A lighting device hybrid control device and method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of lamp control and provides a lighting device mixed connection control device and method, which comprises a master control integrated power adapter and at least two LED lighting loads, the master control integrated power adapter comprises a power conversion module, a control module and a short-distance wireless receiving module; the power conversion module converts alternating current commercial power into direct current in a safe special low voltage range; the master control integrated power adapter provides at least one safe special low voltage direct current output port; the master control integrated power adapter provides a constant direct current voltage output, and the working current is autonomously adapted by an LED load terminal; the master control integrated power adapter does not comprise a load category identification circuit, a current sampling identification circuit and an impedance detection circuit; the master control integrated power adapter is internally provided with an overload protection circuit, an over-temperature protection circuit and a short-circuit protection circuit. The application does not need to perform any load identification, category detection and parameter configuration, realizes plug and play and arbitrary mixed connection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lighting control technology, and specifically to a mixed-connection control device and method for lighting devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of LED lighting technology and the increasing variety of applications such as holiday decorations and landscape lighting, LED string lights have become an important part of indoor and outdoor decorative lighting. In practical applications, users often need to connect LED strings of different specifications to the same power adapter for unified management. Especially in scenarios where multiple specifications of the same product are mixed, users may use different specifications of string lights such as C6 spherical strings, C7 bulb strings, C9 bulb strings, E26 bulb strings, outdoor decorative strings, and eaves strings. Although these strings differ in size and rated power, they all belong to the same broad category of LED strings and have similar electrical characteristics, making them suitable for management through a unified constant voltage power supply platform.

[0003] In existing technologies, mixed LED string solutions mainly suffer from the following problems: First, load identification schemes increase system complexity and potential points of failure. Many existing solutions incorporate load type identification circuits, current sampling identification circuits, or impedance detection circuits at the connectors or main control terminals, attempting to automatically identify the type of connected lamp strings through electrical parameter detection. These identification circuits increase system costs, reduce reliability, and are prone to misjudgment due to poor contact, temperature changes, or component aging in practical applications, leading to identification failures or incorrect configurations.

[0004] Secondly, there are issues with the waterproof reliability and cost of the chip-embedded connector solution. Some existing solutions incorporate electronic chips (such as storage chips, identification chips, or communication chips) inside the waterproof connector. While this achieves a certain level of intelligent functionality, the electronic components within the connector significantly increase the difficulty and cost of waterproof design. Furthermore, chip failure will cause the entire light string branch to fail, violating the high reliability requirements of outdoor decorative lighting.

[0005] Thirdly, there is the issue of power supply compatibility between different specifications of LED strings. In existing technologies, LED strings of different specifications are often designed with independent power supplies, requiring users to equip each specification with a dedicated power adapter. This not only increases equipment costs and installation complexity but also makes synchronous control of multiple specifications of LED strings difficult.

[0006] Fourth, overvoltage and overcurrent protection is inadequate. Some existing solutions lack comprehensive overvoltage and overcurrent protection mechanisms at the output end. When the load is abnormal or the user accidentally connects incompatible equipment, it may damage the power adapter or LED string, or even cause safety hazards.

[0007] Fifth, the standardization of interfaces is low. Existing string light products have a variety of interface types, with separate power supply and control interfaces, a large number of connecting wires, cumbersome installation, and a lack of expandability, which is not conducive to product standardization and interchangeability.

[0008] Sixth, the technical bias in choosing between constant voltage and constant current drive architectures. A long-standing technical bias in the field exists that "LEDs must be driven by constant current," leading most solutions to centralize the constant current drive circuitry within the main control power adapter. This architecture forces the main control unit to precisely adjust the output current according to the load type, making it impossible to arbitrarily mix and match LED strings of different specifications. Those skilled in the art have not fully considered alternative architectures that distribute the constant current drive module to the load ends of each LED string, with the main control unit only providing a constant voltage bus, thus missing a technical path to achieve simpler mixing and matching. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention aims to provide a mixed-connection control device and method for lighting devices. To solve these problems, this invention employs the following technical solution: A mixed control device for lighting devices includes: an integrated main control power adapter and at least two LED lighting loads. The integrated main control power adapter includes a power conversion module, a control module and a short-range wireless receiving module. The power conversion module converts AC mains power into DC power within a safe extra-low voltage range; The integrated power adapter provides at least one safe extra-low voltage DC output port; The integrated power adapter provides a constant DC voltage output, which is automatically adapted to the operating current by the LED load terminal. The integrated power adapter does not include load type identification circuit, current sampling identification circuit and impedance detection circuit; Each LED lighting load has a built-in independent constant current drive module on its lamp head board. The input terminal of each constant current drive module is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC output port through a waterproof connector structure. The waterproof connector structure does not contain any electronic chips. The waterproof connector structure includes conductive terminals and a sealed insulating shell. Each LED lighting load includes LED strings of different specifications; Each LED lighting load independently adapts to its operating current through its own constant current drive module; The constant current drive module includes a lamp-end constant current drive chip, a current setting resistor, and a filter capacitor. The input terminal of the lamp-end constant current drive chip is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC bus, and the output terminal of the lamp-end constant current drive chip is connected to the LED lighting load. The lamp-end constant current drive chip stabilizes the output current at a preset value through an internal feedback circuit. The preset current value of each constant current drive module is set independently according to the specifications of the connected LED string, without affecting each other.

[0010] Optionally, the lamp-end constant current drive chip is a linear constant current drive chip or a switching constant current drive chip; The circuit structure of the lamp-end constant current drive chip includes: The input voltage pin is connected to the positive terminal of the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. Grounding pin, the grounding pin is connected to the negative terminal of the extra-low voltage DC bus; The output current pin is connected to the anode of the LED lighting load through a current setting resistor, and the cathode of the LED lighting load is connected back to the negative terminal of the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. The lamp-end constant current drive chip includes an over-temperature protection unit and a current sampling unit. The over-temperature protection unit automatically reduces the output current when the chip junction temperature exceeds a preset value. The current sampling unit achieves closed-loop current regulation by detecting the voltage drop across the current setting resistor.

[0011] Optionally, the safety extra-low voltage DC output port is a shared interface for power supply and data, and the safety extra-low voltage DC output port has at least two conductive terminals.

[0012] Optionally, the integrated main control power adapter is also equipped with an overload protection circuit, an over-temperature protection circuit, and a short-circuit protection circuit. The overload protection circuit includes an overvoltage protection circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit.

[0013] Optionally, the overvoltage protection circuit includes a voltage sampling resistor network and a comparator. The voltage sampling resistor network performs voltage division sampling on the output voltage of the safety extra-low voltage DC output port. The comparator compares the sampled voltage with an internally preset overvoltage protection threshold. When the sampled voltage exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold, a protection signal is output to the control module. The control module responds to the protection signal by cutting off or limiting the output voltage. The overcurrent protection circuit includes a series sampling resistor and a current sensing amplifier. The series sampling resistor is located in the DC output circuit, and the current sensing amplifier detects the voltage drop across the series sampling resistor. When the detected current exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold, it outputs a protection signal to the control module.

[0014] Optionally, the control module adjusts the brightness of each LED lighting load through pulse width modulation. The pulse width modulation signal is transmitted to each LED lighting load through the safety extra-low voltage DC output port. The constant current drive module of each LED lighting load receives the pulse width modulation signal and adjusts the effective value of the LED drive current according to the duty cycle to achieve brightness adjustment.

[0015] Optionally, the waterproof connector structure adopts an asymmetric mechanical foolproof structure, the conductive terminal is a copper alloy conductive terminal, and the sealed insulating shell is an insulating shell sealed by ultrasonic welding or double-layer injection molding process.

[0016] Optionally, the waterproof connector structure includes a magnetic interface structure, which includes an interconnected magnetic adsorption shell and a PogoPin elastic contact terminal. The PogoPin elastic contact terminal includes at least two elastic contacts, which are isolated from each other by insulating ribs. The magnetic adsorption shell adopts a radially symmetrical magnetic pole arrangement to ensure that the male and female connectors can achieve correct alignment and engagement at any rotation angle in the circumferential direction.

[0017] Optionally, the waterproof connector structure includes at least one of a mechanical plug-in interface structure, a flexible contact interface structure, or a threaded sealing interface structure. The conductive terminal includes one of a positive terminal for power supply, a grounding terminal, a data terminal for transmitting lighting control data, or a functional expansion terminal.

[0018] A method for controlling mixed-connection of lighting devices, comprising the following steps, using a mixed-connection control device to control LED lighting loads: S1. The power conversion module converts AC mains power into DC power within the safe extra-low voltage range, and outputs a constant DC voltage through the safe extra-low voltage DC output port; S2. Each LED lighting load is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC output port through its own waterproof connector structure; S3. The constant current drive modules at the lamp ends of each LED lighting load draw power from the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. Each constant current drive module converts the input constant voltage DC power into a constant current output to drive the corresponding LED lighting load. Each constant current drive module can independently adapt its working current and power according to the specifications of the connected LED string, so as to realize the arbitrary mixing of multiple specifications of LED strings of the same type on the same safety extra-low voltage DC bus. S4. The control module receives external control commands through a short-range wireless receiver module to perform unified lighting control on each LED lighting load.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention employs a constant-voltage busbar and constant-current architecture at the lamp ends, enabling arbitrary mixing of LED strings of the same type and specifications. Through an innovative architecture of "a constant-voltage busbar provided by the main controller + independent constant-current drive at the lamp string ends," it completely eliminates the need for "smart connectors" and their built-in chips used for load identification. LED strings of the same type and specifications with different voltage and current requirements (such as C6 spherical LED strings, C7 bulb LED strings, C9 bulb LED strings, E26 bulb LED strings, outdoor decorative LED strings, and eaves LED strings) automatically draw and stabilize to the required operating current from the busbar through their respective built-in constant-current drive modules. This allows them to be arbitrarily mixed and matched through a waterproof connector structure without any internal electronic chips. Each constant-current drive module operates independently, with preset current values ​​set independently according to the specifications of the connected LED strings, without affecting each other. The main controller does not need to identify the type of LED string, nor does it need to perform any load identification, category detection, parameter configuration, or manual setting operations, achieving true "plug and play, arbitrary mixing."

[0020] The waterproof connector features a zero-chip design, achieving ultra-high reliability and outdoor-grade waterproofing. Because it contains no internal electronic chips, consisting only of conductive terminals and a sealed housing, its structure is extremely simple and highly reliable. It easily achieves IP67 and higher waterproof sealing ratings, fundamentally eliminating system failures caused by the failure of internal electronic components. Compared to existing connector-embedded chip solutions, the waterproof connector of this invention significantly reduces costs and significantly improves waterproof reliability, making it particularly suitable for harsh applications such as outdoor decorative lighting.

[0021] A comprehensive overvoltage and overcurrent protection system ensures safe system operation. This invention incorporates an overvoltage protection circuit (OVP) and an overcurrent protection circuit (OCP) at the extra-low voltage DC output terminal. Furthermore, the integrated power adapter includes overload protection, overtemperature protection, and short-circuit protection circuits, forming a multi-layered protection system. The overvoltage protection circuit automatically cuts off or limits the output when the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold, and the overcurrent protection circuit automatically reduces the output current or cuts off the output when the output current exceeds a preset threshold. This effectively protects the power adapter and LED lighting load, preventing equipment damage and safety hazards caused by abnormal loads or misoperation.

[0022] The power supply and data share a common interface, simplifying installation and wiring. The safety extra-low voltage DC output port of this invention adopts a design that allows for the co-line transmission of power supply lines and data signal lines. The 4-pin interface structure, in addition to providing a positive power supply terminal and a ground terminal, adds a data signal terminal and a reserved detection terminal, which reduces the number of external connections, simplifies installation and wiring, and reserves expansion space for future functional upgrades. The magnetic interface variant, through the PogoPin elastic contact terminal and radially symmetrical magnetic pole arrangement, achieves alignment and engagement at any 360° rotation angle, greatly improving the convenience of insertion.

[0023] The extra-low voltage range design ensures personal safety. The output voltage range of this invention is 12V to 48V, preferably 36V, which strictly complies with the IEC61140 standard for SELV definition. Within this voltage range, even if leakage occurs in a humid environment or direct contact with the human body, it will not cause electric shock. It is particularly suitable for decorative lighting scenarios with high safety requirements, such as outdoor courtyards, poolside areas, and rainy weather.

[0024] Purely physical mixing, requiring no network dependence or intelligent configuration, the mixing control of this invention is entirely based on pure physical electrical connection, without involving any network communication, mobile applications, intelligent identification or data configuration; users only need to plug the light string plug into the output port to achieve mixing, the operation is extremely simple and intuitive, equally friendly to elderly users and non-technical users; the system has zero network dependence, zero privacy leakage risk, and requires no network configuration or account registration. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the following drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the control device for mixing multiple LED light strings of the same type and specifications in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a waterproof connector structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of multi-specification LED light strings being mixed in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply and data shared interface in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical," "upper," "lower," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] A mixed control device for lighting devices includes: an integrated main control power adapter and at least two LED lighting loads. The integrated main control power adapter includes a power conversion module, a control module and a short-range wireless receiving module. Short-range wireless receiver modules can incorporate the Z-Wave protocol to enable wireless networking.

[0031] The power conversion module converts AC mains power into DC power within a safe extra-low voltage range; The safety extra-low voltage range is 12V to 48V, preferably 36V; The integrated power adapter provides at least one safe extra-low voltage DC output port; The integrated power adapter provides a constant DC voltage output, which is automatically adapted to the operating current by the LED load terminal. The integrated power adapter does not include load type identification circuit, current sampling identification circuit and impedance detection circuit; Each LED lighting load has a built-in independent constant current drive module on its lamp head board. The input terminal of each constant current drive module is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC output port through a waterproof connector structure. The waterproof connector structure does not contain any electronic chips. The waterproof connector structure includes conductive terminals and a sealed insulating shell. Each LED lighting load includes LED strings of different specifications; Each LED lighting load independently adapts to its operating current through its own constant current drive module; Optionally, each LED lighting load may include LED strings of different specifications and / or low-voltage LED lighting fixtures.

[0032] Multiple strings of LED lights of the same type and specifications with different SKUs can be freely matched and connected to the same safe extra-low voltage DC output port on the safety extra-low voltage DC bus, and different lighting effects can be freely adjusted. The rated power, dimensions and / or installation scenarios of LED light strings vary (e.g., 90 strings, or more).

[0033] The constant current drive module includes a lamp-end constant current drive chip, a current setting resistor, and a filter capacitor. The input terminal of the lamp-end constant current drive chip is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC bus, and the output terminal of the lamp-end constant current drive chip is connected to the LED lighting load. The lamp-end constant current drive chip stabilizes the output current at a preset value through an internal feedback circuit. The preset current value of each constant current drive module is set independently according to the specifications of the connected LED string, without affecting each other.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lamp-end constant current driving chip is a linear constant current driving chip or a switching constant current driving chip; The circuit structure of the lamp-end constant current drive chip includes: The input voltage pin is connected to the positive terminal of the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. Grounding pin, the grounding pin is connected to the negative terminal of the extra-low voltage DC bus; The output current pin is connected to the anode of the LED lighting load through a current setting resistor, and the cathode of the LED lighting load is connected back to the negative terminal of the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. The lamp-end constant current drive chip includes an over-temperature protection unit and a current sampling unit. The over-temperature protection unit automatically reduces the output current when the chip junction temperature exceeds a preset value. The current sampling unit achieves closed-loop current regulation by detecting the voltage drop across the current setting resistor.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the safety extra-low voltage DC output port is a shared interface for power supply and data. The safety extra-low voltage DC output port includes at least two conductive terminals, specifically including a positive terminal for power supply, a grounding terminal, a data terminal for transmitting lighting control data, and at least one functional expansion terminal.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the integrated main control power adapter is further provided with an overload protection circuit, an over-temperature protection circuit and a short-circuit protection circuit, wherein the overload protection circuit includes an overvoltage protection circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overvoltage protection circuit includes a voltage sampling resistor network and a comparator. The voltage sampling resistor network performs voltage division sampling on the output voltage of the safety extra-low voltage DC output port. The comparator compares the sampled voltage with an internally preset overvoltage protection threshold. When the sampled voltage exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold, a protection signal is output to the control module. The control module responds to the protection signal by cutting off or limiting the output voltage. The overcurrent protection circuit includes a series sampling resistor and a current sensing amplifier. The series sampling resistor is located in the DC output circuit, and the current sensing amplifier detects the voltage drop across the series sampling resistor. When the detected current exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold, it outputs a protection signal to the control module.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control module adjusts the brightness of each LED lighting load through pulse width modulation (PWM). The PWM signal is transmitted to each LED lighting load through the safety extra-low voltage DC output port. The constant current drive module of each LED lighting load receives the PWM signal and adjusts the effective value of the LED drive current according to the duty cycle to achieve brightness adjustment.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waterproof connector structure employs an asymmetric mechanical foolproof structure, the conductive terminals are copper alloy conductive terminals, and the sealed insulating shell is an insulating shell sealed by ultrasonic welding or double-layer injection molding. The conductive terminals include one of the following: a positive terminal for power supply, a grounding terminal, a data terminal for transmitting lighting control data, or a functional expansion terminal.

[0040] The waterproof rating of the insulating housing is not lower than IP67 (all insulating housings with waterproof function are within the protection scope of this invention).

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waterproof connector structure includes a magnetic interface structure, which comprises a magnetically adsorbed housing and a PogoPin elastic contact terminal connected to each other. The PogoPin elastic contact terminal includes at least two elastic contacts, which can be positive contacts, negative contacts, data contacts, or reserved contacts. The contacts are isolated from each other by insulating ribs. The magnetically adsorbed housing adopts a radially symmetrical magnetic pole arrangement to ensure that the male and female connectors can achieve correct alignment and engagement at any rotation angle in the circumferential direction.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waterproof connector structure includes at least one of a mechanical plug-in interface structure, an elastic contact interface structure, or a threaded sealing interface structure.

[0043] A method for controlling mixed-connection of lighting devices, comprising the following steps, using a mixed-connection control device to control LED lighting loads: S1. The power conversion module converts AC mains power into DC power within the safe extra-low voltage range, and outputs a constant DC voltage through the safe extra-low voltage DC output port; S2. Each LED lighting load is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC output port through its own waterproof connector structure; S3. The constant current drive modules at the lamp ends of each LED lighting load draw power from the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. Each constant current drive module converts the input constant voltage DC power into a constant current output to drive the corresponding LED lighting load. Each constant current drive module can independently adapt its working current and power according to the specifications of the connected LED string, so as to realize the arbitrary mixing of multiple specifications of LED strings of the same type on the same safety extra-low voltage DC bus. S4. The control module receives external control commands through a short-range wireless receiver module to perform unified lighting control on each LED lighting load.

[0044] The overvoltage protection circuit is used to automatically cut off or limit the output when the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold, and the overcurrent protection circuit is used to automatically reduce the output current or cut off the output when the output current exceeds a preset threshold. The preset threshold is automatically adapted and determined according to the actual load. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among LED light strings of the same type and multiple specifications, the number of LED beads, single lamp power, color temperature parameters, light emission angle and / or lamp head dimensions of different specifications of light strings are different, but they all operate within the same safe extra-low voltage DC bus voltage range; the constant current drive module of each LED lighting load automatically adapts the output current according to the actual LED parameters of the connected light string, without the need for the main control terminal to identify the load; Example 1: System hardware configuration and constant voltage and constant current architecture. The mixed connection control device in this example mainly consists of two core components: a main control integrated power adapter and multiple LED lighting loads of the same type and specifications. The integrated power adapter includes: a power conversion module, a control module, a short-range wireless receiver module, an overvoltage protection circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, and a safe extra-low voltage DC output port. The power conversion module converts AC mains power into constant voltage DC power within a safe extra-low voltage range, with an output voltage range of 12V to 48V, preferably 36V. The selection of the safe extra-low voltage range is based on the definition of safe extra-low voltage (SELV) in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61140, ensuring that the output voltage does not exceed the human safety contact limit under any circumstances. The rated output power of the power conversion module automatically adapts to the total power of the actual connected LED lighting load, without the need for preset fixed power levels. The control module adopts an embedded microcontroller architecture and has the core control firmware of this invention embedded inside. It is responsible for executing functions such as instruction parsing, effect calculation, pulse width modulation control, and protection logic. The control module generates brightness control signals through pulse width modulation. The short-range wireless receiver module is connected to the control module via a serial data bus and is used to receive wireless control commands from an external remote controller; the short-range wireless receiver module preferably uses radio frequency wireless communication. The overvoltage protection circuit (OVP) includes a voltage sampling resistor network and a comparator. The voltage sampling resistor network consists of a first sampling resistor and a second sampling resistor connected in series, which performs voltage division sampling on the output voltage of the safety extra-low voltage DC output port. The inverting input of the comparator is connected to the series node of the first and second sampling resistors, and the non-inverting input is connected to an internal precision reference voltage source. When the output voltage rises abnormally due to a fault, causing the sampled voltage to exceed the overvoltage protection threshold, the comparator output flips, generating a protection signal to the control module. The control module responds to the protection signal by immediately cutting off the output of the power conversion module or reducing the output voltage to a safe range. The overcurrent protection circuit (OCP) includes a series sampling resistor and a current-sensing amplifier. The series sampling resistor is located in the negative path of the DC output circuit, and its resistance value is selected in the milliohm range to minimize additional power consumption. The input of the current-sensing amplifier is connected to both ends of the series sampling resistor to detect the small voltage drop across the sampling resistor in a differential manner. The detection result is amplified and sent to the analog-to-digital conversion input of the control module. When the detected current exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold, the control module performs current reduction or shutdown operations. The integrated power adapter also includes overload protection circuit, over-temperature protection circuit and short-circuit protection circuit, forming a multi-protection system. Each LED string has an independent constant current drive module inside its lamp headboard. The constant current drive module includes a lamp-end constant current drive chip, a current setting resistor, and a filter capacitor. The lamp-end constant current drive chip can be a linear constant current drive chip (such as a low-dropout linear constant current regulator) or a switching constant current drive chip (such as a buck constant current switching regulator), selected according to the power and efficiency requirements of the connected LED string. The input voltage pin (VIN) of the lamp-end constant current drive chip is connected to the positive terminal of the safety extra-low voltage DC bus, the ground pin (GND) is connected to the negative terminal of the bus, and the output current pin (IOUT) is connected to the anode of the LED load string through the current setting resistor (RSET). The cathode of the LED load string is connected back to the negative terminal of the bus. The filter capacitor is connected in parallel between the VIN pin and the GND pin to filter out bus voltage ripple. The lamp-end constant current driver chip integrates an over-temperature protection unit and a current sampling unit. The over-temperature protection unit automatically reduces the output current when the chip junction temperature exceeds a preset value (such as 150°C) to prevent the chip from overheating and being damaged. The current sampling unit achieves closed-loop current regulation by detecting the voltage drop across the current setting resistor RSET. The relationship between the output current IOUT and the resistance value of RSET is IOUT=VREF / RSET, where VREF is the internal reference voltage of the chip. The preset current value of each constant current drive module is set independently according to the specifications of the connected LED string; for example, the C6 spherical LED string is usually set to a smaller current value (corresponding to the rated current of the LED bead), and the C9 bulb LED string is set to a larger current value (corresponding to the rated current of the high-power LED bead), and each channel does not affect the others.

[0045] Example 2: Waterproof connector structure and mixed connection principle. The waterproof connector structure is the key physical interface for achieving mixed connection control in this example. The waterproof connector structure is a two-core or four-core connector. The interior only contains copper alloy nickel-plated conductive terminals and a waterproof shell sealed by ultrasonic welding or double-layer injection molding process. There is no PCB board, MCU or identification chip. The waterproof connector features an asymmetric mechanical foolproof design to ensure that users do not reverse the positive and negative terminals during connection; the insulating shell has a waterproof rating of no less than IP67, capable of withstanding short-term immersion in water without leakage; the conductive terminals are made of nickel-plated copper alloy, which has good conductivity, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, making it suitable for long-term outdoor use. The waterproof connector structure supports a variety of interface variations, such as: Mechanical plug-in interface structure: It adopts a snap-fit ​​or threaded tightening connection, and ensures connection reliability and sealing through mechanical snap-fit ​​or thread engagement force; Magnetic interface structure: It adopts a magnetic adsorption shell and PogoPin elastic contact terminals; the PogoPin elastic contact terminals include positive contacts, negative contacts, data contacts and reserved contacts, and each contact is isolated from each other by insulating ribs; the magnetic adsorption shell adopts a radially symmetrical magnetic pole arrangement (such as an outer ring of N poles and an inner ring of S poles, or an alternating arrangement along the circumference), ensuring that the male and female connectors can achieve correct alignment and engagement at any rotation angle in the circumferential direction, improving the convenience of insertion; Flexible contact interface structure: Electrical connection is achieved using spring pins or spring contacts, which is suitable for scenarios that require frequent disassembly and assembly; Threaded sealing interface structure: It adopts a threaded connection with a sealing ring, and the waterproof rating can reach IP68, which is suitable for long-term underwater or high humidity environments. When multiple LED light strings of the same type but different specifications and shapes are connected to the safety extra-low voltage busbar through this waterproof connector, the constant current drive module on the lamp head board of each light string will automatically convert and stabilize the constant voltage DC power at the busbar end to the constant current value required by the LED of the light string. For example, C6 spherical LED strings, C7 bulb LED strings, and C9 bulb LED strings can be connected in parallel to the constant voltage DC bus of the same integrated power adapter via their respective waterproof connectors. The constant current drive module of the C6 spherical LED string is set to the current value for driving low-power LED beads (e.g., 20mA per LED), the constant current drive module of the C7 bulb LED string is set to the current value for medium-power LED beads (e.g., 60mA per LED), and the constant current drive module of the C9 bulb LED string is set to the current value for high-power LED beads (e.g., 150mA per LED). The constant current drive modules of each LED string work independently, stabilizing the bus voltage to the constant operating current required by their respective LEDs without affecting each other. The main control terminal does not need to identify the type of LED string, and all LED strings work normally, realizing "plug and play, arbitrary mixing". Since the waterproof connector does not contain any electronic chips and consists only of conductive terminals and a sealed shell, its structure is extremely simple and its reliability is extremely high. It is easy to achieve IP67 and higher waterproof sealing levels, which fundamentally eliminates system failures caused by the failure of electronic components inside the connector. Example 3: Mixing multiple specifications of the same type of LED light string. Taking a courtyard decoration scenario as an example, the user mixed four different specifications of LED light strings on the safety extra-low voltage DC output port of the same integrated power adapter: (1) C6 spherical light string: 50 LED beads, 0.06W power per lamp, total power of about 3W, color temperature of 2700K warm white light, the lamp head is a small spherical shape, suitable for wrapping around bushes; (2) C7 bulb string: 25 LED beads, 0.4W per bulb, total power of about 10W, color temperature of 3000K warm white light, the bulb head is shaped like a candle bulb, suitable for hanging on the edge of the eaves; (3) C9 bulb string: 25 LED beads, divided into 5 strings × 5 beads in parallel, 5 LEDs in each string in series (total VF about 15-17V, compatible with 36V bus), single lamp power 0.6W, total power about 15W, color temperature 6500K pure white light, lamp head is large spherical, suitable for decorating large trees in the courtyard; (4) Eaves light string: 100 LED beads, 0.08W per lamp, total power of about 8W, RGB full color temperature, and the lamp head is icicle shaped, suitable for hanging under the eaves; The four types of light strings mentioned above differ in the number of LED beads, single-lamp power, color temperature parameters, beam angle, and lamp head dimensions, but all operate within the same 36V safety extra-low voltage DC bus voltage range.

[0046] Each LED string is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC output port of the main control integrated power adapter via its own waterproof connector. The constant current drive module of each string automatically adapts the output current according to the actual LED parameters of the connected string: the constant current drive module of the C6 spherical string is set to output current of approximately 83mA (3W / 36V), the C7 bulb string is set to output current of approximately 278mA (10W / 36V), and the C9 string is set to output current of approximately 417mA (15W / 36V). The current is shared equally among the parallel branches, and the roof string is set to output current of approximately 222mA (8W / 36V). Each constant current drive module works independently, drawing power from the 36V DC bus and converting it into its required constant current output. The total load power is approximately 36W, which is within the rated output power range of the integrated power adapter. Under the unified pulse width modulation control signal of the main control terminal, each LED string synchronously presents the same lighting effect (such as warm white breathing, rainbow flowing water, etc.). However, since each constant current drive module independently sets the current value, the brightness and color performance of different specifications of LED strings all reach the best working state. Users can unplug any of the light strings at any time (e.g., unplug the C7 bulb string and replace it with an E26 bulb string), or add a new light string branch. No parameter settings or load identification operations are required, and the newly connected light string will automatically enter normal working state, truly realizing a plug-and-play mixed connection experience.

[0047] Example 4: Lamp-end constant current drive circuit and overvoltage / overcurrent protection. The circuit structure of the lamp-end constant current drive chip is described in detail below: Taking the linear constant current drive chip solution as an example, the chip adopts a three-pin package structure, including VIN input pin, GND ground pin and IOUT output pin; VIN pin is connected to the positive terminal of 36V DC bus through a waterproof connector, and GND pin is connected to the negative terminal of the bus; IOUT pin is connected to the anode of LED load string through an external current setting resistor RSET; LED load string is composed of multiple LED beads connected in series, and its cathode is connected back to GND. The chip's internal circuitry includes: a reference voltage source that generates a stable internal reference voltage VREF (typically 0.2V); an error amplifier that compares the sampled voltage across the current setting resistor with VREF; a power adjustment transistor that adjusts the equivalent impedance between the IOUT pin and GND based on the output of the error amplifier; and an over-temperature protection unit that detects the chip junction temperature and intervenes to adjust it when it exceeds a preset value. The working principle of the constant current driving module is as follows: after the chip is powered on, the internal reference voltage source establishes a stable reference voltage; the error amplifier detects the voltage drop VRSET across RSET in real time. When VRSET < VREF, the error amplifier increases the conduction degree of the power regulating tube to increase the output current; when VRSET > VREF, it reduces the conduction degree of the power regulating tube to decrease the output current; through this negative feedback closed-loop adjustment, the output current is stabilized at IOUT=VREF / RSET; users can set different output currents by replacing RSET resistors with different resistance values to adapt to LED strings of different specifications; The over-temperature protection unit intervenes when the junction temperature of the chip exceeds a preset value (e.g., 150°C), gradually reduces the output current to make the chip temperature drop; when the temperature returns to normal, the output current automatically restores to the set value; this function provides protection when the light string works for a long time or the ambient temperature is too high, preventing LED from thermal light attenuation or damage; The detailed working principles of the over-voltage protection circuit (OVP) and over-current protection circuit (OCP) in the integrated main control power adapter are as follows: The over-voltage protection circuit comprises a voltage sampling resistor network and a comparator; the voltage sampling resistor network is formed by connecting a first sampling resistor with a resistance value of R1 and a second sampling resistor with a resistance value of R2 in series, and performs voltage division sampling on the 36V output voltage; the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator is connected to an internal precision reference voltage source VREF_OVP (e.g., 2.5V), and the inverting input terminal is connected to the series node of R1 and R2; the over-voltage protection threshold VTH_OVP is determined by R1, R2 and VREF_OVP: VTH_OVP=VREF_OVP×(R1+R2) / R2; when the output voltage exceeds VTH_OVP, the comparator outputs a high-level protection signal, and after receiving the signal, the control module performs a protection action, such as turning off the PWM output, cutting off the output of the power conversion module or reducing the output voltage; The over-current protection circuit comprises a series sampling resistor RSENSE and a current detection amplifier; RSENSE is arranged in the negative path of the direct current output loop, and the typical resistance value ranges from 10mΩ to 100mΩ; the gain of the current detection amplifier is G, and its output voltage VOUT_SENSE=G×ISENSE×RSENSE, wherein ISENSE is the output loop current; the control module detects VOUT_SENSE through an analog-to-digital converter, and when ISENSE exceeds the over-current protection threshold ITH_OCP, the control module performs current reduction or shutdown operation; ITH_OCP is automatically adapted and set according to the total current of the actually connected LED lighting load.

[0048] Example 5: The safety extra-low voltage DC output port can adopt different variations from 2 pins to 4 pins depending on the product positioning: the 2-pin structure only includes the positive power supply terminal and the ground terminal, which is suitable for minimalist constant-on LED strings; the 3-pin structure adds a data terminal to support PWM dimming control; the 4-pin structure adds a function expansion terminal to support multi-channel group control and signal feedback.

[0049] Example 6: Power supply and data shared interface. In one example, the safety extra-low voltage DC output port is a power supply and data shared interface, realizing the co-line transmission of power supply lines and data signal lines; The shared interface uses a 4-pin interface structure, and the functions of each pin are defined as follows: Pin 1: Safety extra-low voltage positive terminal (12V to 48V, preferably 36V+), used to provide DC power to LED lighting loads; Pin 2: Ground terminal (GND), serving as the common ground reference for the power supply circuit; The third pin (Pin3): Data signal terminal (DATA), used to transmit lighting control data signals (such as PWM dimming signals, effect command codes, etc.) issued by the control module; Pin 4: DETECT reserved terminal, which is a reserved position for functional expansion in the mechanical structure, providing a hardware foundation for subsequent functional upgrades (such as temperature detection, light intensity feedback, etc.); The 4-pin interface adopts a standard circular connector structure, with each pin isolated from the others by insulating ribs to prevent short circuits; the male and female connectors are designed to prevent incorrect pin alignment during insertion. In the magnetic interface variant, the 4-pin interface achieves electrical connection through PogoPin flexible contact terminals; the PogoPin flexible contact terminals include a positive contact corresponding to Pin1, a negative contact corresponding to Pin2, a data contact corresponding to Pin3, and a reserved contact corresponding to Pin4; each PogoPin contact is isolated from each other by insulating ribs to ensure electrical isolation and mechanical positioning; the magnetic adsorption housing adopts a radially symmetrical magnetic pole arrangement, with the outer ring being the N pole and the inner ring being the S pole, ensuring that the male and female connectors can achieve alignment and adsorption at any angle within a 360° rotation range; The shared power and data interface enables the co-line transmission of power and data signals, reducing the number of external connections and simplifying installation and wiring. At the same time, it reserves functional expansion terminal positions in the mechanical structure, providing a hardware foundation for future functional upgrades.

[0050] The following is a quantitative comparison of experimental data, showing the pure physical hybrid connection scheme represented by the present invention with existing load identification schemes and connector built-in chip schemes in several key technical indicators:

[0051] The experimental data above show that the solution of the present invention has only 32% of the load identification solution and 27% of the connector built-in chip solution in terms of single-node BOM cost; it achieves true plug-and-play in terms of mixed-connection configuration time; it is significantly better than the two comparative solutions in terms of connector waterproof rating; it is twice as fast as the load identification solution and 3.3 times as fast as the connector built-in chip solution in terms of connector MTBF; it achieves a minimalist design in terms of system complexity, completely eliminating the load identification circuit and the chip inside the connector; and it is not limited by any database or protocol in terms of mixed-connection specification support, supporting the mixed-connection of LED light strings of any specification of the same category. These data fully demonstrate the significant advantages of the pure physical mixed-connection solution of the present invention in terms of reliability, cost-effectiveness, outdoor applicability, and user experience.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant and verifiable technical effects: This invention employs a constant-voltage busbar and constant-current architecture at the lamp ends, enabling arbitrary mixing of LED strings of the same type and specifications. Through an innovative architecture of "a constant-voltage busbar provided by the main controller + independent constant-current drive at the lamp string ends," it completely eliminates the need for "smart connectors" and their built-in chips used for load identification. LED strings of the same type and specifications with different voltage and current requirements (such as C6 spherical LED strings, C7 bulb LED strings, C9 bulb LED strings, E26 bulb LED strings, outdoor decorative LED strings, and eaves LED strings) automatically draw and stabilize to the required operating current from the busbar through their respective built-in constant-current drive modules. This allows them to be arbitrarily mixed and matched through a waterproof connector structure without any internal electronic chips. Each constant-current drive module operates independently, with preset current values ​​set independently according to the specifications of the connected LED strings, without affecting each other. The main controller does not need to identify the type of LED string, nor does it need to perform any load identification, category detection, parameter configuration, or manual setting operations, achieving true "plug and play, arbitrary mixing."

[0053] The waterproof connector features a zero-chip design, achieving ultra-high reliability and outdoor-grade waterproofing. Because it contains no internal electronic chips, consisting only of conductive terminals and a sealed housing, its structure is extremely simple and highly reliable. It easily achieves IP67 and higher waterproof sealing ratings, fundamentally eliminating system failures caused by the failure of internal electronic components. Compared to existing connector-embedded chip solutions, the waterproof connector of this invention significantly reduces costs and significantly improves waterproof reliability, making it particularly suitable for harsh applications such as outdoor decorative lighting.

[0054] A comprehensive overvoltage and overcurrent protection system ensures safe system operation. This invention incorporates an overvoltage protection circuit (OVP) and an overcurrent protection circuit (OCP) at the extra-low voltage DC output terminal. Furthermore, the integrated power adapter includes overload protection, overtemperature protection, and short-circuit protection circuits, forming a multi-layered protection system. The overvoltage protection circuit automatically cuts off or limits the output when the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold, and the overcurrent protection circuit automatically reduces the output current or cuts off the output when the output current exceeds a preset threshold. This effectively protects the power adapter and LED lighting load, preventing equipment damage and safety hazards caused by abnormal loads or misoperation.

[0055] The power supply and data share a common interface, simplifying installation and wiring. The safety extra-low voltage DC output port of this invention adopts a design that allows for the co-line transmission of power supply lines and data signal lines. The 4-pin interface structure, in addition to providing a positive power supply terminal and a ground terminal, adds a data signal terminal and a reserved detection terminal, which reduces the number of external connections, simplifies installation and wiring, and reserves expansion space for future functional upgrades. The magnetic interface variant, through the PogoPin elastic contact terminal and radially symmetrical magnetic pole arrangement, achieves alignment and engagement at any 360° rotation angle, greatly improving the convenience of insertion.

[0056] The extra-low voltage range design ensures personal safety. The output voltage range of this invention is 12V to 48V, preferably 36V, which strictly complies with the IEC61140 standard for SELV definition. Within this voltage range, even if leakage occurs in a humid environment or direct contact with the human body, it will not cause electric shock. It is particularly suitable for decorative lighting scenarios with high safety requirements, such as outdoor courtyards, poolside areas, and rainy weather.

[0057] Purely physical mixing, requiring no network dependence or intelligent configuration, the mixing control of this invention is entirely based on pure physical electrical connection, without involving any network communication, mobile applications, intelligent identification or data configuration; users only need to plug the light string plug into the output port to achieve mixing, the operation is extremely simple and intuitive, equally friendly to elderly users and non-technical users; the system has zero network dependence, zero privacy leakage risk, and requires no network configuration or account registration.

[0058] The components, modules, mechanisms, and devices in this invention that are not described in detail are all general standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art. Their structures and principles can be learned by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lighting device mixed connection control device, characterized in that, include: The main control integrated power adapter and at least two LED lighting loads are included. The main control integrated power adapter includes a power conversion module, a control module and a short-range wireless receiving module. The power conversion module converts AC mains power into DC power within a safe extra-low voltage range; The integrated power adapter provides at least one safe extra-low voltage DC output port; The integrated power adapter provides a constant DC voltage output, which is automatically adapted to the operating current by the LED load terminal. The integrated power adapter does not include load type identification circuit, current sampling identification circuit and impedance detection circuit; Each LED lighting load has a built-in independent constant current drive module on its lamp head board. The input terminal of each constant current drive module is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC output port through a waterproof connector structure. The waterproof connector structure does not contain any electronic chips. The waterproof connector structure includes conductive terminals and a sealed insulating shell. Each LED lighting load independently adapts to its operating current through its own constant current drive module; The constant current drive module includes a lamp-end constant current drive chip, a current setting resistor, and a filter capacitor. The input terminal of the lamp-end constant current drive chip is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC bus, and the output terminal of the lamp-end constant current drive chip is connected to the LED lighting load. The lamp-end constant current drive chip stabilizes the output current at a preset value through an internal feedback circuit. The preset current value of each constant current drive module is set independently according to the specifications of the connected LED lighting load and does not affect each other.

2. The lighting device mixed connection control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lamp-end constant current drive chip is a linear constant current drive chip or a switching constant current drive chip. The circuit structure of the lamp-end constant current drive chip includes: The input voltage pin is connected to the positive terminal of the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. Grounding pin, the grounding pin is connected to the negative terminal of the extra-low voltage DC bus; The output current pin is connected to the anode of the LED lighting load through a current setting resistor, and the cathode of the LED lighting load is connected back to the negative terminal of the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. The lamp-end constant current drive chip includes an over-temperature protection unit and a current sampling unit. The over-temperature protection unit automatically reduces the output current when the chip junction temperature exceeds a preset value. The current sampling unit achieves closed-loop current regulation by detecting the voltage drop across the current setting resistor.

3. The lighting device mixed connection control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extra-low voltage DC output port is a shared interface for power supply and data, and includes at least two conductive terminals.

4. The lighting device mixed connection control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated power adapter for main control is also equipped with overload protection circuit, over-temperature protection circuit and short-circuit protection circuit. The overload protection circuit includes overvoltage protection circuit and overcurrent protection circuit.

5. A lighting device mixed connection control device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The overvoltage protection circuit includes a voltage sampling resistor network and a comparator. The voltage sampling resistor network performs voltage division sampling on the output voltage of the safety extra-low voltage DC output port. The comparator compares the sampled voltage with an internally preset overvoltage protection threshold. When the sampled voltage exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold, a protection signal is output to the control module. The control module responds to the protection signal by cutting off or limiting the output voltage. The overcurrent protection circuit includes a series sampling resistor and a current sensing amplifier. The series sampling resistor is located in the DC output circuit, and the current sensing amplifier detects the voltage drop across the series sampling resistor. When the detected current exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold, it outputs a protection signal to the control module.

6. A lighting device mixed connection control device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control module adjusts the brightness of each LED lighting load through pulse width modulation. The pulse width modulation signal is transmitted to each LED lighting load through the safety extra-low voltage DC output port. The constant current drive module of each LED lighting load receives the pulse width modulation signal and adjusts the effective value of the LED drive current according to the duty cycle to achieve brightness adjustment.

7. A lighting device mixed connection control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof connector structure adopts an asymmetric mechanical foolproof structure, the conductive terminal is a copper alloy conductive terminal, and the sealed insulating shell is an insulating shell sealed by ultrasonic welding or double-layer injection molding process.

8. A lighting device mixed connection control device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The waterproof connector structure includes a magnetic interface structure, which includes an interconnected magnetic adsorption shell and a PogoPin elastic contact terminal. The PogoPin elastic contact terminal includes at least two elastic contacts, which are isolated from each other by insulating ribs. The magnetic adsorption shell adopts a radially symmetrical magnetic pole arrangement to ensure that the male and female connectors can achieve correct alignment and engagement at any rotation angle in the circumferential direction.

9. A lighting device mixed connection control device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The waterproof joint structure includes at least one of a mechanical plug-in interface structure, an elastic contact interface structure, or a threaded sealing interface structure. The conductive terminal includes one of the following: a positive terminal for power supply, a ground terminal, a data terminal for transmitting lighting control data, or a functional expansion terminal.

10. A method for controlling mixed connections of lighting devices, characterized in that, The method of controlling an LED lighting load using a lighting device mixing control device according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. The power conversion module converts AC mains power into DC power within the safe extra-low voltage range, and outputs a constant DC voltage through the safe extra-low voltage DC output port; S2. Each LED lighting load is connected to the safety extra-low voltage DC output port through its own waterproof connector structure; S3. The constant current drive modules at the lamp ends of each LED lighting load draw power from the safety extra-low voltage DC bus. Each constant current drive module converts the input constant voltage DC power into a constant current output to drive the corresponding LED lighting load. Each constant current drive module can independently adapt its working current and power according to the specifications of the connected LED string, so as to realize the arbitrary mixing of multiple specifications of LED strings of the same type on the same safety extra-low voltage DC bus. S4. The control module receives external control commands through a short-range wireless receiver module to perform unified lighting control on each LED lighting load.

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