Battery soc adaptive estimation system and method based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration

Abstract

The application discloses a battery SOC self-adaptive estimation system and method based on hardware anchor point interruption calibration, and the estimation system comprises a hardware anchor point circuit, a control module and the like. The hardware anchor point circuit comprises N voltage anchor point modules, and N is greater than or equal to 2. Each voltage anchor point module has a voltage anchor point with a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor point divides a battery effective discharge interval into N-1 independent voltage segmented intervals. Each voltage anchor point module is used for outputting an interruption signal when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to the voltage anchor point module. The control module comprises a plurality of general input and output pins, each general input and output pin is configured as an edge external interruption mode, each general input and output pin is connected with each voltage anchor point module in one-to-one correspondence, and is used for receiving the interruption signal output by the corresponding voltage anchor point module. The control module is configured to determine the battery SOC based on the interruption signal. The technical scheme of the application realizes the division of labor and cooperation of the hardware accurate inflection point and the software segmented estimation of the battery SOC.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery state monitoring technology, and in particular to a battery SOC adaptive estimation system and method based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices due to their high energy density and long cycle life. The battery management system (BMS) is the core guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries, and state-of-charge (SOC) estimation, as one of the core functions of the BMS, directly affects overcharge and over-discharge protection, range prediction, and the formulation of energy management strategies. Accurate and reliable SOC estimation is of great significance for extending battery life, improving system safety, and enhancing user experience.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream SOC estimation method in BMS is the voltage lookup table method. This method samples the battery terminal voltage using an ADC and obtains the SOC value by looking up a pre-stored open-circuit voltage versus SOC curve. This method has high accuracy when the battery is stationary and polarization is completely eliminated.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned traditional solutions have the following technical defects: the voltage lookup table method is highly dependent on the sampling accuracy of the ADC. The ADC built into the MCU is affected by temperature drift, power fluctuation and device discreteness, and the sampling voltage has systematic deviation. Moreover, when the battery is working under load, there are ohmic polarization, electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization effects. The load current will cause the terminal voltage to deviate from the true OCV, resulting in the ADC collecting a polarization virtual low voltage instead of the true OCV. Looking up the table based on this voltage value or making software threshold judgment will cause SOC false jump or premature drop. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a battery SOC adaptive estimation system and method based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By using hardware interrupt triggering, the real-time and deterministic nature of inflection point capture is ensured. It realizes the division of labor and cooperation between hardware accurate inflection point and software segmented estimation of battery remaining power, thereby improving the accuracy, stability and response speed of SOC estimation under all operating conditions.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration is provided, characterized in that it includes: The hardware anchor circuit includes N voltage anchor modules, where N≥2; each voltage anchor module has a voltage anchor with a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 independent voltage segment intervals; each voltage anchor module is used to output an interrupt signal when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to that voltage anchor module. The control module includes multiple general-purpose input / output pins, each of which is configured in edge-triggered external interrupt mode; each of the general-purpose input / output pins is connected to each of the voltage anchor modules in a one-to-one correspondence, and is used to receive the interrupt signal output by the corresponding voltage anchor module; The control module is configured to determine the battery SOC based on the interrupt signal.

[0007] Optionally, the voltage anchoring module includes a signal conditioning unit, a first voltage divider network, a second voltage divider network, a TL431 parallel regulator, and a pull-up resistor; The reference terminal of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator is connected to the positive terminal B5+ of the battery through a first voltage divider network and to the negative terminal of the battery through a second voltage divider network; the cathode of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator is electrically connected to the positive terminal B5+ of the battery through a pull-up resistor, and the anode of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The first end of the signal conditioning unit is connected between the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator and the pull-up resistor, and the second end is connected to the general-purpose input / output pin. By configuring the parameters of the first voltage divider network and the second voltage divider network, the voltage anchor points of each voltage anchor point module are configured to have different voltage thresholds.

[0008] Optionally, the signal conditioning unit includes a clamping network and a filtering network; The first end of the clamping network is connected to the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator, and the second end is connected to the general-purpose input / output pin; the second end of the clamping network is also grounded through the filter network. The clamping network is used to clamp the high-level voltage of the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator to the allowable input voltage range of the control module.

[0009] Optionally, the clamping network includes at least one diode and at least one resistor connected in series; the conduction direction of the diode is configured to point from the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator to the general-purpose input / output pin.

[0010] Optionally, the battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration further includes: a current sampling circuit; The control module further includes a current sampling pin; the current sampling pin is electrically connected to the current sampling circuit. The control module is specifically configured to: determine the voltage segmentation range of the battery based on the interrupt signal; and determine the remaining capacity of the battery based on the voltage segmentation range, the preset capacity of the voltage segmentation range, the discharge time of the voltage segmentation range, and the real-time current collected by the current sampling circuit.

[0011] Optionally, the control module is specifically configured as follows: Within each voltage segment interval, ampere-hour integration is performed based on the real-time current collected by the current sampling circuit to update the cumulative discharged capacity of the current voltage segment interval in real time, and the real-time remaining capacity and real-time SOC in the current voltage segment interval are calculated based on the preset capacity of the starting voltage anchor point of the voltage segment interval. Upon receiving the interrupt signal, the voltage segmentation interval of the next battery is determined based on the voltage anchor point module corresponding to the interrupt signal, and the ampere-hour integration of the current voltage segmentation interval is terminated.

[0012] Optionally, the control module is further configured to: Upon receiving the interrupt signal, the cumulative amount of discharge in the current voltage segment interval is recorded and stored as the preset capacity of the current voltage segment interval.

[0013] Optionally, the control module performs the ampere-hour integration at a fixed period; the calculation formula for the real-time cumulative discharge within the current voltage segment interval is: Ah now =Ah last +I bat ×Δt / 3600; Among them, I bat The current is the real-time current collected by the current sampling circuit, with the discharge direction being positive and the charging direction being negative; Δt is the fixed period; Ah last This represents the cumulative discharge amount in the previous integration cycle; Ah now This represents the cumulative discharge amount within the current voltage segment interval; The formula for calculating the real-time remaining capacity within the current voltage segment interval is as follows: Remain=C 预设 -Ah now ; Among them, C 预设 The preset capacity is the starting anchor point of the current voltage segment interval; Remain is the remaining capacity of the current voltage segment interval. The formula for calculating the real-time SOC within the current voltage segment interval is as follows: SOC = (Remain + C) 剩余 ) / C total ×100%; Among them, C剩余 This is the sum of the preset capacities for all subsequent voltage segment intervals; C total This represents the total charge level when the battery is fully charged.

[0014] Optionally, the control module is specifically configured to: upon receiving the interrupt signal, first perform software debouncing for a preset duration, and after the debouncing is completed, perform a second verification of the level state of the corresponding general-purpose input / output pins. If the level state is high, then confirm that the interrupt signal is valid, and determine the voltage segmentation interval of the battery at the current moment according to the voltage anchor point module corresponding to the interrupt signal, and end the ampere-hour integration of the previous voltage segmentation interval.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention also provides a battery SOC adaptive estimation method based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration, comprising: N voltage anchor points are set according to the hardware anchor point circuit; each voltage anchor point corresponds to a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor point divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 voltage segment intervals. When the battery is detected to meet the conditions for being fully charged and left to rest, the battery's SOC is calibrated to 100%. When the battery voltage is detected to reach the starting voltage anchor point of a certain voltage segment interval, the real-time discharge amount and SOC within that voltage segment interval are calculated based on the preset capacity and real-time discharge current of that interval. When the battery voltage reaches the termination voltage anchor point of the voltage segment interval and triggers an interrupt signal, the real-time SOC calculated at the moment the interrupt signal is triggered is calibrated to the preset SOC corresponding to the voltage anchor point, and the cumulative discharge amount of the voltage segment interval is recorded as the preset capacity of the voltage segment interval.

[0016] The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a hardware anchor circuit and a control module. The hardware anchor circuit includes N voltage anchor modules, where N≥2. Each voltage anchor module has a voltage anchor with a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 independent voltage segment intervals. Each voltage anchor module is used to output an interrupt signal when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to that voltage anchor module. The control module includes multiple general-purpose input / output pins, each of which is configured in edge-interrupt mode. Each general-purpose input / output pin is connected to each voltage anchor module in a one-to-one correspondence to receive the interrupt signal output by the corresponding voltage anchor module. The control module is configured to determine the battery SOC based on the interrupt signal. In this way, an interrupt signal can be directly output when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to each voltage anchor module using a pure hardware comparison method. Since this voltage threshold is the hardware true value when the battery's actual OCV reaches the physical inflection point, it is independent of the sampling results of the MCU's built-in ADC and is not affected by ADC temperature drift, power supply fluctuations, and device discreteness. It is also not affected by the interference of falsely low or high terminal voltage caused by ohmic polarization, electrochemical polarization, and concentration polarization when the battery is under load. This fundamentally eliminates the systematic bias and polarization misjudgment risk introduced by the traditional software threshold judgment relying on ADC sampling values. At the same time, the hardware interrupt triggering method ensures the real-time and deterministic nature of inflection point capture, avoids software polling delay and threshold interval error jumping problems, and realizes the division of labor and collaboration between hardware accurate inflection point and software segmented estimation, improving the accuracy, stability, and response speed of SOC estimation under all operating conditions.

[0017] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware anchor circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the current sampling circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage sampling circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A flowchart of a battery SOC adaptive estimation method based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hardware anchor circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a control module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration, referencing... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration includes: a hardware anchor circuit 001 and a control module 002; the hardware anchor circuit 001 includes N voltage anchor modules 100, each voltage anchor module 100 having a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 independent voltage segment intervals; each voltage anchor module 100 is used to output an interrupt signal when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to that voltage anchor module 100; the control module 002 includes multiple general-purpose input / output pins IO INT, each general-purpose input / output pin IO INT is configured in edge-triggered external interrupt mode; each general-purpose input / output pin IO INT is connected to each voltage anchor module 100 in a one-to-one correspondence, and is used to receive the interrupt signal output by the corresponding voltage anchor module 100; the control module 002 is configured to determine the battery SOC based on the interrupt signal.

[0023] Where N≥2.

[0024] The hardware anchor circuit 001 refers to a hardware circuit composed of multiple voltage anchor modules 100. Each voltage anchor module 100 has a different voltage threshold voltage anchor point configured by hardware. When the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to each voltage anchor module 100, the voltage anchor module 100 outputs an interrupt signal, so that the voltage threshold is used as a physical inflection point when estimating the remaining battery power in segments. The interrupt signal refers to the edge transition signal of the output terminal of the voltage anchor module 100, which is used to trigger an external interrupt of the control module 002 to notify the control module 002 that the battery voltage has reached the corresponding voltage threshold.

[0025] Each voltage anchor point divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 independent voltage segment intervals, and each voltage anchor point is the physical boundary of the adjacent voltage segment interval.

[0026] It should be noted that the hardware anchor circuit 001 includes N voltage anchor modules 100, where N≥2 can be understood as the hardware anchor circuit 001 including two or more voltage anchor modules 100.

[0027] Since each voltage anchor module 100 has a voltage anchor point with a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor point serves as a physical inflection point when estimating the battery's SOC in segments, the more voltage anchor modules 100 included in the hardware anchor circuit 001, the more inflection point calibration opportunities the system has, resulting in higher SOC estimation accuracy. However, this requires higher circuit costs and occupies more layout space. Conversely, the fewer voltage anchor modules 100 included in the hardware anchor circuit 001, the lower the circuit cost and the smaller the layout space required, but the lower the SOC estimation accuracy. Therefore, the selection of the number N of voltage anchor modules 100 requires a comprehensive trade-off between SOC estimation accuracy, circuit cost, and PCB layout space.

[0028] It should also be noted that, Figure 1 The hardware anchor circuit 001 is shown as an example only, including 5 voltage anchor modules 100, and is not intended to limit the number of voltage anchor modules 100 in the hardware anchor circuit 001. As an optional embodiment, the number of voltage anchor modules 100 in the hardware anchor circuit 001 can also be 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, etc.

[0029] In one optional embodiment, when PCB layout space is limited or control module hardware resources are limited, a method combining hardware anchor point calibration with ADC interval interpolation can be used. This allows some voltage anchor points to be determined through hardware anchor point circuitry, while others are determined through ADC interval interpolation. This determines the voltage anchor points and, consequently, maintains SOC accuracy under most operating conditions while controlling hardware modification costs. For example,... Figure 1 Taking the illustrated embodiment as an example, the first, third, and fifth hardware anchor point modules can be retained as hardware anchor point calibration, and the voltage thresholds corresponding to the voltage anchor points of the second and fourth hardware anchor points are obtained through ADC interval interpolation calculation.

[0030] The control module 002 is the core processing unit of the battery SOC adaptive estimation system. It may include, but is not limited to, a microcontroller unit (MCU), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other digital processors with interrupt handling capabilities.

[0031] The general-purpose input / output (IO) pins (IO INT) on the control module 002 are general-purpose digital interface pins that can be configured as inputs or outputs. The number of IO INT pins in the control module 002 is greater than or equal to N. Each IO INT pin is connected to a voltage anchor module 100 in a one-to-one correspondence to receive interrupt signals output by the voltage anchor module 100. When an IO INT pin is configured for edge-triggered external interrupt mode, an interrupt request is automatically triggered by hardware when the pin detects a level transition (rising or falling edge). The control module 002 immediately suspends the currently executing program flow and jumps to the corresponding interrupt service routine for processing.

[0032] Battery SOC refers to the percentage of the battery's current remaining capacity to its total usable capacity, i.e., the battery's state of charge.

[0033] The control module 002 can determine the battery SOC based on the interrupt signal. This can be understood as the control module 002 using the received interrupt signal as a confirmation that the battery voltage has reached the voltage anchor point when it receives the interrupt signal, and identifying the segment position of the current battery voltage in the discharge range accordingly. The battery SOC is then determined by accumulating or deducting segment capacity.

[0034] In this embodiment, the battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration includes a hardware anchor circuit and a control module. The hardware anchor circuit includes N voltage anchor modules, where N≥2. Each voltage anchor module has a voltage anchor with a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 independent voltage segment intervals. Each voltage anchor module outputs an interrupt signal when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to that voltage anchor module. The control module includes multiple general-purpose input / output pins, each configured in edge-interrupt mode. Each general-purpose input / output pin is connected to each voltage anchor module in a one-to-one correspondence to receive the interrupt signal output by the corresponding voltage anchor module. The control module is configured to determine the battery SOC based on the interrupt signal. This enables the battery SOC adaptive estimation system to directly output an interrupt signal when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to each voltage anchor module using a pure hardware comparison method. Since this voltage threshold is the hardware true value when the battery's actual OCV reaches the physical inflection point, it is independent of the sampling results of the MCU's built-in ADC and is not affected by ADC temperature drift, power supply fluctuations, or device discreteness. It is also not affected by the interference of falsely low or high terminal voltage caused by ohmic polarization, electrochemical polarization, and concentration polarization when the battery is under load. This fundamentally eliminates the systematic bias and polarization misjudgment risk introduced by traditional software threshold judgment relying on ADC sampling values. At the same time, the hardware interrupt triggering method ensures the real-time and deterministic nature of inflection point capture, avoids software polling delays and threshold interval erroneous jumps, and realizes the division of labor and collaboration between accurate hardware inflection point and software segmented estimation, improving the accuracy, stability, and response speed of SOC estimation under all operating conditions.

[0035] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, the voltage anchoring module 100 includes a signal conditioning unit 10, a first voltage divider network 20, a second voltage divider network 30, a TL431 parallel regulator U1, and a pull-up resistor R1. The reference terminal of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is connected to the positive terminal B5+ of the battery through the first voltage divider network 20 and to the negative terminal of the battery through the second voltage divider network 30. The cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal B5+ of the battery through the pull-up resistor R1, and the anode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The first terminal of the signal conditioning unit 10 is connected between the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 and the pull-up resistor R1, and the second terminal is connected to the general purpose input / output pin IO INT. By configuring the parameters of the first voltage divider network 20 and the second voltage divider network 30, the voltage anchoring points of each voltage anchoring module 100 are different voltage thresholds.

[0036] The TL431 parallel regulator U1 is a three-terminal adjustable precision reference source with an integrated 2.5V precision reference voltage source. When the reference voltage of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is higher than the internal 2.5V reference, the cathode and anode are connected; when the reference voltage of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is lower than the 2.5V reference, the cathode and anode are cut off.

[0037] The first voltage divider network 20 refers to the resistor network connected between the positive terminal B5+ of the battery and the reference terminal of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator U1. The second voltage divider network 30 refers to the resistor network connected between the reference terminal of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator U1 and the negative terminal of the battery. The first voltage divider network 20 and the second voltage divider network 30 together constitute a resistor voltage divider, used to set the voltage anchor point of the voltage anchoring module 100. By configuring the parameters of the first voltage divider network 20 and the second voltage divider network 30, the voltage anchor point of each voltage anchoring module 100 can be set to a different voltage threshold.

[0038] The pull-up resistor R1 is the resistor connected between the positive terminal B5+ of the battery and the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 (i.e., the output terminal of the voltage anchor module 100). Its core function is to pull up the voltage level of the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 to a high level when the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is turned off. This high level, together with the low level when the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is turned on, forms a complete voltage level transition.

[0039] The signal conditioning unit 10 is connected between the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 and the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT of the control module 002. It is used to perform level matching on the high level of the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 and then transmit it to the control module 002.

[0040] Specifically, by configuring the parameters of the first voltage divider network 20 and the second voltage divider network 30, the voltage anchor points of each voltage anchor point module 100 are configured with different voltage thresholds. For a single voltage anchor module 100, when the battery voltage is higher than the voltage threshold corresponding to the voltage anchor module 100, after voltage division by the first voltage divider network 20 and the second voltage divider network 30, the reference terminal voltage of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is greater than 2.5V, the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is turned on, its cathode and anode are in a low-resistance state, and the cathode is pulled down to about 1.8V, that is, the first terminal of the signal conditioning unit 10 is clamped at a low level; conversely, when the battery voltage is less than the voltage threshold corresponding to the voltage anchor module 100, after voltage division by the first voltage divider network 20 and the second voltage divider network 30, the reference terminal voltage of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is lower than 2.5V, the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is turned off, its cathode and anode are in a high-resistance state, and the first terminal of the signal conditioning unit 10 is pulled up to close to the battery voltage through the pull-up resistor R1. The rise edge is the transition from low to high level at the first terminal of the signal conditioning unit 10. This transition is transmitted to the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT via the signal conditioning unit 10, thereby triggering an external interrupt.

[0041] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, the voltage anchoring module 100 also includes: a light-emitting diode (LED); the cathode of the LED is electrically connected to the cathode of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator U1, and the anode of the diode is electrically connected to the pull-up resistor R1.

[0042] Specifically, for a single voltage anchor module 100, when the battery voltage is higher than the corresponding voltage threshold, the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is turned on, and the LED lights up. Conversely, when the battery voltage is lower than the corresponding voltage threshold, the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is turned off, and the LED turns off. The lighting or extinguishing of the LEDs in each voltage anchor module 100 provides a direct visual indication of the battery level.

[0043] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, the signal conditioning unit 10 includes a clamping network 11 and a filtering network 12; the first end of the clamping network 11 is connected to the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1, and the second end is connected to the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT; the second end of the clamping network 11 is also grounded through the filtering network 12; the clamping network 11 is used to clamp the high-level voltage of the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 to the allowable input voltage range of the control module 002.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the clamping network 11 includes at least one diode D1 and at least one resistor R5 connected in series. The conduction direction of the diode D1 is configured to point from the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 to the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT, such that when the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator U1 is pulled up to the battery voltage by the pull-up resistor R1, the high level is reduced and then enters the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT at a reduced voltage value after passing through the series voltage drop of the diode D1.

[0045] It should be noted that the number of diodes D1 in the clamping network 11 can be determined based on the voltage threshold corresponding to the voltage anchor module 100, as well as the performance of diodes D1 and control module 002, to ensure that the high level input to the signal conditioning unit 10 can be reduced to the input voltage range allowed by control module 002 after passing through the clamping network 11.

[0046] It should also be noted that, Figure 1 The embodiments shown are merely illustrative of the case where the clamping network 11 includes a diode D1 and a resistor R5, and are not intended to limit the number of diodes D1 and resistors R5 included in the clamping network 11.

[0047] The filter network 12 is used to filter out high-frequency noise in the system, ensuring that the level signal received by the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT is a smooth and clean DC signal, thereby ensuring the accuracy and determinism of interrupt triggering.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the filter network 12 includes a Zener diode ZD1 and a filter capacitor C1, which are connected in parallel between the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT and ground. The Zener diode ZD1 further limits the high-level voltage of the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT within the safe operating voltage range of the control module 002, preventing overvoltage on the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT due to battery voltage fluctuations or deviations in the pull-up resistor R1. The filter capacitor C1 filters out battery voltage ripple, electromagnetic coupling noise, and ringing signals that may be generated during the flip-flop of the TL431 parallel regulator U1, preventing high-frequency noise from superimposing on the level signal and causing the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT to misjudge its level state or trigger a false interrupt.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the current sampling circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, refer to... Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration also includes: a current sampling circuit 003; the control module 002 also includes a current sampling pin ADC CUR; the current sampling pin ADC CUR is electrically connected to the current sampling circuit 003; the control module 002 is specifically configured to: determine the voltage segment interval of the battery according to the interrupt signal; and determine the remaining capacity of the battery according to the voltage segment interval of the battery, the preset capacity of the voltage segment interval, the discharge time of the voltage segment interval, and the real-time current collected by the current sampling circuit 003.

[0050] The current sampling circuit 003 is used to collect the real-time current of the battery. In an optional embodiment, the current sampling circuit 003 includes a load control module, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, and a second capacitor C2. The load control module and the sixth resistor R6 are connected in series between the positive terminal of the battery and ground. One end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected between the load control module and the sixth resistor R6, and the other end is connected to the current sampling pin ADC CUR of the control module 002. The current sampling pin ADC CUR of the control module 002 is also grounded through the second capacitor C2, thereby enabling the collection of the real-time current of the battery and providing the real-time current of the battery to the control module 002.

[0051] The control module 002 stores the preset capacity for each voltage segment interval. The preset capacity refers to the total capacity that the battery can theoretically release when discharging from the starting voltage threshold to the ending voltage threshold in a certain voltage segment interval. In other words, it is the total capacity that the battery can release within that voltage segment interval.

[0052] Specifically, control module 002 receives the real-time current output from current sampling circuit 003 via the current sampling pin ADC CUR. Furthermore, control module 002 identifies the current voltage threshold reached by the battery based on the IOINT pin number corresponding to the currently triggered interrupt signal, thereby determining the current voltage segment interval of the battery. Within the current voltage segment interval, control module 002 calculates the capacity already discharged within this voltage segment interval based on the real-time current collected by current sampling circuit 003 and the cumulative discharge time within that voltage segment interval. Using the preset capacity of this voltage segment interval as a benchmark, the remaining dischargeable capacity within this voltage segment interval is subtracted to obtain the remaining dischargeable capacity of the current voltage segment interval. The remaining dischargeable capacity of the current voltage segment interval, together with the cumulative preset capacity of subsequent voltage segment intervals, determines the current remaining battery charge. Within any voltage segment interval, when the battery voltage has not yet reached the next voltage threshold, the control module 002 continues to perform the aforementioned capacity deduction calculation, updating the remaining dischargeable capacity of this voltage segment interval in real time. When the battery voltage reaches the next voltage threshold and the control module 002 receives the corresponding interrupt signal, the control module 002 ends the capacity deduction calculation for the current voltage segment interval, records and stores the accumulated discharged capacity of this voltage segment interval, switches to the next voltage segment interval, and continues to perform capacity deduction calculation based on the preset capacity of the next voltage segment interval. In this way, the capacity deduction calculations within each voltage segment interval are independent of each other, and the cumulative error between intervals does not propagate.

[0053] Optionally, the control module 002 is specifically configured to: perform ampere-hour integration based on the real-time current collected by the current sampling circuit 003 within each voltage segment interval, update the cumulative discharged capacity of the current voltage segment interval in real time, and calculate the remaining capacity of the current voltage segment interval based on the preset capacity of the voltage segment interval; when an interrupt signal is received, determine the next voltage segment interval based on the voltage anchor point module 100 corresponding to the interrupt signal, and pause the ampere-hour integration of the current voltage segment interval.

[0054] Among them, ampere-hour integration refers to the mathematical operation of accumulating real-time current over time to calculate the amount of charge discharged or charged by the battery within a specific time period. Accumulated discharged capacity refers to the total amount of charge discharged by the battery within the current voltage segment interval from the moment it reaches the initial voltage threshold of the current voltage segment interval to the current moment. Remaining capacity refers to the remaining dischargeable capacity of the battery within the current voltage segment interval.

[0055] Specifically, within each voltage segment interval, the control module 002 collects the real-time current of the battery through the current sampling circuit 003, and performs ampere-hour integration based on the real-time current of the battery, thereby updating the cumulative discharged capacity of the current voltage segment interval in real time. Simultaneously, the control module 002 calculates the remaining capacity of the current interval in real time using the preset capacity of the voltage segment interval as the minuend and the cumulative discharged capacity as the subtrahend. This process continues to cycle continuously unless an interrupt signal is received. When the battery voltage drops to the voltage threshold corresponding to a certain voltage anchor module 100, the output level of the voltage anchor module 100 undergoes an edge transition, thereby outputting an interrupt signal. The general-purpose input / output pin IO INT of the control module 002 detects this edge transition and triggers an external interrupt. Based on the number of the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT that triggered the interrupt, the control module 002 determines the voltage threshold corresponding to the voltage anchor module 100 for the current battery voltage, and thus determines that the battery has switched from the current voltage segment interval to the next adjacent voltage segment interval. In the interrupt service routine, control module 002 terminates the ampere-hour integration of the current voltage segment interval and stops accumulating the discharged capacity of that voltage segment interval. Control module 002 then clears the integration buffer for the next voltage segment interval, uses the preset capacity of the next voltage segment interval as the new calculation benchmark, and restarts the ampere-hour integration calculation. This process is repeated at each voltage anchor point until all voltage anchor points are triggered, completing the segmented integration and capacity update for the entire effective discharge interval.

[0056] Optionally, the control module 002 is specifically configured to: upon receiving an interrupt signal, first perform software debouncing for a preset duration, and after the debouncing is completed, perform a second verification of the level state of the corresponding general-purpose input / output pin IO INT. If the level state is high, the interrupt signal is confirmed to be valid, and the voltage segmentation interval of the battery at the current moment is determined according to the voltage anchoring module 100 corresponding to the interrupt signal, and the ampere-hour integration of the previous voltage segmentation interval is paused.

[0057] The first preset duration can be determined according to actual needs. In an optional embodiment, the first preset duration is 5ms to 10ms. Specifically, by using a software debouncing duration of 5ms to 10ms, combined with a secondary level verification mechanism after interrupt triggering, narrow pulse voltage spikes caused by load changes, motor back EMF, or spatial electromagnetic radiation near the voltage threshold of the voltage anchor point can be effectively filtered out. Since the TL431 parallel regulator has a small hysteresis or oscillation near the voltage critical point, this debouncing window ensures that the system only triggers a response when the voltage stably exceeds the threshold, completely avoiding the risk of false interruption caused by single edge triggering at the software level, and significantly enhancing the system's working stability in complex electromagnetic environments. The selected 5ms to 10ms debouncing duration is much smaller than the inherent time constant of the battery voltage crossing a single anchor point interval during normal charging and discharging. Therefore, while effectively suppressing high-frequency interference, it does not introduce substantial delays to the real-time interrupt response of the voltage anchor point, ensuring the timeliness of voltage segment interval switching and the accuracy of integral pause operation.

[0058] In one optional embodiment, the control module 002 discretely samples the current signal at a fixed sampling period to obtain the real-time current value at each sampling moment. For each sampling period, the control module 002 multiplies the sampled current value by the duration of the sampling period to obtain the change in electrical quantity within that period.

[0059] Optionally, the formula for calculating the real-time cumulative discharge within the current voltage segment interval is as follows: Ah now =Ah last +I bat ×Δt / 3600; Among them, I bat The current is collected in real time by the current sampling circuit 003, with the discharge direction being positive and the charging direction being negative; Δt is a fixed period; Ah last This represents the cumulative discharge amount in the previous integration cycle; Ah now This represents the cumulative discharge amount within the current voltage segment interval; The formula for calculating the real-time remaining capacity within the current voltage segment interval is as follows: Remain=C 预设 -Ah now ; Among them, C 预设 The preset capacity is the starting anchor point of the current voltage segment interval; Remain is the remaining capacity of the current voltage segment interval.

[0060] The formula for calculating the real-time SOC within the current voltage segment interval is: SOC = (Remain + C) 剩余 ) / C total ×100%; Among them, C 剩余 This is the sum of the preset capacities for all subsequent voltage segment intervals; C total This represents the total charge level when the battery is fully charged.

[0061] Optionally, the control module 002 is also configured to: upon receiving an interrupt signal, record and store the accumulated discharged capacity of the current voltage segment interval as the preset capacity of the current voltage segment interval, so that the capacity parameters of each voltage segment interval used in subsequent SOC estimation always match the current state of the battery, fundamentally solving the aging mismatch and operating condition mismatch problems caused by the traditional ampere-hour integration method using the fixed rated capacity of the battery at the factory, realizing adaptive calibration of SOC estimation throughout the battery's entire life cycle, and improving the long-term operational stability and estimation accuracy of the system under complex operating conditions.

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage sampling circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In an optional embodiment, refer to... Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the control module 002 also includes a voltage sampling circuit 004, and a voltage sampling pin ADC B5; the voltage sampling pin ADC B5 is electrically connected to the voltage sampling circuit 004. The voltage sampling circuit 004 includes an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, and a third capacitor C3; the eighth resistor R8 and the tenth resistor R10 are connected in series between the battery positive terminal B5+ and ground; one end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the eighth resistor R8 and the tenth resistor R10, and the other end is connected to the voltage sampling pin ADC B5; the third capacitor C3 is connected between the voltage sampling pin ADC B5 and ground, so that the control module 002 can obtain the battery voltage value through the voltage sampling circuit 004.

[0063] After the interrupt is triggered, the control module 002 also reads the current battery voltage value through the voltage sampling circuit and compares the voltage value with the voltage threshold corresponding to the current interrupt to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the interrupt trigger and eliminate false triggers caused by electromagnetic interference or hardware jitter.

[0064] The following is based on Figure 1 The illustrated example demonstrates the specific process for estimating battery SOC: The hardware anchor circuit 001 includes five voltage anchor modules 100, namely the first voltage anchor module 101, the second voltage anchor module 102, the third voltage anchor module 103, the fourth voltage anchor module 104, and the fifth voltage anchor module 105.

[0065] In the first voltage divider network 20 of the first voltage anchor module 101, the resistance of the second resistor R2 is 51K ohms, the resistance of the third resistor R3 is 200Ω, and the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 in the second voltage divider network 30 of the first voltage anchor module 101 is 10KΩ; in the first voltage divider network 20 of the second voltage anchor module 102, the resistance of the second resistor R2 is 56KΩ, the resistance of the third resistor R3 is 2.7KΩ, and the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 in the second voltage divider network 30 of the second voltage anchor module 102 is 10KΩ; in the first voltage divider network 20 of the third voltage anchor module 103, the resistance of the second resistor R2 is 51KΩ, the resistance of the third resistor R3 is 200Ω, and the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 in the first voltage divider network 20 of the third voltage anchor module 103 is 51KΩ, the resistance of the second resistor R2 is 51KΩ, the resistance of the third resistor R3 is 200Ω, and the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 in the first voltage divider network 20 of the third voltage anchor module 103 is 200Ω, and the resistance of the third resistor R4 in the first voltage divider network 20 of the third voltage anchor module 10 ... third resistor R4 in the first voltage divider network 20 of the third voltage anchor module 103 is 200Ω, and the resistance of the third resistor R4 in the first voltage divider network 20 of the third voltage anchor module 103 is 200Ω, and The resistance value is 10KΩ. The resistance value of the fourth resistor R4 in the second voltage divider network 30 of the third voltage anchor module 103 is 10KΩ. The resistance value of the second resistor R2 in the first voltage divider network 20 of the fourth voltage anchor module 104 is 62KΩ, the resistance value of the third resistor R3 is 1.2KΩ, and the resistance value of the fourth resistor R4 in the second voltage divider network 30 of the fourth voltage anchor module 104 is 10KΩ. The resistance value of the second resistor R2 in the first voltage divider network 20 of the fifth voltage anchor module 105 is 51KΩ, the resistance value of the third resistor R3 is 16KΩ, and the resistance value of the fourth resistor R4 in the second voltage divider network 30 of the fifth voltage anchor module 105 is 10KΩ. This configuration allows the five voltage anchoring modules 100 to divide the effective discharge range of the battery into four independent voltage segment intervals. The voltage thresholds of the five voltage anchoring modules 100 are 19.2V, 18.3V, 17.8V, 17.2V, and 15.3V, respectively. The four independent voltage segment intervals are S4 (19.2~18.3V), S3 (18.3~17.8V), S2 (17.8~17.2V), and S1 (17.2~15.3V). The preset capacity of the S1 interval is defined as C2, the preset capacity of the S2 interval as C3, the preset capacity of the S3 interval as C4, and the preset capacity of the S4 interval as C5; where C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 = C total C total This represents the total battery capacity.

[0066] When the battery voltage is greater than 19.2V, all the LEDs of the five voltage anchoring modules 100 light up, and the five general-purpose input / output pins IO INT of the control module 002 are all at a low level.

[0067] When the battery voltage drops to 19.2V, the LED of the fifth voltage anchor module 105 turns off, and the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT connected to the fifth voltage anchor module 105 changes from low to high, indicating that the battery voltage has entered the S4 (19.2~18.3V) voltage segmentation range. The control module 002 then begins to discretely sample the current signal at a fixed sampling period and updates the cumulative discharge amount (Ah) of the current voltage segmentation range in real time.S4 =Ah last +I bat ×(Δt / 3600;where, I bat Real-time battery current (positive for discharging, negative for charging); Δt is the integration period; Ah S4 The current cumulative capacity of the S4 voltage segment interval; Ah last The remaining capacity for the previous cycle is the cumulative capacity; the remaining capacity for the S4 voltage segment interval is Remaining. S4 =C5-Ah S4 SOC=(Remain) S4 +C4+C3+C2) / C total ×100%; where C total The total charge level of the battery when fully charged.

[0068] When the battery voltage drops to 18.3V, the LED of the fifth voltage anchor module 105 turns off, and the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT connected to the fifth voltage anchor module 105 changes from low to high, triggering a hardware interrupt and confirming that the battery voltage has dropped into the S3 (17.8~18.3V) voltage segmentation range. At this time, the ampere-hour integration of the S4 voltage segmentation range is paused, the discharged amount of the S4 voltage segmentation range is latched as the preset capacity C5 of the S4 voltage segmentation range, and the Ah is reset to zero. S4 Simultaneously, control module 002 begins discretely sampling the current signal at a fixed sampling period and updates the cumulative discharge amount (Ah) of the current voltage segment interval in real time. S3 =Ah last +I bat ×(Δt / 3600;Ah S3 The current cumulative capacity of the S3 voltage segment interval; the remaining capacity of the S3 voltage segment interval (Remain). S3 =C4-Ah S3 SOC=(Remain) S3 +C3+C2) / C total ×100%.

[0069] When the battery voltage drops to 17.8V, the LED of the fourth voltage anchor module 104 turns off, and the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT connected to the fourth voltage anchor module 104 abruptly changes from low to high, triggering a hardware interrupt and confirming that the battery voltage has fallen into the S2 (17.2~17.8V) voltage segmentation range. At this time, the ampere-hour integration of the S3 voltage segmentation range is paused, the discharged amount of the S3 voltage segmentation range is latched as the preset capacity C4 of the S3 voltage segmentation range, and the Ah is reset to zero. S3Simultaneously, control module 002 begins discretely sampling the current signal at a fixed sampling period and updates the cumulative discharge amount (Ah) of the current voltage segment interval in real time. S2 =Ah last +I bat ×(Δt / 3600;Ah S2 The current cumulative capacity of the S2 voltage segment interval; the remaining capacity of the S2 voltage segment interval (Remain). S2 =C3-Ah S2 SOC=(Remain) S2 +C2) / C total ×100%.

[0070] When the battery voltage drops to 17.2V, the LED of the third voltage anchor module 103 turns off, and the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT connected to the third voltage anchor module 103 abruptly changes from low to high, triggering a hardware interrupt and confirming that the battery voltage has fallen into the S1 (15.3~17.2V) voltage segment interval. At this time, the ampere-hour integration of the S2 voltage segment interval is paused, the discharged amount of the S2 voltage segment interval is latched as the preset capacity C3 of the S2 voltage segment interval, and the Ah is reset to zero. S2 Simultaneously, control module 002 begins discretely sampling the current signal at a fixed sampling period and updates the cumulative discharge amount (Ah) of the current voltage segment interval in real time. S1 =Ah last +I bat ×(Δt / 3600;Ah S1 The current cumulative capacity of the S1 voltage segment interval; the remaining capacity of the S1 voltage segment interval (Remain). S1 =C2-Ah S1 SOC = Remain S1 / C total ×100%.

[0071] When the battery voltage drops to 15.3V, the LED of the second voltage anchor module turns off, and the general-purpose input / output pin IO INT connected to the second voltage anchor module 102 changes from low to high, triggering a hardware interrupt. This pauses the ampere-hour integration of the S1 voltage segment, latches the discharged amount of the S1 voltage segment as the preset capacity C2 of the S1 voltage segment, and resets the Ah value to zero. S1 Update the total battery capacity C total The SOC is forcibly reset to zero, triggering low-voltage protection.

[0072] Based on the same concept, this embodiment also provides a battery SOC adaptive estimation method based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration. Figure 5The flowchart of the battery SOC adaptive estimation method based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration provided in the embodiments of the present invention is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the battery SOC adaptive estimation method based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration includes: S110. Set N voltage anchor points according to the hardware anchor point circuit.

[0073] Each voltage anchor point corresponds to a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor point divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 voltage segment intervals.

[0074] S120. When the battery is detected to meet the conditions for being fully charged and left to stand, the SOC of the battery is calibrated to 100%.

[0075] The fully charged resting condition can be understood as follows: after the battery is truly fully charged, all charging and discharging loads are disconnected, leaving it in an open circuit state, and it is left to rest for a sufficient period of time to allow the battery terminal voltage to stabilize. At this point, the battery eliminates polarization effects, and the terminal voltage is infinitely close to the true OCV (Open Circuit Voltage). S130. When the battery voltage is detected to reach the starting voltage anchor point of a certain voltage segment interval, the real-time discharge amount and SOC within the voltage segment interval are calculated based on the preset capacity and real-time discharge current of that interval.

[0076] Among them, the starting voltage anchor point refers to the voltage anchor point at the start of discharge in each voltage segment interval.

[0077] S140. When the battery voltage is detected to reach the termination voltage anchor point of the voltage segment interval and an interrupt signal is triggered, the real-time SOC calculated at the moment the interrupt signal is triggered is calibrated to the preset SOC corresponding to the voltage anchor point, and the cumulative discharge amount of the voltage segment interval is recorded as the preset capacity of the voltage segment interval.

[0078] The termination voltage anchor point refers to the voltage anchor point at the termination point of each voltage segment interval.

[0079] In this embodiment, N voltage anchor points are set according to the hardware anchor point circuit. Each voltage anchor point corresponds to a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor point divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 voltage segment intervals. When the battery is detected to meet the fully charged resting condition, the SOC of the battery is calibrated to 100%. When the battery voltage is detected to reach the starting voltage anchor point of a certain voltage segment interval, the real-time discharge amount and SOC within that voltage segment interval are calculated based on the preset capacity and real-time discharge current of that interval. When the battery voltage is detected to reach the ending voltage anchor point of that voltage segment interval and an interrupt signal is triggered, the real-time SOC calculated at that moment is calibrated to the preset SOC corresponding to that voltage anchor point, and the cumulative discharge amount of that voltage segment interval is recorded as the preset capacity of that voltage segment interval. This allows for pure hardware comparison... The alternative method directly outputs an interrupt signal when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to each voltage anchor module. Since this voltage threshold is the hardware true value when the battery's actual OCV reaches the physical inflection point, it is independent of the sampling results of the MCU's built-in ADC. It is not affected by ADC temperature drift, power supply fluctuations, and device discreteness, nor is it affected by the virtual low or high terminal voltage caused by ohmic polarization, electrochemical polarization, and concentration polarization when the battery is under load. This fundamentally eliminates the systematic bias and polarization misjudgment risk introduced by the traditional software threshold judgment relying on ADC sampling values. At the same time, the hardware interrupt triggering method ensures the real-time and deterministic nature of inflection point capture, avoids software polling delay and threshold interval erroneous jump problems, and realizes the division of labor and collaboration between hardware accurate inflection point and software segmented estimation, improving the accuracy, stability, and response speed of SOC estimation under all operating conditions.

[0080] In one optional embodiment, after triggering the interrupt signal, before calibrating the real-time SOC calculated at that moment to the preset SOC corresponding to the voltage anchor point and recording the cumulative discharge amount of the voltage segment interval as the preset capacity of the voltage segment interval, the method further includes: performing software debouncing on the interrupt signal for a preset duration, and after the debouncing is completed, performing a secondary verification of the level state of the corresponding general-purpose input / output pins. If the level state is high, the interrupt signal is confirmed to be valid. In this way, through software debouncing for a preset duration, combined with the secondary level verification mechanism after the interrupt is triggered, narrow pulse voltage spikes caused by load changes, motor back EMF, or spatial electromagnetic radiation near the voltage threshold of the voltage anchor point can be effectively filtered out.

[0081] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration, characterized in that, include: The hardware anchor circuit includes N voltage anchor modules, where N≥2; each voltage anchor module has a voltage anchor with a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 independent voltage segment intervals; each voltage anchor module is used to output an interrupt signal when the battery voltage reaches the voltage threshold corresponding to that voltage anchor module. The control module includes multiple general-purpose input / output pins, each of which is configured in edge-triggered external interrupt mode; each of the general-purpose input / output pins is connected to each of the voltage anchor modules in a one-to-one correspondence, and is used to receive the interrupt signal output by the corresponding voltage anchor module; The control module is configured to determine the battery SOC based on the interrupt signal.

2. The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage anchoring module includes a signal conditioning unit, a first voltage divider network, a second voltage divider network, a TL431 parallel regulator, and a pull-up resistor; The reference terminal of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator is connected to the positive terminal B5+ of the battery through a first voltage divider network and to the negative terminal of the battery through a second voltage divider network; the cathode of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator is electrically connected to the positive terminal B5+ of the battery through a pull-up resistor, and the anode of the TL431 parallel voltage regulator is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The first end of the signal conditioning unit is connected between the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator and the pull-up resistor, and the second end is connected to the general-purpose input / output pin. By configuring the parameters of the first voltage divider network and the second voltage divider network, the voltage anchor points of each voltage anchor point module are configured to have different voltage thresholds.

3. The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The signal conditioning unit includes a clamping network and a filtering network; The first end of the clamping network is connected to the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator, and the second end is connected to the general-purpose input / output pin; the second end of the clamping network is also grounded through the filter network. The clamping network is used to clamp the high-level voltage of the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator to the allowable input voltage range of the control module.

4. The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The clamping network includes at least one diode and at least one resistor connected in series; the conduction direction of the diode is configured to point from the cathode of the TL431 parallel regulator to the general purpose input / output pin.

5. The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Current sampling circuit; The control module further includes a current sampling pin; the current sampling pin is electrically connected to the current sampling circuit. The control module is specifically configured to: determine the voltage segmentation range of the battery based on the interrupt signal; and determine the remaining capacity of the battery based on the voltage segmentation range, the preset capacity of the voltage segmentation range, the discharge time of the voltage segmentation range, and the real-time current collected by the current sampling circuit.

6. The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control module is specifically configured as follows: Within each voltage segment interval, ampere-hour integration is performed based on the real-time current collected by the current sampling circuit to update the cumulative discharged capacity of the current voltage segment interval in real time, and the real-time remaining capacity and real-time SOC in the current voltage segment interval are calculated based on the preset capacity of the starting voltage anchor point of the voltage segment interval. Upon receiving the interrupt signal, the voltage segmentation interval of the next battery is determined based on the voltage anchor point module corresponding to the interrupt signal, and the ampere-hour integration of the current voltage segmentation interval is terminated.

7. The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control module is also configured to: Upon receiving the interrupt signal, the cumulative amount of discharge in the current voltage segment interval is recorded and stored as the preset capacity of the current voltage segment interval.

8. The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control module performs the ampere-hour integration at a fixed period; the formula for calculating the real-time cumulative discharge within the current voltage segment interval is: Oh now =Ah last +I bat ×Δt / 3600; Among them, I bat The current is the real-time current collected by the current sampling circuit, with the discharge direction being positive and the charging direction being negative; Δt is the fixed period; Ah last This represents the cumulative discharge amount in the previous integration cycle; Ah now This represents the cumulative discharge amount within the current voltage segment interval; The formula for calculating the real-time remaining capacity within the current voltage segment interval is as follows: Remain=C 预设 -Ah now ; Among them, C 预设 The preset capacity is the starting anchor point of the current voltage segment interval; Remain is the remaining capacity of the current voltage segment interval. The formula for calculating the real-time SOC within the current voltage segment interval is as follows: SOC=(Remain +C 剩余 ) / C total ×100%; Among them, C 剩余 This is the sum of the preset capacities for all subsequent voltage segment intervals; C total This represents the total charge level when the battery is fully charged.

9. The battery SOC adaptive estimation system based on hardware anchor point interrupt calibration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control module is specifically configured to: upon receiving the interrupt signal, first perform software debouncing for a preset duration, and then perform a second check on the level state of the corresponding general-purpose input / output pins after the debouncing is completed. If the level state is high, the interrupt signal is confirmed to be valid, and the voltage segmentation interval of the battery at the current moment is determined according to the voltage anchor point module corresponding to the interrupt signal, and the ampere-hour integration of the previous voltage segmentation interval is ended.

10. A battery SOC adaptive estimation method based on hardware anchor interrupt calibration, characterized in that, include: N voltage anchor points are set according to the hardware anchor point circuit; Each voltage anchor point corresponds to a different voltage threshold, and each voltage anchor point divides the effective discharge range of the battery into N-1 voltage segment intervals. When the battery is detected to meet the conditions for being fully charged and left to rest, the battery's SOC is calibrated to 100%. When the battery voltage is detected to reach the starting voltage anchor point of a certain voltage segment interval, the real-time discharge amount and SOC within that voltage segment interval are calculated based on the preset capacity and real-time discharge current of that interval. When the battery voltage reaches the termination voltage anchor point of the voltage segment interval and triggers an interrupt signal, the real-time SOC calculated at the moment the interrupt signal is triggered is calibrated to the preset SOC corresponding to the voltage anchor point, and the cumulative discharge amount of the voltage segment interval is recorded as the preset capacity of the voltage segment interval.

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