A method for determining the properties of soil for use in brewing wastewater irrigation

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil physical and chemical property testing, and discloses a soil performance determination method for wine wastewater irrigation, which comprises the following steps: applying wine wastewater to initial soil with layered balance and alternately irrigating to collect vertical columnar samples; scanning to determine initial average dry bulk densities of each layer; transversely dividing and cutting and stripping by using a ring-shaped cutter to reserve central column core soil; determining actual axial shear bulk densities and original concentrations of components; and calibrating the original concentrations by using the initial average dry bulk densities and the actual axial shear bulk densities to determine a component vertical migration gradient. The application eliminates soil body deformation deviation caused by mechanical disturbance by using the initial average dry bulk densities and the actual axial shear bulk densities, blocks ion rearrangement caused by pore water pressure gradient, removes false positive penetration frontiers of cross sections, and improves gradient determination fidelity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for determining soil properties for irrigation with brewing wastewater, belonging to the field of soil physicochemical property testing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the mainstream method for analyzing the migration behavior of soluble substances with fluids involves collecting undisturbed porous media samples and obtaining discrete sub-samples by lateral segmentation at equal intervals, followed by determining the spatial gradient distribution of specific components at different depths. The common practice is to obtain columnar porous media cores through in-situ drilling and then use a slicer to cut the samples axially into layers to provide multi-level discrete samples for individual analysis of specific component contents at different depths. However, in actual measurement conditions involving high hydraulic loading and high-concentration multi-component liquid infiltration, the inherent heterogeneous elastic-plastic porous nature of soil often leads to the neglect of the mechanical disturbance induced by the slicer within the material in traditional segmentation methods. The physical and chemical secondary deviations caused by the movement of the slicing tool to the true distribution of components result in the sample being subjected to the combined pressure of local mechanical shear strain and axial compressive stress when the slicing tool penetrates the sample laterally. This causes nonlinear volume compression of the sample's internal bulk density and porous structure, leading to the instantaneous formation of an ultrastatic pore water pressure gradient within the segmented section. This drives the highly mobile solutes accumulated in the pores to undergo directional displacement and capillary rearrangement with the fluid. At the same time, the slicing tool generates an interface wiping effect when continuously cutting cross-sections of different concentration layers, which easily entrains high-concentration substances in the boundary region and extends them along the slicing tool's movement trajectory and the tube wall surface. This results in the presence of non-true characteristic component penetration fronts at the edges of the sub-samples.

[0003] To mitigate cross-sectional deviations caused by cutting, traditional linear improvement approaches typically attempt to reduce the thickness of the cutting tool or freeze-fix the entire sample before slicing. However, reducing the cutting tool thickness cannot block the inherent superstatic hydraulic mass transfer of non-rigid media under volume shear, while freeze-fixation, due to liquid phase change and volume expansion, generates ice crystals and salt removal at the level of fine pore channels, causing a strong redistribution of water and solute to the unfrozen area, resulting in more severe damage to the concentration space structure. In addition to structural improvements targeting the morphology of in-situ components such as layered slices, some technologies have also sought breakthroughs at the level of non-destructive testing methods such as non-contact X-ray scanning. For example, the authorization announcement number CN10... Chinese invention patent 5738251B discloses a device and method for testing the bulk density of a soil column profile using continuous field scanning with X-rays. It uses continuous scanning with dual-level gamma rays to calculate the initial bulk density of the soil. However, the underlying objective properties of this scheme are based on a static ideal soil model. When faced with actual working conditions of high hydraulic load and high concentration of multi-component liquid phase infiltration, there is a fundamental mismatch. This scan can only obtain the initial physical properties before slicing. When faced with the volume shear compression and excess pore water pressure mass transfer caused by subsequent destructive cutting, it lacks an image compensation channel to perform reverse flux calibration of physical deformation parameters to chemical concentration gradient. It cannot eliminate false positive infiltration fronts in the cross section and reduces the fidelity of component gradient measurement.

[0004] Therefore, how to eliminate the interface wiping artifacts generated during the physical segmentation process, suppress the spatial rearrangement of pore fluid caused by transient shear stress, and establish an accurate imaging channel for calibrating the physical deformation of porous media to the chemical concentration gradient has become the technical problem to be solved by this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the background art, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for determining soil properties for irrigation with brewing wastewater, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Determine the initial soil moisture content, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and salinity. Step S2: Lay the initial soil in layers according to depth, plant the target plants and spray water, and let it stand to balance. Step S3: Apply brewing wastewater and alternately apply diffused balanced irrigation and excessive deep leaching irrigation to the initial soil after equilibration, and collect vertical columnar samples; Step S4: Use a gamma ray densitometer to scan along the axial direction of the vertical columnar sample to obtain the initial average dry bulk density of each layer. Step S5: Horizontally divide the vertical columnar sample to obtain multiple sub-soil samples of the same thickness. Within 10 seconds after the division is completed, use a ring cutter with an outer cutting edge to tangentially peel off the concentric circumference of each sub-soil sample, remove the edge zone, and retain the central column core soil. Step S6: Within 10 seconds after the stripping is completed, weigh the wet weight of the core soil and determine the actual geometric volume, and calculate the actual axial shear density of the core soil. Step S7: Dry the core soil at 105℃ to constant weight, and determine the original measured concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate and sodium adsorption ratio in the dried core soil; multiply the original measured concentrations by the initial average dry bulk density, and then divide by the actual axial shear bulk density to obtain the calibrated concentrations of each layer. Step S8: Compare the calibrated concentrations of each layer to obtain the vertical migration gradients of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate, and sodium adsorption ratios.

[0006] Preferably, in step S5, the concentric tangential stripping of each sub-soil sample includes the following sub-steps: step S51, adjusting the axial position of the annular cutter according to the concentric circumferential interface of the sub-soil sample; step S52, advancing the annular cutter axially to cut off and remove the edge band.

[0007] Preferably, in step S3, the total axial length of the vertical columnar sample is 100cm; in step S5, the spacing of the transverse division is 10cm to obtain 10 sub-soil samples with different strata.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, before applying brewing wastewater, the initial soil is subjected to alternating irrigation simulation, with each irrigation amount being 50 mm and the irrigation cycle being 7 days. After 5 consecutive irrigation cycles, vertical columnar samples are collected.

[0009] Preferably, in step S7, when drying the core soil, the core soil is placed in an oven at a temperature of 105°C and dried to a constant weight.

[0010] Preferably, in step S7, determining the original measured concentration includes: determining the original measured concentration of total nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method; determining the original measured concentration of total phosphorus using the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method; determining the original measured concentration of sulfate using the barium sulfate turbidimetric method; and determining the sodium ion concentration in the sodium adsorption ratio using the flame brightness method.

[0011] Preferably, after step S8, the following steps are also included: Step S81, establishing a vertical distribution gradient based on the calibrated concentration of each layer to extrapolate the infiltration duration of the soil protective barrier, and outputting the infiltration duration parameters of the corresponding vertical columnar sample.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the physicochemical components measured also include electrical conductivity and pH value; in step S7, the original measured concentrations of electrical conductivity and pH value are calibrated to obtain physicochemical index data characterizing soil salinization and acidification in the brewing wastewater irrigation area.

[0013] Preferably, after step S8, the following steps are also included: Step S82, the calibrated concentration of each stratum is compared with the corresponding water content, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and salinity of the initial soil measured in step S1. When the calibrated concentration is greater than the corresponding measured value in step S1, an over-limit warning signal is output for the corresponding stratum.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In the soil performance determination of brewing wastewater irrigation, a test system covering conventional pollution-carrying and extreme leaching conditions was constructed by linking the baseline physicochemical properties determination of the initial undisturbed soil with dual-track differentiated irrigation simulation. On this basis, by combining columnar equally spaced segmented sampling with vertical gradient physicochemical determination, and using the static background value as the reference origin, a multi-dimensional index correlation channel that runs through the entire water transport cycle is formed. This changes the limitation of traditional physical simulation that relies solely on external containers for extensive single-type observation. It shows that the saturated adsorption capacity, retention boundary, and mass transfer resistance of nutrients at different depths exhibit a spatiotemporal dynamic distribution law that evolves continuously with time and space, providing data for accurately defining soil hydraulic mass transfer.

[0015] 2. Before the fine transverse segmentation, the initial average dry unit weight of the undisturbed soil at each depth layer is read by non-destructive scanning along the axial direction of the columnar sample to establish the initial physical property benchmark of the porous medium before slicing. This parameter is intertwined with the actual shear unit weight calculated by weighing after segmentation to construct a physical deformation matrix that reflects the soil compression and density changes caused by mechanical disturbance. This overcomes the systematic deviation of soil as a heterogeneous elastoplastic medium undergoing nonlinear destruction of local pores when subjected to cutting, and blocks the non-transient capillary rearrangement caused by the superstatic pore water pressure gradient induced by this on highly mobile characteristic ions, so that the physicochemical analysis is based on the in-situ true state excluding the interference of physical deformation.

[0016] 3. Within 10 seconds after the transverse segmentation is completed, a ring cutter with a specific radial width is used to perform concentric radial stripping on the soil sample, removing the edge ring soil disturbed by friction from the inner wall of the sampler, and retaining the central core soil as the sample to be tested. This process, through rigid isolation of spatial blocking means, removes the false positive penetration front left on the cross-section when the cutter is dragged by frictional resistance. Combined with strict closed-loop control of the stripping time limit, it curbs the situation where uncontrolled evaporation loss of water caused by the exposure of the cut surface, provides a physical boundary for locking the actual shear density of the segmentation transient, prevents the interface cross-contamination caused by the extension and smearing of macromolecular organic colloids on the edge of the cross-section, and establishes the component purity of the central core of the layered sample. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for determining soil properties for irrigation with brewing wastewater according to the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the system hardware architecture for soil performance measurement according to the present invention.

[0018] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] A method for determining soil properties for irrigation with brewing wastewater includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine the initial soil moisture content, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and salinity. Step S2: Lay the initial soil in layers according to depth, plant the target plants and spray water, and let it stand to balance. Step S3: Apply brewing wastewater and alternately apply diffused balanced irrigation and excessive deep leaching irrigation to the initial soil after equilibration, and collect vertical columnar samples; Step S4: Use a gamma ray densitometer to scan along the axial direction of the vertical columnar sample to obtain the initial average dry bulk density of each layer. Step S5: Horizontally divide the vertical columnar sample to obtain multiple sub-soil samples of the same thickness. Within 10 seconds after the division is completed, use a ring cutter with an outer cutting edge to tangentially peel off the concentric circumference of each sub-soil sample, remove the edge zone, and retain the central column core soil. Step S6: Within 10 seconds after the stripping is completed, weigh the wet weight of the core soil and determine the actual geometric volume, and calculate the actual axial shear density of the core soil. Step S7: Dry the core soil at 105℃ to constant weight, and determine the original measured concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate and sodium adsorption ratio in the dried core soil; multiply the original measured concentrations by the initial average dry bulk density, and then divide by the actual axial shear bulk density to obtain the calibrated concentrations of each layer. Step S8: Compare the calibrated concentrations of each layer to obtain the vertical migration gradients of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate, and sodium adsorption ratios.

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, the concentric tangential stripping of each sub-soil sample includes the following sub-steps: step S51, adjusting the axial position of the annular cutter according to the concentric circumferential interface of the sub-soil sample; step S52, advancing the annular cutter axially to cut off and remove the edge band.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, the total axial length of the vertical columnar sample is 100cm; in step S5, the spacing of the transverse division is 10cm to obtain 10 sub-soil samples with different strata.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, before applying brewing wastewater, the initial soil is subjected to alternating irrigation simulation, with each irrigation amount being 50 mm and the irrigation cycle being 7 days. After 5 consecutive irrigation cycles, vertical columnar samples are collected.

[0024] Preferably, in step S7, when drying the core soil, the core soil is placed in an oven at a temperature of 105°C and dried to a constant weight.

[0025] Preferably, in step S7, determining the original measured concentration includes: determining the original measured concentration of total nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method; determining the original measured concentration of total phosphorus using the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method; determining the original measured concentration of sulfate using the barium sulfate turbidimetric method; and determining the sodium ion concentration in the sodium adsorption ratio using the flame brightness method.

[0026] Preferably, after step S8, the following steps are also included: Step S81, establishing a vertical distribution gradient based on the calibrated concentration of each layer to extrapolate the infiltration duration of the soil protective barrier, and outputting the infiltration duration parameters of the corresponding vertical columnar sample.

[0027] Preferably, in step S1, the physicochemical components measured also include electrical conductivity and pH value; in step S7, the original measured concentrations of electrical conductivity and pH value are calibrated to obtain physicochemical index data characterizing soil salinization and acidification in the brewing wastewater irrigation area.

[0028] Preferably, after step S8, the following steps are also included: Step S82, the calibrated concentration of each stratum is compared with the corresponding water content, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and salinity of the initial soil measured in step S1. When the calibrated concentration is greater than the corresponding measured value in step S1, an over-limit warning signal is output for the corresponding stratum.

[0029] Example 1: When the system is used to irrigate forests or farmland with wastewater from liquor brewing, the soil, being a heterogeneous elastoplastic medium with a porous structure, experiences mechanical shear strain and axial compressive stress during vertical columnar sampling and subsequent lateral mechanical segmentation, causing damage to local bulk density and porous structure. This instantaneously induces a localized excess pore water pressure gradient within the soil sample, generating axial and radial wiping effects. This causes highly mobile characteristic ions from the brewing wastewater to undergo capillary rearrangement and directional fluid transport at the stratification interface, resulting in distorted characteristic components remaining at the edges of the stratified samples. The infiltration front leads to distortion in the detection results of spatial gradient distribution of specific components in different depth layers when measured individually. The test group using the method of this invention, when handling the above-mentioned conditions, measured the initial soil moisture content, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and salinity. The initial soil was then restored according to the actual geographical stratification depth, and native plant seeds or seedlings of the target area were planted on the surface of the initial soil. Initial moisture was evenly sprayed and allowed to equilibrate. Based on this, the equilibrated initial soil was alternately irrigated with diffuse equilibration and excessive deep leaching irrigation, with each irrigation amount being 50 mm. The irrigation cycle was 7 days. After 5 consecutive irrigation cycles, vertical columnar samples of the test soil were collected using a thin-walled soil core sampler. The total axial length of the vertical columnar samples was 100 cm. Specifically, the differential simulation between diffuse balance irrigation and excessive deep leaching irrigation was achieved by precisely controlling the infiltration hydraulic load. In diffuse balance irrigation, the hydraulic load was controlled within the field capacity of the current unsaturated soil layer. Its single irrigation rate was less than the initial stable infiltration rate of the soil, so that the water entering the soil was mainly governed by capillary tension and was in an unsaturated diffuse balance state. The experiment simulates the boundary between nutrient retention and evaporation water consumption under normal operation. The hydraulic load of excessive deep leaching irrigation is set to an extreme load exceeding the soil's saturation water holding capacity. Continuous high-head water supply rapidly brings the surface soil to and maintains full saturation, utilizing strong gravitational potential to drive characteristic components to overcome adsorption barriers and migrate to deeper layers. This process comprehensively exposes the fluid transport behavior of porous media under both normal contamination-carrying and extreme leaching conditions during alternating operation. Before transversely cutting the vertical columnar sample, a gamma-ray densitometer is used to scan along the axial direction of the vertical columnar sample to obtain the corresponding layer positions. Initial average dry unit weight of undisturbed soil The collected vertical columnar samples were transversely cut at 10cm intervals to obtain 10 sub-soil samples with different strata. Within 10 seconds after the cutting was completed, each sub-soil sample was tangentially peeled off concentrically using a ring cutter with an outer cutting edge. The axial position of the ring cutter was adjusted according to the concentric circumferential interface of the sub-soil sample, and the ring cutter was advanced axially to cut off and remove the edge zone disturbed by friction between the cutter and the inner wall of the sampler, retaining the central core soil. Within 10 seconds after the peeling was completed, the wet weight of the central core soil was weighed and the actual geometric volume was determined. The actual axial shear density of the central core soil was calculated. It is used to quantitatively characterize the degree of soil compression and boundary displacement caused by mechanical disturbance.

[0030] The core soil of the central column was dried in an oven at 105℃ to constant weight. The original measured concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sulfate were determined using the Kjeldahl method, the molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and the sodium ion concentration in the sodium adsorption ratio were determined using the barium sulfate turbidimetric method. The original measured concentration of the sodium adsorption ratio was also obtained. The original measured concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate, and sodium adsorption ratio were uniformly characterized as follows: The original measured concentration Multiply by the initial average dry bulk density of the corresponding stratum. Then divide by the actual axial shear density of the corresponding layer. Obtain the calibrated concentrations of each stratum. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ,in, The concentrations of characteristic chemical components in each layer were calibrated. The original measured concentrations of characteristic chemical components at each stratum are provided. The initial average dry unit weight of the undisturbed soil at the corresponding stratum is given. The subscript represents the actual axial shear unit weight of the core soil at the center of the corresponding layer. For layered indexing, specifically, the formula introduces the ratio of the initial average dry unit weight of the undisturbed soil to the actual axial shear unit weight of the core soil. The underlying physical mechanism lies in counteracting the distortion of pore fluid convection mass transfer caused by mechanical shearing and axial compression. When the soil is physically compressed to a shear unit weight greater than the initial average dry unit weight, the soil pore volume shrinks nonlinearly, triggering transient excess pore water pressure. This causes the pore fluid rich in brewing wastewater characteristic components to migrate to the outer edge or adjacent low-pressure layers, resulting in a decrease in the absolute mass of solute remaining on the dry soil skeleton of the current layer, leading to a negative deviation in the original measured concentration after drying. If there is local relaxation, it will attract liquid accumulation, leading to artificially high measured values. Therefore, by multiplying by the ratio of the two, the volume heterogeneity ratio is actually used as a scalar weight to reversely restore the pore hydration volume and solid-liquid ratio of the porous medium in its undisturbed state. This remaps the displaced solute mass flux after compression back to the original dry soil mass benchmark, ensuring the conservation of total solute mass at the physical macroscopic level after calibration. The data processing and calibration control terminal calibrates the pH parameters based on the principle of conservation of hydrogen ion activity in the solution and the nonlinear compressibility volume mapping theory of soil. The initial hydrogen ion activity is restored using logarithmic inverse transformation. The calibration activity was obtained by correcting the ratio of the initial average dry bulk density to the actual axial shear bulk density. The calibration pH value is output through negative logarithmic calculation. ;in, and This is a dimensionless parameter, with a value range of 0 to 14; and Values ​​greater than 0; initial average dry bulk density Compared with actual axial shear density The unit is grams per cubic centimeter, with a value greater than 0. The conductivity parameter is calibrated based on Archie's law for porous media and the nonlinear compressibility mapping theory of pore structure tortuosity; the data processing module obtains the measured conductivity value. According to the formula Obtain calibration conductivity value ;in, and The unit is Siemens per meter, and the value is greater than 0. and The constraints are completely consistent with the pH calibration.

[0031] Compare the calibrated concentrations of each stratum. The vertical migration gradients of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate, and sodium adsorption ratios were obtained, and a vertical distribution surface was constructed based on the calibrated concentrations of each stratum to extrapolate the infiltration duration penetrating the soil protective barrier. The infiltration duration parameters for the corresponding vertical columnar samples were output. Specifically, the infiltration duration extrapolation was based on a mass transfer model established using a one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation. The calibrated concentrations corresponding to stratum indices at different depths were used as spatial boundary conditions. Combined with pre-determined initial soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and gravity infiltration flux, the cumulative flux of characteristic components reaching a specific protective depth was calculated. The calibration at the infiltration front was then used to determine the infiltration duration. When the concentration reaches the preset groundwater safety threshold, the cumulative infiltration volume corresponding to this frontal zone, divided by the average daily irrigation load, can be converted into the time required to pass through the soil protective barrier at this depth. This is expressed as an infiltration duration parameter in days or hours, reflecting the vertical penetration rate of characteristic ions driven by both gravity and concentration gradient. The convection dispersion data correction loop extrapolates the infiltration duration based on the one-dimensional saturated porous medium solute transport convection dispersion control equation. The operation steps are as follows: Input the calibration concentration data for each layer, and obtain the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient of the characteristic components through inversion fitting. With average pore velocity Input target protection depth The cumulative flux of characteristic components reaching the target protection depth is determined by the convection dispersion analytical equation; when the concentration at the infiltration front reaches the preset groundwater safety critical concentration threshold, the infiltration duration parameters are output using a linear combination analytical formula including hydrodynamic driving terms and dispersion correction terms. : Among them, protection depth Values ​​greater than 0; average pore velocity Values ​​greater than 0; hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient Values ​​greater than 0; dispersion correction constant The value ranges from 0.1 to 0.5; infiltration duration parameter The value is greater than 0, at which point the initial average dry bulk density is... Compared with actual axial shear density The ratio of the two values ​​is used as a calibration factor to establish a calibration mapping from physical deformation to chemical concentration gradient. Spatially, it blocks the physical wiping interference of the edge zone and eliminates false positive permeation fronts in the cross section, thus eliminating measurement deviations caused by uncontrolled evaporation loss of water, fluid directional displacement, and local density distortion. The permeation front curve determined in this way changes significantly when it exceeds the preset critical threshold, thereby realizing the quantitative calibration of the chemical concentration gradient by the physical deformation of porous media.

[0032] Example 2: When the overall condition is faced with the continuous application of brewing wastewater containing organic matter and inorganic salts to a porous media profile, there are electrical conductivity interferences within the soil and edge physical wiping deviations caused by mechanical lateral segmentation. To determine the vertical migration trajectory of characteristic components and provide an in-situ mass transfer verification environment independent of external containers, an experimental platform containing a porous media profile was established at the test site. The experimental platform includes a gamma ray densitometer with a measurement accuracy of 0.01 g / cm³ and a scanning resolution of 2 mm, and a constant temperature drying device with a temperature control accuracy within 0.5℃, used to record the mass transfer state of characteristic chemical components after eliminating external interference. During the operation of the above experimental platform, the shear peeling time between the completion of lateral segmentation and concentric circumferential tangential peeling was recorded. The settings are controlled by relative humidity, initial matrix absorbance of the sample soil, and exposed area of ​​the stratified section, while the shear stripping time limit... Determining the numerical value requires balancing the interdependent engineering problem of moisture capillary transport and evaporation loss with the speed of manual stripping operations. The criterion is that when the relative humidity of the ambient air is below 45% and the adsorption potential of the sample soil matrix is ​​greater than the preset adsorption potential load, in order to reduce moisture loss from the exposed section and control the polarization rearrangement of characteristic ions due to fluid directional aggregation, the shear stripping time limit is set. The numerical setting tends to be shortened, thus reducing the shearing and peeling time limit under corresponding typical working conditions. A 10-second threshold was set as the fixed closure control threshold for cutting off and eliminating the disturbed edge band. To test stability across the entire response domain, the test platform divided the samples into the present invention sample group, the control group, the partially missing control group, and the out-of-range control group. Random Gaussian interferences of 5% to 12% of the initial concentration were actively superimposed on the irrigation fluid to simulate electrochemical bias. Simultaneously, three characteristic component loading gradients (low, medium, and high) with total nitrogen concentrations of 152.3 mg / L, 348.5 mg / L, and 751.2 mg / L were established to represent the characteristic ion migration characteristics under different pollution levels. Under the medium loading gradient of 348.5 mg / L total nitrogen concentration, the control group did not have its outer edge band cleared; the original measured total nitrogen concentration at a depth of 30 cm was... The result showed a value of 482.6 mg / kg, which includes surface mass transfer artifacts caused by cutter friction. The partial loss control group had its outer edge strip removed without bulk density correction applied; its original total nitrogen concentration measured at a depth of 30 cm was... The concentration was 412.3 mg / kg. However, due to the lack of a calibration factor for density variations caused by concentric layer compression, the measurement bias caused by compressive stress could not be eliminated. Furthermore, the sample group of this invention exhibited a high shear-peeling time limit. To remove the disturbed edge zone and retain the central core soil within 10 seconds, the initial average dry unit weight of this layer was measured using a gamma-ray densitometer. The actual axial shear density of the core soil in the central column was measured to be 1.24 g / cm³. The original measured concentration of total nitrogen was 1.41 g / cm³. It is 415.7 mg / kg, according to the formula Calculate and output the calibrated concentration It is 365.6 mg / kg, of which, The total nitrogen calibration concentration for the corresponding layer. The original measured concentration of total nitrogen in the corresponding layer. The initial average dry unit weight of the undisturbed soil at the corresponding layer is given. The actual axial shear unit weight of the core soil at the corresponding stratum is given. The value of this calibrated concentration decreases monotonically with depth, eliminating the 12.1% false positive permeability front error caused by mechanical compressive stress.

[0033] In the out-of-range control group, when the shearing and peeling time limit was... When the setting is extended to 25 seconds, the continuous moisture loss of the exposed section leads to an increase in the actual axial shear unit weight of the core soil in the central column. The total nitrogen concentration was increased to 1.58 g / cm³, and after calculation using the formula ratio, the output total nitrogen calibration concentration dropped to 326.4 mg / kg, resulting in a low deviation from the law of mass transfer conservation of solute. This performance inflection point confirms that the water evaporation rate and the capillary transport rate of surface characteristic ions exhibit a nonlinear acceleration characteristic over time, thus providing direct mass transfer kinetic experimental data for limiting the shear stripping time to within 10 s.

[0034] When the total nitrogen concentration in irrigation wastewater, used as the independent variable, was switched to a low load gradient of 152.3 mg / L, the measured value of the control group at a depth of 30 cm was 210.4 mg / kg, while the measured value of the sample group of this invention was... It was measured to be 1.24 g / cm³. It was measured to be 1.38 g / cm³. The initial concentration was 182.5 mg / kg, and the calibrated concentration output was 164.0 mg / kg after calibration. The measurement residual decreased from 28.3% in the control group to 1.5%. However, under a high concentration load of 751.2 mg / L, the control group exhibited a concentration inversion artifact caused by strong shear wiping, with a measured value of 985.6 mg / kg at a depth of 30 cm. In contrast, the sample from this invention, measured... It was measured to be 1.24 g / cm³. It was measured to be 1.45 g / cm³. The initial concentration was 854.2 mg / kg, and the calibrated concentration was calculated to be 730.3 mg / kg. This accurately captured the retention boundary of high-concentration electrolytes in soil pores, indicating that as the input variable concentration increases gradually, the calibrated vertical migration gradient remains monotonically convergent, ensuring that the measured values ​​meet the preset range. Through comparative analysis of the above sets of experimental data, the initial average dry bulk density... Compared with actual axial shear density The constructed mass transfer compensation pathway transforms the physical operational deviations caused by destructive lateral segmentation into offsettable scalar factors, spatially isolates the physical wiping interference of the edge zone and eliminates false positive infiltration fronts in the cross-section, enabling the measured infiltration curve to undergo a definite step-like qualitative change when it exceeds the critical threshold range. This completes the causal mapping from the deformation of porous media profile properties to the calibration of characteristic component concentrations, thereby providing intrinsic parameters that eliminate mechanical disturbance interference for soil nutrient loss and pollutant infiltration depth caused by irrigation with brewing wastewater.

[0035] Example 3: This example combines Figures 1 to 2 A method for determining soil properties used for irrigation with brewing wastewater is described, such as... Figure 1As shown, the process includes several sequentially executed steps. Step S1 involves determining the initial soil moisture content, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and salinity. Step S2 involves laying the initial soil at different depths, planting target plants, spraying water, and allowing it to settle and equilibrate. Step S3 involves applying brewing wastewater and alternately applying diffused equilibration irrigation and excessive deep leaching irrigation to the equilibrated initial soil, collecting vertical columnar samples. Step S4 involves using a gamma-ray densitometer to scan along the axial direction of the vertical columnar samples to obtain the initial average dry bulk density of each corresponding layer. Step S5 involves transversely dividing the vertical columnar samples to obtain multiple sub-soil samples of equal thickness. Within 10 seconds after the division, a ring with an external cutting edge is used to... The soil sample is tangentially peeled off from the concentric circumference of each sub-soil sample using a shaped cutter, removing the edge zone and retaining the central core soil. Step S6 involves weighing the wet weight of the central core soil and determining its actual geometric volume within 10 seconds after peeling, and calculating the actual axial shear density of the central core soil. Step S7 involves drying the central core soil at 105℃ to constant weight, measuring the original measured concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate, and sodium adsorption ratio in the dried central core soil, multiplying the original measured concentrations by the initial average dry density, and then dividing by the actual axial shear density to obtain the calibrated concentrations of each layer. Step S8 involves comparing the calibrated concentrations of each layer to obtain the vertical migration gradients of the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate, and sodium adsorption ratios.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the physical hardware architecture for performing this test operation is presented. The main components of this architecture include an outdoor simulated test field, a cutting and peeling workbench, a laboratory pretreatment center, a radiographic nondestructive testing device, and a data processing and calibration control terminal. The outdoor simulated test field is equipped with a thin-walled soil core sampler, positioning slide rails, and tilting supports, and is associated with the cutting and peeling workbench via dashed lines. The cutting and peeling workbench contains a cutting table, a columnar cutting fixture with strain gauges, an annular cutter with an external cutting edge, a propulsion drive coil, and an external temperature measurement component. The entire structure is also represented by dashed lines. Leading to the laboratory pretreatment center housing constant temperature drying equipment, the X-ray non-destructive testing device includes a gamma ray densitometer and a sensor. The sensor transmits signals unidirectionally to the processor in the data processing and calibration control terminal via a solid arrow. In addition to the integrated processor, the data processing and calibration control terminal also has a built-in memory, a data processing module, and a convection dispersion data correction circuit. The processor's input side receives signals transmitted from the external temperature measuring component in the cutting and peeling stage, while the processor's output side establishes a control pointing relationship with the propulsion drive coil in the cutting and peeling stage via a solid arrow.

[0037] Example 4: When the system faces the test condition of a heavily granulated expansive soil profile caused by high-frequency irrigation of liquor brewing wastewater, the non-uniform lattice expansion of clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite inside the porous soil medium causes spatial nonlinear variations in the mechanical shear strength and the thickness of the physically bound water film at different layers along the vertical columnar sample. During the transverse segmentation and concentric circumferential peeling of the vertical columnar sample, the lateral frictional shear force of the cutter easily induces local slicing friction and shear rheology on the surface of the soft plastic soil, resulting in water redistribution caused by the dissipation of excess pore water pressure at the outer edge of the central column core soil. At this time, if there is a lack of dynamic cutting resistance compensation based on the change of clay content and quantitative correction of the water-holding time of the boundary exposure, the actual axial shear unit weight obtained will be affected. This introduces measurement bias, thereby affecting the calibration concentration of the characteristic chemical components in the final output. It deviates from the law of mass transfer conservation in porous media due to solute convection and dispersion.

[0038] The percentage of natural clay particles smaller than 2 μm in the profile of heavily granulated expansive soil was determined, and a columnar cutting fixture with strain gauges was set up on the cutting table in an outdoor simulated test field. The cutting geometric radius of the annular cutter was adjusted according to the percentage of natural clay. Specifically, for every 5% increase in the percentage of natural clay, the cutting geometric radius of the annular cutter was expanded outward by 0.3 mm. This expansion offset the thickness of the plastic rheological layer at the cutting interface, thereby controlling the plastic deformation of the cutting shear surface to within 0.05 mm. Simultaneously, when the annular cutter with an external cutting edge was used to tangentially peel each sub-soil sample in a concentric circle, the air temperature of the exposed environment of the porous medium profile was monitored in real time, and an adaptive correction program for the peeling time limit driven by the ambient air temperature was established. When the ambient air temperature of the exposed environment was detected to rise from 20℃ to 35℃, the step current increment of the annular cutter's drive coil was controlled to adjust the shearing peeling time limit between the completion of lateral segmentation and concentric tangential peeling. The time limit for peeling was shortened from 10s to 6s to control the fluid convection and evaporation rate of the exposed cut surface. The adjustment threshold for shortening the peeling time from 10s to 6s and the rule of expanding the radius by 0.3mm for every 5% increase in mass percentage were predetermined based on porous mass transfer kinetics experiments and cutting rheological measurements of heavy clay. Since expansive clay is prone to plastic yielding under cutting shear force, it can be deduced from the cutting resistance torque fed back by the stress strain gauge that the edge rheological deformation layer thickness caused by a 5% increase in clay at the standard advance rate is exactly 0.28mm. The geometric expansion of 0.3 mm is sufficient to completely exclude the rheological disturbance layer from the edge zone for removal. Meanwhile, according to the evaporative heat and mass transfer model, when the ambient temperature increases from 20°C to 35°C, the saturated vapor pressure difference of the exposed section will increase exponentially, resulting in an increase of about 1.67 times in the uncontrolled convective evaporation rate of surface pore water. In order to ensure that the capillary migration of water and ions does not exceed the system's detection sensitivity limit, the exposure water holding time needs to be shortened to less than 6 seconds to limit the boundary conditions of mass transfer flux.

[0039] Shearing and peeling time limit After the outer edge zone is cut and removed, the actual axial shear unit weight of the remaining central core soil is... The measured variation amplitude remained stable within 0.003 g / cm³, and the calibration concentrations of characteristic chemical components in each layer were obtained by calculating the ratio formula. The false positive permeation front error caused by lattice expansion and cutting friction is eliminated; the measured vertical migration gradients of total nitrogen and total phosphorus exhibit a monotonically converging hierarchical step distribution on the spatial water-holding profile, and the output is a downfiltration duration parameter that can reflect the true mass transfer resistance of characteristic ions of brewing wastewater in soft plastic heavy clay porous media; due to the elimination of measurement bias caused by local compression and uncontrolled water dissipation, the measured downfiltration front curve shows a definite qualitative change transition characteristic when passing through the critical saturation range, achieving a clear mapping from the deformation of heterogeneous elastoplastic media to the mass transfer characteristics of solute transport.

[0040] Example 5: When the system faces the overlapping effects of initial property variations in different batches of soil samples and physical temperature drift in the sensor channels during pre-deployment calibration, due to the spatial heterogeneity of mineral components and X-ray strip counting background in different areas of the soil, the system places the cutting component in a standard air medium environment before measuring the vertical columnar sample, and collects the initial air count rate benchmark under non-absorption conditions. Untouched soil samples that were not irrigated with brewing wastewater were selected, and specific strata were obtained by longitudinal profile scanning. The original background dry bulk density calibration value is used to construct an initial reference data matrix to offset sensor zero drift and environmental background radiation fluctuations, forming an in-situ self-calibration reference point that does not depend on a specific test container, and controlling the signal baseline deviation caused by uncontrolled stress in subsequent long-term continuous measurement cycles.

[0041] When the system faces a mass transfer resistance hysteresis condition induced by long-term application of high organic load, the adaptive time limit is adjusted by the temperature gradient data within the sliding time window, and the transient operating temperature of the current stripping interface is collected by an external temperature sensing component. When the temperature rises from 20℃ to the heat dissipation range corresponding to 35℃, the shearing and peeling time limit... The time increment was reduced from 10 seconds to 6 seconds to counteract the uncontrolled dissipation of moisture at the exposed cross-section by increasing the step current response speed of the electromagnetic drive coil, thus ensuring the calibrated concentration... The dimensional homogeneity of the water evaporation flux in the porous medium is maintained, the measured vertical migration gradients of total nitrogen and total phosphorus remain in a spatially continuous and monotonically convergent state, and the solute infiltration front parameters at the bottom of the vertical column sample remain in a preset zero-point leakage safety steady state.

[0042] Example 6: When the system faces the interference of background fluctuations in radionuclides within the monitoring area and physical temperature drift of the continuous field measurement probe in the performance measurement of porous media, environmental changes along the time axis introduce uneven pulse counting bias at the source of the measurement signal. Furthermore, baseline count rate deviation occurs in the high-moisture plastic deformation section after transverse mechanical segmentation, leading to errors in the utilization of the initial average dry bulk density. Numerical dimension conflicts and data link breaks occur when calculating the deformation characteristic matrix, causing the spatial evolution trajectory of the vertical migration gradient of characteristic chemical components to deviate on the spatial water-holding profile.

[0043] A gamma-ray densitometer was slid along an air path without soil samples. The air background counting sampling window was set to a length of 512 data points. The initial air count rate baseline was obtained based on the air radiation intensity within the sampling window. Furthermore, the thin-walled soil core sampler was locked onto the positioning slide rail on the inclined support, and the gamma-ray densitometer was moved along the axial line of the vertical columnar sample with a spatial axial displacement step of 2 mm. The pulse discrete count within the stratification plane was accumulated, and the flow variation coefficient of the pulse signal within the sampling window was monitored simultaneously. When the flow variation coefficient When the value exceeds 5%, the sampling frequency of the control sensor is changed from 100kHz to 250kHz to reduce the transient high-frequency counting disturbance value caused by the porous heterogeneity of the soil, thus reducing the initial average dry unit weight of the undisturbed soil. The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, For layered levels The initial average dry unit weight of the undisturbed soil. The mass absorption coefficient of the porous medium. The geometric diameter of the vertical columnar specimen. As the initial air count rate benchmark, For layered levels Actual radiation count rate measurement, subscript This is a hierarchical index.

[0044] The obtained initial air count rate benchmark Measurement values ​​of X-ray count rate at each layer The physical quantity baseline is stored in the processor's built-in memory, forming a comparative analytical matrix that eliminates interference from overlapping on-site temperatures, and the initial average dry bulk density obtained from the solution is also stored in the processor's built-in memory. Transmitted to the data processing module and compared with the actual axial shear unit weight of the core soil in the central column and the original measured concentration of the components A common input convection dispersion data correction loop is used to establish a counterbalancing compensation operator between deformation characteristic data and pore water transport in porous media. The pore fluid rearrangement deviation caused by the lateral mechanical segmentation friction torque within the sub-soil sample section is corrected and eliminated within the data correction loop, and the calibrated concentration is calculated and output. It exhibits a monotonically convergent distribution on the water-holding boundary section of the porous medium.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining soil properties for irrigation with brewing wastewater, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine the initial soil moisture content, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and salinity. Step S2: Lay the initial soil in layers according to depth, plant the target plants and spray water, and let it stand to balance. Step S3: Apply brewing wastewater and alternately apply diffused balanced irrigation and excessive deep leaching irrigation to the initial soil after equilibration, and collect vertical columnar samples; Step S4: Use a gamma ray densitometer to scan along the axial direction of the vertical columnar sample to obtain the initial average dry bulk density of each layer. Step S5: Horizontally divide the vertical columnar sample to obtain multiple sub-soil samples of the same thickness. Within 10 seconds after the division is completed, use a ring cutter with an outer cutting edge to tangentially peel off the concentric circumference of each sub-soil sample, remove the edge zone, and retain the central column core soil. Step S6: Within 10 seconds after the stripping is completed, weigh the wet weight of the core soil and determine the actual geometric volume, and calculate the actual axial shear density of the core soil. Step S7: Dry the core soil at 105℃ to constant weight, and determine the original measured concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate and sodium adsorption ratio in the dried core soil; multiply the original measured concentrations by the initial average dry bulk density, and then divide by the actual axial shear bulk density to obtain the calibrated concentrations of each layer. Step S8: Compare the calibrated concentrations of each layer to obtain the vertical migration gradients of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulfate, and sodium adsorption ratios.

2. The method for determining soil properties for irrigation of brewing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the concentric tangential stripping of each sub-soil sample includes the following sub-steps: Step S51, adjust the axial position of the annular cutter according to the concentric circumferential interface of the sub-soil sample; Step S52, advance the annular cutter axially to cut off and remove the edge band.

3. The method for determining soil properties for irrigation of brewing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the total axial length of the vertical columnar sample is 100cm; in step S5, the spacing of the transverse division is 10cm to obtain 10 sub-soil samples with different strata.

4. The method for determining soil properties for irrigation of brewing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, before applying brewing wastewater, an alternating irrigation simulation is performed on the initial soil. Each irrigation is 50 mm long and the irrigation cycle is 7 days. After 5 consecutive irrigation cycles, vertical columnar samples are collected.

5. The method for determining soil properties for irrigation of brewing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, when drying the core soil, the core soil is placed in an oven at 105°C and dried to constant weight.

6. The method for determining soil properties for irrigation of brewing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, the determination of the original measured concentration includes: determining the original measured concentration of total nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method; determining the original measured concentration of total phosphorus using the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method; determining the original measured concentration of sulfate using the barium sulfate turbidimetric method; and determining the sodium ion concentration in the sodium adsorption ratio using the flame brightness method.

7. The method for determining soil properties for irrigation of brewing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S8, the following steps are also included: Step S81, establish a vertical distribution gradient based on the calibrated concentration of each layer to estimate the infiltration time of penetrating the soil protective barrier, and output the infiltration time parameters of the corresponding vertical columnar sample.

8. The method for determining soil properties for irrigation of brewing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the physicochemical components measured also include electrical conductivity and pH value; in step S7, the original measured concentrations of electrical conductivity and pH value are calibrated to obtain physicochemical index data characterizing soil salinization and acidification in the brewing wastewater irrigation area.

9. The method for determining soil properties for irrigation of brewing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S8, the following steps are also included: Step S82, the calibrated concentration of each stratum is compared with the corresponding water content, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and salinity of the initial soil measured in step S1. When the calibrated concentration is greater than the corresponding measured value in step S1, an over-limit warning signal is output for the corresponding stratum.

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