layer 10 as the top layer. The total height of the pile is controlled at 2.5-3.0m. The cross-section of the pile is a trapezoidal stack that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top. During the stacking process, the C / N ratio of the material is adjusted to 25-30. Water is sprayed when each layer of material is laid to control the overall moisture content at 70%-80%.

[0046] After the fermentation material is piled up, the cover 14 is hoisted and placed over the top opening of the fermentation pit 1. The longitudinal section of the cover 14 gradually narrows from bottom to top, and the whole is truncated pyramidal or frustum-shaped, consisting of a steel frame covered with a transparent PVC film or insulation blanket. A second insulation layer 15 is pre-installed on the inner wall of the cover 14, and multiple second gas supply pipes 16 and diversion pipes 18 are located inside the second insulation layer 15. A support ring 13 is circumferentially provided on the outer side of multiple second gas supply pipes 16. The support ring 13 is fixed to the cover 14 and close to the bottom end of the cover 14. A third insulation layer 22 is circumferentially provided on the inner edge of the support ring 13. When the cover 14 is placed over the fermentation pit 1, the plug 21 fixed to the bottom end of each second gas supply pipe 16 automatically extends into the top end of the corresponding first gas supply pipe 5 under the guidance of the chamfer, completing the gas path connection between the diversion mechanism and the first gas supply pipe 5. The bottom outer edge of the connector 21 is chamfered, and the connector 21 is adapted to the first air supply pipe 5 to ensure the sealing of the connection. At this time, the bottom edge of the cover 14 fits against the periphery of the top opening of the fermentation pit 1, the support ring 13 is located on the inner side of the bottom of the cover 14, and the third insulation layer 22 forms an insulation seal at the junction of the cover 14 and the fermentation pit 1.

[0047] After the cover 14 is installed, multiple electrodes 11 are inserted vertically downwards into the material to be fermented. A gap is left between the bottom end of the electrode 11 and the conductive pad 7 to avoid short circuits. The electrode 11 serves as the cathode. The electrode 11 and the conductive pad 7 are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply via wires. The voltage is adjusted to 20-30V, the current to 0.5-1A, and the frequency to 50Hz. The electrodes 11 are arranged in an array with a spacing of 0.8-1.2m.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0049] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments, characterized in that, include: Fermentation pit (1), the fermentation pit (1) is opened in the soil, the bottom of the fermentation pit (1) is provided with multiple heat dissipation pipes (4), the multiple heat dissipation pipes (4) are arranged in sequence at intervals along the length direction of the fermentation pit (1), the top of the heat dissipation pipes (4) is provided with multiple air outlets, the multiple air outlets are arranged in sequence at intervals along the length direction of the heat dissipation pipes (4), a conductive pad mesh (7) is provided above the multiple heat dissipation pipes (4), and the material to be fermented is placed above the conductive pad mesh (7); The fermentation pit (1) is covered with a cover (14) at the top opening. The longitudinal section of the cover (14) is gradually narrowed from bottom to top. A negative pressure machine (19) is provided at the top of the cover (14). The air outlet of the negative pressure machine (19) is connected to multiple heat dissipation pipes (4) through a diversion mechanism. Multiple electrodes (11) are vertically arranged inside the cover (14). The electrodes (11) are inserted into the material to be fermented. There is a gap between the electrodes (11) and the conductive pad (7). The electrodes (11) and the conductive pad (7) are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, respectively.

2. The composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fermentation pit (1) is circumferentially covered with a waterproof layer (2), and the inner circumferential of the waterproof layer (2) is provided with a first heat insulation layer (3). The heat dissipation pipe (4) is located above the bottom of the first heat insulation layer (3) at the bottom of the fermentation pit (1).

3. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple first air supply pipes (5) are provided on the opposite side walls of the fermentation pit (1). The ends of the multiple first air supply pipes (5) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the ends of the multiple heat dissipation pipes (4) and are connected. The first air supply pipes (5) are arranged vertically, and the top of the first air supply pipes (5) extends out of the ground and is connected to the diversion mechanism.

4. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second insulation layer (15) is provided on the inner wall of the cover (14).

5. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diversion mechanism includes a diversion pipe (18) disposed at the top of the cover (14). The diversion pipe (18) is disposed along the length direction of the cover (14). The bottom end of the diversion pipe (18) is connected to at least one of the negative pressure machines (19). Multiple second air supply pipes (16) are respectively connected to both sides of the diversion pipe (18). The diversion pipe (18) and the second air supply pipes (16) are both located inside the second insulation layer (15). The multiple second air supply pipes (16) are disposed in correspondence with and connected to the multiple first air supply pipes (5).

6. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the second gas supply pipe (16) is threaded with a plug (21). The bottom end of the plug (21) extends out of the second gas supply pipe (16) and into the top end of the first gas supply pipe (5). The bottom outer edge of the plug (21) is chamfered. The plug (21) is adapted to the first gas supply pipe (5).

7. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 5, characterized in that: A support ring (13) is provided on the outer circumferential side of a plurality of second gas pipes (16). The support ring (13) is fixed to the cover (14) and close to the bottom end of the cover (14). A third heat insulation layer (22) is provided on the inner edge of the support ring (13).

8. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gravel layer (8) is laid above the heat dissipation pipe (4), and the conductive pad (7) is placed above the gravel layer (8).

9. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fermentation pit (1) has an isolation wall (6) arranged circumferentially on its inner sidewall. The isolation wall (6) is located inside the plurality of first gas supply pipes (5). The isolation wall (6) is fixedly connected to the fermentation pit (1) by a plurality of pins (20). The bottom end of the isolation wall (6) abuts against the top surface of the conductive pad mesh (7).

10. A composting device suitable for low-temperature environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the fermentation pit (1) is connected to multiple drainage pipes (23), one end of which extends out of the first insulation layer (3) and is located between two adjacent heat dissipation pipes (4).

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