Preparation method of anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of paint composition, and particularly relates to a preparation method of anti-laser-damage inorganic paint suitable for high-end equipment, which comprises the following steps: determining a thermal coupling difference amount of a surface layer according to the difference between the particle size distribution deviation, the sedimentation rate deviation and the surface layer spreading undulation amount of each detection area of the surface layer, determining a thickness direction thermal resistance imbalance amount in combination with the difference between the thickness, the porosity and the heat transfer parameter of each layer corresponding to the same detection area, determining a comprehensive thermal shock instability amount in combination with the size of the crack density, the residual stress and the interface adhesion parameter attenuation amount of each layer corresponding to the same detection area, and reversely adjusting the preparation parameters to complete the preparation of the anti-laser-damage inorganic paint. The present application can identify the local hot spot damage and the thermal shock peeling risk in the preparation stage by judging the intermediate state of the coating processing process, and reversely adjusts the preparation parameters to optimize the preparation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coating composition technology, and specifically to a method for preparing an inorganic coating for preventing laser damage to high-end equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Current inorganic coatings for laser damage protection applied to the surfaces of high-end equipment typically consist of ceramic powders, thermally insulating fillers, inorganic binders, and reinforcing components. These are formed into a slurry through ball milling or high-speed dispersion, then coated by spraying, scraping, or brushing to create a film. After drying, curing, or heat treatment, a protective layer is formed. The overall goal of these solutions is to create a coating on the equipment surface that possesses high-temperature resistance, ablation resistance, and adhesion stability, thereby mitigating heat transfer and reducing the risk of substrate damage under laser irradiation.

[0003] Existing problems: Current preparation methods often focus on which high-temperature resistant, heat-insulating, or reinforcing components are added to the coating formulation, and verify the final effect through laser irradiation experiments on a small number of samples. However, in actual component processing, the laser-resistant performance of the coating is constrained by the actual physical state formed during the preparation steps. For example, insufficient dispersion of the slurry can lead to particle agglomeration and sedimentation segregation, resulting in uneven distribution of surface components; spreading undulations, sagging, craters, and thickness differences during coating can alter the heat transfer path in the thickness direction; inconsistent shrinkage during drying and heat treatment can further introduce microcracks, residual stress, and weakened interfacial regions. These problems exist even before laser irradiation and directly determine the formation of local hot spots, the rate of heat transfer, and the initiation of crack delamination after laser irradiation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for preparing an inorganic coating for preventing laser damage to high-end equipment, in order to solve existing problems.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for preparing an inorganic coating for preventing laser damage to high-end equipment, which adopts the following technical solution: One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an inorganic coating for preventing laser damage suitable for high-end equipment, the method comprising the following steps: The thickness, porosity, heat transfer parameters, crack density, residual stress, and attenuation of interfacial adhesion parameters of each test area in the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer are obtained, as well as the particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation of each test area in the surface layer. Based on the differences between the particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation amount corresponding to each detection area of ​​the surface, the surface thermal coupling difference amount corresponding to each detection area is determined. Based on the differences in thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters of the same detection area in each layer, and combined with the magnitude of the surface thermal coupling difference, the thickness direction thermal resistance measurement for each detection area is determined. Based on the magnitude of crack density, residual stress, and attenuation of interface adhesion parameters corresponding to the same detection area in each layer, and combined with the magnitude of thermal resistance loss in the thickness direction, the thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area is determined. Based on the magnitude of thermal shock instability corresponding to all detection areas, the comprehensive thermal shock instability is determined; based on the magnitude of the comprehensive thermal shock instability, the preparation parameters are adjusted in reverse to complete the preparation of the laser-damage-resistant inorganic coating.

[0006] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the surface thermal coupling difference corresponding to each detection area are as follows: The particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation amount corresponding to each detection area on the surface are used to construct the surface difference vector corresponding to each detection area. Obtain the mean vector of the surface difference vectors corresponding to all detected areas on the surface, and denote it as the surface baseline difference vector; Based on the surface reference difference vector and the surface difference vector corresponding to each detection area, the surface thermal coupling difference amount corresponding to each detection area is determined.

[0007] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the surface thermal coupling difference amount corresponding to each detection area based on the surface reference difference vector and the surface difference vector corresponding to each detection area are as follows: Calculate the average Euclidean distance between the surface difference vector and the surface reference difference vector corresponding to each detection area, and denote it as the surface thermal coupling difference amount corresponding to each detection area.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the thickness-direction thermal resistance measurement corresponding to each detection area are as follows: The structural feature vector corresponding to each detection area of ​​each layer is constructed based on the thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters. Based on the differences between the structural feature vectors corresponding to each detection region in adjacent layers, determine the transfer level performance value corresponding to each detection region; The average of the transmission level difference performance value and the surface thermal coupling difference value corresponding to each detection area is recorded as the thermal resistance measurement in the thickness direction corresponding to each detection area.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the transmission level performance value corresponding to each detection region are as follows: Calculate the absolute difference of each element of the structural feature vector corresponding to each detection region in any adjacent layer to obtain the transmission difference vector corresponding to each detection region in any adjacent layer. Obtain the mean vector of the transfer level difference vector corresponding to each detection region in all adjacent layers, and denote it as the average transfer level difference vector corresponding to each detection region; Calculate the mean of all elements in the average transfer level vector corresponding to each detection region, and denote it as the transfer level performance value corresponding to each detection region.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area are as follows: Calculate the average crack density of each detection area in the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer, and record it as the comprehensive crack density of each detection area. Calculate the average value of the attenuation of the interface adhesion parameters for each detection area in the surface layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer, and record it as the comprehensive attenuation of the interface adhesion parameters for each detection area. The residual stress difference value of each test area is determined based on the magnitude of the residual stress in each test area of ​​the surface layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer. Based on the comprehensive crack density, comprehensive interface adhesion parameter attenuation, and residual stress difference value corresponding to each detection area, determine the maximum instability characteristic value and the average instability characteristic value corresponding to each detection area. The thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area is determined based on the maximum and average instability characteristic values ​​and the thermal resistance in the thickness direction for each detection area.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the residual stress difference value corresponding to the detection area are as follows: For the residual stress corresponding to each test area of ​​the surface layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer, the mean of the absolute values ​​of the differences between any two pairs is recorded as the residual stress difference value corresponding to each test area.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the maximum instability characteristic value and the average instability characteristic value corresponding to each detection region are as follows: For each detection area, the maximum value among the comprehensive crack density, comprehensive interface adhesion parameter attenuation, and residual stress difference is obtained and recorded as the maximum instability characteristic value for each detection area. Then, the average value of the three is obtained and recorded as the average instability characteristic value for each detection area.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area based on the maximum and average instability characteristic values ​​and the thermal resistance in the thickness direction for each detection area are as follows: The product of the thickness-direction thermal resistance loss measure corresponding to each detection area and the maximum instability characteristic value is denoted as the first product; The product of the complement of the thickness direction thermal resistance loss measure corresponding to each detection area and the average instability characteristic value is denoted as the second product; The sum of the first and second products is recorded as the thermal shock instability value corresponding to each detection area.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining the comprehensive thermal shock instability amount are as follows: The average value of the thermal shock instability values ​​corresponding to all detection areas is recorded as the comprehensive thermal shock instability value.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are: In this embodiment of the invention, based on the differences in particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation among the detection areas of each surface layer, the surface thermal coupling difference for each detection area is determined. Combined with the differences in thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters among the same detection areas of each layer, the thickness-direction thermal resistance loss for each detection area is determined. Furthermore, combined with the magnitude of crack density, residual stress, and interface adhesion parameter attenuation among the same detection areas of each layer, the thermal shock instability for each detection area is determined, thus determining the comprehensive thermal shock instability. Therefore, by constructing a sequence of processing states, the surface thermal coupling difference, the thickness-direction thermal resistance loss, and the thermal shock instability, intermediate state judgments can be made during the coating processing. This eliminates the need for destructive laser irradiation of each individual product and allows for the identification of localized hotspot damage and thermal shock peeling risks during the preparation stage. Furthermore, by analyzing particle agglomeration, sedimentation segregation, uneven layer thickness, pore connectivity, crack propagation, and interface weakening within the same sequential transmission chain, it becomes possible to distinguish whether the decrease in laser protection capability primarily stems from differences in surface thermal coupling, imbalances in thermal resistance along the thickness direction, or insufficient structural retention after heat treatment. Finally, based on the amount of surface thermal coupling differences, thermal resistance imbalances along the thickness direction, and thermal shock instability at different stages, differentiated adjustments are made to dispersion, coating, and heat treatment parameters. This avoids relying solely on the final damage result for coarse adjustments, allowing process optimization to more closely reflect the actual sources of processing defects. Adjusting preparation parameters based on the comprehensive thermal shock instability is used to complete the preparation of laser-damage-resistant inorganic coatings. This integrates substrate pretreatment, slurry dispersion, film formation control, and heat treatment retention into a unified analytical framework, helping to reduce fluctuations in protective performance between different batches and different locations due to differences in processing conditions. Thus, this invention, by judging the intermediate state of the coating processing, can identify local hot spot damage and thermal shock peeling risks during the preparation stage, allowing for reverse adjustment of preparation parameters and optimization of the preparation process. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart for obtaining the comprehensive thermal shock instability. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0020] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific method for preparing an inorganic coating for laser damage prevention suitable for high-end equipment, as provided by this invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes the following steps: Step S001: Obtain the thickness, porosity, heat transfer parameters, crack density, residual stress, and attenuation of interface adhesion parameters for each detection area of ​​the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer, as well as the particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation for each detection area of ​​the surface layer.

[0022] It should be noted that existing laser-damage-resistant inorganic coatings typically control raw material composition, application thickness, and heat treatment parameters separately during preparation. However, they lack a unified analytical mechanism that establishes a relationship based on the actual physical state of the process. This makes it difficult to stably and synergistically control slurry dispersion, film thickness, and drying and curing states. As a result, the coating is prone to uneven surface particle distribution, significant local spreading undulations, unbalanced thermal resistance distribution in the thickness direction, and the coexistence of microcracks, residual stress, and weakened interface areas after heat treatment. When these defects enter the actual use stage, laser incidence will preferentially create thermal coupling differences in areas with local component segregation and poor surface continuity. Subsequently, in areas with excessively thin layers, interconnected pores, or discontinuous structures, heat will be rapidly transferred downwards, ultimately triggering thermal shock cracking and peeling at locations with existing microcracks and weakened interfaces.

[0023] It should be further explained that, in this embodiment, for this type of inorganic protective coating, it is necessary to analyze the surface distribution state, thickness structure state, and stability retention state that are gradually formed during the preparation and processing. Only by establishing a continuous relationship from processing steps to physical state, and then from physical state to failure tendency, can a stable judgment and process control of the coating's laser resistance be formed without subjecting each product to destructive laser irradiation tests. This is achieved by sequentially analyzing the substrate surface state, slurry dispersion state, film thickness state, and structural retention state after drying and curing, forming the surface thermal coupling difference, thickness-direction thermal resistance imbalance, and thermal shock instability. Based on this, the laser damage instability tendency of the coating is output, thereby allowing for the reverse adjustment of the dispersion process, coating control, and heat treatment regime. This is an inorganic coating processing method that sequentially controls the coating's thermal coupling difference, thermal resistance imbalance, and thermal shock instability around the slurry dispersion, coating film formation, drying and curing, and interface retention processes.

[0024] It should be noted that the laser-damage-resistant inorganic coating preparation method in this embodiment does not judge the quality of the coating solely based on the laser irradiation results after the part is completed. Instead, it controls the formation of key physical states sequentially during the preparation and processing. In other words, this embodiment is concerned with whether the coating has already developed potential structural instability risks under thermal shock due to local thermal coupling differences, thickness-direction thermal resistance imbalances, and other issues during the dispersion, film formation, and curing processes before it enters the use stage.

[0025] In this embodiment, basic state data during the coating process is first acquired and a processing state sequence is formed.

[0026] After cleaning, roughening, activation, or transition layer treatment of the high-end equipment substrate surface to be coated, multiple surface inspection areas are first divided according to the coating path or inspection grid on the substrate surface, and each surface inspection area is assigned an area number. Then, the roughness height value, roughness peak-to-valley difference, location of local roughness abrupt changes, and transition layer coverage status of each surface inspection area are acquired to form substrate surface adhesion data. This data is used to represent the initial adhesion conditions of the coating slurry to the substrate surface for slurry adhesion and leveling before the coating slurry enters different areas for film formation.

[0027] During the preparation of the coating slurry, the particle size distribution, proportion of agglomerated particles, sedimentation rate, and dispersion stability of the functional particles are obtained. The slurry sampling time is correlated with subsequent coating batches, and the proportion of large particles, the proportion of fine particles, and the sedimentation rate in the particle size distribution are compiled into slurry dispersion data. This data is used to indicate whether the functional particles have already agglomerated, settled, or are locally insufficiently dispersed before entering the coating area, avoiding the subsequent misinterpretation of film fluctuations as anomalies caused by the coating equipment.

[0028] During the coating process, the aforementioned surface inspection area numbering is used to obtain the surface spreading undulation (the difference in height fluctuation between the actual surface morphology of the material and the reference plane), wet film thickness, dry film thickness, and porosity distribution of each area. For multi-layer coating structures, each inspection area is further divided into surface area, intermediate layer area, and near-substrate layer area according to the layer direction, and the thickness, porosity, and interlayer continuity of each layer are recorded to form thickness-direction structural data. This data is used to indicate whether the slurry spreading state has transformed into a local weak area in the coating thickness direction.

[0029] During the drying, curing, and heat treatment processes, temperature-time curves were acquired for each batch of coatings, and the heating rate, holding time, cooling rate, and temperature deviation at each stage were recorded. A correspondence was established between the temperature-time curves and the aforementioned detection areas and layer regions to form heat treatment process data. This data is used to indicate whether the heat input received by each region during heat treatment is consistent, and whether local thickness and porosity differences may be further amplified into differences in thermal stress.

[0030] After heat treatment, the same testing areas and layers are used to obtain the crack density distribution, crack length distribution, residual stress, and attenuation of interfacial adhesion parameters (the difference between the initial value and the measured value of the coating adhesion performance parameters after coating, reflecting the decrease in interfacial adhesion) in each area. The thickness-direction structural data before heat treatment is correlated with the changes in cracks, stress, and adhesion after heat treatment to form a structural change pair before and after heat treatment. This structural change pair indicates whether the coating, after heat treatment, has evolved from localized thinness, porosity concentration, or insufficient interfacial adhesion into a risk of crack propagation, residual stress concentration, or interfacial delamination.

[0031] The collected data forms the foundation for subsequent analysis, including substrate surface adhesion data, slurry dispersion data, thickness-direction structural data, heat treatment process data, and structural changes before and after heat treatment. All of these data are based on the same substrate, the same coating area, and the same layer, enabling subsequent analysis to proceed continuously along the lines of substrate adhesion, slurry spreading, film thickness formation, heat treatment effects, and structural changes.

[0032] Thus, the thickness, porosity, heat transfer parameters, crack density, residual stress, and attenuation of interface adhesion parameters of each detection area in the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer are collected, as well as the particle size distribution deviation (the degree of dispersion between the measured particle size and the set standard particle size), sedimentation rate deviation (the degree of dispersion between the measured sedimentation rate and the set standard sedimentation rate), and surface spreading undulation amount of each detection area in the surface layer are collected.

[0033] It should be noted that the data for each dimension corresponding to each layer and each detection area are processed using min-max normalization to eliminate differences in units and unify the data measurement scale. Min-max normalization is a well-known technique, and its specific method will not be described here.

[0034] Step S002: Based on the differences between the particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation and surface spreading undulation amount corresponding to each detection area of ​​the surface, determine the surface thermal coupling difference amount corresponding to each detection area.

[0035] It should be noted that: further, laser damage prevention characteristics are constructed based on the processing state sequence. Since the protective condition of the coating is related to the sequence of instability paths formed during the coating preparation process, it is first determined whether the surface distribution has caused an initial difference in laser thermal coupling; then, it is determined whether this difference in thermal coupling continues to evolve into thermal resistance imbalance in the thickness direction; finally, it is determined whether this thermal resistance imbalance will further evolve into thermal shock structural instability under the conditions of cracks, stress, and interface retention after drying and curing.

[0036] It is further important to clarify that it is necessary to first establish the surface thermal coupling difference. During the actual coating processing, particle agglomeration, sedimentation segregation, and inconsistent surface spreading do not directly manifest as laser damage, but rather as differences in surface particle structure and surface continuity. Upon laser incidence, these differences initially alter the surface's thermal coupling state, making certain areas more susceptible to heat absorption, temperature rise, and hotspot formation. Therefore, these data need to be compiled into a dataset that directly characterizes the surface thermal coupling difference. First, particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation are extracted from the aforementioned surface distribution parameter set, and these are organized into a surface distribution difference sequence according to the corresponding relationships between surface regions. Then, based on this surface distribution difference sequence, the surface thermal coupling difference is comprehensively obtained, used to characterize whether the surface is prone to localized enhanced absorption and hotspot initiation after laser incidence. The larger the particle size distribution deviation, the larger the sedimentation rate deviation, and the more pronounced the surface spreading undulation, the greater the surface thermal coupling difference, indicating a more uneven thermal response of the surface to laser incidence.

[0037] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the surface thermal coupling difference corresponding to each detection area includes: With the surface layer Particle size distribution deviation corresponding to each detection area Settling rate deviation and surface spreading undulation , constitute the first Surface difference vector corresponding to each detection region .

[0038] Obtain the mean vector of the surface difference vectors corresponding to all detected areas on the surface, and denote it as the surface baseline difference vector. .

[0039] It should be noted that the surface thermal coupling difference can be obtained by measuring the degree of discrepancy between the surface difference vector corresponding to each detection area and the surface reference difference vector.

[0040] Calculate the first Surface difference vector corresponding to each detection region Difference vector from surface baseline The average Euclidean distance between them is denoted as the first. Surface thermal coupling difference corresponding to each detection area The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0041] It should be noted that the greater the difference in surface thermal coupling between different detection areas, the more significant the deviation of each area from the overall average state, the more uneven the initial thermal coupling after laser incidence, and the more prone to localized absorption enhancement and hotspot initiation. The value of the surface thermal coupling difference ranges from 0 to 1.

[0042] Step S003: Based on the differences in thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters between the same detection area of ​​each layer, and combined with the magnitude of the surface thermal coupling difference, determine the thickness direction thermal resistance measurement for each detection area.

[0043] It should be noted that a thickness-direction thermal resistance measurement is needed. The formation of surface thermal coupling differences does not necessarily mean the coating will immediately fail; more importantly, it depends on whether these differences continue to propagate along the thickness direction. If the layer thickness distribution, pore connectivity, and structural continuity remain good, local thermal coupling differences may still be absorbed or mitigated by subsequent structures. However, if there are significant differences in the thickness structure itself, heat is more likely to be rapidly transferred downwards along local weak paths. Therefore, what needs to be quantified is the thermal resistance imbalance caused by the continued transmission of surface differences. Combining the surface thermal coupling differences obtained above, a unified analysis is performed on the collected thickness structural parameter set, and the differences in layer thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters between multiple regions are organized into a thickness-direction difference sequence. Based on this thickness-direction difference sequence, a thickness-direction thermal resistance measurement is obtained to characterize whether the heat transfer in the coating thickness direction changes from a gradual state to a locally rapid downward transfer state. The smaller the difference in heat transfer parameters between multi-layer regions, the smoother the heat propagation in the thickness direction. Conversely, when the differences in layer thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters are amplified simultaneously, the thermal resistance in the thickness direction increases, indicating that local areas are more prone to short-circuit heat transfer.

[0044] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the thermal resistance measurement in the thickness direction corresponding to each detection area includes: The structural feature vector corresponding to each detection area of ​​each layer is constructed by using the thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters of each detection area.

[0045] For example: surface layer The structural feature vectors corresponding to each detection region are: ; Intermediate layer The structural feature vectors corresponding to each detection region are: ; near substrate layer The structural feature vectors corresponding to each detection region are: .in, , as well as They are respectively the surface layer The thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters corresponding to each detection area; , as well as The middle layer is the first The thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters corresponding to each detection area; , as well as The first layer near the substrate is respectively The thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters corresponding to each detection area.

[0046] Calculate the absolute difference of each element of the structural feature vector corresponding to each detection region in any adjacent layer to obtain the transmission level difference vector corresponding to each detection region in any adjacent layer; obtain the mean vector of the transmission level difference vectors corresponding to each detection region in all adjacent layers, and denote it as the average transmission level difference vector corresponding to each detection region.

[0047] For example: the surface layer and the intermediate layer The transfer difference vector corresponding to each detection region is: ; Intermediate layer and near-substrate layer The transfer difference vector corresponding to each detection region is: .in, It is an absolute value function.

[0048] Calculate the first The mean of all elements in the average transfer difference vector corresponding to each detection region , denoted as the Transmission level performance value corresponding to each detection area .in, , as well as The first The first, second, and third elements of the average transfer difference vector corresponding to each detection region.

[0049] It should be noted that excessive deviations in thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters between adjacent layers within the same testing area can easily lead to uneven interlayer stress and heat transfer imbalance, resulting in peeling, cracking, and reduced protective performance. The value of the transfer difference performance ranges from 0 to 1.

[0050] The first Transmission level performance value corresponding to each detection area With the Surface thermal coupling difference corresponding to each detection area mean , denoted as the Thermal resistance measurement in the thickness direction corresponding to each detection area .

[0051] It should be noted that: the larger the thermal resistance loss in the thickness direction corresponding to each detection area, the greater the structural difference between adjacent layers. Furthermore, when surface thermal coupling differences already exist, the remaining thermal resistance buffering capacity in the thickness direction is weaker, and heat is more easily and rapidly transferred downwards along local weak paths. The value of the thermal resistance loss in the thickness direction ranges from 0 to 1.

[0052] Step S004: Based on the magnitude of the crack density, residual stress, and interface adhesion parameter attenuation in the same detection area of ​​each layer, and in conjunction with the magnitude of the thermal resistance loss in the thickness direction, determine the thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area.

[0053] It should be noted that the final step is to determine the thermal shock instability value. Even if a thickness-direction thermal resistance imbalance already exists, it is still necessary to further determine whether the coating will truly evolve into structural instability during rapid heating and cooling. This is because some coatings, although having uneven thermal resistance distribution, may still maintain their overall structure if the number of microcracks is small, residual stress is fully released, and interface retention is strong. Conversely, if there is a significant crack density distribution, a large difference in residual stress, and attenuation of interface adhesion parameters after heat treatment, thermal resistance imbalance is more likely to trigger crack propagation and interface delamination. Combining the thickness-direction thermal resistance imbalance value obtained above, the retention parameter groups of each layer are analyzed, and the crack density distribution, residual stress, and attenuation of interface adhesion parameters in each layer region after heat treatment are organized into an instability sequence for each layer. Then, based on the instability sequence of each layer, the thermal shock instability value is obtained comprehensively to characterize whether the coating is prone to further evolution from local thermal resistance imbalance to crack propagation and interface delamination under rapid heating and cooling. The greater the crack density distribution, the larger the residual stress difference, and the more significant the attenuation of interfacial adhesion parameters, the higher the thermal shock instability, indicating that the coating is more prone to overall structural failure under thermal shock. Furthermore, structural instability under thermal shock is often not triggered evenly across all regions, but rather begins with cracking in the weakest stable layer and continues to propagate under the impetus of thermal resistance imbalance in the thickness direction.

[0054] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area includes: Calculate the top layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer. The average crack density corresponding to each detection area , denoted as the The comprehensive crack density corresponding to each detection area .in, , as well as These are the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer, respectively. Crack density corresponding to each detection area.

[0055] Calculate the top layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer. The average attenuation of interface adhesion parameters corresponding to each detection area , denoted as the Attenuation of comprehensive interface adhesion parameters corresponding to each detection area .in, , as well as These are the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer, respectively. The attenuation of interface adhesion parameters corresponding to each detection area.

[0056] For the surface layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer For each detection area, calculate the absolute value of the difference between any two pairs of residual stresses, and then average the absolute values ​​of all such differences. , denoted as the The residual stress difference value corresponding to each detection area .in, , as well as These are the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer, respectively. The residual stress corresponding to each detection area.

[0057] It should be noted that if the residual stress difference between all layers in the same testing area is too large, interlayer debonding, cracking, and coating peeling are likely to occur, affecting protection and structural stability.

[0058] In the The comprehensive crack density corresponding to each detection area Comprehensive interface adhesion parameter attenuation and residual stress difference value In the middle, obtain the maximum value among the three. , denoted as the The maximum instability characteristic value corresponding to each detection region Then obtain the average of the three. , denoted as the The average instability characteristic value corresponding to each detection region .in, This is the function for finding the maximum value.

[0059] Therefore, the first Thermal shock instability corresponding to each detection area The calculation formula is:

[0060] In the formula, For the first The thermal resistance loss in the thickness direction corresponding to each detection area is measured. for The complement of. For the first The first product corresponding to each detection region. For the first The second product corresponding to each detection region.

[0061] It should be noted that the greater the thermal shock instability of each detection area, the more likely the weakest stable layer is to trigger crack propagation and interface peeling, and further lead to the instability of the overall structure, when thermal resistance imbalance has already formed in the thickness direction.

[0062] Step S005: Determine the comprehensive thermal shock instability based on the magnitude of the thermal shock instability corresponding to all detection areas; adjust the preparation parameters in reverse based on the magnitude of the comprehensive thermal shock instability to complete the preparation of the laser-damage-resistant inorganic coating.

[0063] The average value of the thermal shock instability values ​​corresponding to all detection areas is recorded as the comprehensive thermal shock instability value.

[0064] The flowchart for obtaining the comprehensive thermal shock instability is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0065] It should be noted that: finally, the laser damage instability tendency of the coating is output based on the comprehensive thermal shock instability, and the preparation parameters are adjusted in reverse. The surface thermal coupling difference threshold is set to 0.3, the thickness direction thermal resistance imbalance threshold is set to 0.25, and the thermal shock instability threshold is set to 0.2, which will be used as an example for description.

[0066] If the total thermal shock instability is less than or equal to the thermal shock instability threshold, i.e., the thermal shock instability is low, it indicates that the differences in surface thermal coupling, the imbalance of thermal resistance in the thickness direction, and the degree of instability of the stable layer formed during the current preparation process are all within an acceptable range, and the risk of local hot spot damage and thermal shock spalling of the coating in subsequent use is low. If the total thermal shock instability is greater than the thermal shock instability threshold, i.e., the thermal shock instability is increased, it indicates that the continuity between the surface distribution, thickness structure, and stable layer maintenance has been disrupted, and the coating is more prone to local hot spot damage, rapid heat transfer, and crack spalling under laser action.

[0067] It should be noted that the greater the thermal shock instability, the higher the tendency for laser damage instability, and the more necessary it is to adjust the dispersion, coating, and heat treatment parameters in reverse.

[0068] When the total thermal shock instability exceeds the thermal shock instability threshold, this embodiment further adjusts the preparation parameters in reverse: The average value of the surface thermal coupling difference corresponding to all detection areas is calculated and denoted as the total surface thermal coupling difference. When the total surface thermal coupling difference exceeds the surface thermal coupling difference threshold, i.e., the surface thermal coupling difference is too high, the dispersion time, ball milling intensity, particle size distribution, and slurry stability are adjusted first. The average value of the thickness direction thermal resistance loss corresponding to all detection areas is calculated and denoted as the total thickness direction thermal resistance loss. When the total thickness direction thermal resistance loss exceeds the thickness direction thermal resistance imbalance threshold, i.e., the thickness direction thermal resistance loss is too high, the coating amount, spreading control, layer thickness consistency, and pore formation conditions are adjusted first. When the total thermal shock instability exceeds the thermal shock instability threshold, i.e., the thermal shock instability is too high, the drying rate, curing temperature regime, holding time, and interface treatment method are adjusted first.

[0069] Therefore, based on the reversed preparation parameters, the preparation of the laser-damage-resistant inorganic coating was completed again.

[0070] It should be noted that this embodiment no longer judges the laser resistance of the coating solely based on the high-temperature resistant components used in the formulation. Instead, it establishes a continuous formation chain from processing steps to thermal coupling differences, thermal resistance imbalances, and thermal shock instability, based on the surface distribution, thickness structure, and stability maintenance state during the actual preparation process. The key protections of this embodiment include: a processing state sequence based on substrate surface roughness distribution, particle size distribution and settling rate, surface spreading undulation, layer thickness distribution, porosity distribution, temperature-time curves, crack density distribution, residual stress difference, and interface adhesion parameter attenuation; a method for forming surface thermal coupling differences based on surface distribution difference sequences; a method for forming thickness-direction thermal resistance imbalance measurements based on thickness-direction difference sequences; and a method for forming thermal shock instability and outputting laser damage instability tendencies based on stability-instability sequences. Further, we hope to protect the following: incorporate slurry dispersion, film thickness control, and structural retention after drying and curing into the same sequential analysis chain, so that the evaluation of laser protection capability no longer depends on destructive laser irradiation of each product, but achieves process control through the correspondence between measurable physical state and laser damage instability tendency, and further adjusts the dispersion process, coating thickness control, pore structure formation conditions, and heat treatment regime in reverse according to the thermal shock instability amount, so that the coating processing and the laser protection target form a closed loop.

[0071] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are mainly reflected in the following aspects. First, by constructing the sequential relationship between the processing state sequence, surface thermal coupling difference, thickness thermal resistance loss measurement, and thermal shock instability, intermediate state judgment can be made in the coating processing process. This eliminates the need for destructive laser irradiation of each individual product and allows for the identification of local hot spot damage and thermal shock peeling risks during the preparation stage. Second, by analyzing particle agglomeration, sedimentation segregation, uneven layer thickness, pore connectivity, crack propagation, and interface weakening within the same sequential transmission chain, it is possible to distinguish whether the decrease in laser resistance primarily stems from surface thermal coupling differences, thickness thermal resistance imbalance, or insufficient structural retention after heat treatment. Third, by applying differentiated adjustments to dispersion, coating, and heat treatment parameters based on the surface thermal coupling difference, thickness thermal resistance loss measurement, and thermal shock instability formed at different stages, it avoids relying solely on the final damage result for coarse adjustments, making process optimization more closely aligned with the actual sources of processing defects. Fourth, incorporating substrate pretreatment, slurry dispersion, film formation control, and heat treatment into a unified analytical framework helps reduce fluctuations in protective performance between different batches and different parts due to differences in processing conditions.

[0072] It should be noted that: (1) In terms of data acquisition, the surface roughness distribution of the substrate can be obtained by contact contour measurement, three-dimensional morphology scanning or visual contour reconstruction, in addition to conventional particle analysis and static sedimentation; the particle size distribution and sedimentation rate can be characterized by online viscosity change, light transmission change or image method, in addition to conventional particle analysis and static sedimentation; the crack density distribution, residual stress and interface adhesion parameter attenuation can also be obtained by ultrasonic, infrared, acoustic emission, scratch test or pull-off test, etc. (2) In terms of feature formation method, the surface thermal coupling difference, thickness direction thermal resistance imbalance and thermal shock instability can be obtained by sequence difference comprehensive method, in addition to segmented table lookup, fuzzy judgment, empirical scoring or regression model method. As long as the sequential logic from processing state sequence to thermal coupling difference, thermal resistance imbalance and thermal shock instability is still followed, it belongs to the alternative implementation of the present invention. (3) In terms of process adjustment methods, reverse adjustment does not require the simultaneous adjustment of all process parameters. It can also be used to control the dispersion process and coating thickness in a coordinated manner, or to optimize the heat treatment regime and interface treatment method. The adjustment command can also be output to the host computer, automatic spraying unit or heat treatment control system for execution.

[0073] It should be further clarified that: the surface thermal coupling difference in this embodiment refers to the degree of initial laser heat absorption difference of the surface layer, characterized by particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation; the thickness direction thermal resistance loss refers to the degree of uneven heat transfer along the thickness direction, characterized by the differences in thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters of each layer; the thermal shock instability refers to the risk of structural damage to the coating under rapid heating and cooling conditions, characterized by the crack density distribution, residual stress difference, and interface adhesion parameter attenuation; and the laser damage instability tendency refers to the comprehensive trend that the coating is more prone to local hot spot damage, rapid heat transfer, and crack spalling under subsequent laser irradiation conditions. This embodiment is applicable to aerospace, optoelectronic equipment, precision metal components, ceramic substrates, and other high-end equipment requiring surface laser-damage-resistant inorganic coatings, and is also applicable to relevant processing scenarios where protective layers are constructed by spraying, brushing, scraping, or layering. To verify the effectiveness of this embodiment, representative samples can be selected first, and a small number of standard laser irradiation tests can be conducted to establish the correspondence between surface thermal coupling difference, thickness-direction thermal resistance loss, thermal shock instability, and ablation depth, spalling area, and crack propagation degree. Subsequently, in batch preparation, destructive laser irradiation is no longer performed on each piece individually; instead, the preparation quality and protection risk are judged by detecting the aforementioned intermediate physical states. Furthermore, the changing trends of the three characteristic quantities can be compared under varying dispersion time, coating thickness, or heat treatment conditions to verify the guiding role of the sequential transfer relationship established in this embodiment for optimizing preparation parameters.

[0074] This invention is now complete.

[0075] In summary, in this embodiment of the invention, based on the differences in particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation among the various detection areas of the surface layer, the surface thermal coupling difference for each detection area is determined. Combined with the differences in thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters among the same detection areas of each layer, the thickness-direction thermal resistance loss for each detection area is determined. Furthermore, combined with the magnitude of crack density, residual stress, and interface adhesion parameter attenuation among the same detection areas of each layer, the thermal shock instability for each detection area is determined. Thus, the comprehensive thermal shock instability is determined, and the preparation parameters are adjusted in reverse to complete the preparation of the laser-damage-resistant inorganic coating. This invention, by judging the intermediate state of the coating processing, can identify local hot spot damage and thermal shock peeling risks during the preparation stage, allowing for the inverse adjustment of preparation parameters and optimization of the preparation process.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an inorganic coating for laser damage prevention suitable for high-end equipment, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The thickness, porosity, heat transfer parameters, crack density, residual stress, and attenuation of interfacial adhesion parameters of each test area in the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer are obtained, as well as the particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation of each test area in the surface layer. Based on the differences between the particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation amount corresponding to each detection area of ​​the surface, the surface thermal coupling difference amount corresponding to each detection area is determined. Based on the differences in thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters of the same detection area in each layer, and combined with the magnitude of the surface thermal coupling difference, the thickness direction thermal resistance measurement for each detection area is determined. Based on the magnitude of crack density, residual stress, and attenuation of interface adhesion parameters corresponding to the same detection area in each layer, and combined with the magnitude of thermal resistance loss in the thickness direction, the thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area is determined. Based on the magnitude of thermal shock instability corresponding to all detection areas, the comprehensive thermal shock instability is determined; based on the magnitude of the comprehensive thermal shock instability, the preparation parameters are adjusted in reverse to complete the preparation of the laser-damage-resistant inorganic coating.

2. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the surface thermal coupling difference for each detection area are as follows: The particle size distribution deviation, sedimentation rate deviation, and surface spreading undulation amount corresponding to each detection area on the surface are used to construct the surface difference vector corresponding to each detection area. Obtain the mean vector of the surface difference vectors corresponding to all detected areas on the surface, and denote it as the surface baseline difference vector; Based on the surface reference difference vector and the surface difference vector corresponding to each detection area, the surface thermal coupling difference amount corresponding to each detection area is determined.

3. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the surface thermal coupling difference amount for each detection area based on the surface reference difference vector and the surface difference vector corresponding to each detection area are as follows: Calculate the average Euclidean distance between the surface difference vector and the surface reference difference vector corresponding to each detection area, and denote it as the surface thermal coupling difference amount corresponding to each detection area.

4. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the thickness-direction thermal resistance measurement corresponding to each detection area are as follows: The structural feature vector corresponding to each detection area of ​​each layer is constructed based on the thickness, porosity, and heat transfer parameters. Based on the differences between the structural feature vectors corresponding to each detection region in adjacent layers, determine the transfer level performance value corresponding to each detection region; The average of the transmission level difference performance value and the surface thermal coupling difference value corresponding to each detection area is recorded as the thermal resistance measurement in the thickness direction corresponding to each detection area.

5. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the transmission level performance value corresponding to each detection region are as follows: Calculate the absolute difference of each element of the structural feature vector corresponding to each detection region in any adjacent layer to obtain the transmission difference vector corresponding to each detection region in any adjacent layer. Obtain the mean vector of the transfer level difference vector corresponding to each detection region in all adjacent layers, and denote it as the average transfer level difference vector corresponding to each detection region; Calculate the mean of all elements in the average transfer level vector corresponding to each detection region, and denote it as the transfer level performance value corresponding to each detection region.

6. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area are as follows: Calculate the average crack density of each detection area in the surface layer, intermediate layer, and near-substrate layer, and record it as the comprehensive crack density of each detection area. Calculate the average value of the attenuation of the interface adhesion parameters for each detection area in the surface layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer, and record it as the comprehensive attenuation of the interface adhesion parameters for each detection area. The residual stress difference value of each test area is determined based on the magnitude of the residual stress in each test area of ​​the surface layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer. Based on the comprehensive crack density, comprehensive interface adhesion parameter attenuation, and residual stress difference value corresponding to each detection area, determine the maximum instability characteristic value and the average instability characteristic value corresponding to each detection area. The thermal shock instability amount corresponding to each detection area is determined based on the maximum and average instability characteristic values ​​and the thermal resistance in the thickness direction for each detection area.

7. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the residual stress difference value corresponding to the detection area are as follows: For the residual stress corresponding to each test area of ​​the surface layer, intermediate layer and near-substrate layer, the mean of the absolute values ​​of the differences between any two pairs is recorded as the residual stress difference value corresponding to each test area.

8. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the maximum and average instability characteristic values ​​for each detection region are as follows: For each detection area, the maximum value among the comprehensive crack density, comprehensive interface adhesion parameter attenuation, and residual stress difference is obtained and recorded as the maximum instability characteristic value for each detection area. Then, the average value of the three is obtained and recorded as the average instability characteristic value for each detection area.

9. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the thermal shock instability amount for each detection area based on the maximum and average instability characteristic values ​​and the thermal resistance in the thickness direction for each detection area are as follows: The product of the thickness-direction thermal resistance loss measure corresponding to each detection area and the maximum instability characteristic value is denoted as the first product; The product of the complement of the thickness direction thermal resistance loss measure corresponding to each detection area and the average instability characteristic value is denoted as the second product; The sum of the first and second products is recorded as the thermal shock instability value corresponding to each detection area.

10. The method for preparing an anti-laser damage inorganic coating suitable for high-end equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps involved in determining the overall thermal shock instability amount are as follows: The average value of the thermal shock instability values ​​corresponding to all detection areas is recorded as the comprehensive thermal shock instability value.

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