A separate chamber independent lubrication system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of industrial vehicle driving, and particularly relates to a cavity-separated independent lubricating system, which comprises three independent lubricating cavities, namely a motor-reducer spline meshing cavity, a hydraulic gear output lubricating cavity and a transmission gear lubricating cavity, and the motor-reducer spline meshing cavity, the hydraulic gear output lubricating cavity and the transmission gear lubricating cavity are independent and not communicated with each other. Through the cavity-separated independent lubricating system, each oil cavity does not interfere with each other. The oil pollution caused by the abnormal work of parts in each oil cavity will not cause the change of the oil cleanliness of other oil cavities, thereby reducing the impact range and the maintenance cost. Through the cavity-separated independent lubricating system, the lubrication of rotating parts is sufficient, and the oil stirring loss is small. The leaked oil in the oil storage chamber is continuously supplied to the rotating parts of gears and bearings through the oil channel and drainage path, thereby reducing the amount of oil stirring and the high-speed oil stirring loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial vehicle drive technology, and specifically relates to a compartmentalized independent lubrication system. Background Technology

[0002] The forklift drive system is the core assembly that determines the forklift's power output, driving performance, and operational adaptability. Its function is to convert and transmit the input signal from the power source to the drive wheels, enabling the forklift to move forward, backward, adjust speed, and brake. It mainly consists of four modules: the power source, the transmission mechanism, the drive axle, and the control system. These modules work together to ensure the forklift's driving and operational capabilities. The core technologies revolve around power transmission efficiency, reliability, NVH performance, and energy consumption control. Lubrication of the drive system is a crucial process for ensuring the lifespan of transmission components, reducing NVH (noise, vibration), and improving power transmission efficiency. Essentially, it isolates metal-to-metal friction pairs through a lubricating oil film, reducing wear, lowering operating resistance, and dissipating frictional heat.

[0003] With the development of high speed, the energy loss of high-speed oil churning has become an important issue to be addressed. Therefore, a reasonable design of the lubrication system can achieve effective lubrication and reduce oil churning loss with the minimum amount of oil added. At the same time, the protection of grease is also a key consideration in the structural design of the drive system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compartmentalized independent lubrication system to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application employs the following technical solution:

[0006] A multi-cavity independent lubrication system includes three independent lubrication cavities: a motor-reducer spline engagement cavity, a hydraulic gear output lubrication cavity, and a transmission gear lubrication cavity. The motor-reducer spline engagement cavity, the hydraulic gear output lubrication cavity, and the transmission gear lubrication cavity are all independent and not connected.

[0007] Furthermore, the spline engagement cavity of the motor-reducer, the hydraulic gear output lubrication cavity, and the transmission gear lubrication cavity are respectively formed by one or more of the following: input shaft, hydraulic gear, reducer housing, transmission gear, sealing ring, O-ring, gear pump, drive motor, and differential.

[0008] Furthermore, the input shaft is provided with a first internal spline cavity, a sealing ring mounting surface and two bearing mounting surfaces are provided on the outside of the input shaft, a sealing cover is provided at one end of the input shaft, and a light hole is provided on the inner wall of the input shaft;

[0009] The motor shaft is equipped with an external spline, a centering step, and an O-ring;

[0010] The hydraulic gear has a second internal spline cavity inside, and a stepped mounting surface on the outside for installing seals and bearings. A cap is provided at one end of the hydraulic gear.

[0011] Furthermore, the input shaft is installed inside the gearbox, and the sealing cover isolates the inside of the gearbox from the first spline cavity. A sealing ring is installed on the outside of the input shaft near the first spline cavity to isolate the inside of the gearbox from the motor. A light hole is provided on the inner wall of the input shaft to cooperate with the O-ring of the motor shaft for sealing, forming a motor-gearbox spline meshing cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the gear pump is mounted on the hydraulic gear, which is installed inside the gearbox. The end cap isolates the inside of the gearbox from the second spline cavity, forming the hydraulic gear output lubrication cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, an oil sump is provided at the bottom of the gearbox housing, and multiple oil chambers and oil storage chambers are provided on the gearbox housing. The oil chambers and oil storage chambers are all connected to the oil sump, and the oil sump, oil chambers and oil storage chambers form the transmission gear lubrication cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, a guide plate, an oil guide groove, and multiple oil baffles are provided on the gearbox housing; the guide plate is located at the upper part of the gearbox housing, the oil guide groove is located at the bottom of the bearing mounting hole, and the oil baffles are located in the gear mounting area of ​​the gearbox housing, and the size of the oil baffles is larger than the tip circle of the corresponding gear.

[0015] Furthermore, the oil chamber is formed by the gearbox housing and the corresponding oil baffle wall, and multiple oil storage chambers are provided in the upper part of the gearbox housing.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] 1. With a separate lubrication system for each chamber, each oil chamber does not interfere with the others. Grease contamination caused by abnormal operation of parts in one oil chamber will not affect the cleanliness of the oil in other oil chambers, reducing the scope of impact and lowering maintenance costs.

[0018] 2. The independent lubrication system with separate chambers facilitates maintenance. When the motor or gear pump needs to be replaced, there is no need to drain the oil from the gearbox. Simply add the appropriate lubricating grease to the spline meshing chamber of the motor-reducer or the output lubrication chamber of the hydraulic gear. This reduces workload, increases efficiency, and avoids environmental pollution.

[0019] 3. With its independent lubrication system, rotating parts are adequately lubricated and oil churning losses are minimized. Oil leaking from the oil reservoir is continuously supplied to the rotating parts of gears and bearings through oil passages and drainage channels, reducing the amount of oil churning and lowering high-speed oil churning losses. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the spline meshing cavity of the motor-reducer of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic gear output lubrication chamber of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the input shaft of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a hydraulic gear structure.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gearbox housing.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gearbox housing cover.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission lubrication chamber in its installed state.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0028] 1. Input shaft; 2. Hydraulic gear; 3. Gearbox housing; 4. Housing cover; 5. Transmission gear; 6. Bearing; 7. Sealing ring; 8. O-ring; 9. Gear pump; 10. Motor; 11. Differential; 41. Oil sump; 42. Oil chamber; 43. Oil reservoir; 44. Drain hole; 45. Oil guide plate; 46. Drip hole; 47. Oil guide groove; 48. Oil baffle; 49. Bearing mounting hole; 51. Oil guide plate; 52. Bearing mounting hole; 53. Oil guide groove; 54. Oil reservoir; 55. Oil chamber; 56. Drip hole; 57. Baffle Oil wall; 101, external spline; 103, centering step; 111, first internal spline cavity; 112, sealing cover; 113, internal spline; 114, bearing mounting surface; 115, smooth hole; 116, outer circular sealing ring mounting surface; 491, oil filling hole; 2001, second internal spline cavity; 2002, first stepped shaft; 2003, second stepped shaft; 2004, third stepped shaft; 2005, end cap; 1000, motor-reducer lubrication cavity; 2000, hydraulic gear output lubrication cavity; 3000, transmission lubrication cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are merely exemplary and can only be used to explain and illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solution of the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, this application provides a multi-chamber independent lubrication system, which includes three independent lubrication chambers: a motor-reducer spline engagement chamber 1000, a hydraulic gear output lubrication chamber 2000, and a transmission gear lubrication chamber 3000. These three lubrication chambers—the motor-reducer spline engagement chamber 1000, the hydraulic gear output lubrication chamber 2000, and the transmission gear lubrication chamber 3000—are independent and not interconnected, meaning that lubricating oil cannot enter these three lubrication chambers using existing lubrication methods.

[0031] In the technical solution of this application, the components of the gearbox remain unchanged and will not be described one by one here. This application only describes some major components, including input shaft 1, hydraulic gear 2, gearbox housing 3, housing cover 4, transmission gear 5, bearing 6, sealing ring 7, O-ring 8, gear pump 9, drive motor 10, and differential 11.

[0032] To achieve the three independent lubrication chambers of this application, the structure of some components has been modified accordingly, specifically as follows:

[0033] The input shaft 1 of this application is still a hollow structure. An internal spline 113 is provided in the inner cavity of the input shaft 1, and the inner cavity corresponding to the internal spline is named the first internal spline cavity 111. An outer circular sealing ring mounting surface 116 and two bearing mounting surfaces 114 are provided on the outside of the input shaft. The bearing mounting surfaces are respectively located near both ends of the input shaft and are used to install the sealing ring and the bearing. A sealing cover 112 is provided at one end of the inner cavity of the input shaft, and the end of the inner cavity of the input shaft away from the sealing cover is a light hole 115.

[0034] In this application, the motor shaft is provided with an external spline 101, an O-ring 8, and a centering step 103.

[0035] In this application, the hydraulic gear can be a blind hole type or a hollow structure with an internal spline design. When it is a hollow structure, internal cavity sealing and isolation need to be considered. The internal cavity corresponding to this internal spline is named the second internal spline cavity 2001. Three stepped shafts are provided on the outside of the hydraulic gear, namely the first stepped shaft 2002, the second stepped shaft 2003, and the third stepped shaft 2004. These three stepped shafts are used to install the sealing ring and the bearing, respectively. A cap 2005 is provided in the internal cavity at the end of the hydraulic gear shaft away from the sealing ring to isolate the lubricating oil in the gear chamber from the internal second spline cavity.

[0036] The input shaft is mounted and secured inside the gearbox via bearings at both ends. A cap away from the sealed end isolates the oil inside the gearbox from the splined cavity. A sealing ring is installed on the outside of the input shaft near the spline to isolate the oil inside the gearbox from the motor. During motor installation, a centering step mates with the gearbox to ensure coaxiality between the motor's external spline and the reducer's internal spline. A groove is designed on the outer end of the motor's external spline to accommodate an O-ring. This forms the motor-reducer spline meshing cavity, called the first lubrication cavity. Before motor installation, grease or oil is applied to achieve independent lubrication.

[0037] The gear shaft, housing the hydraulic gear, is secured within the gearbox by bearings at both ends. A cap at the end furthest from the seal isolates the oil inside the gearbox from the splined cavity. A sealing ring is installed at the outer end near the spline to further isolate the oil from the external environment. During installation, the gear pump is aligned with the gearbox housing via a centering step, ensuring coaxiality between the external spline of the gear pump and the internal spline of the hydraulic gear. Sealant or paper gaskets are applied to the mounting surfaces of the gear pump and gearbox. This creates a secondary lubrication chamber at the hydraulic gear output, where grease or oil is applied before installing the gear pump for independent lubrication.

[0038] In this application, the gearbox housing consists of two parts: a gearbox shell and a cover, which are bolted together to form the gearbox housing. Inside the gearbox, a multi-stage gear transmission mechanism is installed. The specific number of gear transmission mechanisms is set as needed. Each gear transmission mechanism is connected to the gearbox housing housing via a transmission gear shaft and bearings mounted at both ends of the transmission gear shaft. Furthermore, the gearbox housing is equipped with an oil sump, multiple oil chambers, and multiple oil reservoirs. Drainage holes are provided in the oil reservoirs and oil chambers for the flow of lubricating oil.

[0039] An oil guide plate and oil drip hole are provided on the upper part of the gearbox housing, and an oil guide groove 47 is provided at the bottom of the bearing mounting hole 49 on the gearbox housing. Multiple oil baffles 48 are provided in the gear mounting area of ​​the gearbox housing and cover. The size of the oil baffles is larger than the addendum circle of the corresponding gear. Therefore, each oil chamber is formed by aligning the corresponding oil baffles after the gearbox housing and cover are assembled. An oil sump is located at the bottom of the gearbox housing to achieve oil circulation and cooling. Multiple oil storage chambers are provided on the upper part of the gearbox housing and cover, i.e., multiple oil storage chambers are located on the upper part of the gearbox housing, also formed by the gearbox housing and cover corresponding to each other. When the gear transmission mechanism is running, the agitated oil enters the oil chambers and oil storage chambers, and then reaches the bottom of the bearing through the drainage hole, achieving continuous lubrication of the bearing. The oil circulating from the oil chambers and the oil in the oil sump are constantly exchanged under the drive of the large gear, achieving cooling.

[0040] The cover and the gearbox housing are respectively provided with an oil guide plate 51, a bearing bottom hole 52, an oil guide groove 53, an oil storage chamber 54, an oil chamber 55, an oil drip hole 56, and an oil baffle wall 57.

[0041] The transmission gear lubrication chamber: The oil sump 41 is designed at the bottom of the gearbox housing and cover to achieve oil circulation and cooling. Multiple oil storage chambers 43 are designed on the upper part of the gearbox housing and cover. When the gear transmission mechanism is running, the agitated oil enters the oil chamber and the oil storage chamber. After the gearbox is assembled, the added lubricating oil is mainly concentrated in the oil sump. It is necessary to ensure that the driving gear or driven gear can be immersed in the oil for at least 10mm. When the gears rotate and agitate the oil, some oil will enter the oil chamber with the gear meshing, some oil will enter the guide groove along the oil baffle and reach the bottom of the bearing, and some oil will enter the oil storage chamber and then reach the bottom of the bearing and the gear meshing area through the drainage hole, so as to achieve continuous lubrication. The oil circulating from the oil chamber and the oil in the oil sump are constantly exchanged under the drive of the large gear to achieve cooling.

[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A compartmentalized independent lubrication system, characterized in that, It includes three independent lubrication chambers: the spline engagement chamber of the motor-reducer, the output lubrication chamber of the hydraulic gear, and the lubrication chamber of the transmission gear. The spline engagement chamber of the motor-reducer, the output lubrication chamber of the hydraulic gear, and the lubrication chamber of the transmission gear are independent and not connected.

2. The independent lubrication system with multiple cavities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor-reducer spline engagement cavity, hydraulic gear output lubrication cavity, and transmission gear lubrication cavity are respectively formed by one or more of the following: input shaft, hydraulic gear, reducer housing, transmission gear, sealing ring, O-ring, gear pump, drive motor, and differential.

3. The independent lubrication system with multiple cavities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input shaft is provided with a first internal spline cavity, a sealing ring mounting surface and two bearing mounting surfaces are provided on the outside of the input shaft, a sealing cover is provided at one end of the input shaft, and a light hole is provided on the inner wall of the input shaft. The motor shaft is equipped with an external spline and a centering step; The hydraulic gear has a second internal spline cavity inside, and a stepped mounting surface on the outside for installing seals and bearings. A cap is provided at one end of the hydraulic gear.

4. The independent lubrication system with multiple cavities according to claim 3, characterized in that, The input shaft is installed inside the gearbox. The sealing cover isolates the inside of the gearbox from the first inner spline cavity. A sealing ring is installed on the outside of the input shaft near the first inner spline cavity to isolate the inside of the gearbox from the motor, forming a motor-gearbox spline meshing cavity.

5. The independent lubrication system with multiple cavities according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gear pump is mounted on the hydraulic gear, which is installed inside the gearbox. The end cap isolates the inside of the gearbox from the second inner spline cavity, forming the output lubrication cavity of the hydraulic gear.

6. The independent lubrication system with multiple cavities according to claim 2, characterized in that, An oil sump is provided at the bottom of the gearbox housing, and multiple oil chambers and oil storage chambers are provided on the gearbox housing. The oil chambers and oil storage chambers are all connected to the oil sump, and the oil sump, oil chambers and oil storage chambers form the lubrication cavity of the transmission gear.

7. The independent lubrication system with multiple cavities according to claim 6, characterized in that, A guide plate, an oil guide groove, and multiple oil baffles are provided on the gearbox housing; the guide plate is located at the upper part of the gearbox housing, the oil guide groove is located at the bottom of the bearing mounting hole, and the oil baffles are located in the gear mounting area of ​​the gearbox housing, and the size of the oil baffles is larger than the tooth tip circle of the corresponding gear.

8. The independent lubrication system with multiple cavities according to claim 7, characterized in that, The oil chamber is formed by the gearbox housing and the corresponding oil baffle wall, and multiple oil storage chambers are provided in the upper part of the gearbox housing.

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