An airborne direct current-fluid-machine-heat bidirectional conversion device and conversion method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of aviation electromechanical technology, and relates to an airborne DC-electricity-hydraulic-mechanical-heat bidirectional conversion device and a conversion method. The device comprises a resonance tube, a hot-end heat exchanger, a cold-end heat exchanger and a plate stack arranged inside the resonance tube, a piston and a plate spring arranged in the resonance tube along the axial direction, a permanent magnet arranged on the piston, a coil arranged around the permanent magnet, the piston cooperating with the plate spring to perform axial limited reciprocating motion in the resonance tube and drive the permanent magnet to move axially, cut the magnetic induction lines and generate an induced electromotive force in the coil, the coil being connected with a winding, and providing DC electric energy for an airborne electric energy user, the winding being arranged on a rotating shaft, a stator being arranged outside the winding, the rotating shaft being connected with the rotating shaft through a gear box and providing mechanical energy for an airborne mechanical energy user, the rotating shaft being connected with an inclined disc type axial piston pump to drive the inclined disc type axial piston pump to provide hydraulic energy for an airborne hydraulic energy user. The present application can realize bidirectional conversion among mechanical energy, electric energy, hydraulic energy and heat energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation electromechanical technology and relates to an airborne DC-to-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion device and conversion method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing aircraft electromechanical systems plan, monitor, and manage various secondary energy sources, including onboard hydraulic, electrical, thermal, and mechanical energy, to optimize energy distribution and utilization, ensuring the smooth operation of various functions such as taxiing, takeoff, landing, flight control, and routine maintenance. During aircraft operation, the demands for mechanical, hydraulic, electrical, and thermal power vary over time depending on different flight conditions. However, existing electromechanical power systems, hydraulic systems, thermal management systems, and electrical systems are all designed separately, employing independent energy systems. The energy flow of each subsystem is independent, resulting in the inability for subsystems to replenish each other's energy. Consequently, recyclable energy in the power, electrical, thermal, and hydraulic systems is directly wasted.

[0003] The propulsion system provides mechanical energy, powering the aircraft and driving accessory gearboxes to power various secondary energy devices. However, its design, based on peak load mechanical energy requirements, results in a large size and weight. The hydraulic system provides hydraulic power, offering high responsiveness and controlling key components such as control surfaces, large landing gear, and doors. However, its design, based on peak hydraulic load hydraulic energy requirements, also leads to a large size and weight. For most of the flight, hydraulic power demand is far below this design peak, resulting in low system efficiency. The thermal management system regulates cabin temperature and humidity to meet the needs of the crew, passengers, and onboard cooling equipment. However, its design, based on peak heat load cooling requirements, results in a large size and weight. For most of the flight, cooling power demand is far below this design peak, leading to low system efficiency. The electrical system provides power to all aircraft electrical equipment, ensuring the normal operation of information electronics, power electronics, and electrical devices. However, the power system was designed based on the peak power demand of the electrical load, resulting in a large size and weight of the power system. But for most of the flight, the power demand is far lower than the design peak, and the power system is inefficient.

[0004] An electro-hydraulic-thermal complementary architecture based on fuel, ram air, and compressed working fluid can achieve the mutual conversion and utilization of electrical energy, hydraulic energy, and thermal energy. However, to achieve the mutual conversion between electrical energy and hydraulic energy, additional devices such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors, and generators are required, increasing the size and weight of the electrical and hydraulic systems; to achieve the mutual conversion between electrical energy and thermal energy, additional thermoelectric generators and electric refrigeration devices are required, increasing the size and weight of the electrical and thermal management systems; and to achieve the mutual conversion between thermal energy and hydraulic energy, additional thermoelectric liquid supply devices and hydraulic refrigeration devices are required, increasing the size and weight of the thermal and hydraulic management systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose an airborne DC electro-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion device and method, which realizes bidirectional conversion between mechanical energy, electrical energy, hydraulic energy and thermal energy without increasing the complexity of the power system, electrical system, hydraulic system and thermal management system, and solves the problems of large size and weight and low working efficiency of the power system, hydraulic system, electrical system and thermal management system caused by the existing discrete design.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention: An airborne DC-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Thermal bidirectional conversion device includes a resonant tube. Inside the resonant tube are a hot-end heat exchanger, a cold-end heat exchanger, and a plate stack located between the hot-end and cold-end heat exchangers. A piston and a leaf spring are axially arranged inside the resonant tube. A permanent magnet is mounted on the piston, and a first coil is arranged around the permanent magnet. The piston, in conjunction with the leaf spring, can perform axially limited reciprocating motion within the resonant tube, driving the permanent magnet to move axially. After cutting magnetic field lines, an induced electromotive force is generated in the first coil. The two ends of the first coil are connected to a winding to provide DC power to airborne electrical users. The winding is mounted on a first rotating shaft, and a stator is located outside the winding. The first rotating shaft is connected to a second rotating shaft via a gearbox to provide mechanical energy to airborne mechanical users. The second rotating shaft is connected to a swashplate axial piston pump to provide hydraulic energy to airborne hydraulic users.

[0007] Furthermore, the device also includes a first contactor, a second contactor, and a third contactor. The two ends of the first coil are connected to the winding through the second contactor, and the two ends of the first coil provide DC power to the airborne power user through the third contactor. The gearbox is equipped with a first clutch, a second clutch, and a third clutch that can be connected or disconnected in pairs according to different operating conditions. The first clutch is connected to the first rotating shaft, the second clutch is connected to the second rotating shaft, and the third clutch is connected to the third rotating shaft.

[0008] Furthermore, the winding includes brushes, a commutator, and a second coil. The second coil is sleeved on the first rotating shaft and disposed in the stator cavity. The second coil can rotate synchronously with the first rotating shaft. The commutator is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft and can rotate synchronously with the first rotating shaft. The commutator is electrically connected to the second coil. The brushes are mounted on the stator frame, and the lower end of the brushes is elastically pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the commutator to maintain sliding contact.

[0009] Furthermore, the swashplate axial piston pump includes a cylinder body, a second rotating shaft connected to the cylinder body, and several circumferentially distributed sealed working chambers within the cylinder body. A piston is installed within each sealed working chamber, with its front end connected to the second rotating shaft. A swashplate is installed within the cylinder body, and the second rotating shaft drives the cylinder body and piston to rotate synchronously. The front end face of the piston is always in contact with the end face of the swashplate. When the second rotating shaft rotates, the piston extends outward from the cylinder body in a cycle from bottom to top along the swashplate, continuously increasing the volume within the sealed working chamber of the cylinder body. Hydraulic oil is drawn in through the distribution port on the distribution plate at the end of the cylinder body. Conversely, the piston pushes inward into the cylinder body in a cycle from top to bottom, continuously decreasing the volume within the sealed working chamber of the cylinder body. Hydraulic oil is discharged outward through the distribution port on the distribution plate. The distribution plate provides hydraulic energy to the onboard hydraulic energy user through valves.

[0010] An airborne DC-to-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion method, executed using the aforementioned conversion device, includes four bidirectional conversion operating conditions: 1) Thermal Energy Operation: Utilizes the temperature difference between the airborne heat source and the heat sink to generate acoustic energy, which drives power generation, outputs electrical energy, and simultaneously converts it into mechanical energy and hydraulic energy; or outputs electrical energy and converts it into mechanical energy; or outputs electrical energy and converts it into hydraulic energy; or outputs electrical energy alone. 2) Hydraulic Energy Operation: When the pressure difference between the high-pressure hydraulic oil and the low-pressure hydraulic oil in the airborne hydraulic system exceeds the critical value, the hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and cooling capacity; or the hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity; or the hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and mechanical energy; or the hydraulic energy is converted into electrical energy in a single conversion; or the hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy in a single conversion. 3) Mechanical energy operating condition: When the mechanical energy of the airborne power system exceeds the critical value, the mechanical energy is recovered and converted into hydraulic energy, electrical energy, and cooling capacity at the same time; or the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity at the same time; or the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and hydraulic energy at the same time; or the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy alone; or the surplus mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy alone.

[0011] 4) Electrical Energy Operation: When the DC power of the airborne power system exceeds the critical value, the airborne DC power is recovered and simultaneously converted into cooling capacity, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy; or simultaneously converted into mechanical energy and hydraulic energy; or simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and hydraulic energy; or simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and mechanical energy; or converted into cooling capacity alone; or converted into hydraulic energy alone; or converted into mechanical energy alone.

[0012] Furthermore, by controlling the opening / closing of the first, second, and third contactors, and the engagement / disengagement of the first, second, and third clutches in the gearbox, multiple operating modes can be configured, including: single output of electrical energy, single output of mechanical energy, single output of hydraulic energy, single output of cooling capacity, and simultaneous output of any two or three types of energy.

[0013] Furthermore, in thermal operation, when the first contactor, the second contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are engaged, and when the first clutch and the third clutch are engaged, the onboard thermal energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy. When the first contactor, the second contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are engaged. When the first clutch and the third clutch are disengaged, the airborne thermal energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and hydraulic energy. When the first contactor, the second contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are disengaged, and the first clutch and the third clutch are engaged, the airborne thermal energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and mechanical energy. When the first and second contactors are closed and the third contactor is open, the airborne thermal energy is converted into electrical energy independently.

[0014] Furthermore, in hydraulic operation, when the second and third clutches are engaged, the second and first clutches are engaged, and the first, second, and third contactors are all closed, the onboard hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and cooling capacity. When the second and third clutches are disengaged, the second clutches are engaged with the first clutch, and the first, second, and third contactors are all closed, the onboard hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity. When the second and third clutches are engaged, the second and first clutches are engaged, the second and third contactors are closed, and the first contactor is open, the onboard hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and mechanical energy. When the second and third clutches are disengaged, the second clutches are engaged with the first clutch, the second and third contactors are closed, and the first contactor is disengaged, the onboard hydraulic energy is converted into electrical energy independently. When the second and third clutches are engaged, the second and first clutches are disengaged, and the onboard hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy independently.

[0015] Furthermore, in mechanical energy operation, when the third clutch and the first clutch are engaged, the third clutch and the second clutch are engaged, and the first contactor, the second contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the onboard mechanical energy is simultaneously converted into hydraulic energy, electrical energy, and cooling capacity. When the third clutch is engaged with the first clutch, the third clutch and the second clutch are disengaged, and the first contactor, the second contactor and the third contactor are all closed, the onboard mechanical energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity. When the third clutch and the first clutch are engaged, the third clutch and the second clutch are closed, the second contactor and the third contactor are closed, and the first contactor is open, the onboard mechanical energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and hydraulic energy. When the third clutch and the first clutch are engaged, the third clutch and the second clutch are disengaged, the second contactor and the third contactor are closed, and the first contactor is open, the onboard mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy independently. When the third clutch is disengaged from the first clutch and the third clutch is engaged with the second clutch, the onboard mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy independently.

[0016] Furthermore, in the electric power mode, when the second contactor, the first contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are engaged, and when the first clutch and the third clutch are engaged, the onboard electrical energy is simultaneously converted into cooling capacity, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy. When the second and third contactors are closed and the first contactor is open, the first and second clutches are engaged. When the first and third clutches are engaged, the onboard electrical energy is simultaneously converted into mechanical energy and hydraulic energy. When the second contactor, the first contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are engaged. When the first clutch and the third clutch are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy is simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and hydraulic energy. When the second contactor, the first contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are disengaged, and the first clutch and the third clutch are engaged, the onboard electrical energy is simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and mechanical energy. When the second contactor, the first contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are disengaged. When the first clutch and the third clutch are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy is converted into cooling capacity independently. When the second and third contactors are closed and the first contactor is open, the first and second clutches are engaged. When the first and third clutches are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy is converted into hydraulic energy independently. When the second and third contactors are closed, the first contactor is open, the first and second clutches are disengaged, and the first and third clutches are engaged, the onboard electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy independently.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention simultaneously realizes bidirectional conversion between mechanical energy, electrical energy, hydraulic energy and thermal energy, solving the problems of large size, weight and low working efficiency of the power system, hydraulic system, electric system and thermal management system caused by the existing discrete design.

[0018] 2. This invention achieves bidirectional conversion between mechanical energy, electrical energy, hydraulic energy, and thermal energy by determining whether the temperature difference ΔT between the heat source temperature T1 and the heat sink temperature T2 of the airborne thermal management system exceeds a critical value; whether the pressure difference ΔP between the high-pressure hydraulic oil pressure P1 and the low-pressure hydraulic oil pressure P2 of the airborne hydraulic system exceeds a critical value; whether the mechanical energy of the airborne power system exceeds a critical value; and whether the electrical energy of the airborne power system exceeds a critical value. This invention can flexibly meet different mechanical energy, electrical energy, hydraulic energy, and cooling capacity requirements, thus expanding its application scope.

[0019] 3. By closing and opening the first, second, and third contactors, connecting and disconnecting the first and second clutches, and connecting and disconnecting the first and third clutches, the present invention can flexibly adjust the specific supplementary values ​​of mechanical energy, electrical energy, hydraulic energy, and cooling capacity of the airborne electro-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion device, thereby improving the autonomous adaptive control capability and helping to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the aircraft. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following description of the embodiments further illustrates the specific implementation of the present invention in detail, so as to help those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the concept and technical solution of the present invention: One embodiment of the present invention provides an airborne DC-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Thermal bidirectional conversion device, including a hot-end heat exchanger 1, a cold-end heat exchanger 2, a plate stack 3, a resonant tube 4, a piston 5, a leaf spring 6, a permanent magnet 7, a coil 8, a first contactor 9, a second contactor 10, a third contactor 11, a winding 15, a brush 12, a commutator 13, a stator 16, a first rotating shaft 17, a second rotating shaft 18, a third rotating shaft 19, a gearbox 23, a first clutch 20, a second clutch 21, a third clutch 22, a plunger 24, a cylinder 25, a swashplate 26, a distribution plate 28, a valve 29, etc.

[0022] The resonant tube 4 is equipped with a hot-end heat exchanger 1, a cold-end heat exchanger 2, and a plate stack 3. The plate stack is located between the hot-end heat exchanger 1 and the cold-end heat exchanger 2. A piston 5 and a leaf spring 6 are arranged axially inside the resonant tube. A permanent magnet 7 is arranged on the piston. A first coil 8 is arranged around the outside of the permanent magnet. The piston and the leaf spring can perform axially limited reciprocating motion inside the resonant tube and drive the permanent magnet to move axially. After cutting the magnetic field lines, an induced electromotive force is generated in the first coil 8. The two ends of the first coil 8 are connected to the winding 15 through the second contactor 10. The two ends of the first coil 8 provide DC power to the airborne electrical power user through the third contactor 11. The winding 15 is arranged on the first rotating shaft 17. The stator 16 is arranged outside the winding 15. The first rotating shaft 17 is connected to the second rotating shaft 18 through the gearbox and provides mechanical power to the airborne mechanical power user. The second rotating shaft 18 is connected to the swashplate axial piston pump and drives the swashplate axial piston pump to provide hydraulic power to the airborne hydraulic power user.

[0023] The gearbox is equipped with a first clutch 20, a second clutch 21, and a third clutch 22 that can be connected or disconnected in pairs according to different working conditions. The first clutch 20 is connected to the first rotating shaft 17, the second clutch 21 is connected to the second rotating shaft 18, and the third clutch 22 is connected to the third rotating shaft 19.

[0024] In this embodiment, the winding 15 includes a brush 12, a commutator 13, and a second coil 14. The second coil 14 is sleeved on the first rotating shaft 17 and disposed in the inner cavity of the stator 16. The second coil 14 can rotate synchronously with the first rotating shaft 17. The commutator 13 is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft 17 and can rotate synchronously with the first rotating shaft 17. The commutator 13 is electrically connected to the second coil 14. The brush 12 is mounted on the stator frame. The lower end of the brush 12 is elastically pressed against the outer circular surface of the commutator 13 to maintain sliding contact.

[0025] In this embodiment, the swashplate axial piston pump includes a cylinder body 25, a second rotating shaft 18 connected to the cylinder body 25, and a plurality of sealed working chambers 27 evenly distributed circumferentially within the cylinder body. A piston is installed in each sealed working chamber 27, and the front end of the piston is connected to the second rotating shaft 18. A swashplate 26 is installed within the cylinder body. The second rotating shaft 18 can drive the cylinder body and piston 24 to rotate synchronously. The front end face of the piston 24 is always in contact with the end face of the swashplate. When the second rotating shaft 18 rotates, the piston 24 extends outward from the cylinder body 25 in a cycle from bottom to top along the swashplate 26, causing the volume within the sealed working chamber 27 of the cylinder body 25 to continuously increase. Hydraulic oil is drawn in through the oil distribution port on the distribution plate 28 at the end of the cylinder body 25. The piston 24 pushes inward into the cylinder body 25 in a cycle from top to bottom, causing the volume within the sealed working chamber 27 of the cylinder body 25 to continuously decrease. Hydraulic oil is discharged outward through the oil distribution port on the distribution plate 28. The distribution plate provides hydraulic energy to the onboard hydraulic energy user through the valve 29.

[0026] The second embodiment of the present invention provides an airborne DC-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Thermal bidirectional conversion method, which is performed using the device in Embodiment 1 and includes four operating conditions: Operating condition 1: thermal energy operating condition; Operating condition 2: hydraulic energy operating condition; Operating condition 3: mechanical energy operating condition; Operating condition 4: electrical energy operating condition.

[0027] The four operating conditions can be configured by controlling the opening / closing of the first, second, and third contactors, as well as the engagement / disengagement of the first, second, and third clutches in the gearbox, to produce: single output of electrical energy, single output of mechanical energy, single output of hydraulic energy, single output of cooling capacity, and multiple operating modes of simultaneous output of any two or three types of energy.

[0028] Operating Condition 1: When the temperature difference ΔT between the heat source temperature T1 and the heat sink temperature T2 of the airborne thermal management system exceeds the critical value, thermal energy can be recovered and utilized to provide electrical energy, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy.

[0029] The airborne heat source flows through the hot-end heat exchanger 1, and the heat sink flows through the cold-end heat exchanger 2. When the temperature difference ΔT between the hot-end heat exchanger temperature T1 and the cold-end heat exchanger temperature T2 exceeds a critical value, the gas micro-particles at the plate stack 3 are compressed and absorb heat on the high-temperature side, increasing their pressure and temperature, while expanding and releasing heat on the low-temperature side, decreasing their pressure and temperature. Under the synergistic effect of all the gas micro-particles, thermal energy is converted into reciprocating oscillations of the gas, generating sound energy. The acoustic capacitance and acoustic sensing are adjusted by the resonant tube 4, and bypassing is achieved at a suitable position. The oscillating wave pushes the piston 5 axially. The piston 5, constrained by the leaf spring 6, can only reciprocate axially. The permanent magnet 7 is directly connected to the central part of the piston 5 and the leaf spring 6, and also reciprocates axially, cutting magnetic field lines and generating an induced electromotive force in the coil 8, producing electrical energy. The coil 8, winding 15, and airborne power user are connected in parallel via contactors 9, 10, and 11. Closing contactor 11 provides DC power to the airborne power user.

[0030] When contactor 10 is closed, the current generated by coil 8 flows into winding 15, which includes brushes 12, commutator 13, and coil 14. The current in winding 15 is within the main magnetic field generated by stator 16, and the winding conductors experience an electromagnetic force perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the current. The electromagnetic force on multiple conductors of winding 15 generates an electromagnetic torque, driving shaft 17 to rotate. When shaft 17 rotates, brushes 12 contact commutator 13, changing the direction of the current in winding 15 and ensuring that the direction of the force on winding 15 remains unchanged, thus maintaining rotation. Shafts 17, 18, and 19 are connected via gearbox 23, which includes clutches 20, 21, and 22. Shaft 17 is connected to clutch 20. Shaft 18 is connected to clutch 21. Shaft 19 is connected to clutch 22. Connecting clutches 20 and 22 causes shaft 19 to rotate under the influence of shaft 17, providing mechanical energy to onboard mechanical energy users.

[0031] Clutches 20 and 21 are connected, and shaft 18 rotates under the drive of shaft 17. Shaft 18 is directly connected to plunger 24 and cylinder 25. When shaft 18 rotates, plunger 24 extends outward from cylinder 25 in an upward cycle along swashplate 26, continuously increasing the volume of the sealed working chamber 27 of cylinder 25, and hydraulic oil is drawn in through the distribution port on distribution plate 28. In a downward cycle, plunger 24 pushes inward from cylinder 25, continuously decreasing the volume of the sealed working chamber 27 of cylinder 25, and hydraulic oil is discharged outward through the distribution port on distribution plate 28. Hydraulic energy is generated by the axial reciprocating motion of plunger 24 in cylinder 25, causing changes in the volume of the sealed working chamber 27. The onboard hydraulic energy user is connected to distribution plate 28 through a pair of valves 29. Opening valves 29 provides hydraulic energy to the onboard hydraulic energy user.

[0032] Airborne thermal energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy through the device of this invention. The conversion logic is as follows: When contactors 9, 10, and 11 are all closed, and clutches 20 and 21 are connected, and clutches 20 and 22 are connected, the airborne thermal energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy through the device of this invention.

[0033] When contactors 9, 10, and 11 are all closed, clutches 20 and 21 are engaged, and clutches 20 and 22 are disengaged, the onboard thermal energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy and hydraulic energy through the device of this invention, without providing mechanical energy.

[0034] When contactors 9, 10, and 11 are all closed, clutches 20 and 21 are disengaged, and clutches 20 and 22 are engaged, the onboard thermal energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy and mechanical energy through the device of this invention, without providing hydraulic energy.

[0035] When contactors 9 and 10 are closed and contactor 11 is open, the airborne thermal energy can be converted into electrical energy through the device of the present invention, without providing mechanical or hydraulic energy.

[0036] Operating Condition 2: When the pressure difference ΔP between the high-pressure hydraulic oil pressure P1 and the low-pressure hydraulic oil pressure P2 of the airborne hydraulic system exceeds the critical value, hydraulic energy can be recovered and utilized to provide cooling, mechanical energy and electrical energy.

[0037] When valve 29 is opened, high-pressure hydraulic oil enters cylinder 25 through distributor plate 28. Under the action of the high-pressure oil, plunger 24 extends outwards, closely adhering to swashplate 26, generating a normal reaction force on plunger 24. This force causes plunger 24 to generate torque on cylinder 25, driving shaft 18 to rotate. By connecting clutches 20 and 22, shaft 19 rotates under the drive of shaft 18, providing mechanical energy to onboard mechanical energy users.

[0038] Clutches 20 and 21 are connected, and shaft 17 rotates under the drive of shaft 18. Shaft 17 drives winding 15 to rotate, and coil 14 in winding 15 is in the main magnetic field generated by stator 16, cutting magnetic field lines. Induced electromotive force is generated in winding 15, generating electrical energy. Closing contactors 11 and 10 can provide DC power to airborne power users.

[0039] Contactors 11 and 9 are closed. The current generated by winding 13 flows through the wire to coil 8. The current in coil 8 is in the main magnetic field generated by permanent magnet 7. The permanent magnet is subjected to electromagnetic force and, under the constraint of leaf spring 6, produces axial reciprocating motion, which drives piston 5 to reciprocate axially, generating oscillating waves and producing sound energy. The acoustic capacitance and acoustic sensing are adjusted by resonant tube 4. The sound waves drive gas microparticles to flow in plate stack 3. When the gas microparticles move towards the high-temperature side, they are compressed, their temperature rises, and they release heat to the regenerator. When the gas microparticles move towards the low-temperature side, they expand, their temperature drops, and they absorb heat from the regenerator. Through the continuous action of the sound waves, all gas microparticles undergo heat transfer in the regenerator. The heat is transferred from cold-end heat exchanger 2 to hot-end heat exchanger 1, which can provide cooling capacity for the airborne thermal management system.

[0040] Therefore, airborne hydraulic energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and cooling capacity through the device of this invention. The conversion logic is as follows: When clutches 21 and 22 are connected, clutches 21 and 20 are connected, and contactors 9, 10, and 11 are all closed, the onboard hydraulic energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and cooling capacity through the device of this invention.

[0041] When clutches 21 and 22 are disengaged, clutches 21 and 20 are engaged, and contactors 9, 10, and 11 are all closed, the onboard hydraulic energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity through the device of this invention, without providing mechanical energy.

[0042] When clutches 21 and 22 are engaged, clutches 21 and 20 are engaged, contactors 10 and 11 are closed, and contactor 9 is open, the onboard hydraulic energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy and mechanical energy through the device of this invention, without providing cooling capacity.

[0043] When clutches 21 and 22 are disengaged, clutches 21 and 20 are engaged, contactors 10 and 11 are closed, and contactor 9 is disengaged, the onboard hydraulic energy can be converted into electrical energy independently through the device of this invention, without providing cooling capacity or mechanical energy.

[0044] When clutches 21 and 22 are engaged, and clutches 21 and 20 are disengaged, the onboard hydraulic energy can be converted into mechanical energy independently through the device of the present invention, without providing electrical energy or cooling capacity.

[0045] Operating Condition 3: When the mechanical energy of the airborne power system exceeds a critical value, the mechanical energy can be recovered and reused to provide cooling, electrical energy, and hydraulic energy.

[0046] When the mechanical energy of the airborne power system exceeds a critical value, shaft 19 rotates continuously. Clutches 22 and 21 are connected, and shaft 18 rotates under the drive of shaft 19. Shaft 18 is directly connected to plunger 24 and cylinder 25. As shaft 18 rotates, plunger 24 extends outward from cylinder 25 in an upward cycle along swashplate 26, continuously increasing the volume within the sealed working chamber 27 of cylinder 25, drawing hydraulic oil in through the distribution port on distribution plate 28. In a downward cycle, plunger 24 pushes inward into cylinder 25, continuously decreasing the volume within the sealed working chamber 27, discharging hydraulic oil outward through the distribution port on distribution plate 28. Hydraulic energy is generated by the axial reciprocating motion of plunger 24 within cylinder 25, causing changes in the volume of the sealed working chamber 27. The airborne hydraulic energy user is connected to distribution plate 28 via a pair of valves 29. Opening valves 29 provides hydraulic energy to the airborne hydraulic energy user.

[0047] Clutches 22 and 20 are connected, and shaft 17 rotates under the drive of shaft 19. Shaft 17 drives winding 15 to rotate, and coil 14 in winding 15 is in the main magnetic field generated by stator 16, cutting magnetic field lines. Induced electromotive force is generated in winding 15, generating electrical energy. Closing contactors 11 and 10 can provide DC power to airborne power users.

[0048] Contactors 11 and 9 are closed. The current generated by winding 13 flows through the wire to coil 8. The current in coil 8 is in the main magnetic field generated by permanent magnet 7. The permanent magnet is subjected to electromagnetic force and, under the constraint of leaf spring 6, produces axial reciprocating motion, which drives piston 5 to reciprocate axially, generating oscillating waves and producing sound energy. The acoustic capacitance and acoustic sensing are adjusted by resonant tube 4. The sound waves drive gas microparticles to flow in plate stack 3. When the gas microparticles move towards the high-temperature side, they are compressed, their temperature rises, and they release heat to the regenerator. When the gas microparticles move towards the low-temperature side, they expand, their temperature drops, and they absorb heat from the regenerator. Through the continuous action of the sound waves, all gas microparticles undergo heat transfer in the regenerator. The heat is transferred from cold-end heat exchanger 2 to hot-end heat exchanger 1, which can provide cooling capacity for the airborne thermal management system. Therefore, airborne mechanical energy can be simultaneously converted into hydraulic energy, electrical energy, and cooling capacity through the device of this invention. The conversion logic is as follows: When clutches 22 and 20 are connected, clutches 22 and 21 are connected, and contactors 9, 10, and 11 are all closed, the onboard mechanical energy can be simultaneously converted into hydraulic energy, electrical energy, and cooling capacity through the device of this invention.

[0049] When clutches 22 and 20 are engaged, clutches 22 and 21 are disengaged, and contactors 9, 10, and 11 are all closed, the onboard mechanical energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity through the device of this invention, without providing hydraulic energy.

[0050] When clutches 22 and 20 are engaged, clutches 22 and 21 are closed, contactors 10 and 11 are closed, and contactor 9 is disengaged, the onboard mechanical energy can be simultaneously converted into electrical energy and hydraulic energy through the device of this invention, without providing cooling capacity.

[0051] When clutches 22 and 20 are engaged, clutches 22 and 21 are disengaged, contactors 10 and 11 are closed, and contactor 9 is open, the onboard mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy independently through the device of this invention, without providing hydraulic energy or cooling capacity.

[0052] When clutches 22 and 20 are disengaged and clutches 22 and 21 are engaged, the onboard mechanical energy can be converted into hydraulic energy independently through the device of the present invention, without providing electrical energy or cooling capacity.

[0053] Operating Condition 4: When the DC power of the airborne power system exceeds a critical value, the electrical energy can be recovered and reused to provide cooling, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy.

[0054] When the DC power of the airborne electrical system exceeds a critical value, contactors 10 and 9 are closed. The current in the airborne electrical system flows through the conductor to coil 8. The current in coil 8 is in the main magnetic field generated by permanent magnet 7. The permanent magnet is subjected to electromagnetic force and, under the constraint of leaf spring 6, produces axial reciprocating motion, which drives piston 5 to reciprocate axially, generating oscillating waves and producing sound energy. By adjusting the acoustic capacitance and acoustic sensing through resonant tube 4, the sound waves drive gas microparticles to flow in the plate stack 3. When the gas microparticles move towards the high-temperature side, they are compressed, their temperature rises, and they release heat to the regenerator. When the gas microparticles move towards the low-temperature side, they expand, their temperature drops, and they absorb heat from the regenerator. Through the continuous action of the sound waves, all gas microparticles undergo heat transfer in the regenerator, and the heat is transferred from cold-end heat exchanger 2 to hot-end heat exchanger 1, which can provide cooling capacity for the airborne thermal management system.

[0055] When contactors 10 and 11 are closed, current from the airborne power system flows into winding 15, which includes brushes 12, a commutator 13, and coils 14. The current in winding 15 is within the main magnetic field generated by the stator 16, and the winding conductors experience an electromagnetic force perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the current. The electromagnetic force on multiple conductors of winding 15 generates an electromagnetic torque, driving shaft 17 to rotate. As shaft 17 rotates, brushes 12 contact commutator 13, changing the direction of the current in winding 15 and ensuring that the direction of the force on winding 15 remains unchanged, thus maintaining rotation. Shafts 17, 18, and 19 are connected via gearbox 23, which includes clutches 20, 21, and 22. Shaft 17 is connected to clutch 20. Shaft 18 is connected to clutch 21. Shaft 19 is connected to clutch 22. Connecting clutches 20 and 22 causes shaft 19 to rotate under the influence of shaft 17, providing mechanical energy to airborne mechanical energy users.

[0056] Clutches 20 and 21 are connected, and shaft 18 rotates under the drive of shaft 17. Shaft 18 is directly connected to plunger 24 and cylinder 25. When shaft 18 rotates, plunger 24 extends outward from cylinder 25 in an upward cycle along swashplate 26, continuously increasing the volume of the sealed working chamber 27 of cylinder 25, and hydraulic oil is drawn in through the distribution port on distribution plate 28. In a downward cycle, plunger 24 pushes inward from cylinder 25, continuously decreasing the volume of the sealed working chamber 27 of cylinder 25, and hydraulic oil is discharged outward through the distribution port on distribution plate 28. Hydraulic energy is generated by the axial reciprocating motion of plunger 24 in cylinder 25, causing changes in the volume of the sealed working chamber 27. The onboard hydraulic energy user is connected to distribution plate 28 through a pair of valves 29. Opening valves 29 provides hydraulic energy to the onboard hydraulic energy user.

[0057] Therefore, airborne electrical energy can be simultaneously converted into cooling capacity, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy through the device of this invention. The conversion logic is as follows: When contactors 10, 9, and 11 are all closed, and clutches 20 and 21 are connected, and clutches 20 and 22 are connected, the onboard electrical energy can be simultaneously converted into cooling capacity, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy through the device of this invention.

[0058] When contactors 10 and 11 are closed, contactor 9 is open, clutches 20 and 21 are connected, and clutches 20 and 22 are connected, the onboard electrical energy can be simultaneously converted into mechanical energy and hydraulic energy through the device of this invention, without providing cooling capacity.

[0059] When contactors 10, 9, and 11 are all closed, clutches 20 and 21 are engaged, and clutches 20 and 22 are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy can be simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and hydraulic energy through the device of this invention, without providing mechanical energy.

[0060] When contactors 10, 9, and 11 are all closed, clutches 20 and 21 are disengaged, and clutches 20 and 22 are engaged, the onboard electrical energy can be simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and mechanical energy through the device of this invention, without providing hydraulic energy.

[0061] When contactors 10, 9, and 11 are all closed, and clutches 20 and 21 are disengaged, and clutches 20 and 22 are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy can be converted into cooling capacity separately through the device of this invention, without providing hydraulic or mechanical energy.

[0062] When contactors 10 and 11 are closed, contactor 9 is open, clutches 20 and 21 are connected, and clutches 20 and 22 are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy can be converted into hydraulic energy independently through the device of this invention, without providing cooling or mechanical energy.

[0063] When contactors 10 and 11 are closed, contactor 9 is open, clutches 20 and 21 are disengaged, and clutches 20 and 22 are engaged, the onboard electrical energy can be converted into mechanical energy independently through the device of this invention, without providing cooling or hydraulic energy.

[0064] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples of the present invention, intended to help understand the technical solution and core ideas of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made based on the concept of the present invention without departing from its principles should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and the specific scope of protection is determined by the claims.

Claims

1. An airborne DC-to-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion device, characterized in that, The system includes a resonant tube, inside which are installed a hot-end heat exchanger, a cold-end heat exchanger, and a plate stack. The plate stack is located between the hot-end and cold-end heat exchangers. Inside the resonant tube, a piston and a leaf spring are installed axially. A permanent magnet is installed on the piston, and a first coil is arranged around the outside of the permanent magnet. The piston, in conjunction with the leaf spring, can perform axially limited reciprocating motion within the resonant tube, driving the permanent magnet to move axially. After cutting the magnetic field lines, an induced electromotive force is generated in the first coil. The two ends of the first coil are connected to the winding and provide DC power to the airborne electrical power user. The winding is set on a first rotating shaft, and the stator is set outside the winding. The first rotating shaft is connected to a second rotating shaft through a gearbox and provides mechanical power to the airborne mechanical power user. The second rotating shaft is connected to a swashplate axial piston pump, which provides hydraulic power to the airborne hydraulic power user.

2. The airborne DC-to-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a first contactor, a second contactor and a third contactor. The two ends of the first coil are connected to the winding through the second contactor, and the two ends of the first coil provide DC power to the airborne power user through the third contactor. The gearbox is equipped with a first clutch, a second clutch, and a third clutch that can be connected or disconnected in pairs according to different operating conditions. The first clutch is connected to the first rotating shaft, the second clutch is connected to the second rotating shaft, and the third clutch is connected to the third rotating shaft.

3. The airborne DC-to-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The winding includes brushes, a commutator, and a second coil. The second coil is sleeved on the first rotating shaft and set in the stator cavity. The second coil can rotate synchronously with the first rotating shaft. The commutator is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft and can rotate synchronously with the first rotating shaft. The commutator is electrically connected to the second coil. The brushes are mounted on the stator frame. The lower end of the brushes is elastically pressed against the outer surface of the commutator to maintain sliding contact.

4. The airborne DC-to-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The swashplate axial piston pump includes a cylinder body, a second rotating shaft connected to the cylinder body, and several circumferentially distributed sealed working chambers within the cylinder body. A piston is installed within each sealed working chamber, with its front end connected to the second rotating shaft. A swashplate is installed within the cylinder body, and the second rotating shaft drives the cylinder body and pistons to rotate synchronously. The front end face of the piston is always in contact with the end face of the swashplate. When the second rotating shaft rotates, the piston extends outward from the cylinder body in a cycle from bottom to top along the swashplate, continuously increasing the volume within the sealed working chambers of the cylinder body. Hydraulic oil is drawn in through the distribution port on the distribution plate located at the end of the cylinder body. Conversely, the piston pushes inward into the cylinder body in a cycle from top to bottom, continuously decreasing the volume within the sealed working chambers of the cylinder body. Hydraulic oil is discharged outward through the distribution port on the distribution plate. The distribution plate provides hydraulic energy to onboard hydraulic energy users through valves.

5. An airborne DC-to-hydraulic-mechanical-thermal bidirectional conversion method, characterized in that, The conversion device described in any one of claims 1-4 is used for execution, including four bidirectional conversion modes: 1) Thermal Energy Operation: Utilizes the temperature difference between the airborne heat source and the heat sink to generate acoustic energy, which drives power generation, outputs electrical energy, and simultaneously converts it into mechanical energy and hydraulic energy; or outputs electrical energy and converts it into mechanical energy; or outputs electrical energy and converts it into hydraulic energy; or outputs electrical energy alone. 2) Hydraulic Energy Operation: When the pressure difference between the high-pressure hydraulic oil and the low-pressure hydraulic oil in the airborne hydraulic system exceeds the critical value, the hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and cooling capacity; or the hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity; or the hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and mechanical energy; or the hydraulic energy is converted into electrical energy in a single conversion; or the hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy in a single conversion. 3) Mechanical energy operating condition: When the mechanical energy of the airborne power system exceeds the critical value, the mechanical energy is recovered and converted into hydraulic energy, electrical energy, and cooling capacity simultaneously; or the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity simultaneously; or the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and hydraulic energy simultaneously; or the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy alone. Alternatively, surplus mechanical energy may be converted into hydraulic energy separately; 4) Electrical Energy Operation: When the DC power of the airborne power system exceeds the critical value, the airborne DC power is recovered and simultaneously converted into cooling capacity, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy; or simultaneously converted into mechanical energy and hydraulic energy; or simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and hydraulic energy; or simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and mechanical energy; or converted into cooling capacity alone; or converted into hydraulic energy alone; or converted into mechanical energy alone.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, By controlling the opening / closing of the first, second, and third contactors, and the engagement / disengagement of the first, second, and third clutches in the gearbox, multiple operating modes can be configured, including: single output of electrical energy, single output of mechanical energy, single output of hydraulic energy, single output of cooling capacity, and simultaneous output of any two or three types of energy.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In thermal operation, when the first contactor, the second contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are engaged, and when the first clutch and the third clutch are engaged, the onboard thermal energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy. When the first contactor, the second contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are engaged. When the first clutch and the third clutch are disengaged, the airborne thermal energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and hydraulic energy. When the first contactor, the second contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are disengaged, and the first clutch and the third clutch are engaged, the airborne thermal energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and mechanical energy. When the first and second contactors are closed and the third contactor is open, the airborne thermal energy is converted into electrical energy independently.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In hydraulic operation, when the second and third clutches are engaged, the second and first clutches are engaged, and the first, second, and third contactors are all closed, the onboard hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy, mechanical energy, and cooling capacity. When the second and third clutches are disengaged, the second clutches are engaged with the first clutch, and the first, second, and third contactors are all closed, the onboard hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity. When the second and third clutches are engaged, the second and first clutches are engaged, the second and third contactors are closed, and the first contactor is open, the onboard hydraulic energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and mechanical energy. When the second and third clutches are disengaged, the second clutches are engaged with the first clutch, the second and third contactors are closed, and the first contactor is disengaged, the onboard hydraulic energy is converted into electrical energy independently. When the second and third clutches are engaged, the second and first clutches are disengaged, and the onboard hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy independently.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In mechanical energy operation, when the third clutch and the first clutch are engaged, the third clutch and the second clutch are engaged, and the first contactor, the second contactor and the third contactor are all closed, the onboard mechanical energy is simultaneously converted into hydraulic energy, electrical energy and cooling capacity. When the third clutch is engaged with the first clutch, the third clutch and the second clutch are disengaged, and the first contactor, the second contactor and the third contactor are all closed, the onboard mechanical energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and cooling capacity. When the third clutch and the first clutch are engaged, the third clutch and the second clutch are closed, the second contactor and the third contactor are closed, and the first contactor is open, the onboard mechanical energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy and hydraulic energy. When the third clutch and the first clutch are engaged, the third clutch and the second clutch are disengaged, the second contactor and the third contactor are closed, and the first contactor is open, the onboard mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy independently. When the third clutch is disengaged from the first clutch and the third clutch is engaged with the second clutch, the onboard mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy independently.

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In electrical operation, when the second contactor, the first contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are engaged. When the first clutch and the third clutch are engaged, the onboard electrical energy is simultaneously converted into cooling capacity, mechanical energy, and hydraulic energy. When the second and third contactors are closed and the first contactor is open, the first and second clutches are engaged. When the first and third clutches are engaged, the onboard electrical energy is simultaneously converted into mechanical energy and hydraulic energy. When the second contactor, the first contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are engaged. When the first clutch and the third clutch are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy is simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and hydraulic energy. When the second contactor, the first contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are disengaged, and the first clutch and the third clutch are engaged, the onboard electrical energy is simultaneously converted into cooling capacity and mechanical energy. When the second contactor, the first contactor, and the third contactor are all closed, the first clutch and the second clutch are disengaged. When the first clutch and the third clutch are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy is converted into cooling capacity independently. When the second and third contactors are closed and the first contactor is open, the first and second clutches are engaged. When the first and third clutches are disengaged, the onboard electrical energy is converted into hydraulic energy independently. When the second and third contactors are closed, the first contactor is open, the first and second clutches are disengaged, and the first and third clutches are engaged, the onboard electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy independently.

Images