A verticality monitoring device and monitoring method for hollow thin-walled pier construction

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of engineering construction monitoring, and aims at the problems of low precision of verticality monitoring of existing vertical structure and inability to adapt to the construction of turning over the mold. A verticality monitoring device and monitoring method for hollow thin-walled pier construction are disclosed, which comprises a shell, an adjustable laser emitting module, a leveling module, a cleaning module and a plurality of laser receiving pieces. The shell is embedded in the pile cap, the adjustable laser emitting module emits a laser beam to form a vertical laser beam, the laser receiving pieces are arranged in an array along the top of the hollow thin-walled pier, the light spot irradiation points of the laser beam are collected to judge the verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier, and the verticality construction monitoring is completed; the leveling module corrects the levelness of the shell according to the level, and the cleaning module completes the cleaning of the first and second light transmission plates at the top of the shell under the driving of air pressure. The present application can realize full coverage and continuous monitoring of the verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier, has the advantages of leveling, cleaning and adapting to the construction of turning over the mold, and is suitable for verticality monitoring of various vertical structures such as bridge piers and columns.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of engineering construction monitoring technology, specifically relating to a verticality monitoring device and method for hollow thin-walled pier construction. Background Technology

[0002] Vertical concrete structures (such as hollow thin-walled bridge piers and building columns) are core load-bearing components in transportation and construction engineering. Their verticality directly determines the structural safety, overall alignment accuracy, and service life of the project, making it a critical quality indicator that must be strictly controlled during construction. Taking the construction of hollow thin-walled bridge piers as an example, the current common method is the flip-form method: before installing the bottom section formwork, a 5cm high and 10cm wide mortar layer is used on the top surface of the pier cap to level the bottom surface of the formwork. This leveling process requires repeated measurements to ensure the verticality of the bottom section formwork. Normally, the concrete pouring height for each segment is designed to be 4.5m. The formwork is flipped only 2×2.25m each time, using the previous top formwork (2.25m high) as the base formwork for the next installation. A 1m high adjustment plate is set at the top for adjustment based on the pier height. The entire formwork installation process requires the cooperation of a truck crane or tower crane. The construction sequence is compact, and the high-altitude operations are intensive, placing extremely high demands on the real-time, accurate, and adaptable nature of verticality monitoring.

[0003] Currently, the verticality monitoring of vertical structures such as hollow thin-walled piers still mainly relies on traditional manual measurement methods, specifically using a plumb bob method in conjunction with a total station: a plumb bob is used to set up a point at each of the four corners of each thin-walled pier and a string is attached for measurement. For every two modules in the planar position, the total station measures the four corner points, calculates two coordinate points in each of the longitudinal and transverse directions of the pier's central axis, and lays them out. Then, the total station is set up at each coordinate point in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the pier's central axis to observe and control the verticality of the pier. This traditional approach has significant technical drawbacks: First, it suffers from poor monitoring timeliness, only allowing for intermittent sampling inspections every two formwork sections. It cannot provide real-time monitoring during critical processes such as formwork installation, concrete pouring, and formwork lifting, making it prone to failure to detect formwork misalignment in a timely manner, leading to excessive verticality of the pier and high rework costs. Second, it has a limited monitoring dimension, relying solely on single-point stringing at the four corners and measuring the four corners with a total station. This only reflects corner deviations of the pier and cannot cover the overall posture of the pier, easily overlooking potential localized misalignments in the middle. Third, it suffers from limited visibility. Frequent tower crane and truck crane operations at the construction site, along with severe obstructions from scaffolding and formwork, make setting up the total station extremely difficult. Measurement operations are highly dependent on professional personnel, resulting in high safety risks, low efficiency, and difficulty adapting to the rapid, cyclical pace of formwork construction. Fourth, it has poor anti-interference capabilities. The plumb bob method is susceptible to wind-induced errors, and total station measurements are easily affected by environmental factors such as atmospheric turbulence and temperature differences caused by sunlight, resulting in insufficient measurement accuracy and stability.

[0004] Existing related patent technologies have not yet solved the above-mentioned technical defects. For example, authorized patent CN202411967974.7 discloses a high bridge pier verticality detection device and method based on laser scanning. The device uses a spiral inner frame and a spiral outer frame fitted on the pier body. The frame is driven up and down by rollers, and the verticality is detected by the bottom laser emitter in conjunction with the ground receiving plate. This technology has significant limitations: First, it is not suitable for specific scenarios, only applicable to the inspection of finished high bridge piers, and cannot be integrated into hollow thin-walled piers for real-time monitoring of the entire formwork construction process, failing to address the core monitoring needs during the construction phase. Second, it has poor structural adaptability; the U-shaped frame structure is bulky and cumbersome to assemble and disassemble, and cannot move synchronously with the 2.25m formwork, interfering with normal construction procedures and severely conflicting with the formwork construction rhythm. Third, it has a single monitoring dimension, relying only on single-point laser detection at the four corners, without establishing a stable laser reference system, making it impossible to monitor the posture of the entire pier body, and posing the same risk of missed detection as traditional methods. Fourth, it has poor on-site adaptability; the device lacks automatic leveling and cleaning functions, and in the harsh environment of dust and concrete slurry pollution at construction sites, the measurement accuracy is prone to rapid decline, and the use of an independent drive motor results in low functional integration and poor energy utilization.

[0005] In summary, existing verticality monitoring technologies cannot simultaneously meet the monitoring requirements of establishing a stable laser reference, achieving full coverage of the entire structural surface, and adapting to formwork construction conditions. They also struggle to balance accuracy, interference resistance, and construction adaptability. Therefore, developing a verticality monitoring device and method that uses laser as a reference to achieve full-surface monitoring has become an urgent technical need for high-quality construction of vertical concrete structures. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems of low verticality monitoring accuracy, lack of automatic leveling capability, easy contamination and scaling of the light-transmitting surface, and inability to achieve continuous automated monitoring throughout the entire construction process in formwork construction, this invention aims to provide a verticality monitoring device and method for hollow thin-walled pier construction that is adapted to the entire formwork construction process. Through an integrated structural design of laser reference output, automatic leveling correction, automatic cleaning of the light-transmitting surface, and array-type signal reception, it achieves automated, continuous, and high-precision full-process monitoring of the verticality of the vertical structure in formwork construction, eliminating the need for manual on-site supervision and effectively improving the verticality monitoring accuracy and construction efficiency of formwork construction.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: On the one hand, a verticality monitoring device for the construction of hollow thin-walled piers is proposed, including a shell installed inside the pier cap, and also including: An adjustable laser emitting module is disposed inside the housing and is used to generate air pressure and emit a laser beam along the vertical direction of the hollow thin-walled pier; Multiple laser receivers are disposed on the top of the hollow thin-walled pier for receiving the laser beam; Multiple leveling modules are installed throughout the bottom of the housing and connected to an adjustable laser emission module to level the housing horizontally via air pressure adjustment.

[0008] Furthermore, the tunable laser emission module includes: The drive unit is installed inside the housing; Two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms are connected to the drive component for transmission; Two sets of air pressure generating components are connected to the angle adjustment mechanism, and a first laser emitter is installed on the top of each set of air pressure generating components.

[0009] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes: The power unit is connected to the drive component and is movably connected to the bottom of the air pressure generating assembly; Two first brackets are installed inside the housing and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the air pressure generating assembly, and are movably connected to the outer wall of the air pressure generating assembly.

[0010] Furthermore, the air pressure generating component includes: The piston rod, with its fixed end hinged to the power unit; The piston cylinder has its outer wall hinged to the first bracket, its bottom slidingly engaged with the free end of the piston rod, and the first laser emitter mounted on its top.

[0011] Furthermore, a vertically upward-facing second laser emitter is also mounted inside the housing via two second brackets.

[0012] Furthermore, the leveling module includes: The leveling support legs are installed through the bottom of the housing; The leveling air path is connected at one end to the leveling support foot and at the other end to a pressure regulating control, which is used to control the air pressure in the leveling air path. Multiple leveling air passages are connected to the same pressure regulating control, and the pressure regulating control is connected to two piston cylinders through a compressed air passage.

[0013] Furthermore, the device also includes: a dirt-proof frame, which covers the light outlet of the housing, and the light outlet is provided with a first light-transmitting plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the device also includes a cleaning module for cleaning the first light-transmitting plate; the cleaning module includes: The cleaning actuator is slidably disposed outside the light outlet and abuts against the first light-transmitting plate; Two slides are provided on both sides of the anti-fouling frame, and each slide is equipped with an elastic airbag. The gas storage chamber is connected to the pressure regulating control and the elastic airbag, respectively.

[0015] On the other hand, a method for monitoring the verticality of hollow thin-walled pier construction is proposed, which is implemented using the aforementioned verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction. The method includes the following steps: The housing is fixedly installed inside the support platform, and the housing is leveled by the leveling module; Multiple laser receivers are positioned at predetermined points on the top of the hollow thin-walled pier. The adjustable laser emission module is activated to emit a laser beam along the vertical direction of the hollow thin-walled pier; The verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier is determined by the laser beam received by the laser receiver and the irradiation point of the laser beam on the laser receiver, thus completing the verticality construction monitoring.

[0016] Furthermore, the step of emitting a laser beam along the vertical direction of the hollow thin-walled pier includes: Two sets of first laser emitters emit laser beams parallel to the corresponding hollow thin-walled pier surface, covering one side of the monitoring surface of the hollow thin-walled pier. A vertically upward reference laser beam is emitted by a second laser emitter to establish a vertical reference line; The laser receiver simultaneously collects the light spots of multiple laser beams and compares them with the baseline to monitor the verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention integrates an adjustable laser emission module, a leveling module, and a cleaning module into a single housing, using a drive unit as the sole shared power source. Simultaneously, the drive unit moves the angle adjustment mechanism, which in turn triggers a pneumatic pressure generator to produce periodic pressure changes. Gas from the pneumatic pressure generator is synchronously delivered to the leveling and cleaning modules via compressed air, leveling air, and cleaning air paths. This allows the laser emission, leveling, and cleaning actions to share the same power source and be linked through pneumatic transmission. This eliminates the need for separate drive units for leveling and cleaning, simplifying the overall device structure, reducing energy consumption and failure rate, and improving the synchronization and coordination of the actions of each module. It fundamentally avoids the drawbacks of multiple power sources, such as asynchronous actions, high energy consumption, and cumbersome maintenance.

[0018] 2. In the angle adjustment mechanism of the present invention, the air pressure generating component composed of the sliding block linkage piston rod and piston cylinder swings synchronously with a small amplitude, and the first laser emitter at the top of the piston cylinder swings synchronously, cooperating with the second laser emitter to emit multiple laser beams to form a vertical laser reference surface. This laser reference surface is parallel to the monitoring surface of the hollow thin-walled pier and can completely cover the entire monitoring surface. A stable and fully covered vertical laser reference system is established from the laser emission source, solving the technical pain points of existing devices such as easy laser reference deviation, single monitoring dimension, and easy omission of the hidden danger of central deviation.

[0019] 3. In the leveling module of this invention, multiple leveling feet are set at the bottom of the housing. The pressure regulating control is connected to the compressed air circuit of the air pressure generating component. The pressure regulating control collects the levelness data of the first level and the second level in real time. When the levelness deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the pressure regulating control uses the periodic air pressure generated by the air pressure generating component to drive the leveling feet to automatically extend and retract, correcting the levelness of the housing in real time, so that the laser emission reference always remains accurately vertical. There is no need for repeated manual measurement and adjustment, which greatly improves the automation level, accuracy and timeliness of the device's reference calibration, and adapts to the working conditions of rapid construction on the construction site.

[0020] 4. This invention features a dual-transmittance protective structure with a first and second light-transmitting plate at the light outlet of the housing. The cleaning module comprises a cleaning actuator, an air storage chamber, an elastic airbag, and an auxiliary elastic component. The air storage chamber collects gas generated by the pressure generating component. When contamination on the surface of the second light-transmitting plate causes laser signal attenuation, the air storage chamber supplies high-pressure gas to the elastic airbag, driving the cleaning actuator to slide automatically along a track. Cleaning fluid inside the cleaning actuator is evenly sprayed from nozzles to complete the wiping and cleaning process. After cleaning, the auxiliary elastic component drives the cleaning actuator to automatically reset. The dual-transmittance structure resists erosion from dust, sand, and slurry at the construction site. The automatic cleaning module removes contaminants from the light-transmitting surface in real time, preventing laser attenuation and ensuring uninterrupted laser signal penetration, maintaining high-precision monitoring over the long term. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable laser emission module structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment mechanism-air pressure generating component of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Partial view at point M in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling module structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning module structure of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Partial view at point N in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-fouling frame-first light-transmitting plate-second light-transmitting plate-slide track structure of the present invention; Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning actuator structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the laser receiver structure of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 14 For the present invention Figure 13 Top view; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the pier-cap structure of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser receiver deployed on one side of the pier body according to the present invention; Figure 17 For the present invention Figure 16 Partial view of point P in the middle.

[0022] in: 100. Pier cap; 1001. Installation groove; 200. Pier body; 300. Formwork; 400. Foundation; 1. Housing; 101. First bracket; 102. Second bracket; 2. Drive unit; 3. First laser emitter; 4. Base; 5. Screw; 6. Slide; 7. Piston rod; 8. Piston cylinder; 9. Leveling foot; 901. Air inlet; 10. Pressure adjustment control; 11. Anti-fouling frame; 1101. First light-transmitting plate; 12. Slide rail; 13. Cleaning actuator; 1301. Nozzle; 1302. First air nozzle; 1303. Insert rod; 14. Air storage chamber; 15. Elastic airbag; 16. Auxiliary elastic component; 17. Laser receiver; 1701. Photoelectric sensor; 1702. Detachable fixing clamp; 18. Second light-transmitting plate; 19. First level; 20. Compressed air path; 21. Leveling air path; 22. Cleaning air path; 23. Second level; 24. Second laser emitter. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Example 1: Refer to Appendix Figure 1 As shown in −15, a verticality monitoring device for the construction of hollow thin-walled piers includes a housing 1 installed inside the pier cap 100, an adjustable laser emitting module, multiple laser receivers 17, and multiple sets of leveling modules.

[0025] The shell 1 is a sealed protective structure, embedded and fixed in a pre-set mounting groove 1001 inside the foundation 100. The top surface of the shell 1 is flush with the top surface of the foundation 100, which is cast above the foundation 400. A first level 19 and a second level 23 are embedded in the bottom of the shell 1 for real-time monitoring of the levelness of the shell 1. It should be noted that in this invention, mounting grooves 1001 are provided on the top of all four sides of the foundation 100, and a verticality monitoring device is installed in each mounting groove 1001, so that the construction verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier can be monitored from different directions.

[0026] An adjustable laser emitting module is housed within the housing 1. It generates air pressure changes to drive the leveling module to level the housing 1 horizontally and emits a laser beam vertically along the hollow thin-walled pier. Specifically, the adjustable laser emitting module includes a drive unit 2, two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms, and two sets of air pressure generating components. The drive unit 2 is a dual-axis output servo motor, specifically model 60ST-M01330D, fixedly installed at the center of the bottom inner side of the housing 1. The output shafts at both ends of the drive unit 2 are respectively connected to one set of angle adjustment mechanisms, providing a single shared power source for the adjustable laser emitting module, leveling module, and cleaning module. Each set of angle adjustment mechanisms includes a power unit and two first supports 101. The two first supports 101 are bolted and fixedly installed within the housing 1, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the air pressure generating components, and rotatably connected to the air pressure generating components.

[0027] In this embodiment, the power unit includes a base 4, a screw 5, and a slide 6. The base 4 is bolted to the bottom surface of the housing 1 and is located on one side of the drive component 2. A through slot is formed on the top of the base 4. The screw 5 is installed in the through slot and coaxially connected to one output end of the drive component 2 via a coupling. Nuts with matching threads are provided on the screw 5. The slide 6 is connected to the nut via a connecting flange, and the nut is slidably installed in the through slot of the base 4. A hinge seat is provided on the top of the slide 6, which is used to install the corresponding air pressure generating component.

[0028] Two sets of air pressure generating assemblies are connected one-to-one with two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms. Each air pressure generating assembly includes a piston rod 7 and a piston cylinder 8. The fixed end of the piston rod 7 is hinged to the hinge seat on the top of the slide block 6. Inside the housing 1, at the position corresponding to the piston cylinder 8, two first supports 101 are bolted together. The piston cylinder 8 is located between the two first supports 101, and the outer side wall of the piston cylinder 8 near the top is connected to the first supports 101 via a hinge shaft. The first supports 101 can be triangular supports. The bottom of the piston cylinder 8 is in a sealed sliding fit with the free end of the piston rod 7. A first laser emitter 3 is fixedly installed on the top of each set of piston cylinders 8.

[0029] It should be noted that the piston cylinder 8 and piston rod 7 cooperate to form a conventional pneumatic piston structure, and the two complete the intake and compression actions when they move relative to each other. When the piston rod 7 and piston cylinder 8 move away from each other, a negative pressure is formed in the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 8, and outside air is drawn in through the preset one-way intake valve; when the piston rod 7 and piston cylinder 8 move closer to each other, the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 8 is compressed and pressurized, and the internal compressed air is unidirectionally delivered to the pressure regulating control 10 through the compressed air circuit 20. The pressure regulating control 10 completes the air pressure distribution according to the leveling and cleaning requirements. The above-mentioned pneumatic piston intake, compression and air supply circuit structure are all existing conventional technologies, and will not be described in detail here.

[0030] In operation, the drive unit 2 is activated, and its two output shafts synchronously drive the screws 5 on both sides to rotate. The screws 5 are threadedly engaged with the nuts, converting the rotational motion of the drive unit 2 into the linear reciprocating motion of the nuts along the through groove of the base 4. This causes the nuts to move the slide 6. As the slide 6 moves linearly, it synchronously pushes and pulls the piston rod 7 through the top hinge seat, causing the piston rod 7 and the piston cylinder 8 to move relative to each other, continuously completing the intake, compression, and supply actions. At the same time, under the pushing and pulling force of the piston rod 7, the piston cylinder 8 swings back and forth slightly with its hinge point with the first bracket 101 as the center of rotation. This causes the first laser emitter 3 on the top of the piston cylinder 8 to swing synchronously, realizing the continuous adjustment of the laser beam angle. In this device, the angle adjustment action and the air pressure generation action are performed synchronously and coaxially, all relying on the single power source of the drive unit 2.

[0031] Inside the housing 1, two second brackets 102 are also fixedly installed. A second laser emitter 24 that emits a laser beam vertically upward is installed between the two second brackets 102. The second laser emitter 24 cooperates with the two first laser emitters 3 to form a vertical laser beam monitoring surface.

[0032] Multiple leveling modules are installed through the bottom of the housing 1 and connected to the adjustable laser emission module. They level the housing 1 horizontally using air pressure. Each leveling module includes leveling feet 9, leveling air passages 21, and pressure adjustment controls 10. The leveling feet 9 are installed through the four corners of the bottom of the housing 1. In this embodiment, the leveling feet 9 are Airtac MAL20×25 mini telescopic pneumatic feet, each with an air inlet 901. The leveling feet 9 are installed through and sealed in pre-drilled mounting holes at the bottom of the housing 1. The main body of the leveling foot 9 is located inside the housing 1, while the telescopic end extends outside the housing 1 and abuts against the support platform 100, thus supporting and leveling the housing 1. The air inlet 901 on the side wall of the leveling support leg 9 is sealed to the leveling air passage 21 using a conventional pneumatic quick-connect coupling. High-pressure gas in the leveling air passage 21 enters the inner cavity of the leveling support leg 9 through the air inlet 901, driving the extension and retraction of the leveling support leg 9. The aforementioned through-mounting and pneumatic pipeline connections are all existing, known assembly structures. One end of the leveling air passage 21 is connected to the air inlet 901, and the other end is connected to the pressure regulating control 10. Multiple leveling air passages 21 share the same pressure regulating control 10, which is connected to two piston cylinders 8 via a compressed air passage 20 to control the air pressure within the leveling air passage 21. Periodic air pressure changes drive the extension and retraction of the leveling support leg 9 to achieve horizontal leveling of the housing 1, ensuring the vertical accuracy of the laser reference surface.

[0033] Specifically, the first level 19 and the second level 23 at the bottom of the housing 1 display the levelness of the housing 1 in real time and transmit the levelness data synchronously to the pressure regulating control 10. The pressure regulating control 10 uses the levelness monitoring data as the basis for adjustment, continuously receiving compressed air from the compressed air path 20, and distributing output pressure to the corresponding leveling air path 21 according to the tilt direction and amount of the housing 1. High-pressure gas enters the inner cavity of the corresponding leveling support leg 9 through the leveling air path 21 and the air inlet 901, driving the extension or retraction of the extension end of the leveling support leg 9. By adjusting the extension length of the leveling support leg 9 at different positions, dynamic fine-tuning and correction of the levelness of the housing 1 are achieved. When the first level 19 and the second level 23 detect that the levelness of the housing 1 meets the standard, the pressure regulating control 10 immediately stops the air supply and performs a pressure-holding action, locking the current extension length of the leveling support leg 9 to continuously maintain the stability of the level reference of the housing 1.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, the air path and connection relationship of the air pressure generating component are as follows: the air outlets of the two sets of piston cylinders 8 are respectively connected to the air inlet of the pressure regulating control 10 through the compressed air path 20, forming a unified compressed air source. The pressure regulating control 10 integrates two independent air paths: the first path is the leveling air path 21, which is connected to the air inlets 901 of multiple leveling support legs 9 at the bottom of the housing 1, and is used to provide power to the leveling module. The second path is the cleaning air path 22, which is connected to the air inlet of the air storage chamber 14, and is used to provide an energy storage air source for the cleaning module. All air paths use PU pneumatic hoses, and one-way valves are connected in series in the air paths to prevent air pressure backflow and ensure the stability of air pressure transmission.

[0035] In some other embodiments, the light outlet cover of the housing 1 of this device is fitted with a dirt-proof frame 11, and a first light-transmitting plate 1101 is sealed inside the light outlet. As a preferred embodiment, a second light-transmitting plate 18 is sealed and fitted to the outside of the first light-transmitting plate 1101. The second light-transmitting plate 18 is made of high borosilicate tempered glass, possessing characteristics of wear resistance, scratch resistance, high light transmittance, impact resistance, and resistance to concrete slurry corrosion. This dual-transmitting structure ensures laser penetration without attenuation and also resists erosion from dust, sand, and slurry at the construction site. Two slide rails 12 are provided on both sides of the dirt-proof frame 11, and the slide rails 12 are arranged along the swing path of the first laser emitter 3.

[0036] This device also includes a cleaning module for cleaning the first light-transmitting plate 1101. The cleaning module includes a cleaning actuator 13, an air storage chamber 14, an elastic airbag 15, and an auxiliary elastic element 16. The cleaning actuator 13 has a hollow structure, is slidably disposed outside the light outlet, and is in close contact with the second light-transmitting plate 18. The cleaning actuator 13 has integrally formed insert rods 1303 at both ends, with nozzles 1301 evenly distributed on the inner side. A first air nozzle 1302 is disposed at one end opposite to one end of the insert rod 1303, and the central axis of the insert rod 1303 and the first air nozzle 1302 coincide. The elastic airbag 15 is slidably installed inside each slide rail 12, and is connected between the air storage chamber 14 and the first air nozzle 1302 of the cleaning actuator 13. A solenoid valve is connected in series in the connecting pipe between the elastic airbag 15 and the cleaning actuator 13. The auxiliary elastic element 16 is specifically a spring, embedded in the slide rail 12, with both ends connected to the end of the slide rail 12 and the insert rod 1303 of the cleaning actuator 13, respectively. The gas storage chamber 14 is connected to the pressure regulating control 10 and the elastic air bag 15 respectively, and is used to collect the compressed gas generated by the piston cylinder 8 to realize energy storage for backup.

[0037] Specifically, the compressed gas generated by the piston cylinder 8 is preferentially stored in the gas storage chamber 14 via the pressure regulating control 10. When the laser signal attenuates due to contamination on the surface of the second light-transmitting plate 18, the pressure regulating control 10 issues a cleaning command, and the gas storage chamber 14 delivers high-pressure gas to the elastic airbag 15. The elastic airbag 15 expands, pushing the cleaning actuator 13 to slide along the slide rail 12. When the air pressure inside the elastic airbag 15 accumulates to a preset threshold, the solenoid valve opens, and the high-pressure gas evenly sprays the cleaning fluid inside the cleaning actuator 13 through the nozzle 1301, working with the cleaning actuator 13 to complete the wiping and cleaning of the second light-transmitting plate 18. After cleaning is completed, the solenoid valve closes, and the auxiliary elastic element 16 pulls the cleaning actuator 13 back to its initial position.

[0038] The electrical system of this device is based on a PLC controller. The complete electrical control logic is as follows: the PLC controller is electrically connected to the drive unit 2, the pressure adjustment unit 10, the first level 19, the second level 23, the solenoid valve, and the laser receiver 17. Specifically, ① Power control: The PLC controller controls the start / stop, speed, and forward / reverse rotation of the drive component 2 according to monitoring requirements, realizing the fixed-point emission or swing scanning of the first laser emitter 3; ② Air pressure regulation and leveling control: The PLC controller collects the levelness data of the first level 19 and the second level 23 in real time. When the levelness deviation exceeds the preset threshold, such as ±0.5°, the control pressure regulator 10 opens the leveling air path 21, driving the leveling support leg 9 to extend and retract until the levelness meets the standard; ③ Automatic cleaning control: The PLC controller collects the light spot signal intensity of the laser receiver 17 in real time. When the signal intensity attenuates to the preset threshold, such as 70% of the initial value, it determines that the second light-transmitting plate 18 is contaminated, automatically triggers the cleaning command, controls the control pressure regulator 10 to open the cleaning air path 22, and completes the cleaning action in conjunction with the solenoid valve. After cleaning, it automatically resets; ④ Data acquisition and transmission: The PLC controller collects the light spot position data of the laser receiver 17 in real time, and can upload the data to the construction monitoring platform through the wireless transmission module to realize remote monitoring.

[0039] Multiple laser receivers 17 are mounted on the top of the hollow thin-walled pier. Each laser receiver 17 contains an array of photoelectric sensors 1701 for collecting the position of the laser beam spot. The connecting rod between the photoelectric sensors 1701 and the detachable fixing clamp 1702 is a telescopic rod, allowing for adjustable length based on the monitoring distance. This is conventional technology and not specifically limited in this invention. The detachable fixing clamp 1702 is located at the end of each laser receiver 17. For different installation objects, conventional fixing methods are used: when the laser receiver 17 is installed on the construction template 300, the detachable fixing clamp 1702 is directly attached / clamped using a magnetic or snap-fit ​​structure. When the laser receiver 17 is installed on the outer wall of the formed pier body 200, bolts are pre-embedded or driven into the corresponding position on the formed pier body 200, and the detachable fixing clamp 1702 is fixedly connected by a nut engaging with the pre-embedded / driven bolts. The laser receiver 17 can move upwards synchronously with the formwork construction progress, adapting to the continuous monitoring needs throughout the construction process.

[0040] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the laser receiver 17 uses a SpotOnAnalogUSB laser position-sensitive detector (PSD) of the Xiaoxiao Optoelectronics brand, model SPOTANA-9S-USB-L, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 16 , 17 As shown. The laser receiver 17 can directly identify the position of the incident laser spot and can autonomously determine whether the received laser beam spots are in the same horizontal column. Specifically, the second laser emitter 24 emits a laser beam vertically upward. For each monitoring surface of the pier, the laser beam emitted by the second laser emitter 24 illuminates the corresponding photoelectric sensor 1701, forming a fixed and unique horizontal reference column (reference line) on the corresponding laser receiver 17, which serves as the sole reference for determining the verticality of the monitoring surface. The first laser emitter 3, along with the piston cylinder 8, makes a small reciprocating swing around the hinge point as the rotation center, and the emitted laser beam sequentially sweeps across all laser receivers 17 on the same monitoring surface. When the laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter 3 illuminates a single laser receiver 17, the laser receiver 17 autonomously compares the current spot position and determines whether it falls on the horizontal reference column (reference line) in the same plane. If the laser beam spots emitted by all laser receivers 17 on the same monitoring surface fall on the same horizontal reference line set by the laser beam emitted by the second laser transmitter 24, then the monitoring surface of the pier is determined to be in a vertical state. If the laser beam spot received by any laser receiver 17 from the first laser transmitter 3 deviates from the horizontal reference line, then the verticality of the monitoring surface is determined to be deviated, and correction adjustment is required.

[0041] Specific application case: The verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction mentioned above was applied to a highway bridge project. The hollow thin-walled pier of this bridge was designed to be 36m high, with a rectangular 200mm cross-section. The construction height of a single section of the formwork was 2.25m. The formwork method was used for section-by-section casting. During the construction process, it was necessary to monitor the verticality of the 200mm section of the pier in real time and with precision. The specific application process is as follows: During the pouring of the foundation 100, an installation groove 1001 matching the external dimensions of the shell 1 is pre-set. After the concrete of the foundation 100 has initially set, the shell 1 is placed stably inside the installation groove 1001.

[0042] The activation device starts, and the first level 19 and the second level 23 at the bottom of the housing 1 collect the levelness data of the housing 1 in real time. The air pressure generating component generates compressed air, which is delivered to the pressure regulating control 10 through the compressed air circuit 20. The pressure regulating control 10 completes the air pressure distribution and on / off control according to the levelness data. The regulated high-pressure gas is delivered to the leveling support 9 through the leveling air circuit 21, driving the leveling support 9 to extend and retract, completing the dynamic fine adjustment of the levelness of the housing 1. After the leveling is qualified, waterproof sealant is used to fill the gap between the housing 1 and the mounting groove 1001, and the housing 1 is completely fixed inside the support 100.

[0043] On the four facades of the top of the first section of the hollow thin-walled pier construction template 300, laser receivers 17 are respectively installed using detachable fixing clamps 1702 to ensure that the photoelectric sensor 1701 array of the laser receiver 17 faces the laser emission direction, forming a full-coverage monitoring array on all four sides of the pier body 200.

[0044] After the device is operating stably, the second laser emitter 24 maintains a fixed vertical upward laser beam, forming a fixed horizontal reference point on the photoelectric sensor 1701 of the laser receiver 17. The two sets of first laser emitters 3 swing slightly in sync with the piston cylinder 8, emitting laser beams to irradiate the photoelectric sensor 1701 array. By comparing whether the laser irradiation point is in the same horizontal column as the reference point, the verticality of each facade of the hollow thin-walled pier is determined in real time.

[0045] After each 200mm section of the pier body is poured with concrete and the formwork 300mm is flipped and lifted, the laser receiver 17 only needs to be moved upward synchronously with the formwork 300mm to continue monitoring the verticality of the next section.

[0046] If the laser signal is attenuated due to contamination of the second light-transmitting plate 18 by concrete slurry or dust during construction, the cleaning module will automatically start to complete the cleaning operation.

[0047] Example 2: This example uses the aforementioned verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction. The specific monitoring method is as follows: S1. The housing 1 is embedded and fixed in the mounting groove 1001 of the support 100. The leveling module is started. The pressure adjustment control 10 obtains the air pressure generated by the piston cylinder 8 through the compressed air circuit 20, and drives the leveling support leg 9 to extend and retract, so as to complete the horizontal leveling of the housing 1.

[0048] S2. Multiple laser receivers 17 are evenly arranged along the width of the same monitoring surface of the pier using detachable fixing clamps 1702, and fixed to the construction template 300 at the top of the hollow thin-walled pier or the outer wall of the pier body 200. The following requirements must be met during installation: ① All horizontal row photoelectric sensors 1701 of the laser receivers 17 must be arranged parallel to the corresponding monitoring surface to ensure that the laser beam is perpendicularly incident on the photoelectric sensor 1701; ② The horizontal reference row formed by the laser beams emitted by the second laser emitter 24 of all laser receivers 17 on the same monitoring surface must be on the same horizontal plane; ③ The installation position of the laser receivers 17 must avoid construction obstructions to ensure that the laser beams emitted by the first laser emitter 3 and the second laser emitter 24 can be incident without obstruction. After the arrangement is completed, the position calibration of the laser receivers 17 is completed to ensure that the reference horizontal row is set accurately.

[0049] S3. Start the drive unit 2. The second laser emitter 24 maintains a fixed vertical upward laser beam, which illuminates the photoelectric sensor 1701 corresponding to the laser receiver 17, forming a fixed horizontal reference point. At the same time, the drive unit 2 drives the angle adjustment mechanism to move, so that the two sets of first laser emitters 3 swing slightly synchronously with the piston cylinder 8. The first laser emitter 3 emits a laser beam that illuminates the photoelectric sensor 1701 array of the laser receiver 17. Observe whether the laser beam of the first laser emitter 3 illuminates the photoelectric sensor 1701 in the same horizontal column as the reference point of the second laser emitter 24. If the laser beam is in the same horizontal column, the verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier is determined to be qualified. If the laser beam deviates from the horizontal column, the verticality is determined to be out of standard.

[0050] S4. Laser receivers 17 are installed on the top of the four facades of the hollow thin-walled pier. Each facade is monitored independently according to the above-mentioned fixed benchmark and swing comparison method. The verticality of the four facades is determined simultaneously to achieve full coverage monitoring of the overall verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier.

[0051] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A verticality monitoring device for the construction of hollow thin-walled piers, comprising a housing (1) installed within a pier cap (100), characterized in that, Also includes: An adjustable laser emitting module is installed inside the housing (1) to generate air pressure and emit a laser beam along the vertical direction of the hollow thin-walled pier; Multiple laser receivers (17) are disposed on the top of the hollow thin-walled pier for receiving the laser beam; Multiple leveling modules are installed through the bottom of the housing (1) and connected to the adjustable laser emission module to level the housing (1) in the horizontal direction by adjusting the air pressure.

2. The verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable laser emission module includes: The drive unit (2) is installed inside the housing (1); Two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms are connected to the drive component (2) for transmission; Two sets of air pressure generating components are connected to the angle adjustment mechanism, and a first laser emitter (3) is installed on the top of each set of air pressure generating components.

3. The verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism includes: The power unit is connected to the drive unit (2) and is movably connected to the bottom of the air pressure generating assembly; Two first brackets (101) are installed inside the housing (1) and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the air pressure generating assembly, and are movably connected to the outer wall of the air pressure generating assembly.

4. The verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure generating component includes: The piston rod (7) has its fixed end hinged to the power unit; The piston cylinder (8) has its outer side wall hinged to the first bracket (101), its bottom slidingly engaged with the free end of the piston rod (7), and the first laser emitter (3) mounted on its top.

5. The verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction according to claim 4, characterized in that, A vertically upward second laser emitter (24) is also installed inside the housing (1) via two second brackets (102).

6. The verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction according to claim 5, characterized in that, The leveling module includes: The leveling support (9) is installed through the bottom of the housing (1); The leveling air passage (21) is connected at one end to the leveling support (9) and at the other end to a pressure regulating control (10), which is used to control the air pressure in the leveling air passage (21). Multiple leveling air passages (21) are connected to the same pressure regulating control (10), and the pressure regulating control (10) is connected to two piston cylinders (8) through a compressed air passage (20).

7. The verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes: a dirt-proof frame (11) that covers the light outlet of the housing (1), and the light outlet is provided with a first light-transmitting plate (1101).

8. The verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction according to claim 7, characterized in that, The device further includes a cleaning module for cleaning the first light-transmitting plate (1101); the cleaning module includes: The cleaning actuator (13) is slidably disposed outside the light outlet and abuts against the first light-transmitting plate (1101); Two slides (12) are provided on both sides of the anti-fouling frame (11), and each slide (12) is provided with an elastic airbag (15). The gas storage chamber (14) is connected to the pressure regulating control (10) and the elastic airbag (15), respectively.

9. A method for monitoring the verticality of hollow thin-walled pier construction, implemented using the verticality monitoring device for hollow thin-walled pier construction as described in claims 1-8, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: The housing (1) is fixedly installed inside the support (100), and the horizontal leveling of the housing (1) is completed by the leveling module; Multiple laser receivers (17) are arranged at preset points on the top of the hollow thin-walled pier; The adjustable laser emission module is activated to emit a laser beam along the vertical direction of the hollow thin-walled pier; The laser beam is received by the laser receiver (17), and the verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier is determined based on the irradiation point of the laser beam on the laser receiver (17), thus completing the verticality construction monitoring.

10. The method for monitoring the verticality of hollow thin-walled pier construction according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of emitting a laser beam along the vertical direction of the hollow thin-walled pier includes: Two sets of first laser emitters (3) emit laser beams parallel to the corresponding hollow thin-walled pier surface to cover one side of the hollow thin-walled pier monitoring surface; A vertically upward reference laser beam is emitted through the second laser emitter (24) to establish a vertical reference line; The laser receiver (17) simultaneously collects the light spots of multiple laser beams and compares them with the baseline to monitor the verticality of the hollow thin-walled pier.

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