A power supply system and terminal

Abstract

A power supply system and a terminal are applied to the technical field of battery management. In the power supply system, a first DCDC, at least two main power distribution units and a second DCDC are sequentially electrically connected. Each main power distribution unit has a main path power supply path powered by the first DCDC and a main path power supply path powered by the second DCDC. Each main power distribution unit is directly connected with at least one storage battery, that is, each main power distribution unit has a main path power supply path powered by the storage battery. When any one of the at least three main path power supply paths of any one main power distribution unit fails, the power supply system can realize long-time power supply of the load in the power supply system, and improve the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system. Moreover, when any two of the at least three main path power supply paths of any one main power distribution unit fail, the power supply system can also realize that the load in the power supply system is not immediately powered off, and the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a power supply system and terminal. Background Technology

[0002] A direct current to direct current converter (DCDC) is an important electrical component widely used in electronic systems that require efficient power management and voltage conversion. A DCDC can convert one DC voltage to another, for example, converting the high-voltage DC power from a vehicle's power source (such as a battery) into the low-voltage DC power required by the load.

[0003] As the load in electronic systems increases, the overall power consumption of the load also increases accordingly. Low-voltage loads can easily exceed the rated power of a single DC-DC converter. Therefore, the industry is exploring the use of dual DC-DC converters to provide power to the loads of electronic systems. Some simple dual DC-DC systems lack effective fault isolation and backup path switching mechanisms, which can force some critical loads of the electronic system to lose power in the event of a power failure, leading to the failure of the entire electronic system. This results in poor system stability and potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a power supply system and terminal that can improve the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a power supply system including a first DC-DC converter, a second DC-DC converter, at least two main power distribution units, at least one battery, and at least one load. The first DC-DC converter, the at least two main power distribution units, and the second DC-DC converter are electrically connected sequentially. Each of the at least two main power distribution units is directly connected to at least one battery. Each main power distribution unit is connected to at least one load.

[0006] In the aforementioned power supply system, the first DC-DC converter, at least two main distribution units, and the second DC-DC converter are sequentially electrically connected. That is, the first and second DC-DC converters are located at opposite ends of the power supply system. Each main distribution unit has a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter and a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter. Each main distribution unit is directly connected to at least one battery, meaning each main distribution unit has a main power supply path powered by a battery. In other words, each main distribution unit has at least three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter, a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter, and a main power supply path powered by at least one battery.

[0007] When any one of the at least three main power supply paths fails, the other two main power supply paths can still continue to supply power to the loads in the power supply system, ensuring uninterrupted power to all loads. This enables long-term power supply to these loads during power failure scenarios, maintaining core functions and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system. If the power supply system is used to power loads in a vehicle, it can support the vehicle's safe departure from danger zones or arrival at a repair station during power failure scenarios, improving vehicle driving safety.

[0008] When the main power supply path powered by the battery and the main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter among the at least three main power supply paths fail, or when the main power supply path powered by the battery and the main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter among the three main power supply paths fail, the other main power supply path powered by the DC-DC converter can still continue to supply power to the loads in the power supply system. This enables long-term power supply to these loads in the event of a power failure, thereby improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system.

[0009] When both the main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter and the main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter of a certain main power distribution unit fail, the main power supply path powered by the battery of that main power distribution unit can still continue to supply power to the loads in the power supply system, so that the loads in the power supply system are not immediately cut off and the power supply to these loads is maintained for a short time. If the power supply system is used to supply power to the loads in the vehicle, the power supply system can support the vehicle to safely drive away from the danger zone in the event of a power failure (such as realizing parking on the side of the road).

[0010] In summary, even if any one of the at least three main power supply paths in any main distribution unit fails, the power supply system can ensure that all loads within the system remain powered, enabling long-term power supply and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system. Furthermore, even if any two of the at least three main power supply paths in any main distribution unit fail, the power supply system can still ensure that none of the loads within the system are immediately de-energized, further enhancing the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system.

[0011] In addition, in the above power supply system, the first DC-DC and the second DC-DC are located at the beginning and end of the power supply system, respectively. When the power supply demand of the terminal load is small, only one DC-DC (such as the first DC-DC or the second DC-DC) is used to supply power to the entire terminal load and battery. At this time, the current will only flow out from one DC-DC and pass through the main power distribution unit to the load or battery. It is a unidirectional power supply, and there will be no current flowing back to this DC-DC. At this time, there is no energy crosstalk problem.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, at least one load includes a first load, which is directly connected to at least one main power distribution unit.

[0013] In the above embodiments, the main power distribution unit can directly supply power to the first load without any series components in between, which can reduce the possibility of series component failure and lower the probability of power outage failure. If the power supply system is used to supply power to loads in the vehicle, the first load may include high-power loads or critical loads such as steering devices, braking devices, and electric drive devices. These loads are directly powered by the main power distribution unit, which can reduce the amount of cabling used in the main power supply path and make the busbar length more optimal.

[0014] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, at least one load includes a second load, and the power supply system further includes an intermediate power distribution unit. The second load is connected to a main power distribution unit via the intermediate power distribution unit. The connection and disconnection of the power supply circuit between the second load and the main power distribution unit are controlled by the status of the intermediate power distribution unit.

[0015] If all loads are directly powered by the main power distribution unit, in the event of some load failures (such as compressor start-stop shocks, short circuits, or frequent leakage due to aging appliances), the fuses in the main power distribution unit will blow directly (also known in the industry as tripping the main fuse), causing a large number of loads to lose power. In the above implementation, the main power distribution unit supplies power to the second load through an intermediate power distribution unit, achieving hierarchical isolation of power distribution. When the second load (such as air conditioner, vehicle entertainment system, ambient lighting, etc.) fails, only the fuses in the intermediate power distribution unit blow, resulting in the loss of power to only this power supply branch and not affecting the power supply to other power supply circuits. This avoids accidental power outages in critical circuits and improves the reliability of the power supply system.

[0016] In addition, in extreme fault scenarios (such as the failure of any two of the three main power supply paths), the power supply circuit to the second load (such as air conditioning, vehicle entertainment, ambient lighting, etc.) can be cut off through the intermediate power distribution unit, so as to stop the power supply to the second load, prioritize the power supply to the first load, and ensure power safety.

[0017] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, when the number of main power distribution units in at least two main power distribution units is greater than or equal to three, there are multiple power supply circuits between the at least two main power distribution units.

[0018] In the above embodiments, there are multiple power supply circuits between the main power distribution units. When one power supply circuit fails (such as a circuit break), power can be supplied through other power supply circuits to realize the power supply to the load in the power supply failure scenario, avoid the load power loss caused by the failure of a single power supply circuit, and improve the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system.

[0019] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, at least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit and a second main power distribution unit, and at least one battery includes a first battery. The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to a first DC-DC converter via a first switch. The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to the first battery via a second switch. The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to the second main power distribution unit via a third switch.

[0020] The first DC-DC converter, at least two main power distribution units, and the second DC-DC converter are electrically connected in sequence. The at least two main power distribution units include the first main power distribution unit and the second main power distribution unit, that is, the first DC-DC converter, the first main power distribution unit, the second main power distribution unit, and the second DC-DC converter are electrically connected in sequence.

[0021] The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to the first DC-DC converter via a first switch. That is, the first switch is located on the main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter. When the first switch is open or fails, the first DC-DC converter cannot continue to supply power to the first main power distribution unit. The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to the first battery via a second switch. That is, the second switch is located on the main power supply path powered by the first battery. When the second switch is open or fails, the first battery cannot continue to supply power to the first main power distribution unit. The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to the second main power distribution unit via a third switch. The first DC-DC converter, the first main power distribution unit, the second main power distribution unit, and the second DC-DC converter are sequentially electrically connected. That is, the third switch is located on the main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter. When the third switch is open or fails, the second DC-DC converter cannot continue to supply power to the first main power distribution unit.

[0022] In other words, the first, second, and third switches are respectively installed on the three main power supply paths of the first main power distribution unit. When any one of these three switches is open or fails, the other two main power supply paths can still continue to supply power to the loads in the power supply system, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to all loads and enabling long-term power supply to the loads in the power supply system, thereby improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system. When any two of these three switches are open or fail, the loads in the power supply system are not immediately de-energized, further improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system.

[0023] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are all bidirectional switches, and the bidirectional switches have bidirectional conduction capability.

[0024] In the above embodiments, the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch can all achieve bidirectional conduction, that is, enable bidirectional current flow, meet the bidirectional power supply requirements of redundant multi-power supply circuits. For example, the first main power distribution unit can supply power to the first battery through the second switch, and the first battery can also supply power to the first main power distribution unit through the second switch, without being unable to conduct due to reverse current.

[0025] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the bidirectional switch includes at least one of a bidirectional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a bidirectional gallium nitride (GaN) device, and a bidirectional switching module with an integrated diode. The bidirectional switch may include various device types, as long as they are capable of achieving bidirectional conduction capability.

[0026] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, at least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit and a second main power distribution unit, and at least one battery includes a first battery and a second battery. A first DC-DC converter, a first main power distribution unit, a second main power distribution unit, and a second DC-DC converter are electrically connected sequentially. The first main power distribution unit is directly connected to the first battery. The second main power distribution unit is directly connected to the second battery.

[0027] In the above embodiments, the power supply system can ensure uninterrupted power supply to all loads in the power supply system even when any one of the three main power supply paths of the first main power distribution unit (or the second main power distribution unit) fails, thus enabling long-term power supply to the loads and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system. Furthermore, the power supply system can also ensure that the loads in the power supply system are not immediately de-energized even when any two of the three main power supply paths of the first main power distribution unit (or the second main power distribution unit) fail, further improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system.

[0028] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, at least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit, a second main power distribution unit, and a third main power distribution unit, and at least one battery includes a first battery and a second battery. A first DC-DC converter, a first main power distribution unit, a second main power distribution unit, a third main power distribution unit, and a second DC-DC converter are sequentially electrically connected. The first main power distribution unit is directly connected to the first battery. The second main power distribution unit is directly connected to the first battery and / or the second battery. The third main power distribution unit is directly connected to the second battery.

[0029] In the above embodiments, the power supply system can ensure that all loads in the power supply system are continuously powered even when any one of the three main power supply paths of the first main power distribution unit (or the second main power distribution unit or the third main power distribution unit) fails, thus achieving long-term power supply to the loads and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system. Furthermore, the power supply system can also ensure that none of the loads in the power supply system are immediately de-energized even when any two of the three main power supply paths of the first main power distribution unit (or the second main power distribution unit or the third main power distribution unit) fail, further improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system.

[0030] Secondly, this application provides a terminal that includes the aforementioned power supply system. For example, the terminal can be a device with power supply requirements, such as a smart home device, smart transportation device, or smart manufacturing device, like a vehicle or robot.

[0031] The beneficial effects in the second aspect can be found in the beneficial effects in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply system. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0034] As the load in electronic systems increases, the overall power consumption of the load also increases accordingly. Low-voltage load power can easily exceed the rated power of a single DC-DC converter. Therefore, the industry is exploring the use of dual DC-DC converters to provide power to the loads of electronic systems.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply system. The input terminal of the main DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the electric drive power supply. The output terminal of the main DC-DC junction box is connected to the main battery and the rear domain control power supply, respectively. The main battery is connected to the front compartment electrical box and the right front domain control power supply through the main junction box. The input terminal of the auxiliary DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the electric drive power supply. The output terminal of the auxiliary DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the auxiliary battery. The auxiliary battery is connected to the intelligent power (IP) electrical box and the left front domain control power supply through the auxiliary junction box. Figure 1In the power supply system, the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box are located in the middle of the system. The main DC-DC junction box supplies power to the right front domain controller, rear domain controller, main battery, and front compartment electrical box via power supply circuit A. The auxiliary DC-DC junction box supplies power to the left front domain controller, auxiliary battery, and IP electrical box via power supply circuit B. Power supply circuits A and B are independently powered by two busbars. If a busbar fault occurs, such as the main DC-DC junction box failing, or switch 1 permanently disconnecting or failing, loads powered by the main DC-DC (such as the right front domain controller, rear domain controller, and loads connected to the front compartment electrical box) can only rely on the main battery for a short period of power (e.g., a 150A load can be powered for 8 minutes by a 20Ah battery), affecting the overall vehicle availability. Similarly, if the auxiliary DC-DC junction box fails, or switch 2 permanently disconnecting or failing, loads powered by the auxiliary DC-DC (such as the left front domain controller and loads connected to the IP electrical box) can only rely on the auxiliary battery for a short period of power, affecting the overall vehicle availability. In other words, Figure 1 When a bus fault or main power switch (switch 1 and switch 2) occurs within the power supply system, it often leads to the paralysis of the entire power supply system or a large-scale loss of power supply to the load, making it impossible to maintain the basic driving ability of the vehicle. The vehicle may not be able to safely leave the danger zone or reach the repair station.

[0036] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system. The input terminal of DC-DC1 is electrically connected to the electric drive power supply, and the input terminal of DC-DC2 is also electrically connected to the electric drive power supply. The output terminal of DC-DC1 is electrically connected to isolators 1 and 3, and the output terminal of DC-DC2 is electrically connected to isolators 2 and 4. Isolator 1 is electrically connected to battery 2, and isolator 2 is electrically connected to battery 1. Isolator 3 is connected to the brake, steering, autopilot, warning system, other loads, and battery 1, respectively. Isolator 4 is connected to the brake, steering, autopilot, warning system, other loads, and battery 2, respectively. Figure 2 The power supply system is essentially a ring power supply architecture. In a ring power supply architecture, current circulation is highly likely to occur, leading to energy crosstalk problems. Even in a single DC-DC converter operation scenario, this power supply system exhibits energy crosstalk. For example, in a single DC-DC converter operation scenario, the current output from DC-DC converter 1 passes through isolator 3, battery 1, and isolator 2 to reach DC-DC converter 2, then passes through isolator 4, battery 2, and isolator 1 back to DC-DC converter 1. This bypasses intermediate loads such as braking, steering, autopilot, warning systems, and other loads, circulating between power sources, thus creating energy crosstalk and reducing the overall power supply efficiency of the system. Circulating current can also cause overheating of the DC-DC converter or lines, potentially requiring a larger heat dissipation design. In extreme cases, the circulating current may exceed the rated current of the modules in the power supply system, causing fuses to blow or power devices to burn out.

[0037] In view of this, this application provides a power supply system that ensures uninterrupted power supply to all loads in the power supply system even when any one of the at least three main power supply paths in any main distribution unit fails, thereby enabling long-term power supply to the loads and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system. Furthermore, the power supply system can also ensure that the loads in the power supply system are not immediately de-energized even when any two of the at least three main power supply paths in any main distribution unit fail, further improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system. In addition, the power supply system provided by this application does not suffer from the energy crosstalk problem of a ring power supply architecture, thus ensuring the overall power supply efficiency of the power supply system.

[0038] The following provides an exemplary description of systems that may be applied to this application. It should be noted that the system architecture and business scenarios described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in this application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0039] The following describes a power supply system provided by an embodiment of this application. Optionally, the power supply system in this application can be installed in a terminal to supply power to the load in the terminal. Exemplarily, the terminal can be a smart home device, a smart transportation device, a smart manufacturing device, etc. Smart transportation devices include, but are not limited to, automobiles, trucks, two-wheeled vehicles, aircraft, slow-moving transport vehicles, spacecraft, ships, ship-drones, trains, freight cars, drones, or logistics robots. Smart manufacturing devices include, but are not limited to, robots, smart industrial equipment, smart logistics, smart factories, etc. Smart home devices include, but are not limited to, smart door locks, robot vacuum cleaners, etc. In summary, the embodiments of this application are applicable to various types of terminals with power supply requirements. For ease of description, some embodiments use vehicles as an example of the terminal, but this application is also applicable to other types of terminals with power supply requirements.

[0040] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the power supply system 10 provided in this application embodiment includes a first DC-DC converter 101, a second DC-DC converter 102, and at least two main power distribution units (such as...). Figure 3 The main power distribution units 1031 to 103a shown (where a is a positive integer greater than 1), at least one battery, and at least one load.

[0041] A DC-DC converter (or DC-DC converter, such as the first DC-DC101 and the second DC-DC102) is a high-frequency power conversion device. It primarily utilizes switching devices (such as MOSFETs) to periodically control the switching of these devices, thereby achieving pulse modulation of the input voltage and realizing voltage conversion and automatic voltage regulation. A DC-DC converter is a switching power supply with both input and output voltage types being DC, used to convert high-voltage DC to low-voltage DC. For example, when connected to a vehicle's power battery, a DC-DC converter can stably convert the high-voltage DC power (e.g., 300V-500V) from the battery into low-voltage DC power (e.g., 12V, 48V) to power low-voltage electrical equipment and the battery in the vehicle.

[0042] Both the first DC-DC101 and the second DC-DC102 are related to the power battery ( Figure 3 (Not shown) This connection is used to convert the high-voltage electrical energy output from the power battery into low-voltage electrical energy. Taking a vehicle as an example, the power battery stores high-voltage direct current, directly providing high-voltage, high-current power to the drive motor to ensure the vehicle's power performance, or powering the vehicle's high-voltage electrical equipment; it is the vehicle's energy source.

[0043] The main power distribution unit (such as main power distribution units 1031 to 103a) is the power distribution hub of the power supply system 10, capable of receiving power transmitted from the main power supply paths (i.e., at least three main power supply paths as described below). Optionally, the main power distribution unit is equipped with internal buses, switches, and protective devices (such as fuses). The main power distribution unit can split the main power supply paths into multiple independent branch power supply paths through its internal buses, switches, and protective devices. These multiple independent branch power supply paths can supply power to multiple loads, thereby distributing the power transmitted from the main power supply paths to multiple loads and achieving power supply to multiple loads. For example, the main power distribution unit includes one or more of the following power distribution devices: power distribution unit (PDU), distribution box (DB), intelligent low-voltage distribution unit (IDU), and physical fuse distribution box.

[0044] The battery serves as a backup power source for the power supply system 10. When the terminal is in sleep mode or the DC-DC converters (such as the first DC-DC converter 101 and the second DC-DC converter 102) are not working / faulty / malfunction, it supplies power to at least one load, ensuring that the terminal can operate normally for a short period of time (such as unlocking the vehicle normally, safely leaving a dangerous area, parking on the side of the road, etc.). The number of batteries can be one or more, and there is no specific limitation here.

[0045] The load is the electrical equipment in the terminal. Taking a vehicle as an example, at least one load includes one or more of the following: steering system, braking system, electric drive system, air conditioning, in-vehicle entertainment system, ambient lighting, etc.

[0046] The first DC-DC101, at least two main power distribution units, and the second DC-DC102 are electrically connected in sequence. Figure 3 The first DC-DC101, main power distribution unit 1031, main power distribution unit 103a, and second DC-DC102 are electrically connected in sequence. It can be seen that at least two main power distribution units are connected in series. Optionally, when the terminal is a vehicle, at least two main power distribution units are arranged in series in the front, middle, and rear compartments of the vehicle, as shown below. Figure 7 or Figure 8 .

[0047] Each of the at least two main power distribution units must be directly connected to at least one battery. Figure 3 The main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to at least one battery, and the main power distribution unit 103a is also electrically connected to at least one battery. It should be noted that none of the at least one battery is located in the current transmission path formed by the sequential electrical connection of the first DC-DC converter 101, at least two main power distribution units, and the second DC-DC converter 102; instead, it is connected to this current transmission path through the main power distribution unit. Direct connection here means that the battery is connected to the main power distribution unit without passing through other power distribution units. Of course, connecting the battery to the main power distribution unit through a switch can also be considered a direct connection. Optionally, each main power distribution unit is directly connected to the battery closest to it to reduce the amount of cabling in the main power supply path powered by the batteries, resulting in a more efficient busbar length.

[0048] Each main power distribution unit must be connected to at least one load. (Combined) Figure 3 Main distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to at least one load, and main distribution unit 103a is electrically connected to at least one load. Each main distribution unit is used to supply power to at least one load.

[0049] In some possible implementations, when the power supply system 10 is working normally, if the load power demand of the terminal is small, only one DC-DC converter (such as the first DC-DC converter or the second DC-DC converter) is used to power the entire load and battery of the terminal. If the load power demand of the terminal is large, two DC-DC converters (i.e., the first DC-DC converter and the second DC-DC converter) are used to power the entire load and battery of the terminal simultaneously.

[0050] Combination Figure 3Each main power distribution unit has at least three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by a first DC-DC converter 101, a main power supply path powered by a second DC-DC converter 102, and a main power supply path powered by at least one battery. For example, main power distribution unit 1031 has at least three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter 101, a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter 102 through main power distribution unit 103a, and a main power supply path powered by at least one battery. In the event of an abnormality or failure in the power supply system 10, for example, when any one of the at least three main power supply paths of any main power distribution unit fails, the power supply system 10 can ensure that all loads in the power supply system 10 are continuously powered, enabling long-term power supply to the loads in the power supply system 10 and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10. Moreover, when any two of the three main power supply paths of any main power distribution unit fail, the power supply system 10 can ensure that the loads in the power supply system 10 are not immediately de-energized, thereby improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10.

[0051] Moreover, in the power supply system 10, the first DC-DC 101 and the second DC-DC 102 are located at the beginning and end of the power supply system 10, respectively. When the load power demand of the terminal is small, only one DC-DC (such as the first DC-DC 101 or the second DC-DC 102) is used to power the entire terminal load and battery. At this time, the current will only flow out from one DC-DC and pass through the main power distribution unit to the load or battery. It is a unidirectional power supply, and there will be no current flowing back to this DC-DC. At this time, there is no energy crosstalk problem.

[0052] The basic structure of the power supply system 10 has been described above. Below, some possible designs of this application are introduced. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0053] Combination Figure 4 At least one load includes at least one of loads 1041 to 104b (where b is a positive integer greater than 0). In some possible implementations, at least one load includes a first load (such as...). Figure 4As shown in load 1041, the first load is directly connected to at least one main power distribution unit. For example, load 1041 is directly connected to main power distribution unit 1031. Direct connection here means that the load is not connected to the main power distribution unit through other loads or other power distribution units. Of course, a load connected to the main power distribution unit through a switch can also be considered a direct connection. Taking a vehicle as an example, the first load may include critical loads or high-power loads such as steering devices, braking devices, and electric drive devices. These loads are very important, and in the event of a fault, it is necessary to maintain the power supply to these loads as much as possible to ensure the safety of the terminal.

[0054] In some other possible implementations, at least one load includes a second load (such as...). Figure 4 The power supply system also includes an intermediate power distribution unit 105, which is shown as load 104b. The second load is connected to a main power distribution unit via the intermediate power distribution unit; for example, load 104b is connected to main power distribution unit 103a via intermediate power distribution unit 105. The connection and disconnection of the power supply circuit between the second load and the main power distribution unit is controlled by the state of the intermediate power distribution unit. That is, when the intermediate power distribution unit 105 is in the off state, the power supply circuit between load 104b and main power distribution unit 103a is disconnected, and main power distribution unit 103a stops supplying power to load 104b. Taking a vehicle as an example, the second load may include non-critical loads such as air conditioning, vehicle entertainment, and ambient lighting. In case of a fault, power supply to these non-critical loads can be stopped, prioritizing the power supply to critical loads to ensure electrical safety.

[0055] In some other possible implementations, when the number of main distribution units in at least two main distribution units is greater than or equal to three, there are multiple power supply circuits between at least two main distribution units. See also... Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. At least two main power distribution units include three main power distribution units: main power distribution unit 1031, main power distribution unit 1032, and main power distribution unit 1033. Multiple power supply circuits exist between these three main power distribution units. For example, the multiple power supply circuits include one where main power distribution unit 1031 sequentially transmits electrical energy to main power distribution unit 1032 and main power distribution unit 1033, and another where main power distribution unit 1031 directly transmits electrical energy to main power distribution unit 1033. In other words, at least two main power distribution units can not only be connected in series end to end, but also cross-connected in the middle. For example, the three main power distribution units 1031, 1032 and 1033 are connected in series end to end, and main power distribution units 1031 and 1032 are cross-connected to form a closed-loop redundancy of main power distribution units 1031, 1032 and 1033, which can improve the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10.

[0056] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. In some possible implementations, at least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit (such as...). Figure 6 The main power distribution unit 1031 shown) and the second main power distribution unit (as shown) Figure 6 The main power distribution unit 1032 shown includes at least one battery, including a first battery. The main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to a first DC-DC converter 101 via a first switch. The main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to the first battery via a second switch. The main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to the main power distribution unit 1032 via a third switch. Optionally, the first, second, and third switches are all bidirectional switches, possessing bidirectional conduction capability. For example, the main power distribution unit 1031 can supply power to the first battery via the second switch, and the first battery can also supply power to the main power distribution unit 1031 via the second switch, i.e., current can flow bidirectionally. Exemplarily, the bidirectional switch includes at least one of a MOSFET, a bidirectional GaN device, and a bidirectional switching module with an integrated diode. In some cases, one or more of the first, second, and third switches may be integrated into the main power distribution unit 1031.

[0057] In some possible implementations, the power supply voltage of the power supply system 10 can be 48V, 12V, etc., and can be flexibly designed according to the power supply requirements of the terminal. For example, if the terminal's load requires 12V, and the output voltage of the first DC-DC converter 101 and the second DC-DC converter 102 is 12V, the main power distribution unit can directly provide 12V to the load inside the terminal. Alternatively, if the output voltage of the first DC-DC converter 101 and the second DC-DC converter 102 is 48V, the main power distribution unit can be equipped with a voltage conversion module to convert the 48V voltage to 12V, thereby providing 12V to the load inside the terminal.

[0058] In some possible implementations, the first DC-DC converter 101 and the second DC-DC converter 102 in the power supply system 10 need to supply power to the load or battery in the power supply system 10. The first DC-DC converter 101 or the second DC-DC converter 102 can be configured to operate at the highest voltage of the power supply system 10. For example, designing the output voltage of the first DC-DC converter 101 or the second DC-DC converter 102 to be higher than the output voltage of all other power sources (such as the battery) in the power supply system 10 enables the first DC-DC converter 101 or the second DC-DC converter 102 to be configured to operate at the highest voltage of the power supply system 10. For instance, if the highest output voltage of the battery is 13.2V, and the output voltage of the first DC-DC converter 101 or the second DC-DC converter 102 is designed to be 13.5V, which is higher than the 13.2V of the battery, closed-loop control can be used to maintain the first DC-DC converter 101 or the second DC-DC converter 102 at this highest output voltage state, thus enabling the first DC-DC converter 101 or the second DC-DC converter 102 to be configured to operate at the highest voltage of the power supply system 10. When the load power demand of the terminal is small, only one DC-DC converter (such as the first DC-DC101 or the second DC-DC102) is used to power the entire terminal load and battery. The DC-DC converter is configured to the highest voltage of the power supply system 10. At this time, the current will only flow out of one DC-DC converter and pass through the main power distribution unit to the load or battery. It is a unidirectional power supply, and there will be no current flowing back to this DC-DC converter. At this time, there is no energy crosstalk problem.

[0059] In actual use, the above power supply system 10 may have a variety of possible system designs. Two possible system designs are introduced below.

[0060] For System Design 1, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. At least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit (e.g., Figure 7 The main power distribution unit 1031 shown) and the second main power distribution unit (as shown) Figure 7 The main power distribution unit 1032 shown at least one battery includes a first battery (e.g., Figure 7 The battery shown is 1) and the second battery (e.g. Figure 7 The battery 2 shown is connected in sequence to the first DC-DC converter 101, the main power distribution unit 1031, the main power distribution unit 1032, and the second DC-DC converter 102. The main power distribution unit 1031 is directly connected to the battery 1. The main power distribution unit 1032 is directly connected to the battery 2. The main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to the load 1 and can supply power to the load 1. Both the main power distribution unit 1031 and the main power distribution unit 1032 are electrically connected to the load 2 and can supply power to the load 2.

[0061] For example, the main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to the first DC-DC converter 101 via switch 1. Optionally, the first DC-DC converter 101 is electrically connected to the main power distribution unit 1031 via switch 7, that is, the main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to the first DC-DC converter 101 via switches 1 and 7. When either switch 1 or switch 7 is open or fails, the main power supply path of the main power distribution unit 1031 powered by the first DC-DC converter 101 is disconnected, and the first DC-DC converter 101 cannot continue to supply power to the main power distribution unit 1031.

[0062] The main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to the battery 1 via switch 2. Optionally, the battery 1 is electrically connected to the main power distribution unit 1031 via switch 10, that is, the main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to the battery 1 via both switches 2 and 10. When either switch 2 or switch 10 is open or fails, the main power supply path of the main power distribution unit 1031 from the battery 1 is disconnected, and the battery 1 can no longer supply power to the main power distribution unit 1031.

[0063] Main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to main power distribution unit 1032 via switch 3. Optionally, main power distribution unit 1032 is electrically connected to main power distribution unit 1031 via switch 6, that is, main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to main power distribution unit 1032 via switches 3 and 6. Since the first DC-DC converter 101, main power distribution unit 1031, main power distribution unit 1032, and second DC-DC converter 102 are sequentially electrically connected, when any one of switches 3 and 6 is open or fails, the main power supply path of main power distribution unit 1031 powered by second DC-DC converter 102 is disconnected, and second DC-DC converter 102 cannot continue to supply power to main power distribution unit 1031.

[0064] The main power distribution unit 1031 has three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC 101, a main power supply path powered by the battery 1, and a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC 102.

[0065] For example, the main power distribution unit 1032 is electrically connected to the second DC-DC converter 102 via switch 4. Optionally, the second DC-DC converter 102 is electrically connected to the main power distribution unit 1032 via switch 8, that is, the main power distribution unit 1032 is electrically connected to the second DC-DC converter 102 via switches 4 and 8. When either switch 4 or switch 8 is open or fails, the main power supply path of the main power distribution unit 1032 powered by the second DC-DC converter 102 is disconnected, and the second DC-DC converter 102 cannot continue to supply power to the main power distribution unit 1032.

[0066] The main power distribution unit 1032 is electrically connected to the battery 2 via switch 5. Optionally, the battery 2 is electrically connected to the main power distribution unit 1032 via switch 9, meaning the main power distribution unit 1032 is electrically connected to the battery 2 via both switches 5 and 9. When either switch 5 or switch 9 is open or fails, the main power supply path of the main power distribution unit 1032 from the battery 2 is disconnected, and the battery 2 can no longer supply power to the main power distribution unit 1032.

[0067] Similarly, when any one of switches 3 and 6 is disconnected or fails, the main power supply path of the main power distribution unit 1032, which is powered by the first DC-DC 101, is disconnected, and the first DC-DC 101 cannot continue to supply power to the main power distribution unit 1032.

[0068] In some cases, one or more of switches 1, 2, and 3 may be integrated into the main power distribution unit 1031. One or more of switches 4, 5, and 6 may be integrated into the main power distribution unit 1032. Switch 7 may be integrated into the first DC-DC converter 101. Switch 8 may be integrated into the second DC-DC converter 102. Switch 9 may be integrated into the battery 2. Switch 10 may be integrated into the battery 1.

[0069] The main power distribution unit 1032 has three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC 101, a main power supply path powered by the battery 2, and a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC 102.

[0070] Based on the above example, both main power distribution unit 1031 and main power distribution unit 1032 have three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC 101, a main power supply path powered by a battery (such as battery 1 or battery 2), and a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC 102.

[0071] Taking the main power distribution unit 1031 as an example, when any one of the three main power supply paths fails—for example, the failure of the first DC-DC 101 (e.g., a fault in the first DC-DC 101 or a broken wiring harness), the failure of the second DC-DC 102 (e.g., a fault in the second DC-DC 102 or a broken wiring harness), the failure of battery 1 (e.g., a fault in battery 1 or a broken wiring harness), the failure of switch 7, switch 1, switch 2, switch 10, switch 6, or switch 3—the other two main power supply paths of the main power distribution unit 1031 can still continue to supply power to load 1. Load 1 will not lose power, enabling long-term power supply to load 1 in power failure scenarios, maintaining core function operation, and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10. Switch failure (e.g., failure of any one of switches 1 to 10) can include switch malfunctions, excessive inrush current, short circuits in branch loads (e.g., causing the switch to erroneously shut off protection), and broken wiring harnesses.

[0072] When the main power supply path powered by battery 1 and the main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC101 fail, the main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC102 can still continue to supply power to load 1. Load 1 will not lose power, thus enabling long-term power supply to load 1 in the event of a power failure, maintaining the operation of core functions, and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10. The failure of the main power supply path powered by battery 1 and the main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter 101 may include a short circuit between the busbar powered by battery 1 and the busbar powered by the first DC-DC converter 101, simultaneous failure of battery 1 and the first DC-DC converter 101, or failure of switches on the main power supply path powered by battery 1 and the main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter 101 (such as at least one of switches 2 and 10, and at least one of switches 1 and 7). Similarly, the failure of the main power supply path powered by battery 1 and the main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter 102 may include a short circuit between the busbar powered by battery 1 and the busbar powered by the second DC-DC converter 102, simultaneous failure of battery 1 and the second DC-DC converter 102, or failure of switches on the main power supply path powered by battery 1 and the main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter 102.

[0073] When the main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC101 and the main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC102 fail (e.g., abnormal high voltage in the battery management system (BMS)), the main power supply path powered by the battery 1 can still continue to supply power to the load 1, so that the load 1 is not immediately disconnected and the power supply to the load 1 is maintained for a short time. If the power supply system 10 is used to supply power to the load in the vehicle, the power supply system 10 can support the vehicle to safely leave the dangerous area in the event of a power failure (e.g., to achieve parking on the side of the road).

[0074] The failure scenario of the three main power supply paths of the main power distribution unit 1032 is similar to the aforementioned logic. That is, when any one of the three main power supply paths of the main power distribution unit 1031 or the main power distribution unit 1032 fails, the loads in the power supply system 10 will not be powered off, ensuring long-term power supply to the loads in the power supply system 10 and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10. Moreover, the power supply system 10 can also ensure that the loads in the power supply system 10 are not immediately powered off when any two of the three main power supply paths of any main power distribution unit fail, further improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10.

[0075] System Design 2, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. At least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit (e.g., Figure 8 The main power distribution unit 1031 shown), the second main power distribution unit (as shown) Figure 8 The main power distribution unit 1032 shown) and the third main power distribution unit (as shown) Figure 8 The main power distribution unit 1033 shown at least one battery includes a first battery (e.g., Figure 8 The battery shown is 1) and the second battery (e.g. Figure 8 The battery 2 shown is connected in sequence to the first DC-DC converter 101, main power distribution unit 1031, main power distribution unit 1032, main power distribution unit 1033, and the second DC-DC converter 102. The main power distribution unit 1031 is directly connected to the battery 1. The second main power distribution unit is directly connected to the first battery and / or the second battery, for example... Figure 8 Main power distribution unit 1032 is directly connected to battery 2. Main power distribution unit 1033 is also directly connected to battery 2. Main power distribution unit 1031 is electrically connected to load 1 and can supply power to load 1. Both main power distribution units 1031 and 1032 are electrically connected to load 2 and can supply power to load 2. Main power distribution unit 1033 is electrically connected to load 3 and can supply power to load 3.

[0076] In some cases, one or more of switches 1, 2, and 3 may be integrated into the main power distribution unit 1031. One or more of switches 4, 5, and 6 may be integrated into the main power distribution unit 1032. One or more of switches 11, 12, and 13 may be integrated into the main power distribution unit 1033. Switch 7 may be integrated into the first DC-DC converter 101. Switch 8 may be integrated into the second DC-DC converter 102. Switch 9 may be integrated into the battery 2. Switch 10 may be integrated into the battery 1.

[0077] The connection relationship of the main power distribution unit 1031 can be referred to the above. Figure 7 The relevant descriptions in the document will not be repeated here. The main power distribution unit 1031 has three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter 101, a main power supply path powered by the battery 1, and a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter 102.

[0078] Main power distribution unit 1032 is electrically connected to main power distribution unit 1033 via switch 4. Optionally, main power distribution unit 1033 is electrically connected to main power distribution unit 1032 via switch 11, that is, main power distribution unit 1032 is electrically connected to main power distribution unit 1033 via switches 4 and 11. Since the first DC-DC converter 101, main power distribution unit 1031, main power distribution unit 1032, main power distribution unit 1033, and second DC-DC converter 102 are sequentially electrically connected, when any one of switches 4 and 11 is open or fails, the main power supply path of main power distribution unit 1032 powered by second DC-DC converter 102 is disconnected, and second DC-DC converter 102 cannot continue to supply power to main power distribution unit 1032. Main power distribution unit 1032 has three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC converter 101, a main power supply path powered by the battery 2, and a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC converter 102.

[0079] For example, the main power distribution unit 1033 is electrically connected to the second DC-DC converter 102 via switch 13. Optionally, the second DC-DC converter 102 is electrically connected to the main power distribution unit 1033 via switch 8, that is, the main power distribution unit 1033 is electrically connected to the second DC-DC converter 102 via switches 13 and 8. When either switch 13 or switch 8 is open or fails, the main power supply path of the main power distribution unit 1033 powered by the second DC-DC converter 102 is disconnected, and the second DC-DC converter 102 cannot continue to supply power to the main power distribution unit 1033.

[0080] The main power distribution unit 1033 is electrically connected to the battery 2 via switch 12. Optionally, the battery 2 is electrically connected to the main power distribution unit 1033 via switch 9, meaning the main power distribution unit 1033 is electrically connected to the battery 2 via both switches 12 and 9. When either switch 12 or switch 9 is open or fails, the main power supply path of the main power distribution unit 1033 from the battery 2 is disconnected, and the battery 2 can no longer supply power to the main power distribution unit 1033.

[0081] Similarly, when any one of switches 4 and 11 is open or fails, the main power supply path of the main power distribution unit 1033, which is powered by the first DC-DC 101, is disconnected, and the first DC-DC 101 cannot continue to supply power to the main power distribution unit 1033.

[0082] The main power distribution unit 1033 has three main power supply paths: a main power supply path powered by the first DC-DC 101, a main power supply path powered by the battery 2, and a main power supply path powered by the second DC-DC 102.

[0083] The failure scenarios of the three main power supply paths of main power distribution units 1031, 1032, and 1033 are similar to the aforementioned logic. That is, even if any one of the three main power supply paths of any one of the main power distribution units 1031, 1032, and 1033 fails, the loads in the power supply system 10 will not be de-energized, ensuring long-term power supply and improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10. Furthermore, the power supply system 10 can also ensure that the loads in the power supply system 10 are not immediately de-energized even if any two of the three main power supply paths of any one of the main power distribution units fail, further improving the redundancy and reliability of the power supply system 10.

[0084] Optionally, Figure 7 and Figure 8 All switches in the system are two-way switches.

[0085] This application embodiment also provides a terminal, which includes the aforementioned power supply system 10. Exemplarily, the terminal can be a device with power supply requirements, such as a smart home device, smart transportation device, or smart manufacturing device, for example, a vehicle or robot.

[0086] In this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0087] In this application, "at least one" in the embodiments refers to one or more items, and "more than one" refers to two or more items. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, (a and b), (a and c), (b and c), or (a and b and c), where a, b, and c can be single or multiple. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0088] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the use of ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in the embodiments of this application is for distinguishing multiple objects and is not for limiting the order, sequence, priority or importance of multiple objects.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A power supply system, characterized in that, It includes a first DC-DC converter (DCDC), a second DC-DC converter, at least two main power distribution units, at least one battery, and at least one load; The first DC-DC converter, the at least two main power distribution units, and the second DC-DC converter are sequentially electrically connected; Each of the at least two main power distribution units is directly connected to at least one battery. Each main power distribution unit is connected to at least one load.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one load includes a first load; The first load is directly connected to at least one main power distribution unit.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The at least one load includes a second load, and the power supply system further includes an intermediate power distribution unit; The second load is connected to a main power distribution unit through the intermediate power distribution unit; The connection and disconnection of the power supply circuit between the second load and the main power distribution unit are controlled by the status of the intermediate power distribution unit.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, When the number of main power distribution units in the at least two main power distribution units is greater than or equal to three, there are multiple power supply circuits between the at least two main power distribution units.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The at least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit and a second main power distribution unit, and the at least one storage battery includes a first storage battery; The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to the first DC-DC converter via a first switch; The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to the first storage battery via the second switch; The first main power distribution unit is electrically connected to the second main power distribution unit via a third switch.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are all bidirectional switches, and the bidirectional switches have bidirectional conduction capability.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bidirectional switch includes at least one of a bidirectional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a bidirectional gallium nitride (GaN) device, and a bidirectional switching module with an integrated diode.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The at least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit and a second main power distribution unit, and the at least one storage battery includes a first storage battery and a second storage battery; The first DC-DC converter, the first main power distribution unit, the second main power distribution unit, and the second DC-DC converter are electrically connected in sequence. The first main power distribution unit is directly connected to the first storage battery; The second main power distribution unit is directly connected to the second battery.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The at least two main power distribution units include a first main power distribution unit, a second main power distribution unit, and a third main power distribution unit, and the at least one storage battery includes a first storage battery and a second storage battery; The first DC-DC converter, the first main power distribution unit, the second main power distribution unit, the third main power distribution unit, and the second DC-DC converter are electrically connected in sequence. The first main power distribution unit is directly connected to the first storage battery; The second main power distribution unit is directly connected to the first battery and / or the second battery; The third main power distribution unit is directly connected to the second battery.

10. A terminal, characterized in that, The terminal includes the power supply system as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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